Smart Grid Innovation: A Look at a Microgrid Testbed Industrial Internet Energy Summit Houston, TX June 23, Brett Burger, NI Brett Murphy, RTI

Transcription

1 Smart Grid Innovation: A Look at a Microgrid Testbed Industrial Internet Energy Summit Houston, TX June 23, 2015 Brett Burger, NI Brett Murphy, RTI

2 The Smart Grid The underlying infrastructure of a smart grid is a network of interconnected, intelligent nodes that will enable: Local control of grid components More efficient infrastructure utilization Increased penetration of new generation and storage technologies Big data mining for better information Future grid changes and innovations 2

3 The Grid is Changing 3

4 What is a Microgrid? A microgrid is a localized grouping of electricity generation, energy storage, and loads that normally operates connected to a traditional centralized grid (macrogrid). This single point of common coupling with the macrogrid can be disconnected. The microgrid can then function autonomously. - Wikipedia 4

5 Why a microgrid testbed? Encompasses many of the energy applications Renewable centric (growing source of challenges) Machine-to-Machine communication is needed Manageable scale 5

6 Testbed Overview: Communication and Control for Microgrid Applications Collaborators Leads: RTI, NI, Cisco External: CPS Energy (San Antonio), Southern California Edison, Duke Energy / SGIP Market Segment Smart grid, especially integrating solar, wind, storage, and EVs Goal Prove the viability of a real-time, secure databus and distributed control architecture in a real-world power system Features & Commercial Benefits Enable efficient integration of solar, wind, & EVs into the grid Create a dynamic, open marketplace for smart grid vendors Break the standards blockage holding back the industry Solar Local load control Wind Field Network Neighborhood Microgrid 6

7 Key Challenges The Smart Communication and Control Architecture will address: Interoperability - Data interoperability for a vibrant competitive market Security - Cybersecurity is a founding architectural principle Practicality- Incrementally buildable, upgradable, expandable, compatible with legacy installations and protocols Distributed Edge Intelligence Intelligent system control at the edge, driving automation and rapid response Cloud Integration Enabling data sharing between grid and cloud analytics 7

8 Phased Approach for Proving Viability of a Microgrid Communication and Control Framework: Phase 1 Proof of Concept at National Instruments Lab Phase 2 Simulated Microgrid at Southern Cal Edison Phase 3 Real-World Microgrid at CPS Energy Incrementally develop. Test and refine. Deploy in real-world. 8

9 Application Use Cases Grid Optimization Reduce control requirement from operators Increase asset utilization Storm Resiliency Maximize storage Limit non-critical loads Auto-island with outage Island Function as independent grid Re-Sync to Grid Transition from independent grid to component of main grid 9

10 Microgrid of Things Network of interconnected, intelligent nodes. THING Connectivity THING THING Processing Capability Input / Output THING THING THING THING 10

11 Connectivity Component Purpose THING Connectivity Processing Capability Input / Output Reliable Messaging QoS Security Data Management Discovery Standard, interoperable messaging protocol using TCP or UDP Quality of service: Data delivery, Timeliness, Fault tolerance, etc Authorization, authentication, encryption, non-repudiation, Local cache of current state of communicated data, local and remote Discovery of and connection to remote data readers and writers 11

12 Blueprint for the Industrial Internet The Industrial Internet Reference Architecture (IIRA) published June 17,

13 IIRA Data Connectivity Architecture Model Central Databus & Gateways Endpoints Other Endpoints Connectivity Standard Gateway Gateway Other Connectivity Technologies Organize hierarchy Integrate disparate connectivity technologies Pick the most suitable open standard now Pivot to the most suitable standard in the future External Connectivity

14 DDS: The Connectivity Foundation for IIoT Data-Centric Messaging Bus Data Distribution Service (DDS) is an open industry standard for data-centric connectivity From OMG, the world s largest systems software standards organization UML, DDS Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC) DDS is Open & Multi-Vendor Open Standard & Open Source 12 implementations Interoperability between source written for different vendors DDS API Distribution Fabric DDS-RTPS Protocol Real-Time Publish-Subscribe Interoperability between applications running on different implementations

