Broadband and VoIP Services

Transcription

1 Outage Reporting for Broadband and VoIP Services Mike Oldak VP & General Counsel Utilities Telecom Council NARUC Feb 5, 2012

2 Changing Communication Needs of Critical i Infrastructure Industries CII provide the nation s essential services CII are expanding their communication needs to reflect changing industries and demands CII are relying more and more on available broadband d and VoIP services UTILITIES TELECOM COUNCIL - The Voice of Critical Infrastructure Communications 2

3 Critical Nature of CII Requires Highest Standards d Core networks designed, built and maintained to highest standards for reliability, coverage, resiliency and speed of restoration CII need networks that stay up and running during emergencies Withstand hurricanes, ice storms, s, tornados, os, earthquakes Adequate back-up power to remain operational for 72 hours of more UTILITIES TELECOM COUNCIL - The Voice of Critical Infrastructure Communications 3

4 Tomorrow s Grid Modernization Requires More Smart Meters are the tip of the Grid Modernization iceberg Next steps in modernization Integration of numerous distributed energy resources Roof top solar, electric/thermal storage, CHP Demand efficiency - use existing resources more efficiently Conservation voltage reduction Cycling EV chargers, AC compressors, pool pumps Distribution Automation Teleprotection Control networks will have to evolve UTILITIES TELECOM COUNCIL - The Voice of Critical Infrastructure Communications 4

5 UTC Study of Utility Communication Needs Summary Reliable, robust, secure and ubiquitous communications networks are essential to the efficient and reliable future of energy and water utilities and other critical infrastructure industries Efforts to introduce greater intelligence into utility networks has escalated communications demands A mix of private communications networks and commercial communications services will be required to ensure reliable energy and water utilities in the 21 st Century 5

6 Key Requirements High Reliability Rl Reliability bl = time a network remains operational and useable Network reliability crucial to ensure continued functioning of grid Utilities design core networks to at least four nines (99.99%) Higher-Capacity or Bandwidth Evolving need for complex two-way communications requires more bandwidth Especially core communications central to mission- critical functions that maintain the stability of the electric grid Wide-area backhaul / last-mile access can t rely on existing narrowband wireless One-way or relatively slow speed wireline networks 6

7 Key Requirements Low Latencies Latency = delay in sending and receiving communications Core and operations networks require high latency Unpredictable levels of latency threaten core operations Acceptable level of latency for utilities? Typically in the low millisecond range (~ 3-10 ms) Depends on specific application and magnitude of risk to operational reliability 7

8 Key Requirements Ubiquitous Coverage Utilities require full cover over expanse service territories Even isolated and sparsely populated Particularly wireless communications Maintain connectivity with critical assets to maintain reliability Field force for safety and efficiency Tight Security Measures End-to-end protection of network from physical and cyber attacks Security concerns rise as two-way digital technologies pose increased risks Potentially millions of end points to the network Each of which h could be breached and misused New NERC-CIP and NIST requirements coming 8

9 Key Requirements Uninterrupted Back-Up Power No interruption due to power outages Can t wait for distribution of warehoused generators Restoration is difficult and dangerous without communications Utilities use some combination of multiple-hour battery supplemented generation On site fuel storage or fuel connection provided 9

10 Smart Grid Communications Parameter Matrix Smart Grid Sub-system Meter reading AMI Coverage Reliability Survivability Latency Time Security Medium Medium Low High High High Life Cycle Field Area High High High Medium High High Networks Phase Measurements Tele Protection Medium High Medium Low Medium Medium Medium High High Low Medium Medium Typical latency figures for smart grid applications are: Teleprotection: less than 10 ms Synchrophasor applications: about 20 ms Most SCADA and VoIP applications: 100 to 200 ms Smart metering and others: up to a few seconds UTILITIES TELECOM COUNCIL - The Voice of Critical Infrastructure Communications 10

11 Commercial Service Provider Capabilities i and CII CII do use commercial service providers for certain communication functions Mostly non-mission critical applications Certain pt.-to-pt. t t communications (leased lines) Enterprise communications Communication reliability key to safety and reliability of CII operations Outages, congestion lead CII toward private networks Absent adequate, actual outage reporting CII will be hindered in their ability to access the usefulness of commercial services UTILITIES TELECOM COUNCIL - The Voice of Critical Infrastructure Communications 11

12 Outage Reporting Promotes Reliability Reporting will provide metrics encouraging g CSP competition on reliability basis Northeast Utilities ii i own tests found CSPs out 3x more then their own private network Consistent reporting would provide this kind of important information to all CII UTILITIES TELECOM COUNCIL - The Voice of Critical Infrastructure Communications 12

13 Tomorrow s CII Requirements FCC notes traffic migrating g from traditional networks to broadband and VoIP services CII converting from narrowband analog to wideband digital systems with increasing data traffic and VoIP Reliability of VoIP and Broadband networks becoming more critical UTILITIES TELECOM COUNCIL - The Voice of Critical Infrastructure Communications 13

14 Financial Services Coordinating Council Also Needs Reliability FSCC notes that having metrics on outages is important for several reasons Identify root causes of network outages to continuously improve reliability Increasing reliance on VoIP and other broadband services for core services and remote computing Reporting would signal developers of emerging technologies to design security and resiliency into their products Help financial services comply with regulatory requirements mandating robust business continuity plans. UTILITIES TELECOM COUNCIL - The Voice of Critical Infrastructure Communications 14

15 Typical PUC Evaluation Criteria CAIDI Customer Average Interruption Duration Index CAIFI Customer Average Interruption Frequency CEMI Customer Experiencing Multiple Interruptions CELI Customer Experiencing Long Interruptions MAIFI Momentary Average Interruption Frequency Index SAIFI System Average Interruption Frequency Index SAIDI System Average Interruption Duration Index3 UTILITIES TELECOM COUNCIL - The Voice of Critical Infrastructure Communications 15

16 Federal Reporting Requirements Department of Energy Mandatory reporting requirements (Form EIA-417) Supports overall national security and Federal Energy Management Agency s Federal Response Plan responsibilities Energy Policy Act of 2005 Required minimum mandatory reliability standards for energy sector Standards developed by North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) (effective June 18 th, 2007) UTILITIES TELECOM COUNCIL - The Voice of Critical Infrastructure Communications 16

17 Benefits Outweigh Burdens Reliability of CSPs impact reliability of CIIs Outage definition Complete loss of ability to complete calls Threshold based on lost or delayed packets Smart grid and other utility applications demand high performance Latency, jitter and packet loss also important UTILITIES TELECOM COUNCIL - The Voice of Critical Infrastructure Communications 17

18 UTC Supports FCC s Proposal Mandatory outage reporting Voluntary reporting wouldn t promote reliable data Broadband and VoIP providers submit Notification w/in 2 hours of discovering reportable outage Initial Report w/in 72 hours Final Report w/in 30 days Prompt reporting supports effective responses Faults due to others should be identified Disaster Information Reporting System not sufficient Treat information as confidential, some may have commercial proprietary implications UTILITIES TELECOM COUNCIL - The Voice of Critical Infrastructure Communications 18

19 FCC Has Legal Authority To Extend Reqmts to Broadband d / VoIP Reasonably ancillary to authority to implement systems Broadband and VoIP are increasingly used and calls over VoIP must be reliable and secure Depends on underlying broadband network like VoIP UTILITIES TELECOM COUNCIL - The Voice of Critical Infrastructure Communications 19