6 Thermal Comfort. i. The total metabolic rate for this person is determined by multiplying the specific metabolic rate by the body surface area (A)

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "6 Thermal Comfort. i. The total metabolic rate for this person is determined by multiplying the specific metabolic rate by the body surface area (A)"

Transcription

1 6 Thermal Comfort 6.1 A person working in a factory (heavy machine work, 2.4 met), wearing a light working suit (0.75 clo). Assume a body work Efficiency 1"]=15%; Determine the heat loss and the muscle power output (yv). Compare these results with those determined for his state when he returns home while reclining on his sun-bed (0.8 met, Efficiency 1"]=3%), Justify any assumption required. Ans (37 W,211 W; 2W,79 W) i. The total metabolic rate for this person is determined by multiplying the specific metabolic rate by the body surface area (A) convert 2.4 met to 140 W/m2 M = 140 x 1.77 = Walts By definition the efficiency of the body is 1"] = W/M, Hence the rate of work is found as: W = 1"] x M = 0.15 x = 37 Walts The total heat loss Q = M - W = = 210 Walts ii. When silting on the sun-bed, similar procedure as that in (a) is used, hence: M = 46 x 1.77 = 81.4 W (33%, of the value calculated in part i) For this case, efficiency =3%, hence W = 0.03 x 81.4 = 2.4 W (6.5%, of the value calculated in part i) Q = M - W = 79 W (37%, of the value calculated in part i)

2 6.2 Determine the latent heat losses by category, for a person engaged in a Heavy machining (M=139.2 W/m2) in an ambient where the air temperature is 23 C and the relative humidity is 50%. Assume skin temperature of 34 C and physical efficiency of 10%. Ans (10.9 W, 28.2 W, 12.8 W) The partial pressure of water vapour is determined first: xtdb 17.27x23 p, = <I>xO.6105xe t" = 0.5xO.6105xe = 1404 Pa Heat loss by diffusion qd = 3.05x1 0-3X ( 256 ts Ps ) = 3.05x1 0-3 x(256x ) = 10.9 W/m2 Heat loss by evaporation qe = 0.42 (M - W ) = 0.42 ( x ) = 28.2W/m2 Heat loss by respiration qres = M (34 - t db ) x1 0-5X M ( Ps ) = x139.2(34-23) x1 0-5X ( ) = 12.8 W/m2 Hence total latent heat is the sum of all three parts found above, times the body surface area: QL = 1.77 [ ] = 92 W

3 6.3 Determine the heat release by convection from a human body (Assume clothing factor of 1.0 clo, body (clothed) temperature is 34 C, and air temperature 24 C) for two situations: (a) When the average air velocity is 0.5 m/s (b) In a draft free room. Ans (182W, 90W) (a) at 0.5 mis, the convection coefficient, hc = 12.1 V0 5 = 12.1 (0.5) 5 = W/m2K The clothing factor fel = lei = x1 = 1.2 The convection heat loss Qc = hc fel A (tel -tal = 8.556x 1.2 X 1.77 X (34-24) = 182 Walts (b) For free convection, ie when the air velocity is zero The convection coefficient he = 2.38 ( tel _ta)025 = 2.38 (34-24 )025 = 4.23W/m2K The convection heat loss Qc = hc fel A (tel -tal = 4.23x 1.2 X 1.77 X ( 34-24) = 90 Walts

4 6.4 Determine the radiant heat transfer from the human body for two situations: i. Clothing factor = 0 clo, body temperature is 36 C; and the dry bulb temperature of the air is 24 C, ii. Clothing factor = 1.0 clo, body (clothed) temperature is 32 C; and the dry bulb temperature of the air is 24 C Ans (82.8W, 63.5W) (a) Since lei = 0 clo The clothing factor Fel = lei = 1.0 The radiant heat loss Qr = hr fel A (tel -tal = 3.90x 1 X 1.77 X (36-24) = 82.8 Walts (b) Since lei = 1.0 clo The clothing factor Fel = lei = 1.15 The convection heat loss Qr = hr fel A (tel - tal = 3.90x 1.15 X 1.77 X ( ) = 63.5 Walts

5 6.S Determine the Comfort temperature for personnel in a factory (Medium Activity level 1.6 met), under the following conditions: i. in winter condition with clo = 1.S; and ii. in summer time with clo = O.S Ans (14.6 C, 22.2 C) The Comfort Temperature te~m : te~m = 33.S - 3 lei - ( MIA )[ O.OS lei 1 i. For winter time, the comfort temperature is determined: M = 1.6 met = 93 W/m2 te = 33.S -3x1.S - 93( Sx1.S) = 14.S8 c ii. For summer time, the comfort temperature is determined: te = 33.S -3xO.S - 93( SxO.S) = c

6 6.6 Investigate the rate of heat dissipation by respiration with the change of ambient dry bulb temperature tdb varying between 5 and 30 C for a person walking gently ( metabolic rate per unit body area of 69.6 W/m2). Assume relative humidity of 50%, barometric pressure of 1 bar. Ans. (complete in tabular form) The partial pressure of water vapour is determined first: xtdb x5 p, = <I>xO.6105xe t" = 0.5xO.6105xe ' = 436 Pa The heat loss by respiration is : qres = M ( 34 - tdb ) x1 0-5X M ( Ps ) qres = x69.6(34-5) x1 0-5X 69.6 ( ) = W/m2 The total heat loss by respiration: Q res = 1.77 x = W Repeat calculations for tdb =10-30 C Dry bulb temperature tdb Vapour pressure P s Respiration C kpa W heat loss Q res

