Electronic Government and Public Administration in Hungary

Transcription

1 Electronic Government and Public Administration in Hungary Dr. Péter Risztics, PhD Director Budapest University of Technology and Economics Centre of Information Technology István Jankovits Deputy Director of R&D Budapest University of Technology and Economics Centre of Information Technology Abstract The article presents the visions, plans, and actions related to the implementation of electronic governmental and electronic public administration services in Hungary, in the past few years. The roles of governmental organizations (such as the Ministry of Informatics and Communications, Prime Minister s Office, Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Finance), the legal and technical regulations (such as the XXXV. act in 2001, CVIII. act in 2001, 20/2004. (IV. 21.)), some of the concrete projects (such as the WEB-based pilot projects, XR, IOP, local governmental pilot projects) and plans about the future (written in Hungarian Information Society Strategy [1]) are also shown in the article. Experts keep on working in Hungary therefore this article can be just a snapshot about the actualities. 1. Introduction The efforts to implement electronic government and electronic administration are part of the key objectives of the eeurope Initiative: Bringing every citizen, home and school, every business and administration, online and into the digital age. Creating a digitally literate Europe, supported by an entrepreneurial culture ready to finance and develop new ideas. Ensuring that the whole process is socially inclusive, builds consumer trust and strengthens social cohesion. The first key objective is about the electronic government and electronic public administration on which Hungarian experts are also working. The modernization of administration needs changes in several areas. Review of the workflows, the used data structures, the infrastructure of computer network, access to the Internet via broadband, interconnection of governmental organizations, implementing registries based on databases of the Ministry of Interior to provide valuable services to citizens is still going on. The most important Hungarian projects, results and consequences will be reviewed in this article in connection with electronic government and electronic public administration. 2. Background of e-government and electronic public administration in Hungary 2.1. Governmental roles Prime Minister s Office, Ministry of Informatics and Communications, Ministry of Interior. In Hungary the fields of e-government and electronic public administration belong to two different governmental organizations. It is laid down in the related laws, that the duties of the Ministry of Informatics and Communications (IHM) are the planning and implementation of social, public administrative, cultural, educational, economical programs in connection with informatics excluding governmental information technology systems, the so called front-office. The governmental information systems, the back-office that include information systems of governmental organizations (that means e- Government is equal to G2G communication as the definition of the law says) are under the control of the Prime Minister s Office (MeH). There is also a third party involved, the Ministry of Interior (BM) which provides the different databases about people, companies. Local governments are also under the control of the Ministry of the Interior therefore pilot projects in connection with local governments affect that. The Ministry of Informatics and Communications has also supervisory rights to the tasks controlled by the Prime Minister s Office, but the projects of the Prime Minister s Office must follow the guidelines written in the Hungarian Information Society 1

2 Strategy (MITS). The duties of the Ministry of Informatics and Communications are the following: definition of standard information technology guidelines, phasing the strategies of other governmental organizations in connection with information technology systems, definition of technical specifications for governmental information technology systems, definition of quality of service, applications used by governmental organizations, co-operation with the Prime Minister s Office. The duties of the Prime Minister s Office are the following: specification of requirements at electronic communication between governmental organizations, implementation of governmental backbone (network), implementation of governmental portal. It can be suspected, that these two groups may have shared areas - therefore nowadays, as the number of tasks is increasing the Ministry of Informatics and Communications gets the main role, it becomes the leader of planning and implementing information technology systems in e-government and electronic public administration in Hungary Other related Ministries. In 2003 the Hungarian Information Society Strategy was born, supported by the Ministry of Informatics and Communications. This document specifies visions, plans and actions that are based on widespread discussion of information technology experts. The Hungarian Information Society Strategy has the following aims for the next ten years: stepping into the digital age, harmonization of projects that help bringing up the information society, improving the competitiveness of the Hungarian economy, proving that information technology is not just a chance but the key solution of improvement, following the directives, guidelines, requirements of the European Union, this document must be the base of other plans, projects. The visions, plans and actions of the Hungarian Information Society Strategy comply with the eeurope+ and eeurope 2005 action plans. Fortunately, many of the aimed plans have already come true, and experts are also working on implementing the others. The electronic public administration chapter of the Hungarian Information Society Strategy includes plans about the inner communication and document management of the governmental organizations and about those twenty public services that are mentioned in the eeurope action