Berlin 1 - The educational System in Berlin Grundschule Hauptschule/Sonderschule Realschule Gymnasium Gesamtschule

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1 Berlin 1 - The educational System in Berlin The educational system in Germany is determined by the federal structure of the State. This results in a differentiation of the school system among different regions. Education is compulsory from 6 to 16. The system is structured into the following stages: Grundschule (elementary school) lasts six years. Sekundar Stufe I includes four different levels 1. Hauptschule/Sonderschule is the lowest school, give a basic general instruction, and lasts 3 years. The diploma is called Hauptschulabschluss. It is possible to attend one more year (the10 th class) to achieve the erweiteter Hauptschulabschluss. 2. Realschule is a school a little more advanced than the Hauptschule. Here students learn the basic subjects which will prepare them for a mid level job in business. The diploma is called Mittlerer Schulabschluss 3. Gymnasium is the highest level of instruction. It lasts 7 years, till the 13 th class. At the age of 18/19 you achieved Abitur, the only diploma that allow to enter University. 4. Gesamtschule is a comprehensive school (in the same building you find the three schools mentioned above). It allows its students to switch between the different tracks without changing buildings. Depending on the Sekundar Stufe I students have attended they have different possibilities to carry on studying. Students who attend the Gymnasium discharge their compulsory school attendance at the 10 th year but usually they carry on studying in Sekundar Stufe II for three more years to achieve the Abitur. Those who attended the Realschule achieving the Mittlerer Schulabschluss can entry a scholastic or vocational pathway for other two or three years (Fachoberschule, Berufsoberschule). While those who attended the Hauptschule/ Sonderschule can carry on in a vocational pathway (Duale System or Schulische Ausbildung). 1

2 Fachochschule University Technical College 13 Abitur Abitur 12 Fachabitur 11 Fachoberschule; Berufsoberschule. Dual System and Vocational training at school 10 Gymnasium Gesamtschule Realschule 9 Hauptschule/Sonderschule Grundschule Elementary school Kindergarten voluntary from 3-6 years old / payment Krippe (cot) voluntary from 0-3 years old/ payment Fig 1: Educational System (from 1 to 6 class: Grundschule; from 7 to 10 class Sekundar Stufe I; from 11 to 13 Sekundar Stufe II). Compulsory education lasts till 10 class. 2 - Guidance activities 2.1 Guidance in the Grundschule (elementary school) At the end of the 6 th year, teachers and parents must decide which of the different secondary school is the right one for the children. The choice is not easy; teachers and parents are not always prepared to guide their youngsters. To support this choice exists the Schulpsychologischer Centre with its psychological team. 2.2 Vocational Guidance The Berufsberatung is the vocational guidance centre for all people, young and adult, which need guidance in the labour market or for the training possibilities. The Centre gives advices also to institutions and training agencies. Through its operators, and by its Internet site, the centre offers an informative service that illustrates the training possibilities and the different scholar and vocational pathways. The users of this service can visit the website or can go to the Berufinformationszentrum (BIZ) of each Berufsberatung. The BIZ is an area prepared with computers and summarizing documents. The activities of the Berufsvorberatung are: 1. Collaboration with schools. 2. Individual guidance talk or with parents. 3. Information meetings (for parents too). 4. Meetings with trainers or professionals. 5. Guidance through Media and film. 2.3 Psychological Service 2