7 6.7 Investigate the rate of heat dissipation by convection for a male runner with the change of running at an average speed of 4 m/s if the air temperature varies between C. Assume an average clothes temperature of 34 C, and clothing factor of 0.5clo. Ans (@10 C, 1130 W) At V > 0 hc = 12.1 Va 0.5 = 12.1 X 4 5 = 24.2 fel = lei = xO.5= 1.1 Qc = hc fel A (tel.-ta) = X dt Ta Convection heat loss,qe C (W)

8 6.8 Investigate the rate of heat dissipation by radiation for a person sunbathing in the nude with the variation of the air temperature ( c ). Assume an average body temperature of 35 C, and that only half the body area (0.9 m 2 ) is exposed to radiative heat loss. Ans (@20 C, 52.65W) The clothing factor (nude) fel = lei = 1.0 the radiant heat coefficient: hr =3.9 W/m2K A = 0.9 m 2 The radiant heat loss is found using Qr = hr fel A (tel -tal =3.9 X 1 X 0.9 x(35-ta) = 3.51 X dt Ta Radiation heat loss Qrad C W

CHAPTER 3. The sun and the seasons. Locating the position of the sun

CHAPTER 3. The sun and the seasons. Locating the position of the sun zenith 90 summer solstice 75 equinox 52 winter solstice 29 altitude angles observer Figure 3.1: Solar noon altitude angles for Melbourne SOUTH winter midday shadow WEST summer midday shadow summer EAST

More information

Module 1 : Conduction. Lecture 5 : 1D conduction example problems. 2D conduction

Module 1 : Conduction. Lecture 5 : 1D conduction example problems. 2D conduction Module 1 : Conduction Lecture 5 : 1D conduction example problems. 2D conduction Objectives In this class: An example of optimization for insulation thickness is solved. The 1D conduction is considered

More information

Humid Air. Water vapor in air. Trace Glasses 1% Argon (A) Water vapor (H 2

Humid Air. Water vapor in air. Trace Glasses 1% Argon (A) Water vapor (H 2 Humid Air Water vapor in air Oxygen 21% Trace Glasses 1% Argon (A) Water vapor (H 2 O) Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Neon (Ne) Helium (He) Krypton (Kr) Hydrogen (H) Ozone (O 3 ) Nitrogen 78% Humid Air Water vapor

More information

Comparing Air Cooler Ratings Part 1: Not All Rating Methods are Created Equal

Comparing Air Cooler Ratings Part 1: Not All Rating Methods are Created Equal Technical Bulletin By Bruce I. Nelson, P.E., President, Colmac Coil Manufacturing, Inc. Comparing Air Cooler Ratings Part 1: Not All Rating Methods are Created Equal SUMMARY Refrigeration air coolers (evaporators)

More information

EVALUATION OF THE PMV THERMAL COMFORT INDEX IN OUTDOOR WEATHER CONDITIONS JuYoun Kwon and Ken Parsons

EVALUATION OF THE PMV THERMAL COMFORT INDEX IN OUTDOOR WEATHER CONDITIONS JuYoun Kwon and Ken Parsons EVALUATION OF THE THERMAL COMFORT INDEX IN OUTDOOR WEATHER CONDITIONS JuYoun Kwon and Ken Parsons Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, U.K. LE11

More information

Temperature and Humidity

Temperature and Humidity Temperature and Humidity Overview Water vapor is a very important gas in the atmosphere and can influence many things like condensation and the formation of clouds and rain, as well as how hot or cold

More information

Coupling Forced Convection in Air Gaps with Heat and Moisture Transfer inside Constructions

Coupling Forced Convection in Air Gaps with Heat and Moisture Transfer inside Constructions Coupling Forced Convection in Air Gaps with Heat and Moisture Transfer inside Constructions M. Bianchi Janetti 1, F. Ochs 1 and R. Pfluger 1 1 University of Innsbruck, Unit for Energy Efficient Buildings,

More information

EVALUATION OF PERSONAL COOLING SYSTEMS FOR SOLDIERS Elizabeth A. McCullough and Steve Eckels

EVALUATION OF PERSONAL COOLING SYSTEMS FOR SOLDIERS Elizabeth A. McCullough and Steve Eckels EVALUATION OF PERSONAL COOLING SYSTEMS FOR SOLDIERS Elizabeth A. McCullough and Steve Eckels Institute for Environmental Research, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA INTRODUCTION Contact

More information

Heat Stress Check List

Heat Stress Check List Heat Stress Check List This check list is only to be used when conducting a heat stress risk assessment it should not be used for the purposes of a thermal comfort risk assessment. Risk Assessment Work

More information

Optimum Solar Orientation: Miami, Florida

Optimum Solar Orientation: Miami, Florida Optimum Solar Orientation: Miami, Florida The orientation of architecture in relation to the sun is likely the most significant connection that we can make to place in regards to energy efficiency. In

More information

Iterative calculation of the heat transfer coefficient

Iterative calculation of the heat transfer coefficient Iterative calculation of the heat transfer coefficient D.Roncati Progettazione Ottica Roncati, via Panfilio, 17 44121 Ferrara Aim The plate temperature of a cooling heat sink is an important parameter

