Deniz Yücel CURRICULUM VITAE

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1 Deniz Yücel CURRICULUM VITAE PERSONAL INFORMATION Nationality: Turkish (T.C.) Date and Place of Birth: 6 May 1979, Ankara, Turkey Phone: (office) dyucel@metu.edu.tr, denyucel@gmail.com EDUCATION PhD MSc BSc Middle East Technical University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Ankara, TURKEY and Massachusetts General Hospital / Shriners Hospital for Children / Harvard Medical School and Tissue Engineering Resource Center (TERC), Tufts University, MA, USA (as TUBITAK Integrated PhD Scholar) (with High Honours) Middle East Technical University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Ankara, TURKEY (with High Honours) Middle East Technical University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Ankara, TURKEY (with Honours) ACADEMIC EXPERIENCE April Feb Sept 2009 Assistant Professor Post Doctorate Acibadem University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology Middle East Technical University, Biotechnology Research Unit, Ankara, TURKEY Research/ Teaching Assistant Middle East Technical University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ankara, TURKEY (Bioanalytical Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratories) Nov 2005-Sept 2006 Jun Aug 2007 Visiting Researcher Massachusetts General Hospital - Shriners Hospital for Children - Harvard Medical School, MA, USA (Prof. M. Toner) / Tufts University, MA, USA (Prof. D. Kaplan) Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) Integrated National-International PhD Grantee

2 WORK EXPERIENCE Sep 2009-Dec 2010 July 2000 Scientific Project Expert Summer Practise Middle East Technical University, Central Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology R&D Center Department of Medical Biochemistry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara CAPABILITIES Experimental skills: Biomaterials Cell Culture & Stem Cells Tissue Engineering Biosensors (glucose oxidase and choline oxidase), enzyme and protein immobilization, nondegradable (PHEMA) and biodegradable (PHBV, PLA, PLGA, PGS) polymers, preparation of scaffolds (film, foam and fibrous mat) using microfabrication, salt leaching techniques and electrospinning. Cell culture techniques. Isolation and culture of mouse neural stem cells (NSC) from embryonal spinal cord and cortex, isolation and culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from umbilical cord martix (Wharton s Jelly), umbilical cord and peripheral blood, adipose tissue, and bone marrow. MSC charaterization via flow cytometry analysis. Differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells and Wharton s Jelly MSC to osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes, differentiation of NSC and MSC into neural cells. Techniques to determine cell viability and proliferation (MTS assay). Cell culture using microfluidic system. Nerve tissue engineering, 2D and 3D patterned polymeric scaffold designs. Immunocytochemistry. Microscopy (optical, fluorescent, and confocal microscopy). Molecular Biology RNA isolation, Reverse Transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), gel electrophoresis.

3 AWARDS 2012 Young Histochemist Award, 14 th International Congress of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry (ICHC 2012), Kyoto, JAPAN 2011 Prof. Dr. Türkan Erbengi Research Award - Jury Special Award, 20 th National Electron Microscopy Congress with International Participation, Antalya, TURKEY 2010 METU Best PhD Thesis Award by the Gradute School of Applied and Natural Sciences Optimization of Stem Cell Culture Conditions for Cell Preservation and Differentiation, Application on Guided Nerve Tissue Engineering, TUBITAK, Young Scientists Grants Division, Integrated National-International PhD Programme Scholarship for PhD abroad 2003 ESB 2003 Young Scientist Travel Award by the European Society for Biomaterials, 18 th European Conference on Biomaterials (ESB 2003), Stuttgart, GERMANY PUBLICATIONS Journal Papers G. Erkanlı Senturk, K. Erkanlı, U. Aydın, D. Yucel, N. Isıksacan, F. Ercan, S. Arbak, The protective effect of oxytocin on ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat urinary bladder, Peptides DOI: /j.peptides G. Erkanlı Senturk, K. Erkanlı, U. Aydın, D. Yucel, N. Isıksacan, F. Ercan, S. Arbak, The protective effect of oxytocin on ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat urinary bladder, Peptides 2013, 40: O. Karadas, D. Yucel, H. Kenar, G. Torun Kose, V. Hasirci, Collagen scaffolds with in situ-grown calcium phosphate for osteogenic differentiation of Wharton s Jelly and menstrual blood stem cells, Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 2012, DOI: /term D. Yucel, G. T. Kose, V. Hasirci, Tissue Engineered, Guided Nerve Tube Consisting of Aligned Neural Stem Cells and Astrocytes, Biomacromolecules 11: D. Yucel, G. T. Kose, V. Hasirci, Polyester Based Nerve Guidance Conduit Design, Biomaterials 31: D. Yucel, N. Ozer, V. Hasirci. Construction of a choline biosensor through enzyme immobilization on a poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) grafted Teflon film. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 1004:

