1 Introduction. Common equipment standards

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1 1 Introduction Electrical systems installed in domestic premises in France vary considerably from those used in the UK. Whilst all appliances would work satisfactorily in either country, few of the materials and equipment used in the construction of UK electrical systems are acceptable in France. Despite these differences, understanding and installing a French system is well within the capacity of anyone who is competent in the installation of UK systems. This guide starts with the electricity supply from EDF and continues step by step through the requirements of a typical installation. The materials and equipment required are described in detail with photographs and illustrations showing their use. Where appropriate, the guide provides an insight into the differences between the UK and French systems and highlights the reasons behind these differences. Common misunderstandings are clarified and practices that are unacceptable in France but acceptable in the UK, and vice versa, are explained. There is always a tendency to think that what we are used to is better, but the French standards are in fact very high and the approach should be one of understanding and meeting the French requirements. Common equipment standards Fortunately, thanks to the European Union there are some common equipment standards, such as cables and equipment carrying the CE mark. The CE mark is a construction standard for equipment. The French national standard for equipment and installations, which also includes equipment performance, is the NF classification. This has a function equivalent to that of the BS Kitemark in the UK. In particular, the regulations relating to domestic electrical installations in France are known

2 8 Electricity in your french house as NF C The Norme, as it is known, has broadly the same function and legal standing in France as do the IEE 17 regulations in the UK. Codes of practice To complement the regulations in the UK, various codes of practice are published relating to specific aspects of installations. The same thing happens in France, where the source of similar information is the UTE (Union Technique de l Electricité). One UTE publication in particular is referred to in the following pages. This is UTE C90-483, which deals with IT networks in domestic properties.

3 2 Suppliers, tariffs and charges If you want electricity supplied to a new installation, you will need to request your electricity company to provide the connection. EDF manages over 95% of the electricity network in France and will provide a connection to a property upon request. You can choose to purchase your electricity from EDF or from one of the various alternative suppliers who offer a range of competitive schemes. ( Note The French state controls the tariffs of EDF and keeps them somewhat below market level. The European Union has noted this and is insisting that they be deregulated during the course of The normal way to select (or change) a supplier is to visit a comparison website by searching under changement de fournisseur d électricité and to choose from those listed. At the time of writing, all such sites are in French, but useful information can be found on: guides/france/utilities/electricity/. Having selected your supplier, fill in the on-line form to start the contract process. Alternatively, if you wish to change supplier, enter your electricity consumption and post code details into the form. This will trigger the various suppliers offers for you to compare. Changing your supplier should be relatively seamless with the new supplier managing the changeover arrangements with the original company. Subject to contractual requirements, there are no restrictions on how many times or how often you change supplier, but there might be some restrictions regarding reverting to your original supplier (for example, you need a period of six months before going back to EDF). The different suppliers also list the percentage of green electricity included in their offers. If you prefer a turnkey solution, it is possible to start off by choosing an electricity supplier and then to request them to make contact with EDF for the connection. The chosen

4 10 Electricity in your french house supplier liaises with EDF for the work and manages the whole process. Tables 1 and 2 provide the current EDF tariffs (August 2009) for a single-phase base rate (tarif bleu) or offpeak rate (tarif bleu option heures creuses) at various power capacities. Power in Kva Rating of Main Switch (amps) Table 1 EDF Base rate Annual Standing Charge (Euros) CostEuros/ Kwh Power in Kva Rating of Main Switch (amps) Table 2 EDF Off-peak rate Annual Standing Charge (euros) High Rate (heures pleines) Off-peak Rate (heures creuses) The above tariffs include tax (TTC). Several taxes are levied on electricity bills apart from TVA, including municipal tax, departmental tax, CTA (contribution tarifaire d acheminement) and CSPE (contribution au service public d électricité) all at various rates which can be found detailed on the relevant EDF bill. Another tariff offered by EDF is Tempo. The Tempo tariff divides each day into one of three colours: red, white and blue. The blue tariff is available for 300 days of the year; these days are the least expensive. The white tariff is applied for 43 days of the year and the red tariff for the 22 remaining days. The red tariff is the most expensive and is always applied from the November 1 st till March 31 st, but never on weekends and bank holidays. Within each day, irrespective of colour, are off-peak and base rate periods, thus giving a total of six tariff periods. The daily base rate and offpeak periods vary according to the region. Typically, base rate can be from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m. with off-peak from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m.. EDF decide which colour will be applied to the following day by sending a signal along the electricity network around 8 p.m. each day. This signal is picked up by the metering and energy management computer installed by EDF in your home. The computer illuminates the appropriate LED which indicates the colour for the next day. This information is also available on internet, and you can arrange to be notified by or text message. This arrangement allows the consumer to manage their consump-

5 Suppliers, tariffs and charges 11 tion by deferring the use of washing machines and electric heating etc. EDF will provide the Tempo tariff upon request and install free of charge the management computer and the metering equipment in your home. The system is not available for consumers with less than 9 Kva supply capacity. You will find more information on the EDF website. EDF website The EDF website has a section in English that offers, amongst other useful information and services, English-speaking telephone helplines, depending on your region. A list of these numbers is given in the Appendix. To access the English section, go to fr/accueil/pages-transverses/foreign-residents html. Three-phase systems It is not uncommon to find three-phase systems in rural properties in France. This is most often an indication of their original use, perhaps as farm complexes. A three-phase supply could well have been installed originally to power farm machinery. Although the property may no longer be a working farm, the three-phase electricity supply may still be in place. EDF will be happy to leave the threephase supply, but it should be emphasised that unless you are qualified and competent in the complexities of a three-phase supply, it is best to seek professional advice. The risks of shock and fire are considerably greater than in the case of a singlephase supply. If such a property is the subject of a renovation project, then unless there is a specific need for a three-phase supply, it is strongly recommended that it be removed and replaced by a single-phase supply.