More information

ASHRAE STANDARD. Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy. BSR/ASHRAE Standard 55P -1992R. Proposed American National Standard

ASHRAE STANDARD. Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy. BSR/ASHRAE Standard 55P -1992R. Proposed American National Standard BSR/ASHRAE Standard 55P -1992R This draft standard will be submitted to the American National Standards Institute Board of Standards Review (BSR) for approval. ASHRAE STANDARD Proposed American National

More information

Date Issued: Page No.: Document No.: August 2002 1 SOP-Safety-01. 3.0 Working in Hot Environments

Date Issued: Page No.: Document No.: August 2002 1 SOP-Safety-01. 3.0 Working in Hot Environments August 2002 1 SOP-Safety-01 1. Introduction: The Environmental Health & Safety Standard Operating Procedure for working in hot environments was developed by the Department of Environmental Health & Safety

More information

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Using a Heated Manikin 1

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Using a Heated Manikin 1 Designation: F 1291 04 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Using a Heated Manikin 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1291; the number immediately

More information

Opening the Bonnet. Prof Darren Woolf WYSINWYG 1

Opening the Bonnet. Prof Darren Woolf WYSINWYG 1 Opening the Bonnet Prof Darren Woolf WYSINWYG 1 WYSINWYG What You See Is NOT What You Get: Looking inside the Pandora s Box Prof Darren Woolf WYSINWYG 2 WYSIWYG implies a user interface that allows the

More information

Chapter 3.4: HVAC & Refrigeration System

Chapter 3.4: HVAC & Refrigeration System Chapter 3.4: HVAC & Refrigeration System Part I: Objective type questions and answers 1. One ton of refrigeration (TR) is equal to. a) Kcal/h b) 3.51 kw c) 120oo BTU/h d) all 2. The driving force for refrigeration

More information

Diego Ibarra Christoph Reinhart Harvard Graduate School of Design

Diego Ibarra Christoph Reinhart Harvard Graduate School of Design Building Performance Simulation for Designers - Energy DesignBuilder // EnergyPlus Tutorial #2 Load Schedules GEOMETRY LOADS RESULTS Diego Ibarra Christoph Reinhart Harvard Graduate School of Design OVERVIEW

More information

Heat Stress: Defining, Evaluating and Preventing. Glenn E. Lamson CIH OSHA Health Response Team 2012 OSHA Oil & Gas Safety Conference

Heat Stress: Defining, Evaluating and Preventing. Glenn E. Lamson CIH OSHA Health Response Team 2012 OSHA Oil & Gas Safety Conference Heat Stress: Defining, Evaluating and Preventing Glenn E. Lamson CIH OSHA Health Response Team 2012 OSHA Oil & Gas Safety Conference Defining Heat Stress The net heat load that a worker is exposed to from

More information

Greenhouse Cooling. Why is Cooling Needed?

Greenhouse Cooling. Why is Cooling Needed? Greenhouse Cooling Why is Cooling Needed? Solar radiation is the heat input for the earth can radiate as much as 277 Btu/ft 2 /hr onto the surface of the earth on summer s day in coastal and industrial

More information

Chapter 12. Temperature Regulation. Temperature Regulation. Heat Balance. An Overview of Heat Balance. Temperature Regulation. Temperature Regulation

Chapter 12. Temperature Regulation. Temperature Regulation. Heat Balance. An Overview of Heat Balance. Temperature Regulation. Temperature Regulation Chapter 12 Body core temperature regulation Critical for: Cellular structures Metabolic pathways Too high Protein structure of cells destroyed Too low Slowed metabolism Cardiac arrhythmias Homeothermic

More information

How To Design A Room Air Conditioning System

How To Design A Room Air Conditioning System Comparison of HVAC Technology in Buildings Conventional HVAC Technology Bauer Optimising Technology The Differences Room environment (Occupant Comfort) Energy Consumption Architecture Air flows in a room

More information

Forms of Energy. Freshman Seminar

Forms of Energy. Freshman Seminar Forms of Energy Freshman Seminar Energy Energy The ability & capacity to do work Energy can take many different forms Energy can be quantified Law of Conservation of energy In any change from one form

More information

Chapter 2 Indoor Air Standards and Models

Chapter 2 Indoor Air Standards and Models Chapter 2 Indoor Air Standards and Models 2.1 Indoor Air Standards 2.1.1 Introduction This chapter aims to reveal the main standards applicable for indoor environments at international level. Specifically,

More information

HVAC Calculations and Duct Sizing

HVAC Calculations and Duct Sizing PDH Course M199 HVAC Calculations and Duct Sizing Gary D. Beckfeld, M.S.E., P.E. 2007 PDH Center 2410 Dakota Lakes Drive Herndon, VA 20171-2995 Phone: 703-478-6833 Fax: 703-481-9535 www.pdhcenter.com An

More information

CHAPTER 3. BUILDING THERMAL LOAD ESTIMATION

CHAPTER 3. BUILDING THERMAL LOAD ESTIMATION CHAPTER 3. BUILDING THERMAL LOAD ESTIMATION 3.1 Purpose of Thermal Load Estimation 3.2 Heating Load versus Cooling Load 3.3 Critical Conditions for Design 3.4 Manual versus Computer Calculations 3.5 Heating

