Transmission Grid Reliability And Performance Monitoring

Transcription

1 Transmission Grid Reliability And Performance Monitoring NARUC s Summer Committee Meetings July 29, 2002 Portland, Oregon by Vikram S. Budhraja President, Electric Power Group, LLC Chair, Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions

2 Briefing Outline Introduction Assessment Reliability Incidents Are Increasing Market Performance Is Raising Significant Policy Concerns Reliability and Performance Monitoring Needs ISO/RTO Comparative Data Technology Platform for Grid Real-Time Reliability and Performance Monitoring NERC ACE & AIE Real-Time Control Performance Monitoring and Notification CERTS VAR Management System for CAISO Could Have Prevented 1996 WECC Outage Transmission Grid Reliability and Performance Monitoring Challenges Page 1

3 Introduction Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) Consortium of U.S. Department of Energy national labs, universities, and industry partners; managed by Lawrence Berkeley National Lab Supported by the DOE, Transmission Reliability Program, Office of Power Technologies Mission Statement To research, develop and commercialize electric reliability technology solutions to protect and enhance the reliability of the U.S. electric power system under the emerging competitive electricity market structure Electric Power Group, LLC Provides management and strategic consulting services for the electric power industry Focus areas include industry restructuring, competitive electric markets, power technologies, venture investments and start-ups Vikram S. Budhraja, President Chair, Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) Advisor, State of California, Department of Water Resources Formerly President Edison Technology Solutions and Senior Vice President, Southern California Edison Company Page 2

4 Assessment Current grid performance metrics were designed for a vertically integrated utility. Industry is transitioning to a competitive market structure, with reliability management shifting from utilities to ISOs/RTOs/Reliability Authorities. NERC and Regional Reliability Councils: Relied on peer pressure to achieve desired reliability performance. Compliance with reliability criteria and standards was voluntary Performance assessment has been done after the fact, not in real-time. Transactions, incidence of TLRs, voltage problems, market gaming and abnormal frequency excursions have been increasing. Current NERC control performance metrics (e.g. CPS1 and CPS2) need to be reviewed to determine if they are effective measures for competitive markets with ISOs/RTOs. Metrics for market functions impacting reliability need to be developed. Page 3

5 Reliability Incidents Are Increasing July 1996 Outage August 1996 Outage (Stability) July 1997 Minnesota-Wisconsin Separation Winter 1998 San Francisco Outage (Customer Interrupt.) Price Spikes, Emergency Alerts (Customer Interrupt.) February 2002 Outage (Voltage Stability) Spring 2002 Abnormal Frequency Excursions PJM 1999 Voltage Disturbances April 2002 Abnormal Frequency Excursions Page 4

6 Market Performance Is Raising Significant Policy Concerns MIDWEST Congestion Price Spikes Northeast Dysfunctional Market Blackouts Bankruptcies Congestion Gaming Market Gaming Withholding Physical/Economic Congestion Seams Congestion Low Voltage Low Reserves Ancillary Services NO STANDARD DESIGNS OR MEASURES TO MONITOR PERFORMANCE OR PERFORM COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENTS Page 5

7 Reliability & Performance Monitoring Needs Define Reliability Performance Measures Set Mandatory Standards Develop Technologies and Systems That Enable Grid Reliability and Market Performance Monitoring Track Performance, Identify Violations, and Assure Compliance in Real-Time Take Corrective Action to Prevent Outages, System Collapse and Market Gaming Perform Comparative Analysis and Benchmarking Page 6

8 ISO/RTO Comparative Data Page 7

9 Future ISO/RTO Comparative Data -- Illustrative MARKETS SUPPLY GRID REAL-TIME PERFORMANCE MONITORING TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM TRANSMISSION Page 8

10 Technology Platform for Real-Time Grid Reliability and Performance Monitoring GENERATION TRANSMISSION SUBSTATIONS MARKET Utilities Generation Data Grid Data Market Data INDEPENDENT SYSTEM OPERATORS, REGIONAL TRANSMISSION ORGANIZATIONS CONTROL AREAS Real-Time Operations Scheduling Dispatching System Security Ancillary Services Technology Platform for Real-Time Performance Monitoring Grid Generation Transmission Markets Periodic Assessment & Reporting NERC Reliability Authorities -- ISOs-RTOs Page 9

11 NERC ACE and AIE Real-Time Control Performance Monitoring and Notification (1) DATA ACQUISITION AND VALIDATION 123 CONTROL AREAS SEND DATA THROUGH NERC-NET DATA COLLECTED AND CONCENTRATED IN NERC DATABASE SERVER DATA PROCESSED USING CERTS ACE AIE APPLICATIONS NERC Database Server NERC Ethernet (Princeton) Early Notification Server Reliability Authorities (22) Web Browser ACE-AIE KEY DATA BROADCAST OVER WEB TO RELIABILITY AUTHORITIES EVERY 60 SECONDS XML NERC Applications And Web Server (2) ABNORMAL EVENT NOTIFICATION VIA (3) MONITORING AND TRACKING BY 22 RELIABILITY AUTHORITIES GRAPHIC AND GEOGRAPHIC USING CERTS PERFORMANCE MONITORING TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM Page 10

12 NERC ACE-Frequency Monitoring Utilization LONG-TERM: Western 7/18/2002 9:32:40 AM(EST) - Rolling Frequency Hourly Average for last 61 minutes was 0.024Hz >= 0.016Hz. (1) Abnormal Event Notification (2) Root Cause Assessment -- Regions and Control Areas with Ten Worst ACEs (4) Control Area Frequency Display (3) Drill-Down to Pinpoint Root Cause (5) ACE- Frequency Analysis Page 11

13 NERC ACE and AIE Real-Time Grid Monitoring and Notification System MidWest ISO Ontario IMO California ISO Rocky Mountain TVA VACAR North Southwest Power Pool UNDERGOING TESTING IN SEVEN REGIONS Page 12

14 CERTS VAR-Management Summary -- System for CAISO Could Have Prevented 1996 WECC Outage (1) Early Alarm Notification (2) Voltage Profile Visualization (3) Root Cause and Corrective Action Page 13

15 Transmission Grid Reliability and Performance Monitoring Challenges Access to Data Funding for Research and Development Participation in Technology Development and Prototype Testing Policy Consensus on Standards and Performance Metrics Implementing Mandatory Reliability Management Organization Page 14