plans. The twenty public services written in the eeurope are the following for citizens: income taxes (declaration, notification of assessment), job search services by labor offices, social security contributions (unemployment benefits, family allowances, medical costs, student grants), personal documents (passport and driver s license), car registration (new, used and imported cars), application for building permission, declaration to the police (e.g. in case of theft), public libraries (availability of catalogues, search tools), request and delivery of certificates (birth, marriage), enrolment in higher education, university, announcement of moving (change of address), health related services (e.g. interactive advice on the availability of services in different hospitals; appointments for hospitals), and for businesses: social contribution for employees, declaration and notification of corporation tax and VAT, registration of a new company, submission of data to statistical offices, customs declarations, environment-related permits (include reporting), public procurement. The information technology system of the local governments must be able to provide these electronic public services, therefore the Hungarian Information Society Strategy also specifies visions, plans and actions in this area. Other chapters are out of the scope of the e- Government and electronic public administration but can be related topics. The economic chapter includes plans about telework (working at home connected to the company via Internet), e-business, e-commerce (supporting SMEs to improve information technology systems), aiding logistics, intelligent transport, information portal for agrarians. In the cultural chapter the plans of National Digital Data Archives (NDA) are specified that is in connection with the e-content project in eeurope documents. The educational chapter is about providing digital content for students, running registry of students and lecturers, teachers and give the chance of life-long learning. Health related plans conform with the e-health action plan in eeurope documents. The environmental protection chapter is about the need of running information portal and providing access to databases for experts. The internet access via broadband is the aim at the chapter on infrastructure which is in 2

3 connection with e-science (broadband at universities, GEANT). The accessible internet is a related chapter to the previous one. This chapter is about implementing public internet access points at smaller settlements. The infrastructural services chapter is about several metadata databases. In the knowledge chapter the learning of computer usage is the aim such as at e-skill in eeurope documents. An important chapter is e-security which is based on cryptography and devices such as smart cards. Security is also a vital requirement in the case of e- democracy solutions. R+D projects must be supported, the accentuated areas are listed in the chapter of IST (Information Society Technologies) in the Sixth Framework Programme ( ) of the European Union. Social regulation about solving the problem of digital gap and handicapped people is also included in the Hungarian Information Society Strategy Legal regulation The most mentioned acts and regulations in connection with the information society are the act about electronic signature (XXXV. act in 2001), the act about electronic commerce (CVIII. act in 2001) and the regulation of the Ministry of Finance (PM) about electronic invoices (20/2004. (IV. 21.)). The electronic signature is the base of all actions in connection with the regulation of the information society. The Hungarian act is based on the 1999/93/EC directive. This defines the expressions related to the electronic signature, the several kinds of services such as providing certification service, time stamping service and key generation service. This list will be extended in 2004 by the revision of the original act with electronically signed data archive service (this is a requirement of archiving e.g. electronic invoices in a long range of time). The required management of the registry about certification service providers is maintained by the National Communications Authority (NHH). There are five advanced certification service provider and two qualified one as it is written in the registry. The evaluated and qualified products (such as smart cards, electronic signature-creation applications), the evaluator organizations of products, foreign certification service providers and experts are also listed in the registry which is available on the Internet. The act and the related regulations define strict requirements based on the directive in connection with the operation, responsibilities and commitments of the certification service providers, in connection with technological issues such as the construction of the qualified certificates, the requirements of an SSCD (secure signature-creation device). The electronic signature became the base of other regulations. In Hungary the 3000 top tax-payers must use electronically signed forms since the 1st of February in 2004, the needed smart cards, smart card readers, certificates and applications are supported by the related ministries. The dues (in connection with superannuation) can also be returned by using electronic signatures. The rules of electronic commerce and other services that aim information society are laid down in the Hungarian act (CVIII. act in 2001) which is based on the 2000/31/EC directive of the European Union. The act defines the way of providing electronic contracts, the strict rules of data management (privacy, data protection), the responsibilities and commitments of the service providers, and regulates the advertisements via electronic channels (such as the problem of spam s). This latter topic generated a large dispute among the experts, because in the first round the opt-out system (posterior signing off) was preferred but finally the opt-in system (preliminary singing in) became the chosen solution. The directive of the Council 2001/115/EC about electronic invoicing has been implemented in the regulation