More information

COURSE TITLE : REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING COURSE CODE : 4029 COURSECATEGORY : A PERIODS/WEEK : 5 PERIODS/SEMESTER : 90 CREDITS : 4 OBJECTIVES

COURSE TITLE : REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING COURSE CODE : 4029 COURSECATEGORY : A PERIODS/WEEK : 5 PERIODS/SEMESTER : 90 CREDITS : 4 OBJECTIVES COURSE TITLE : REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING COURSE CODE : 4029 COURSECATEGORY : A PERIODS/WEEK : 5 PERIODS/SEMESTER : 90 CREDITS : 4 TIME SCHEDULE MODULE TOPICS PERIODS 1 Introduction 22 Principles

More information

Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations

Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Address: Rue Washington 40 1050 Brussels Belgium www.rehva.eu info@rehva.eu Tel: +32 2 514 11 71 Fax: +32 2 512 90 62 Use of

More information

We have been working in an ideal climate for thirty years.

We have been working in an ideal climate for thirty years. Underfloor cooling We have been working in an ideal climate for thirty years. A climate that has brought us to a position of leadership in Italy in the field of radiant heating and cooling. RDZ was the

More information

Engine Heat Transfer. Engine Heat Transfer

Engine Heat Transfer. Engine Heat Transfer Engine Heat Transfer 1. Impact of heat transfer on engine operation 2. Heat transfer environment 3. Energy flow in an engine 4. Engine heat transfer Fundamentals Spark-ignition engine heat transfer Diesel

More information

Figure 1 - Unsteady-State Heat Conduction in a One-dimensional Slab

Figure 1 - Unsteady-State Heat Conduction in a One-dimensional Slab The Numerical Method of Lines for Partial Differential Equations by Michael B. Cutlip, University of Connecticut and Mordechai Shacham, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev The method of lines is a general

More information

Energy Pathways in Earth s Atmosphere

Energy Pathways in Earth s Atmosphere BRSP - 10 Page 1 Solar radiation reaching Earth s atmosphere includes a wide spectrum of wavelengths. In addition to visible light there is radiation of higher energy and shorter wavelength called ultraviolet

More information

Protecting Yourself from. Heat Stress

Protecting Yourself from. Heat Stress Fast Facts Heat stress, from exertion or hot environments, places workers at risk for illnesses such as heat stroke, heat exhaustion, or heat cramps. Heat Stroke A condition that occurs when the body becomes

More information

COOLING AND HEATING OF BUILDINGS BY ACTIVATING THEIR THERMAL MASS WITH EMBEDDED HYDRONIC PIPE SYSTEMS -

COOLING AND HEATING OF BUILDINGS BY ACTIVATING THEIR THERMAL MASS WITH EMBEDDED HYDRONIC PIPE SYSTEMS - pcoolingandheating COOLING AND HEATING OF BUILDINGS BY ACTIVATING THEIR THERMAL MASS WITH EMBEDDED HYDRONIC PIPE SYSTEMS - Bjarne W. Olesen, Ph.D. D. F. Liedelt "Velta" Summary Due to intensive use of

More information

How To Determine The Fuel Use Impact Of Air Conditioning

How To Determine The Fuel Use Impact Of Air Conditioning 2--97 Fuel Used for Vehicle Air Conditioning: A State-by-State Thermal Comfort-Based Approach Copyright 2 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. Valerie H. Johnson National Renewable Energy Laboratory ABSTRACT

More information

Natural Convection. Buoyancy force

Natural Convection. Buoyancy force Natural Convection In natural convection, the fluid motion occurs by natural means such as buoyancy. Since the fluid velocity associated with natural convection is relatively low, the heat transfer coefficient

More information

HEATING OF DOMESTIC OUTDOOR SWIMMING POOLS

HEATING OF DOMESTIC OUTDOOR SWIMMING POOLS HEATING OF DOMESTIC OUTDOOR SWIMMING POOLS INTRODUCTION 1. There are no general EU regulations and standards for outdoor swimming pool heating. Local regulations in the member countries are covering most

More information

CHAPTER 2 Energy and Earth

CHAPTER 2 Energy and Earth CHAPTER 2 Energy and Earth This chapter is concerned with the nature of energy and how it interacts with Earth. At this stage we are looking at energy in an abstract form though relate it to how it affect

More information

TEXTILE FABRICS AS THERMAL INSULATORS

TEXTILE FABRICS AS THERMAL INSULATORS TEXTILE FABRICS AS THERMAL INSULATORS Zeinab S. Abdel-Rehim 1, M. M. Saad 2, M. El-Shakankery 2 and I. Hanafy 3 1 Mechanical Engineering Department of the National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt 2

More information

ROOFTOP - HEAT PUMP UNIT. This document applies when installing into an air handler or as part of an air handling system.