15 It s All About the Data Data Centricity Data at Rest Unstructured files Database Data Centricity Data in Motion Messaging middleware DataBus Data centricity enables interoperation, scale, integration

16 Connectivity: DDS Component Purpose THING Connectivity Processing Capability Input / Output Reliable Messaging QoS Security Data Management Discovery DDS-RTPS real-time publishsubscribe protocol 21 QoS governing data flow connections DDS Secure specification allows security per data topic System data state is maintained by DDS middleware Automatic discovery of and connection to remote data readers and writers 16

17 Processing Capability Component Purpose THING Connectivity Processing Capability Input / Output CPU FPGA GPU DSP Core application controller Co-processing, timing and synchronization, high-speed protection/control Co-processing, specialty processing Co/Signal processing, timing ASIC Optimize for cost 17

18 Sensing and Control Signals THING Connectivity Processing Capability Input / Output Component Analog Input Digital Input Digital Output Purpose Analog sensor input (PT, CT) Relay status communication, digital sensor input Control signals 18

19 Programmable Sensor and Protocol Gateway 2x Ethernet Port Input for Voltage Sensors 2x RS232 Dual Core ARM FPGA (with DSP slices) Input for Current Sensors RS 485 Input for Digital Status 19

20 Machine to Machine Communication Databus THING THING THING THING THING Logic A Measure X Control Measure Y Logic B 20

21 Machine to Machine Communication Databus THING THING THING THING THING Logic A Measure X Control Measure Y Logic B Output Signal 21

22 Machine to Machine Communication Databus THING THING THING THING THING Logic A Measure X Control Measure Y Logic B Output Signal From Logic A 22

23 Machine to Machine Communication Databus THING THING THING THING THING Logic A Measure X Control Measure Y Logic B Based on Measurements X&Y Output Signal From Logic A 23

24 Phase 1 Data View Databus DDS DDS DDS Power Quality Measurements DNP3 Control Control Power Quality Measurements 24

25 Phase 1 Grid View The Microgrid Grid Tie Loads Solar & Storage 25

26 What s Next? Quarterly IIC Meeting in Niskayuna, New York Simple working demo NIWeek (August 3 rd -6 th, Austin, TX) Expo floor demo Free admission to expo floor IoT Solutions World Congress Barcelona, Spain 26

27 Thank You Brett Burger National Instruments Brett Murphy Real Time Innovations 27

28 Simplified Architecture Connect all components with high-performance field message bus Enable facile data sharing between components and (eventually) cloud DDS Databus DNP-DDS GW Meter/DR DNP3 Load 2 DNP Relay (switch Loads 1 and 2) Load 1 Gen Asset Controller Demonstration setup in NI Labs Content restricted to IIC Members Not for External Publication Gen/Storage 28

29 Microgrid Vision: Enable Efficient use of Renewables Current grid architecture cannot handle dynamic generation (e.g. solar and wind) and loads (EVs). The result is inefficiency and even unreliability. Solution: Microgrids control smaller areas including load, generation and storage. They can operate independently from the main grid with proper control. Approach: IIC s unique vendor-led community can rapidly offer field-able solutions. Content restricted to IIC Members Not for External Publication 29

30 Communication and Control Framework Phase 2 Phase 2: Microgrid Lab Location: Southern Cal Edison (SCE) Funding: External Timeline: Goals: Demonstrate scalability of framework in simulated microgrid Apply intelligent, edge control techniques Execute security tests Publish test results and architecture overview to IIC Simple Microgrid Application Databus (DDS) Network Distributed Control Control Electronics Simulated Microgrid / Simple Equipment Content restricted to IIC Members Not for External Publication 30