of the Ministry of Finance. Hungary has accomplished the implementation of managing electronic invoices until the deadline, the date of accession to the European Union (1st of May in 2004) and the first electronic invoice was issued on the 5th of May in The electronic invoice needs to have qualified time stamp and advanced electronic signature. Other acts have also been modified, the ways of managing documents, contracts have been raised but using electronic signature is still not everyday thing in the life of people. The reason is mainly the unavailability of systems, services therefore the main aim of the Hungarian pilot projects was to provide services such as XR in connection with the governmental portal to have useful and usable systems in the topic of electronic signature Technological environment Technology stands in the background of legal regulation at the matter of electronic government and electronic public administration in most cases. The base of electronic government and electronic public administration is the Internet. Technological and social development was needed, therefore several ways of education have started (such as ECDL courses) and also the infrastructure has been enhanced. The governmental backbone network makes interconnection between 120 governmental organizations via broadband Internet (622 Mbit/sec). The academic backbone has also been enhanced; the interconnection between e.g. universities is based on broadband Internet. The computer-penetration of companies is about 90% in 2004 but at home just the 26% of people have computer. In Budapest (the capital) 14% (8% on the average) of citizens have internet access at home. The computer and internet penetration of home users are the base of the telework. The 1% of workers were teleworkers in Hungary in the second half of

4 The government has started several programs to increase the computer and internet penetration of households. Pedagogues and parents were able to buy computers for reduced costs in the Sulinet Express program, the Ministry of Informatics and Communications had also supported the fees of broadband Internet access such as ADSL. One of the biggest internet service providers (with more than subscribers in December of 2003) says that the 20% of all Internet access is based on ADSL technology. The conditions of being used of electronic government and electronic public administration by home users are evolving. On the other hand the government has to implement and provide services that fulfill the security and legal requirements. Solutions of electronic government and electronic public administration are based on Internet (TCP and IP protocols) therefore the nature of the network determines basic rules in connection with security which is one of the most important problem of functioning. The repeatedly mentioned requirements of secure communication are confidentiality, integrity, authentication, non-repudiation, and secure systems also have the availability parameter. A stand-alone system can be secure if these requirements are fulfilled, but there can also be problems in communication between systems. The fault can be either e.g. at communication protocols, implementation of these protocols or at message formats, contents. Interoperability matter is a serious issue, the failure of fast spreading electronic signature in 2001 (after the legal regulation had been born) was the interoperability problem of PKI systems and applications. Systems have user interfaces, data can be accessed by users that must also be under strict control. The listed requirements are also taken into account at accessibility to data, databases, and services. The key solutions to satisfy these requirements are open standards and cryptography. Taking into account these guidelines secure and interoperable solutions can be implemented either in the front-office or in the backoffice. In public key cryptography sender and recipient have a pair of keys, a public key which corresponds to the secret one. To make digitally signed messages, the sender must use its own secret key with the hash of the message, document, and the recipient can verify using the sender s public key. To make encrypted messages, the sender must use the recipient s public key with the message, document, and the recipient can decrypt using its own secret key. Public keys can be accessed by downloading them from a directory (e.g. using LDAP protocol to access an X.500 directory). Cryptographic keys are issued by trusted third parties that use PKI technology. The CA (Certification Authority) makes a mapping between realworld entities and electronic objects by corresponding public keys to real-world entities personal data. This structured, and digitally signed (by the CA) data, called certificate, is published in the directory. The secret key is stored on a smart card and issued to the user. This device cannot reveal the bit string of the key, just enables communication via the interface of the smart card and the electronic signature-creation application. Question of open standard is the other keystone of making systems in general (not just at electronic government projects, but there the need is much bigger) secure and interoperable. The standards of communication in the lower layers are TCP/IP and in the upper layers at electronic government and electronic public administration HTTP and HTTPS. Used languages to form data, messages must be XML according to trends in other countries. In Hungary the act about electronic signature was the first step to the formation of information society, but technology and law couldn t solve several problems. One of them is the matter of data protection, privacy. Privacy questions of real-world entities and unambiguous identification (e.g. distinguished name) of an object in electronic world are two contrary assertions. The user and government can choose either the service is secure, and e.g. digitally signed forms can be accepted as manuallysigned real-world documents. The Hungarian CSPs (Certification Service Providers) started their operating as registered (by National Communications Authority) service providers