ROOFTOP - HEAT PUMP UNIT. This document applies when installing into an air handler or as part of an air handling system. ROOFTOP - HEAT PUMP UNIT Technical data Applies to Model YNRA R410A This document applies when installing into an air handler or as part of an air handling system. CONTENTS 1. General description... 2

More information

DEA 350: HUMAN FACTORS: THE AMBIENT ENVIRONMENT (Spring 2008) HOMEWORK I PRINT THIS OUT AND HAND IT IN BY THE DUE DATE. [5 points per answer]

DEA 350: HUMAN FACTORS: THE AMBIENT ENVIRONMENT (Spring 2008) HOMEWORK I PRINT THIS OUT AND HAND IT IN BY THE DUE DATE. [5 points per answer] DEA 350: HUMAN FACTORS: THE AMBIENT ENVIRONMENT (Spring 2008) NAME: HOMEWORK I PRINT THIS OUT AND HAND IT IN BY THE DUE DATE Due Date: February 28th in class NOTE: Consult the course text and readings

More information

Under sill units. Type FSL-B-ZAS

Under sill units. Type FSL-B-ZAS .1 X X testregistrierung Under sill units Type, heat recovery Centrifugal fan Adaptive heat recovery damper HYGIENISCH GETESTET V DI 022 Tested to VDI 022 Secondary air unit for supply air and extract

More information

Lecture 9, Thermal Notes, 3.054

Lecture 9, Thermal Notes, 3.054 Lecture 9, Thermal Notes, 3.054 Thermal Properties of Foams Closed cell foams widely used for thermal insulation Only materials with lower conductivity are aerogels (tend to be brittle and weak) and vacuum

More information

Understanding Plastics Engineering Calculations

Understanding Plastics Engineering Calculations Natti S. Rao Nick R. Schott Understanding Plastics Engineering Calculations Hands-on Examples and Case Studies Sample Pages from Chapters 4 and 6 ISBNs 978--56990-509-8-56990-509-6 HANSER Hanser Publishers,

More information

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 343:2003 PROTECTION AGAINST RAIN

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 343:2003 PROTECTION AGAINST RAIN EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 343:2003 PROTECTION AGAINST RAIN Published by W. L. Gore & Associates Editorial support Petra Jackisch, Zentrum für Sicherheitstechnik, Erkrath, Germany Suitable protection against

More information

Managing Heat Stress in Poultry

Managing Heat Stress in Poultry Managing Heat Stress in Poultry Amy E. Halls, Monogastric Nutritionist Shur-Gain, Nutreco Canada Inc. Heat stress has several serious and economical effects on poultry. In broilers and turkeys, it can

More information

Building and Environment

Building and Environment Building and Environment xxx (21) 1e9 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Building and Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/buildenv Swimming pools as heat sinks for air conditioners:

More information

Frost Damage of Roof Tiles in Relatively Warm Areas in Japan

Frost Damage of Roof Tiles in Relatively Warm Areas in Japan Frost Damage of Roof Tiles in Relatively Warm Areas in Japan Influence of Surface Finish on Water Penetration Chiemi IBA Hokkaido Research Organization, Japan Shuichi HOKOI Kyoto University, Japan INTRODUCTION

More information

Product Data. Thermal Comfort Data Logger Type 1221. Including Application Software Type 7301

Product Data. Thermal Comfort Data Logger Type 1221. Including Application Software Type 7301 Product Data Thermal Comfort Data Logger Type 1221 Including Application Software Type 7301 USES: For measuring all physical parameters necessary to evaluate heat stress and thermal comfort For evaluating

More information

Fact Sheet: Working in hot temperatures

Fact Sheet: Working in hot temperatures Fact Sheet: Working in hot temperatures Why is working in the heat bad for your health? Human beings need to maintain a constant body temperature if they are to stay healthy. Working in high temperatures

More information

Risk Assessment for the Prevention of Heat Stroke at Work

Risk Assessment for the Prevention of Heat Stroke at Work Risk Assessment for the Prevention of Heat Stroke at Work This booklet is prepared by the Occupational Safety and Health Branch Labour Department This edition March 2009 qüáë=äççâäéí=áë=áëëìéç=ñêéé=çñ=åü~êöé=~åç=å~å=äé=çäí~áåéç=ñêçã=çññáåéë=çñ

More information

Heat and Temperature: Front End Evaluation Report. Joshua Gutwill. October 1999

Heat and Temperature: Front End Evaluation Report. Joshua Gutwill. October 1999 Heat and Temperature: Front End Evaluation Report Joshua Gutwill October 1999 Keywords: 1 Heat and Temperature Front End Evaluation Report October 28, 1999 Goal:

More information

Eco Pelmet Modelling and Assessment. CFD Based Study. Report Number 610.14351-R1D1. 13 January 2015

Eco Pelmet Modelling and Assessment. CFD Based Study. Report Number 610.14351-R1D1. 13 January 2015 EcoPelmet Pty Ltd c/- Geoff Hesford Engineering 45 Market Street FREMANTLE WA 6160 Version: Page 2 PREPARED BY: ABN 29 001 584 612 2 Lincoln Street Lane Cove NSW 2066 Australia (PO Box 176 Lane Cove NSW

More information

Home Energy Evaluation Report

Home Energy Evaluation Report Home Energy Evaluation Report Nate Begeman, 1550 Saint Francis Dr San Jose, CA 95125 Air Infiltration Current Air Leakage 2,852 Current Air Changes Per Hour 0.91 Recommended Air Changes Per Hour 0.35 Percent

More information

Effect of High-albedo Materials on Pedestrian Thermal Sensation in Urban Street Canyons in Hot Climates

Effect of High-albedo Materials on Pedestrian Thermal Sensation in Urban Street Canyons in Hot Climates Effect of High-albedo Materials on Pedestrian Thermal Sensation in Urban Street Canyons in Hot Climates EVYATAR ERELL 1, DANIEL BONEH 2, DAVID PEARLMUTTER 1 and PUA BAR-KUTIEL 2 1 Blaustein Institutes

