Current Trends in UPS Technology. Fly Wheels

Transcription

1 Current Trends in UPS Technology Fly Wheels 1

2 Current Trends in UPS Technology Fly Wheels PowerThru (Phillips Service Industries, Inc.), formerly known as Pentadyne Active Power Vycon Energy Caterpillar Electric Power 2

3 Current Trends in UPS Technology Fly Wheels Low Speed More mass means more energy Double mass = double energy Low-speed 1800 to 8000RPM High Speed More energy by higher rpm Double rpm = quadruple energy High-speed to 55000RPM 3

4 Current Trends in UPS Technology Fly Wheel Applications Power Protection Battery Hardening Ride through to Generator Two Year Study, 300 Sites, 24 Utilities 97.2% under 30 sec. 96.3% under 10 sec. 93.0% Under 2 sec 10 to 30s 0.5% 0.5 to 1 min 0.3% 1 to 2 min 0.9% 2 min to 8 hours 2.1% Under 10 Sec 96.3% EPRI Distribution Power Quality Study

5 Flywheel UPS Parallel Online Architecture Static Bypass Harmonic Current» Most energy efficient UPS up to 98% efficient» Power dense twice the power in half the space» Highly reliable source» Environmentally friendly 5

6 Current Trends in UPS Technology Fly Wheels - Run Times 6

7 Current Trends in UPS Technology UPS and Flywheel Configurations Gen 7

8 Current Trends in UPS Technology UPS Flywheel and Battery (Battery Hardening) Gen 8

9 Current Trends in UPS Technology Multi Module / Parallel Configurations Gen Gen 9

10 Current Trends in UPS Technology Other Trends 10

11 Current Trends in UPS Technology Other Trends Compressed Air ActivePower has dropped the concept Utility Scale Storage is still being pursued

12 Current Trends in UPS Technology Other Trends Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) 12

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14 Real Time Power Monitoring enhance maintenance of power quality and system availability battery monitoring systems advanced private meters more accurately measure real power consumption building s power supply power conditioners load banks UPS Evaluation Report Released, Aug 10, 2009, EC&M Magazine 14

15 high-tech SCADA systems control the power flow to a building based on events in the public utility grid automatically change the amount of power consumption in a building capable of onsite generation of its own smart grid solutions communicate with utility so the facility can react to certain outages facility sensors ping the utility that they are active and stable, and if there are problems can dispatch utility crews for repairs UPS Evaluation Report Released, Aug 10, 2009, EC&M Magazine 15

16 High Performance Computing (HPC) 16

17 High Performance Computing (HPC) Loads 32kW per rack liquid cooled 2,000 W per equipment SF 8 kw per rack air cooled 500 W per equipment SF 17

18 High Performance Computing (HPC) 18

19 High Performance Computing (HPC) 19

20 High Performance Computing (HPC) 20

21 Other Current Trends in Data Centers High Performance Computing (HPC) 21

22 High Performance Computing (HPC) 22

23 80 Plus Computer Power Supplies 23

24 80 Plus The 80 PLUS performance specification requires power supplies in computers and servers to be 80% or greater energy efficient. This makes an 80 PLUS certified power supply more than 33% more efficient than current power supplies. 24

25 80 Plus Computer Power Supplies 25

26 80 Plus Computer Power Supplies 26

27 80 Plus Computer Power Supplies 27

28 80 Plus Computer Power Supplies + + ASHRAE, Datacom Equipment Power Trends and Cooling Applications, Chapter June 3, Fig 5, New ASHRAE updated and expanded power trend chart, 2005 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 28

29 Putting these efficiencies together: Using the higher efficiencies of the different conversion steps from facility entry AC to the processor: Step Down Transformer (99.5%) AC UPS (95%) [12-pulse] Computer Power Supply (90%) [80Plus Gold] Point of load converter (98%) Step Down Transformer (99.5%) x AC UPS (95%) x Computer Power Supply (90%) x Point of Load Converter (98%) = 83% Versus 58%, this is a 43% improvement in efficiency 29