but the number of subscribers has been grown slowly because of the small number of usable applications, services related to electronic signature. In Hungary and also over the world the following two years were the projects of examining interoperability. Methodologies and specifications have been made to have standard requirements expected from CSPs. The European Union and United States have also funded projects in connection with the interoperability of PKI solutions. In the US the idea of a newly implemented federal Bridge-CA was born. The EU funded PKI Challenge and other projects such as European Bridge-CA aimed to make standard decisions about acceptable cryptography and communication standards, configuration of applications (S/MIME mailing applications), communication methods (using OCSP servers to make the access of certificate status information easier). Part of the interoperability question is the list of cryptographic algorithms. It can be possible that one of the users generates digital signature by DSA algorithm, but the other user can verify digital signatures made by RSA therefore the set of algorithms must have been declared (e.g. at electronic invoices). The government had an unfinished project about implementing PKI at governmental organizations that also defined 4

5 requirements in connection with cryptographic algorithms. The problems of PKIs occured at the server-side, at the CSPs but there were also problems and more serious problems at client-sides. The vendors of PKI solutions implemented client-side applications and verifier tools but these were just plug-ins to other applications (e.g. mailing application, document editor application). At the interoperability tests it was clear that on the client side there must be stand-alone applications or plug-ins but with strict and standardized interfaces. Interfaces to smart cards is the matter of CSPs (Cryptographic Service Provider), interfaces to applications (used algorithms, format of data, complete and correct verification of certificates and CRLs) is matter of implemented open standards. The usage of S/MIME applications on the client side can be obvious but security requirements are fulfilled just at the correct configuration of applications. S/MIME profiles have been declared at the German ISIS-MTT and the PKI Challenge either. In these profiles signeddata and envelopeddata profiles are specified based on the RFC The main problem is with default settings that in most cases the retrieval of CRLs or the checking of certificate status (OCSP) is missing, or not implemented and functioning correctly (e.g. checks certificates serial number in a cached CRL, but unfortunately the issuer of the CRL has become invalid or the sender s certificate has been compromised). Experts says that these cases (certificate status is not checked correctly) when the user has false security feeling is worse than not checking anything but warning the user that certificate status is not checked. In the latter case the user can decide whether to accept or not the digital signature, otherwise if the user accepts a digital signature which was made by an e.g. stolen smart card and private key a large amount of property damage can occur by an e.g. false settling of an invoice. The correct and complete verification of the certificate is the key point of public key technologies. This task must include the check of the validity of certificate (valid from and valid to), the digital signature made by the issuer, checking the keyusage bit in the certificate (nonrepudiation must be set exclusively), the CRL must be retrieved from the given URI (URL) and processed and the related policies (CP from the given URL of certificatepolicies extension) either, and also other extensions may be checked (e.g. MonetaryValue defined in ETSI TS ). These checks must be made on each certificate in the certificate chain from the end user to the root CA. The matter of unambiguous identification of an object in the electronic world can be solved if the object is not a human being (in this case privacy questions means difficulties). The ITU and ISO has a Registration- Hierarchical-name-tree in which they can assign a number to each object. This OID (object identifier) must be used at objects such as CPS (Certification Practice Statement) and CP (Certificate Policy) documents and at SPs (Signature Policy) which can be automatically processable if that is based on the ETSI TR document. In Hungary the regulation of OIDs needs a lot of time, but the decision has already been born, Hungary will use the subtree of joint-iso-itu with the number of {joint-iso-itu-t(2) country(16) hu(348)} at CPSs and CPs. In a worldwide functioning interoperability needs OIDs either at electronic government and electronic public administration services. The documents such as printed matters, records must have OIDs in all countries to be able to be referred. Interoperability of applications of different vendors usually result in failures. The situation is similar in the case of electronic signature-creation applications. Different vendors use different functions, different APIs, different algorithms. Nowadays platform-independent solutions are based on Java source-coded applications using crypto packages (such as javax.crypto), but there are also applications that use MS Crypto API. There are efforts to make these different applications interoperable. The result of these efforts is that many technical specifications and technical reports has been generated in the past two years at ETSI, one of the standardization organizations of the European Union. Before the newly accepted specifications of ETSI at W3C and IETF the standard of XML-based electronic signature has been born. The advantages of XML electronic signature are the following: based on web (worldwide usage), more strict rules at using tags (HTML vs. strict XML), plain text, easier portability between databases, standard character set using UTF-8 encoded Unicode characters (this also helps to keep integrity of messages during transformations from one language to another), defining schemas by XSD means so that users can make automatically processable forms (such as at governmental forms), any of the files can be signed digitally by XML electronic signature-creation applications and other applications can verify them easily. The standard of W3C was adopted by IETF and that has issued RFC The basic XML schema of the electronic signature consists of the information to be signed (referenced file), the method of canonicalization (the way of filtering white spaces ), OID of the signature method (e.g. SHA-1 with RSA encryption) and digest method (e.g. SHA-1), and the values of the digest and the signature. Other elements are optional. ETSI has extended the basic set of these tags. ETSI TS (XAdES) has defined several types of XML electronic signature schemas. 5

