PROGRAMMA SVILUPPO 76 ONLUS ENERGY PRODUCTION WITH JATROPHA OIL

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Dina Nicholson
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1 PROGRAMMA SVILUPPO 76 ONLUS ENERGY PRODUCTION WITH JATROPHA OIL GUINEA BISSAU 1

2 Where we operate Our objectives Guinea Bissau Genova < Ruanda Etiopia Supporting people in developing countries to improve their lives by working themselves with the resources present in their country 2

3 OUR GOAL, COMMON TO ALL OUR PROJECTS, IS TO ENHANCE THE HUMAN CAPITAL: each person decides for his own future complete involvement of local partners time graduality contribution of technology rather than of money 3

4 Intervention fields Water Agriculture Housing Use of resources Solidarity 4

5 ... a rapid roundup on our current projects 5

6 011 Eco-tourism Use of resources In a country with beautiful sea, animals, forest, towns, handcrafts and culture, but no foreign visitors, we are organizing a network including all local operators and NGOs to promote a form of tourism respecting the environment 6

7 Use of resources Use of household vegetal waste for producing gas for cooking. (now in phase of testing in Italy) 014 Bio-gas 7

Use of resources 022 PKS and PKO An economically self-supporting project for selling PKS as fuel and PKO as a basic component for beauty products.

8 Use of resources 022 PKS and PKO An economically self-supporting project for selling PKS as fuel and PKO as a basic component for beauty products. Beneficiaries: about 200 village communities. Action 1: collecting nuts from the villages Action 2: breaking the shells Action 3: extracting oil from kernel 8

Use of resources Palm Oil 028 production with machines constructed in Guinea Bissau A project started in 2007 and still continuing. Machines designed by PS76 abd constructed by local smiths.

9 Use of resources Palm Oil 028 production with machines constructed in Guinea Bissau A project started in 2007 and still continuing. Machines designed by PS76 abd constructed by local smiths. Now 22 village communities are using these machines. Training and construction financed by us, but machines are reimbursed by communities, thanks to oil earnings. A technology allowing work in villages and reducing people rush to towns. Now Ivory Coast Government is asking us these machines. 9

10 Use of resources 030 A vegetables dryer A simple dryer for drying vegetables, constructed with wood and plastic bottles as solar collector. (now in phase of testing in Italy) 10

Rwanda Agriculture 021 029 Japan prunettes and pineapple

Projects are managed with Local Sector Authority, which will

11 Rwanda Agriculture Japan prunettes and pineapple cultivation Beneficiaries 400 families and a local association. Projects are managed with Local Sector Authority, which will decide with us how to allocate part of earnings for social needing. 11

12 ... and now the project to be illustrated in this workshop: 12

13 Use of resources 012 Energy production with vegetable oil Project s objectives The objective is to propose to the villages a system which allows to produce energy without having to buy diesel, but using a vegetable product, made functional purpose through their work Palm oil or jatropha oil? First tests on the engine have been made with palm oil. Palm oil in Guinea Bissau, however, is sold at prices higher than diesel. Jatropha oil has a lower density, so all tests made with palm remain valid. Tests with jatropha oil are scheduled within a few months. 13

14 Use of resources Energy production with jatropha oil Project s phases 1. jatropha cultivation 2. seeds pressing and oil extracting 3. oil filtering and decanting 4. energy production using jatropha oil in an electric generator 14

15 Energy production with jatropha oil Our partners in Europe and America Department DICCA Genoa University Faculty of Engineering > Scientific support tests on presses and engines Santo Toribio University Ciclayo (Peru) > Scientific support cultivation tests SIPEC (Italian NGO) > tests on engine 15

16 Energy production with jatropha oil Our partners in Guinea Bissau ADPP (international NGO) - 30 ha in the villages for jatropha cultivation - 1 oil production centre - 7 villages to be equipped with generators for producing energy MADRUGADA (Clinic) - 25 ha for jatropha cultivation - oil production and energy generation in Clinic s compound AJDESU (local NGO) - technical control and operation 16

17 Energy production with jatropha oil Phase 1 - Jatropha cultivation 1 tests with different cultivation modes: (plant density, irrigation and fertilization) 2 handbook for farmers 17

18 Energy production with jatropha oil Phase 2 pressing There are many screw-presses available on the market, but all quite expensive. We have studied a smaller press, and we have made tests on it, with good results. Now we are studying how to produce a bigger one, always low-cost 18

19 Energy production with jatropha oil Phase 3 - decanting Sedimentation is the easiest and most efficient way to purify jatropha oil with respect to the filtration or clarification. decanter used in laboratory tests > 19

vegetable oil as a fuel substitute for Lister type Diesel Engine.

20 Energy production with jatropha oil Phase 4 Tests on a diesel generator Test s objectives: To verify how is possible to use vegetable oil as a fuel substitute for Lister type Diesel Engine. To find the necessary maintenance to be performed for a long engine life. 20

21 Energy production with jatropha oil Phase 4 - the diesel generator used for tests Engine equipped with 2 tanks: - 1 for gasoil (start-up and shut-down) - 1 for oil (current production) 21

22 Energy production with jatropha oil High viscosity of palm oil: the Lister engine was amended to preheat the oil with engine cooling water. In starting it is necessary to feed diesel for around 15 minutes to bring the cooling water to the right temperature. When stopping the engine it is necessary to use diesel for 5 minutes to displace all the fuel that is downstream from the switching valve. 22

23 Energy production with jatropha oil TESTS First test on a diesel engine was conducted in Italy with crude palm oil available on the Italian market. The diesel engine chosen was a Lister model with: indirect injection: preferable for oils with a higher proportion of impurities and lower cetane number; low speed (10 Hz): preferable for giving more time for the combustion of the hydrocarbons that have a longer chain than diesel. Reference tests with diesel engine: Continuous tests with palm oil (500 h): 24/24 hours, 5 days a week; After the first 100 hours and then every 200 hours the engine checked for: possible engine fouling; deterioration of the lubricating oil; reference test with diesel. 23

24 Energy production with jatropha oil Inside engine after 500 hours 24

Energy production with jatropha oil TEST S RESULTS There was no noticeable deterioration in the engine performance; The palm oil consumption was comparable to diesel; The level of contaminants in the

25 Energy production with jatropha oil TEST S RESULTS There was no noticeable deterioration in the engine performance; The palm oil consumption was comparable to diesel; The level of contaminants in the lubricating oil did not show appreciable differences from a lubricating oil used in an engine that runs with diesel; Fouling of the combustion chamber did not present a problem; The injector and injection pump did not show any appreciable reduction in their spray characteristics over time. Tests have confirmed Lister s good performances, although they are very bulky and heavy. We also tested jatropha oil in other engines, lighter and easier to handle, but with no good results, due to their greater speed. 25

26 Energy production with jatropha oil THANK YOU 26

Alternative to Fossil Fuel

Alternative to Fossil Fuel Biodiesel Emissions Biodiesel Biodiesel is made from any vegetable oil such as Soya, Rice bran, Canola, Palm, Coconut, Jatropha or peanut,from any animal fat and recycled cooking