31 Communication and Control Framework Phase 3 Phase 3: Field Deployment Tests Location: CPS Energy s Grid-of-the-Future microgrid test area, San Antonio, TX and SCE San Diego, CA Funding: External Timeline: TBD Goals: Demonstrate practicality of communication and control framework Exercise algorithms and hardware in realistic environment Deploy and stress-test security Build interoperable products for market Publish results externally Content restricted to IIC Members Not for External Publication Network Microgrid Applications Databus (DDS) Distributed Control Control Electronics Field Power Equipment / Microgrid Infrastructure 31

32 Phased Approach for Proving Viability of a Microgrid Communication and Control Framework: Phase 1 Proof of Concept at National Instruments Lab Phase 2 Simulated Microgrid at Southern Cal Edison Phase 3 Real-World Microgrid at CPS Energy Incrementally develop. Test and refine. Deploy in real-world. Content restricted to IIC Members Not for External Publication 32

33 DDS: Integrated Capabilities Request/Reply Discovery Application or Adapter Data-Centric Publish-Subscribe Real-Time Data Management Type System - Evolvable Reliable Messaging Transport-Layer Protocol(s) Operating System Real-Time Quality of Service Security DDS API DDS-RTPS Wire Protocol 33

34 DDS: Integrated Capabilities Application or Adapter Request/Reply Data-Centric Publish-Subscribe Discovery Real-Time Data Management Type System - Evolvable Reliable Messaging Transport-Layer Protocol(s) Operating System Real-Time Quality of Service Security Provides reliability at messaging and app layers No requirement for reliable transport or Internet Protocol Supports unicast and multicast Typical: Intra-node: shared memory LAN: UDP ucast & mcast WAN: TCP/TLS Also supports radio, satellite Can concurrently communicate over multiple transports 34

35 Relationship to IIC Technologies and Members Reference Architecture: The communication and control framework is based on the DDS standard. Plan is to deliver an architecture implementation that adheres to IIC guidance. Security Architecture: The communication architecture will leverage the DDS Security standard and comply with the IIC guidance. The central databus with protocol gateway will enable threat prevention and detection. Data Management: The databus architecture enables data communication and management per IIC guidance. Other IIC Testbeds This testbed does not overlap with other approved or proposed IIC testbeds IIC Member Participation All IIC members are welcome to participate as they can contribute Content restricted to IIC Members Not for External Publication 35

36 Machine to Machine Communication Databus THING THING THING THING THING Logic A Measure X Control Measure Y Logic B Content restricted to IIC Members Not for External Publication 36

37 Phase 1 Update Function Diagram Databus THING THING THING THING THING Logic A Measure Control Measure & Logic A Logic B Content restricted to IIC Members Not for External Publication 37

38 Phase 1 Update Device Description Publish to DDS DDS Databus Programmable Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) Single Phase Subscribe to DDS Programmable Controller and Sensor/Protocol Gateway Content restricted to IIC Members Not for External Publication 38

39 Phase 1 Update Function Diagram Publish to DDS DDS Databus Simple Limit Logic Calculate RMS Waveform Measurement Single Phase Subscribe to DDS Switch Control (EM Relay) Content restricted to IIC Members Not for External Publication 39

40 Communication and Control Framework Phase 1 Phase 1: Proof of Concept Location: Lab, NI Campus, Austin Funding: Internal Timeline: Apr 2015 Sep 2015 Goals: Demonstrate integrated control and data communication framework with RTI Connext DDS, NI CompactRIO / LabVIEW and Cisco router/gateway Ensure basic security and performance Publish test results and architecture to IIC Databus (DDS) Network Demonstration Distributed Control Control Electronics Demo equipment Content restricted to IIC Members Not for External Publication 40

41 Application Use Cases Use Case (Mode) Grid Optimization Island Storm Resiliency Re-Sync to Grid What is Does Reduces control requirements from operations Increases asset utilization (efficiency) Functions as an independent grid with no connections to main grid Limits non-critical loads Maximized storage Auto-island with grid outage Transitions from independent microgrid back to component of main grid Content restricted to IIC Members Not for External Publication 41