4 Book Chapters Yucel D, Kanneci Ia, Arslantunali D, Torun Kose G, Hasirci V, Spinal Cord Injury Tissue Engineering Using Stem Cells. In Hayat Ma, Ed, Tumors Of The Central Nervous System Volume 10, 2013, Pp Deniz Yücel, Halime Kenar, Albana Ndreu, Tugba Endogan, Nesrin Hasirci, and Vasif Hasirci. Nanotechnology in Biomaterials: Nanofibers in Tissue Engineering, Book Chapter in Bionanotechnology II Global Prospects, pp , Ed. David E. Reisner, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, FL, USA, 2012, ISBN: P. Yilgor, D. Yucel, H. Kenar, V. Hasirci. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: A Versatile Class of Biopolymers and their Biomedical Potential. Book chapter in Brazilian Network of Green Chemistry, pp , Ed. Prof. Dr. JOB Carioca, 2008, ISBN: V. Hasirci and D. Yucel. Polymers Used in Tissue Engineering. Encyclopedia of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 1(1): Conferences and Abstracts Oral Presentations 2013 D. Yucel, Nerve Tissue Engineering Using Stem Cells, 2 nd International Students Stem Cell Congress, May 24-26, İzmir, Turkey, D. Yucel, Doku Mühendisliğinde Güncel Konular, Üsküdar Üniversitesi 1. Biyomühendislik ve Genetik Günleri, 3-4 Mayıs, İstanbul, Turkiye, D. Yucel, O. Karadas, H. Kenar, G. Torun Kose, V. Hasirci, Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Applications in Tissue Engineering, 14 th International Congress of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry (ICHC 2012), August 26-29, Kyoto, JAPAN 2012 D. Yucel, Practical Applications of Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy, Fundamentals and Applications of Fluorescence Microscopy in Modern Cell Biology Course, American Society for Cell Biology and Koc University, August 11-17, Istanbul, TURKEY 2011 D. Yucel, G. Torun Kose, V. Hasirci Behavior of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Electrospun Fibrous Scaffolds, 20 th National Electron Microscopy Congress with international participation, Oct 25-28, Antalya, TURKEY 2011 D. Yucel, Sinir Doku Mühendisliği, Symposium on Tissue Engineering, Ege Üniversitesi Bilim Teknoloji Topluluğu (EBİLTET), April 11, Izmir, TURKEY