6 3 EDF metering and main switchgear This chapter describes what EDF provide as their part of an installation, where your responsibility starts and what you need to get from that point to the consumer unit. EDF equipment The supply cabling to the property will arrive at the EDF main fuse box (coffret de coupe circuit), which provides mains short-circuit protection for the property. The fuses will be connected to the meter in the normal way and from there will be connected to the EDF RCD (disjoncteur de branchement). This will most likely be a double-pole RCD Type S with overcurrent release and a continuous load capacity of 45, 60 or 90 amp. It is adjustable within this range by EDF. The tripping sensitivity for earth faults is always 500 milliamp. The Type S has an approximately 40 millisecond delay in operation for earth faults, in order to allow the consumer unit RCDs to operate first in this event. The incoming terminals will be sealed, but the outgoing ones will not be, as they are the point of common coupling, i.e. where the consumer s responsibility takes over from that of EDF. Other equipment that may be found in this area includes the timers and relays required for off-peak supplies. The entire EDF installation can range from a glass-fibre box, mounted somewhere outside the property and containing little more than a set of main fuses, a rotating disc digital meter and an RCD, to a modern GTL (see chapter 11) comprising the latest in remotely read meters and modular construction with an aesthetically pleasing match to the consumer s equipment. Main cabling The size of the cabling from the EDF equipment to the consumer unit is a function of both the load capacity and the maximum voltage drop allowed. To establish the load capacity (if not known), locate the small window on the EDF RCD. Here you will find a number indicating the current at

7 Main cabling 13 EDF main fuses Electricity meter EDF supply to building EDF RCD type S To consumer unit Figure 1 Typical arrangement of EDF equipment

8 14 Electricity in your french house which the overcurrent release is set, e.g. a 45 amp RCD might have an overcurrent setting (as seen through the viewing window) of 30 amp. This would equate to a supply capacity of 6 Kva (see table 1). The voltage drop is the loss of voltage in a cable caused by both the magnitude of the current flowing through it and the length of the cable. It is expressed as a percentage of the voltage as measured at the EDF equipment. The maximum voltage drop allowed is 3%. This is defined as calculated from the EDF RCD to the furthest lighting point or socket outlet in the property. Normally, 1% is allowed for the voltage drop inside the house and this equates to a maximum of 50 m of lighting or power-socket cable. The assumption is that the supply cabling from the EDF RCD will cause no more than a 2% voltage drop before arriving at the consumer unit. Table 3 gives cable lengths for a maximum voltage drop of 2% as a function of different load capacities. The minimum size of cable under any circumstance is 10 mm 2. The earth connection from the test link to the consumer unit should always be the same size as the cabling between the EDF RCD and the consumer unit. EDF will be happy to provide a street pillar at the property limit or other agreed position. This will contain all the EDF equipment, i.e. fuses, meter, RCD and off-peak relays and timers. The Table 3 Cable lengths for maximum voltage drop of 2% Cable Crosssectional Area 10 mm 2 22 m Main Switch Rating 45 amp 60 amp 90 amp Not allowed 16 mm 2 36 m 27 m Not allowed Not allowed 25 mm 2 56 m 42 m 28 m 35 mm 2 78 m 58 m 39 m 50 mm m 83 m 56 m point of common coupling is still the outgoing terminals of the EDF RCD. The next question to consider is what type of cable to use, given that the cable route from the street pillar to the house will almost certainly be underground. The guidelines for cross-sectional area of cable shown in table 3 apply equally to underground cables but the cable types are different. In this situation it is necessary to install either: a U1000 R2V or FRN 05 VV-U in red flexible conduit type TPC of 50/60 mm diameter, or an armoured cable type U1000 RGPFV or a lead-sheathed armoured cable type U1000 RVFV directly into the ground. In either case, a red warning tape should be placed directly above the cable. Generally, the only conduit allowed in this trench will be the EDF power supply to the house. Trenches car-

9 Emergency isolation 15 rying other services must be kept at least 200 mm away from the EDF trench. However, off-peak control equipment from EDF can, with their express agreement, be included in the same conduit as the supply. In all cases, however, any digging of trenches or installation of conduits and cables should only be carried out following consultation with EDF and their agreement as to where the street pillar might be placed. Emergency isolation There is a requirement in the Norme to provide an emergency isolator (coupure d urgence) which, when operated, cuts off the supply of electricity to the property s consumer unit. This function is normally provided by the EDF main RCD when this is alongside the property s consumer unit. However, if the EDF main RCD is not in the same place as the property s consumer unit (as might be the case in figure 2, where it could be located in the street pillar), then the responsibility to provide the main isolator falls to the owner of the property. This isolator must be double-pole and have at least the same current rating as the EDF RCD. Although not strictly required to be, the isolator can be an RCD similar to the EDF main RCD. It must be installed adjacent to, and control the supply to, the main consumer unit. Figure 2 Trench dimensions Property consumer unit Emergency isolator if needed EDF street pillar Supply main cable Trench dimensions 600 mm deep 400 mm wide Red warning tape 100 mm above sand bed Red flexible conduit 50/60 type TPC Sand bed 100 mm above and below conduit