3 Berlin has 3 Psychological Services, one for each Agentur für Arbeit. This service collaborates with the Berater (Berufsberatungzentrum s work counsellor) and with the Fall Manger/ Ansprechpartner with the aim of contributing to school and vocational guidance through professional workers (psychologist) using valid and objective instruments (test and talking). The contact between the client and the Psychological Service is not direct but it is mediated by the work counsellors (Fall Manager/ Ansprechpartner) of the Jobcenter or by the Agentur für Arbeit (Berater) that make the selection of those who need this service. 3.4 Berufsvorbereitung Berufsvorbereitung is a pre-vocational training that is part of the trainings arrangements (Bildungsmaβnahmen). The aim is to allow the access to work. The target group is represented by the benachtiligte Jugendlichen. In Berlin, there are other centres that are engaged in youth guidance. One of this is the Jugendberatungshaus located in Neukőlln, Kreuzberg and Spandau. 3 - Dropout In Berlin the struggle against educational disorientation and disengagement and the activities for the re-integration of dropout student, called benachtiligte Jugendlichen, have two directions: the preventive way and a recuperative way. Prevention activities are built on individual projects (for example Gewāltprevention Tag) and through the help of different organizations (Jugendamt, Agentur für Arbeit, Senatverwaltung für Bildung Jugend und Sport, Jobcenter, Jugendberatungshaus, Freier Träger) which try to monitor and prevent disengagement In the recuperative direction work different institutions which give the possibility to young people to achieve a degree or to attest their engagement. Among these the Berufsschule, and the Freier Träger also called Außerbetriebliche. In this direction the activities of the Berufvorbereitung are very important: a period that gives the possibility of participating in a vocational training with or without a diploma. All these actions aim at giving a second chance to these young people, so that they can make up for the lost time achieving a diploma or having the possibility of learning a job in a fit structure managed by an expert teaching staff. This wide social net could be divided into two small nets. The first one, which is in charge of following the minors, includes the following institutions: Jugendamt, Senatverwaltung für Bildung Jugend und Sport, Schulpsychologischer Beratungzentrum, Freier Träger and School. The Jugendamt corresponds to the youth welfare office, that offers support to young people and to their family and ensure to all the youngsters the opportunity to educate themselves or to find an occupation in the future. The Senatverwaltung für Bildung Jugend und Sport is the department for education, youth and sport. The Schulpsychologischer Beratungzentrum is an organ of the Senatverwaltung für Bildung Jugend und Sport create to support and give assistance to schools. Its main activities are: 1. Prevention and recuperative actions in the schools; 2. Counselling and guidance to counsellor activity; 3. Support activity to teachers and educational consultants; The Freier Träger are specific assistance agencies for social work and for vocational training. They are financed by the Agentur für Arbeit, the Jobcenter and the Ministry of Federal Government. Other incomes come from the care related service, contracts with companies, donation and membership fees. The second net involves the Agentur für Arbeit, the Jobcenter, the Freier Träger and the Kammer. The target group is represented by people from 18 to 25/27. The Agentur für Arbeit and the 3

4 Jobcenter have different functions. They act as a social, youth and labour office opened for unemployed workers and employers. Their role in the struggle against dropout is to offer for this target group an intensive assistance through a collaboration with schools, training centres, social and work inclusion projects. The Kammer is the equivalent of the Chamber of Commerce, its role is to certificate the training. 3.1 Who are the dropout in Berlin? At an institutional level, Berlin defines the dropouts as disadvantaged person (benachteiligte Jugendliche). This designation includes three more subdivision: 1. Lernbeeinträchtigte (slow learner): youngster with learning difficulties without a diploma, youngsters with difficulties in finding a job or a place of apprenticeship; youngsters with the Hauptschulabschluss/ Sonderschule diploma. 2. Sozial Benachteiligte (social disadvantages person): ex-drugs addicts, young people with heavy behavioural problems who are followed by the Psychological Service (Psychologischer Dienst), dyslexic, released from prison, immigrants with language difficulties, young mothers. 3. Behinderte: mental and physical disable persons. The city of Berlin tries to hold back this problem through supporting actions aiming at a reintegration that allows the achievement of a degree or a diploma with the guarantee of an intensive pedagogical support. At an institutional level these actions are included in the general arrangement for social integration (Maßnahmen zur Sozialen Integration) in which there are different disposition all assembled in actions named Bildungsmaßnahmen. Some of these dispositions are: - BAE 241SGB III: disposition that creates 500 places for vocational training in Vocational Centre (Bildungzentrum) qualified to meet this target group - Reha-Ausbildung, guarantees training places for disable young people in Vocational Centres - Berufsvorbereitung: vocational preparation - Arbeitsgelegenheti mit Hauptschulabschluss: social work with the possibility of achieving the Hauptschulabschluss diploma - Integretion and literacy course 3.2 Dropout individuation and reception Berlin does not have a specific organization specialized in the struggle against disengagement. The Jobcenter and the Agentur für Arbeit identify youngsters that leave the school system without a diploma. Jobcenter can identify dropouts if their parents are enrolled. If the children are between 16 and 25 and they are not in a training pathway they must go to the Jobcenter Counsellor (called Fall Manager or Ansprechpartner) and find a training pathway to participate. This procedure is necessary if the family wants to receve the ALGII 1 and a contribution for the children. The same rule is valid for the youngsters that go to the Agentur für Arbeit. If they want the social contribution they must commit themselves in a training pathway. If the schools individuate truants they notify it to the Jugendamt or to the Schulpsychologischer Beratungzentrum. The Schulpsychologischer Beratungzentrum is a psychological support service of the schools. Berlin counts 12 Schulpsychologischer Beratungzentrum, one for each district. 1 Arbetislosengeld II corresponds to the minimal livelihood allowance for unemployed individuals capable of working. Beneficiary are from 15 to 65. For detailed information see Hartz IV reform. 4