6 The XAdES satisfies the legal requirements for advanced electronic signatures as defined in the European Directive on electronic signatures. as it is written in the technical specification. Important extensions at XAdES are the value of time stamp and the possibility of attaching other certificates in the certificate chain and CRLs. These are all necessary to archiving digitally signed documents (such as governmental documents). The requirements of archiving electronic invoices in Hungary are fulfilled by the electronic signature of XAdES-A type. Hungarian companies and the government know that XML electronic signature is the key point of electronic government and electronic public administration. Two Hungarian XML signature-creation applications (that are based on ETSI TS and also fulfills the requirements of CWA and CWA and also ETSI TR ) have already been registered as evaluated and qualified application at the National Communications Authority in Hungary. On behalf of interoperability of applications Hungarian experts are following with attention the efforts of ETSI. The results of ETSI plugtests (in several topics) give a good view about the present situations of XAdES or other projects such as IPv6, Java card applications, VoIP, ENUM project. One of the Hungarian vendors of XML electronic signature-creation application had also taken part in the first ETSI XAdES plugtests taking into account the results and consequences of them. The year of 2004 can be expectedly the year of changes in using electronic services related to electronic government and electronic public administration such as by XR which will be enhanced at security by cryptography, but the usage of electronic invoices can also be an important step, and these fields of usage can affect other fields in the future. 3. Pilot projects 3.1. WEB-based pilot projects In the middle of the year 2001 when electronic signature and the idea of a centralized governmental portal was an actual topic (at the birth of the act of the electronic signature) at the predecessor of the Ministry of Informatics and Communications (called Information Technology Government Commissioner (IKB) under the control of Prime Minister s Office). The start of the electronic administration was in the end of The portal which provided the service got the ekormanyzat.hu name. The main features were the motor-vehicle database, firm database and real estate database. The user could initiate searches, queries in these databases. Other related projects have also been started such as Central Electronic Signature System (KEAR), Governmental Document Management System (KIR) but because of political changes these projects have been finished without final results. The new cabinet has continued the work based on the results of the previous governmental period and on new elements and finally the electronic governmental portal has been moved from ekormanyzat.hu to magyarorszag.hu and has its services been extended by other functions such as XR. Nowadays the site has more than 100 thousand visitors a day XR The Hungarian Information Society Strategy involves a chapter about e-government and electronic public administration that is about providing public services to people such as those twenty public services listed in the eeurope documents. The concept of XR (Internet Public Administration Service System) was that instead of having several, insular solutions this one must be a standard central gate to all public services. The XR is a virtual document office which is part of the Hungarian governmental portal. The site has more than 100 thousand visitors a day, and the 30% of them seeks information about administration. The virtual document office started operation in November in The registries came from the Ministry of the Interior so now issuing and renewal of postal address cards, driving licenses, identity cars of personal entrepreneurs, birth certificates, marriage certificates are accessible and also can make appointments with administrators via Internet in connection with identity card, passport. The users can query the registry of motor-vehicle database, firm database or real estate database. The authorized access is secured by using login name and password that are issued to the user after the registration. The number of document offices connected to the XR system is increasing and it is planned to reach the maximum number of 256 in Since the connection to the system is relatively simple, this goal can be achieved. The public services that need personal attendance still need an appointment with the administrator but just once, because all other steps can be managed via Internet such as filling forms, subscribing contracts. 6