More information

IR Edixeon Emitter. 1W Edixeon

IR Edixeon Emitter. 1W Edixeon High Power LED 1W Edixeon IR Edixeon Emitter Date:2006/06/01 Version:2.0 Device No. : 3-RD-01-E0009 Believe SRL Via Lago di Trasimeno, 21 - Schio (VI) - Italy TEL: +39/0445/579035 FAX: +39/0445/575708

More information

Thermal environments. www.swema.com swema@swema.com Tel. +46 8 94 00 90

Thermal environments. www.swema.com swema@swema.com Tel. +46 8 94 00 90 ISO 7730 Moderate Thermal Environments Thermal environments Swema equipment for the measurement of Moderate Thermal Environments is designed to comply with the standards: ISO7726 - Thermal environments

More information

Cooling Load Calculations and Principles

Cooling Load Calculations and Principles Cooling Load Calculations and Principles Course No: M06-004 Credit: 6 PDH A. Bhatia Continuing Education and Development, Inc. 9 Greyridge Farm Court Stony Point, NY 10980 P: (877) 322-5800 F: (877) 322-4774

More information

Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations

Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Address: Rue Washington 40 1050 Brussels Belgium www.rehva.eu info@rehva.eu Tel: +32 2 514 11 71 Fax: +32 2 512 90 62 Use of

More information

INFO HTK. Hybrid dry cooler. The reference for hybrid dry cooling. 100 4,000 kw

INFO HTK. Hybrid dry cooler. The reference for hybrid dry cooling. 100 4,000 kw INFO HTK Hybrid dry cooler The reference for hybrid dry cooling 4, kw JAEGGI The Original Since 929, JAEGGI has been engaged in the development, production and sale of heat exchangers. Since 995, the company

More information

Thermal Insulation of the Clothing 2 nd Royal Hungarian Army in Winter Campaign in the Light of Thermal Manikin Measurements

Thermal Insulation of the Clothing 2 nd Royal Hungarian Army in Winter Campaign in the Light of Thermal Manikin Measurements Thermal Insulation of the Clothing 2 nd Royal Hungarian Army in Winter Campaign in the Light of Thermal Manikin Measurements Zoltán Magyar 1, Tamás Révai 2 1 Budapest University of Technology and Economics

More information

CLIMATE ENERGY INDEX AND BUILDING ENERGY INDEX: NEW INDICES TO ASSESS AND BENCHMARK BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE

CLIMATE ENERGY INDEX AND BUILDING ENERGY INDEX: NEW INDICES TO ASSESS AND BENCHMARK BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE CLIMATE ENERGY INDEX AND BUILDING ENERGY INDEX: NEW INDICES TO ASSESS AND BENCHMARK BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE Don McLean, Ya Roderick, Richard Quincey, David McEwan, Integrated Environmental Solutions

More information

Energy savings in commercial refrigeration. Low pressure control

Energy savings in commercial refrigeration. Low pressure control Energy savings in commercial refrigeration equipment : Low pressure control August 2011/White paper by Christophe Borlein AFF and l IIF-IIR member Make the most of your energy Summary Executive summary

More information

Performance ratio. Contents. Quality factor for the PV plant

Performance ratio. Contents. Quality factor for the PV plant Performance ratio Quality factor for the PV plant Contents The performance ratio is one of the most important variables for evaluating the efficiency of a PV plant. Specifically, the performance ratio

More information

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 3, CE 427 DRYING OF SOLIDS

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 3, CE 427 DRYING OF SOLIDS Revised 10/00 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 3, CE 427 DRYING OF SOLIDS Introduction Material covered here pertains to Chapter 24 of M,S&H. Please read relevant sections of this chapter. Drying involves

More information

Modelling the Drying of Porous Coal Particles in Superheated Steam

Modelling the Drying of Porous Coal Particles in Superheated Steam B. A. OLUFEMI and I. F. UDEFIAGBON, Modelling the Drying of Porous Coal, Chem. Biochem. Eng. Q. 24 (1) 29 34 (2010) 29 Modelling the Drying of Porous Coal Particles in Superheated Steam B. A. Olufemi *

More information

FREESTUDY HEAT TRANSFER TUTORIAL 3 ADVANCED STUDIES

FREESTUDY HEAT TRANSFER TUTORIAL 3 ADVANCED STUDIES FREESTUDY HEAT TRANSFER TUTORIAL ADVANCED STUDIES This is the third tutorial in the series on heat transfer and covers some of the advanced theory of convection. The tutorials are designed to bring the

More information

Processi della Tecnologia Alimentare - Prof. Davide Barbanti. The frying process

Processi della Tecnologia Alimentare - Prof. Davide Barbanti. The frying process The frying process 1 Frying is a unit operation which is mainly used to alter the eating quality of a food. A secondary consideration is the preservative effect that results from thermal destruction of

More information

Greenhouse Glazing Effects on Heat Transfer for Winter Heating and Summer Cooling

Greenhouse Glazing Effects on Heat Transfer for Winter Heating and Summer Cooling Greenhouse Glazing Effects on Heat Transfer for Winter Heating and Summer Cooling David R. Mears, Ph.D. Bioresource Engineering Department of Plant Biology and Pathology Rutgers University 20 Ag Extension

More information

Thermal Manikin Measurements Exact or Not?