5 When a school asks for its help in order to prevent disengagement, a Schulhilfekonferenz (help school conference) takes place. Those who participate are: - The headmaster of the school; - The youngster s teacher; - Youngster s parents - Schulpsychologischer Beratungzentrum; - Kinder und Jugend psychitrische Dienst KJPD and/ or KJGD - Jugendamt Here the case will be specifically examinated There are often recuperative project already active that can fit on the question case. Other times it is necessary to create new project with the collaboration of all the implicate institutions. PROJECTS SCHEDULE E-MOVE NAME GIRL S DAY NETWORK and TARGET GROUP Jugendamt Zukunftsbau GmbH (Freier Trāger) years old with a school permission (Schulbefreiung) Jugendberatungshaus Neukölln GOALS AND METHODS To avoid youngsters disengagement by involving them in a qualified structure. Achieved the diploma (Hauptschulabschluss) Small groups Theoretic and practical activities (breakfast and lunch together; trips ) Informative Guidance CONTACTS agoerss@zukunftsbau.de Senatsverwaltung für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung Short practical experience of the job. GEWĀLTPREVEN TIONTAG Girls from 5 th to 10 th class. Konrad-Zuse-Schule School youngsters (15-18 years old) Violence prevention. Development of vocational skills. Information Meetings on subject chosen by the youngsters. webmaster@konradzuseschu le.de PUNK S AND DOG Jobcenter Friedrichshain- Kreuzberg, Karuna drug Rehabilitation centre- Projekt Arbeit Sofort Approach youngsters to a regular style of life. Insertion in training or work pathway. Individual Interviews. punksanddogs@web.de 5

6 COSMETIC VOCATIONAL TRAINING Berlin and Ladeburg Doghouse Youngsters between 18 and 25. Internationaler Bund (Freier Trāger) Agentur für Arbeit Jobcenter Youngsters between18 and 26 with or without a diploma. Single monitoring. Creation of ad hoc possibilities. Vocational diploma at the end of the three years pathway. Intensive educational support. PRIMUS PROJEKT Ajb gmbh Allgemeine Jugendberatung Jugendamt To avoid disengagement. To attest the training pathway. primus@ajb-reha.de BECULT SocInc- Net Youngsters from 14 to 21 years old. Kiezkǖchen (Freier Trāger) Leonardo Da Vinci Project European Partners Youngsters Information network project between 6 major European cities: Berlin, Bologna, Copenhagen, Dublin, Glasgow and Malmö in the field of social inclusion through education and training. Young people between 16 and 25 who are at risk of marginalization due to lack of social, personal and/or vocational skills Intensive and individual educational support. Small groups. To facilitate work experiences abroad in the Hotel and Catering sector. Job simulation through an online game. The SocInc- Net centres, in close collaboration with local network partners, performs the following tasks: Collection, analysis, classification and presentation of - Actors in the field - Social inclusion initiatives and projects - Best practices - Success stories - Legal environment Leonardo Programme of EU Partnership DG Education &Culture SCHOOL TRAINING (Schulische Berufsschule Senatverwaltung für Jugend und Sport Activation of scholar pathway with the aim of attesting a minimal 6

7 Ausbildung) MDQMI MDQMII qualification (Hauptschulabschluss) BQL BQLF Autore, Obbligo scolastico e obbligo formativo, Le Monnier Senatverwaltung für Bildung, Jugend und Sport, Bildung für Berlin, Schuljahr 2006/

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