30 80 Plus Computer Power Supplies 30

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32 Fuel Cells 32

33 Fuel Cells 400 kw 471 kva 480 V, 60 Hz, 3-wire Electrical Efficiency: >40% initial >38% 10-year average 33

34 Fuel Cells The PureCell system Model 400 is a stationary phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) powerplant intended for distributed generation (DG) and combined heat and power (CHP) applications Power Factor Range (at nominal line voltage) 0.85 lag/lead to 1.0 (adjustable) 0.85 leading to ±5% line 0.9% lag at +5% line. Heat Recovery Characteristics low-grade (LG) heating delivered at up to 190ºF high-grade (HG) heating delivered at up to 250ºF 34

35 Fuel Cells 35

36 Fuel Cells Unlike a battery which has a finite capacity (before requiring recharge), a fuel cell can operate as long as it is supplied with fuel runtime is only limited to the number of hydrogen tanks that can be physically (and economically) stored on site. Since a fuel cell takes some time to start before it can take on the critical load, a power-bridging technology is required (such as a battery, flywheel, or ultracapacitor) as part of the entire solution. Advantages: Disadvantages: Clean no hazardous materials Silent and vibration free Lightweight and compact Few moving parts Does not eliminate need for bridging technology Complex site preparation to accommodate High cost of processing, transporting, storing hydrogen (or other) fuel Comparing Data Center Batteries, Flywheels, and Ultracapacitors; 36

37 Questions 37

38 References: 1. Forbs.com, Commentary, Data Centers Aren't All The Same, Kenneth G. Brill, , Maximizing UPS Availability, Chris Loeffler,WP January IEEE , Recommended Practice for the Design of Reliable Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (Gold Book), 2007 IEEE aspx, Quality and Reliability Power failures can ruin reputations and bottom lines, Dan Rafter, Distributed Energy Magazine, Tuesday, May 01, 2012, 5. The Uptime Institute, 6. EPRI Distribution Power Quality Report RP , April The Power of Green: Mitsubishi 9900A Series High Efficiency True On-Line Double Conversion Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS), Mitsubishi Electric Power Products Inc., Dean Richards BEng (Hons) CEng MIET, Junichiro Onishi BEc (Hons) Document: DRJO-TP1rev1, December 17, What Will the Data Center of the Future Look Like?, Paul Rubens, 2011, Internet.com, a division of QuinStreet, Inc. 38

39 References: Seconds Flywheel Reserve or 15 Minutes Battery Reserve? The reliability difference, D. DeCoster, Mission Critical West Inc., UPS Evaluation Report Released, Aug 10, 2009, EC&M Magazine, 11. Roadmap for Public Interest Research for High-Performance Data Centers William Tschudi, Tengfang Xu, Dale Sartor, and Jay Stein E Source Building Technologies Department Environmental Energy Technologies Division Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory University of California 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley, California USA, LBNL High Performance Buildings: Data Centers Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS), December, 2005 My Ton, Ecos Consulting, Portland, Oregon; Brian Fortenbury, EPRI Solutions Knoxville, TN; December, 2005, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's (LBNL); Blade Server Power Solutions: Cabinet Level Power Distribution Solutions for High Density Cabinets, High Density Cabinet Power Solutions, February 22, 2006, White Paper STI , 2006Server Technology Inc., all right reserved, Steve Fairfax of MTechnology, Inc., 7X24 Conference Nov

40 References: 15. Flywheels Gain as Alternative to Batteries, Rich Miller, June 26th, Comparing Data Center Batteries, Flywheels, and Ultracapacitors, Stephen McCluer and Jean-Francois Christin, Schneider Electric, A Quantitative Comparison of High Efficiency AC vs. DC Power Distribution for Data Centers, Neil Rasmussen and James Spitaels, Schneider Electric, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Advanced Underground Compressed Air Energy Storage, Kimberly Nuhfer, Kevin F Swartz, October 2011; ARRA Energy Storage Demonstrations, Sandia National Laboratories, retrieved April 13, 2012; 40

41 References: 41

42 References: 42