Thermal Manikin Measurements Exact or Not? International Journal of Occupational THERMAL Safety and MANIKIN Ergonomics MEASUREMENTS EXACT (JOSE) 2004, Vol. 10, OR No. NOT? 3, 291 300 Thermal Manikin Measurements Exact or Not? Hannu Anttonen Juhani

More information

AS COMPETITION PAPER 2007 SOLUTIONS

AS COMPETITION PAPER 2007 SOLUTIONS AS COMPETITION PAPER 2007 Total Mark/50 SOLUTIONS Section A: Multiple Choice 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. C 1 Section B: Written Answer Question 9. A mass M is attached to the end of a horizontal

More information

Lesson 36 Selection Of Air Conditioning Systems

Lesson 36 Selection Of Air Conditioning Systems Lesson 36 Selection Of Air Conditioning Systems Version 1 ME, IIT Kharagpur 1 The specific objectives of this chapter are to: 1. Introduction to thermal distribution systems and their functions (Section

More information

PERFORMANCE OF EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEMS WITH CHILLED WATER

PERFORMANCE OF EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEMS WITH CHILLED WATER PERFORMANCE OF EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEMS WITH CHILLED WATER K. P. Arandara Research Student, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka. E-mail: arandarak@yahoo.com

More information

EFFECT OF TUNNEL VENTILATION AND EVAPORATIVE COOLING ON THE BARN ENVIRONMENT AND COW COMFORT IN MIDWEST DAIRY FACILITIES

EFFECT OF TUNNEL VENTILATION AND EVAPORATIVE COOLING ON THE BARN ENVIRONMENT AND COW COMFORT IN MIDWEST DAIRY FACILITIES Dairy Day 22 EFFECT OF TUNNEL VENTILATION AND EVAPORATIVE COOLING ON THE BARN ENVIRONMENT AND COW COMFORT IN MIDWEST DAIRY FACILITIES M. J. Brouk, J. F. Smith, and J. P. Harner, III 1 Summary During the

More information

Software Development for Cooling Load Estimation by CLTD Method

Software Development for Cooling Load Estimation by CLTD Method IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) ISSN: 2278-1684Volume 3, Issue 6 (Nov. - Dec. 2012), PP 01-06 Software Development for Cooling Load Estimation by CLTD Method Tousif Ahmed Department

More information

Acclimatization: Physiological changes which occur in response to several days of heat exposure and make the body accustomed to a hot environment.

Acclimatization: Physiological changes which occur in response to several days of heat exposure and make the body accustomed to a hot environment. Working in Hot Weather or Hot Workplace Environments Subject: Procedures and Guidelines for Working in Hot Environments Applies to: All employees Number: 2010-06 Pages: 7 Effective Date: November 2010

More information

The houses in the past were built to keep the rain, snow, and thieves out

The houses in the past were built to keep the rain, snow, and thieves out HEATING AND COOLING OF BUILDINGS CHAPTER 6 The houses in the past were built to keep the rain, snow, and thieves out with hardly any attention given to heat losses and energy conservation. Houses had little

More information

Steady Heat Conduction

Steady Heat Conduction Steady Heat Conduction In thermodynamics, we considered the amount of heat transfer as a system undergoes a process from one equilibrium state to another. hermodynamics gives no indication of how long

More information

Humidity, Condensation, Clouds, and Fog. Water in the Atmosphere

Humidity, Condensation, Clouds, and Fog. Water in the Atmosphere Humidity, Condensation, Clouds, and Fog or Water in the Atmosphere The Hydrologic Cycle Where the Water Exists on Earth Evaporation From the Oceans and Land The Source of Water Vapor for the Atmosphere

More information

National Building Code of Canada 2010

National Building Code of Canada 2010 National Building Code of Canada 2010 Emergency Change Issued by the Canadian Commission on Building and Fire Codes The table that follows lists two emergency changes that apply to the National Building

More information

Specific Heat Capacity and Latent Heat Questions A2 Physics

Specific Heat Capacity and Latent Heat Questions A2 Physics 1. An electrical heater is used to heat a 1.0 kg block of metal, which is well lagged. The table shows how the temperature of the block increased with time. temp/ C 20.1 23.0 26.9 30.0 33.1 36.9 time/s

More information

Lecture 3 Fluid Dynamics and Balance Equa6ons for Reac6ng Flows

Lecture 3 Fluid Dynamics and Balance Equa6ons for Reac6ng Flows Lecture 3 Fluid Dynamics and Balance Equa6ons for Reac6ng Flows 3.- 1 Basics: equations of continuum mechanics - balance equations for mass and momentum - balance equations for the energy and the chemical

More information

Modeling Heat and Mass Transfer from Fabric-Covered Cylinders

Modeling Heat and Mass Transfer from Fabric-Covered Cylinders Modeling Heat and Mass Transfer from Fabric-Covered Cylinders Phillip Gibson U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development, & Engineering Center, Natick, Massachusetts, USA Correspondence to: Phillip

More information

Refrigerated Air Dryers. Catalogue

Refrigerated Air Dryers. Catalogue Refrigerated Air Dryers Catalogue GB Why use a refrigerated dryer? Humidity is a component of atmospheric air, which can be found in the compressed air distribution systems and the machines that use the