7 3.3. IOP In the area of public administration, the communication between parties (e.g. between governmental organizations) needs interoperable standards, data models and communication schemas. The project was under the control of the Ministry of Informatics and Communications [2]. The expectation of the European Union is that all of the member countries must have their own one-window administration solution that must be interoperable with each other. The aims of the project were the declaration of the needed standards, definition of workflows including legal regulation. In the project experts have taken into account the European Union project called IDA (Interchange of Data between Administrations) at accessibility, multilingualism, security, protection of private data, subsidiarity, usage of open standards, usage of open source code application. These tasks need a governmental control therefore the Hungarian Electronic Public Administration Interoperability Framework (MEKIK) became the leader. As the project document says the law must support the interoperability questions of electronic public administration. Most of the interoperability problems were based not just on technology but on management and workflow. During the overall work experts examined solutions, standards in other countries such as in United Kingdom, in Sweden, in Germany, in France, in Denmark, in Australia and in the European Union. The project made suggestions for communication, messages in transactions taking into account the security matters. The technology issues were based on XML (SOAP protocol, XML signature, XML encryption, XSD schemas) and also solutions of the future were mentioned (WSDL, UDDI). The security issue now is fulfilled by login name and password -based client authentication at XR system, but IOP project unambiguously said that security features must be based on PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) technology Local governmental pilot projects Local governments are under the control of the Ministry of the Interior. The overall project of electronic local governments is also the task of Ministry of Informatics and Communications. The aim was that all local government would have access to the Internet until the end of 2003 and the availability of electronic administration would be achieved until 2005 [3]. The front-office of the portal of a local government must provide information for the users, must ensure access to the public administration services, and the back-office must aid the work of governing body. 4. Basic tasks in electronic public administration A necessary prerequisite of introducing the electronic public administration is the survey and documentation of the data and information assets of the important IT systems. In order to reach the goals it is also necessary to identify those workflow elements and process phases which are possible targets of a standardization process. Also, the catalogisation of business processes and objects in the public administration domain is of high importance. During these tasks, the application of standard methods and technologies is a must. The mentioned tasks must be accomplished having the business processes in mind, targeting their modernization and focusing on interoperability. One of the important requirements of an e-government application is to hide the back-office processes, thus allowing one stop services. The e-government applications should be structured in three-tiers, where the first tier consists of the back-office databases and their standard connectors, in the intermediate second tier there are the business processes and regulations. The intermediate tier is the location of the meta-data which may control the administration processes and support the query functions. The third tier implements the front-office functions. According to the experiences of the pilot projects, the following steps are necessary: Concerning the target systems: 1. build the inventory of functions for each system (at least two hierarchical function groups, structured on a function level) 2. define the map of system objects, their description and attributes (1 st level metadictionary) 3. realize the technological description of the managed objects (mode of data management, types, etc.) (2nd level meta dictionary) 4. assess the currently supported business processes (3 rd level meta dictionary) 5. reveal the processes to be supported a. as services for other systems, especially those affecting multiple organizations b. concerning interoperability aspects 6. work out the standard communication layer of the processes to be supported a. rules of base data handling b. communication data model c. schemas of primary data descriptions d. rules of data conversion, specifying the above i. structured data plain text ii. data dictionary for plain text problems 7

8 To support mid and long term standardization efforts: 1. Application of the existent, progressive standards a. From the national standards b. From the International, especially European standards 2. for the standardization of functions, the functional steps which can be derived from the business processes 3. for the objects to be standardized 4. for the applicable standard a. realization methodologies b. technological elements. 5. Summary The technological, social and educational conditions of using electronic government and electronic public administration are given in Hungary. The legal regulation has made the possibility (and also made decisions about commitments) of the future usage of electronic administration such as using digitally signed documents, electronic invoices, contracts, using governmental portal and filling in electronic forms on the Internet via a browser by unambiguously identified and authenticated users. The base system of the electronic government and electronic public administration is running on the governmental portal called XR, the interconnection of governmental organizations such as local governments, databases of the Ministry of Interior is achieved via broadband access to the Internet. The generation of increasing computer and Internet penetration is based on governmental projects supported by the Ministry of Informatics and Communications. The matter of future is the enhancing of the existing systems in electronic government and electronic public administration such as XR. Security and interoperability questions must be solved to have services that fulfill the requirements of standards and eeurope. 6. References [1] Hungarian Information Society Strategy, [2] IOP, ekik [3] Local Government Projects, ormanyzat_pri_doc_v1 [4] P. Risztics, Sz. Szigeti, Zs. Sikolya: Keynote: Transition to IPv6 in e-government Networks Conference of e-gov Day 2004: State of Art, Vienna- Budapest, of March, Proceedings pp., Austrian Computer Society, 8