More information

Energy Efficient Process Heating: Insulation and Thermal Mass

Energy Efficient Process Heating: Insulation and Thermal Mass Energy Efficient Process Heating: Insulation and Thermal Mass Kevin Carpenter and Kelly Kissock Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Dayton 300 College Park Dayton, OH 45469-0210

More information

Thermal Flow Sensor Die

Thermal Flow Sensor Die Microsystems, Inc. Thermal Flow Sensor Die Description Posifa s Thermal Flow Sensor Die measures the flow of a liquid or gaseous medium across the surface of the die using the Thermotransfer (Calorimetric)

More information

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF BIOHEAT TRANSFER PROCESS IN THE HUMAN EYE USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF BIOHEAT TRANSFER PROCESS IN THE HUMAN EYE USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD Scientific Research of the Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF BIOHEAT TRANSFER PROCESS IN THE HUMAN EYE USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD Marek Paruch Department for Strength

More information

Heat Production and Loss. Environmental Emergencies. Heat Regulation. Body Temperature Ranges. Focused Assessment: Your Patient: Heat Production

Heat Production and Loss. Environmental Emergencies. Heat Regulation. Body Temperature Ranges. Focused Assessment: Your Patient: Heat Production Heat Production and Loss Environmental Emergencies Messing with Mother Nature Heat Production Basal Metabolism processes in the body that generate heat through nominal functions Activity, fever, metabolic

More information

The soot and scale problems

The soot and scale problems Dr. Albrecht Kaupp Page 1 The soot and scale problems Issue Soot and scale do not only increase energy consumption but are as well a major cause of tube failure. Learning Objectives Understanding the implications

More information

Comparison of dierent tracer gas dilution methods for the determination of clothing ventilation

Comparison of dierent tracer gas dilution methods for the determination of clothing ventilation Loughborough University Institutional Repository Comparison of dierent tracer gas dilution methods for the determination of clothing ventilation This item was submitted to Loughborough University's Institutional

More information

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM WITH R404A, R407C AND R410A

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM WITH R404A, R407C AND R410A Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 213 Jyoti Soni and R C Gupta, 213 Research Paper ISSN 2278 149 www.ijmerr.com Vol. 2, No. 1, January 213 213 IJMERR. All Rights Reserved PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF VAPOUR COMPRESSION

More information

Ampacity simulation of a high voltage cable to connecting off shore wind farms

Ampacity simulation of a high voltage cable to connecting off shore wind farms Ampacity simulation of a high voltage cable to connecting off shore wind farms Eva Pelster 1, Dr. David Wenger 1 1 Wenger Engineering GmbH, Einsteinstr. 55, 89077 Ulm, mail@wenger-engineering.com Abstract:

More information

MSU EMPLOYEE GUIDELINES FOR WORKING IN HOT ENVIRONMENTS

MSU EMPLOYEE GUIDELINES FOR WORKING IN HOT ENVIRONMENTS MSU EMPLOYEE GUIDELINES FOR WORKING IN HOT ENVIRONMENTS The Office of Radiation, Chemical and Biological Safety May, 1999 I. BACKGROUND: There is currently no specific Occupational Safety and Health Administration

More information

HEAT STRESS IN AVIATION

HEAT STRESS IN AVIATION HEAT STRESS IN AVIATION Dr Graham Bates INTRODUCTION It is generally agreed that man s adaptations to the heat are well developed, conversely when naked in the cold his physiological adjustment very poor.

More information

Department of Engineering Enzo Ferrari University of Modena and Reggio Emilia

Department of Engineering Enzo Ferrari University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Department of Engineering Enzo Ferrari University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Object: Measurement of solar reflectance, thermal emittance and Solar Reflectance Index Report Reference person: Alberto Muscio

More information

HDA -----------------------------------------------------------

HDA ----------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- Lightstrips ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ceiling system for heating and cooling LIGHTSTRIPS LIGHTSTRIPS

More information

What you need to know about TEMPERATURE. in places of work DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR TE TARI MAHI OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH SERVICE

What you need to know about TEMPERATURE. in places of work DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR TE TARI MAHI OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH SERVICE What you need to know about TEMPERATURE in places of work TEMPERATURE in places of work An introduction to Temperature at work Information Sheet No. 1 Temperature a complex issue The thermal environment

More information

A NEW DESICCANT EVAPORATIVE COOLING CYCLE FOR SOLAR AIR CONDITIONING AND HOT WATER HEATING

A NEW DESICCANT EVAPORATIVE COOLING CYCLE FOR SOLAR AIR CONDITIONING AND HOT WATER HEATING A NEW DESICCANT EVAPORATIVE COOLING CYCLE FOR SOLAR AIR CONDITIONING AND HOT WATER HEATING John Archibald American Solar Roofing Company 8703 Chippendale Court Annandale, Va. 22003 e-mail: jarchibald@americansolar.com

More information

Thermal Mass Availability for Cooling Data Centers during Power Shutdown

Thermal Mass Availability for Cooling Data Centers during Power Shutdown 2010 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). Published in ASHRAE Transactions (2010, vol 116, part 2). For personal use only. Additional reproduction,

More information

AIRCONDITIONING Cooling Loads Calculations

AIRCONDITIONING Cooling Loads Calculations Calculations -1- AIRCONDITIONING Cooling s Calculations Employer : 4M SA Project Location : ASHRAE Office Room : Example from ASHRAE 2013 Handbook - Fundamentals : Chapter 18, Single Room Example (p. 18.37)

More information