5 2010 D. Yucel, G. Torun Kose, V. Hasirci, Sinir Doku Mühendisliği Yöntemleri Kullanarak Kök Hücre İçeren Yönlü Nöral Tüp Tasarımı, Symposium on Biomaterials and Applications in Medicine, Dec 16, Istanbul, TURKEY 2010 D. Yucel, G. Torun Kose, V. Hasirci, Sinir hücresi olmak üzere indüklenmiş mezenkimal kök hücrelerinin sinir doku mühendisliğinde kullanımı. 1 st International Participating Stem Cell Symposium, Sept 29 - Oct 1, Samsun, TURKEY 2010 D. Yucel, H. Kenar, O. Karadas, B. Bayyurt, G. Torun Kose, N. Hasirci, V. Hasirci, Fetal Stem Cells in Tissue Engineering Applications. 1 st Annual Meeting of the Expertissues EEIG, European Institute of Excellence in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, July 26-27, AvePark, Guimaraes, PORTUGAL 2010 H. Kenar, D. Yucel, O. Karadas, G. Kose, V. Hasirci, Wharton Jelly MSC Behavior on Electrospun Biodegradable Polymer Mats. 1 st Annual Meeting of the Expertissues EEIG, European Institute of Excellence in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, July 26-27, AvePark, Guimaraes, PORTUGAL 2010 D.Yucel, G. Torun Kose, V. Hasirci. Stem cell based guided nerve tissue engineering. International Neuroimplantation Congress, January 22-23, Istanbul, TURKEY 2009 H.Kenar, D. Yucel, P.Yilgor, N.Hasirci, V.Hasirci. Polyhydroxyalkanoates in Tissue Engineering. 5th European Symposium on Biopolymers, ESBP 2009, November 18-20, Funchal, PORTUGAL 2009 D. Yucel, G. Torun Kose, V. Hasirci. Guided Tissue Engineered Nerve Tube Using Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells, 15 th Biomedical Science & Technology Symposium, August 16-19, Guzelyurt, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) 2009 V. Hasırcı, H. Kenar, D. Yücel, P. Zorlutuna, P. Yılgör, G. Köse, N. Hasırcı. Collagen and polyester-based scaffolds for tissue engineering. 237 th ACS National Meeting & Exposition, March 22-26, Salt Lake City, UT, USA 2007 P. Yilgor, D. Yucel, H. Kenar, V. Hasirci. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: A Versatile Class of Biopolymers, and Their Biomedical Potential, 1 st Brazilian Workshop On Green Chemistry, November 18-21, Fortaleza, BRAZIL 2007 V. Hasirci, H. Kenar, D. Yucel, P. Zorlutuna, P. Yilgor, B. Basmanav, B. Bayyurt, A. Ndreu, G. Torun Kose, N. Hasirci. Polymeric Nanobiomaterials in Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering, International Workshop on Nanobiotechnology and Genome technologies, 31 October - 3 November, Antalya, TURKEY 2007 H. Kenar, D.Yucel, E. Bella, G. Kose, C. Migliaresi, V. Hasirci. Effect of Polyester Type and Fiber Size on Wharton s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell Attachment, Annual Review Meeting of EXPERTISSUES, October 5-6,

6 Kusadasi, Izmir, TURKEY 2007 D. Yucel, G. Kose, V. Hasirci. Influence of Physical and Chemical Cues on Neural Stem Cell Behavior on Tissue Engineering Scaffolds, 13 th Biomedical Science & Technology Symposium, August 26-28, Istanbul, TURKEY 2007 H. Kenar, D. Yucel, D. Kaplan, M. Toner, G. Kose, V. Hasirci. Neural and Cardiomyogenic Lineage Markers Expressed by Wharton s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells, 13 th Biomedical Science & Technology Symposium, August 26-28, Istanbul, TURKEY 2007 G. T. Köse, H.Kenar, D. Yücel, V. Hasırcı. Bone and nerve tissue engineering, National Artificial Organs and Support Systems Congress (TUYOD), June 15-17, Istanbul, TURKEY 2006 H. Kenar, D. Yücel, G. Torun Köse, V. Hasirci. Polycondensation polymers of natural and synthetic origin as biomedical materials (Invited talk), Koç Üniv., Istanbul, TURKEY 2005 V. Hasırcı, D. Yücel, H. Kenar, G. Torun Köse. Behaviour of Osteoblasts and Osteosarcoma Cells on Micropatterned, Biological and Synthetic Polyesters (Invited talk), European Symposium on Biopolymers, November 24-25, Madrid, SPAIN 2005 V. Hasırcı, D. Yücel, H. Kenar, G. Torun Köse. Influence of Surface Topography and Chemistry and Cell Type on Cell-Tissue Engineering Carrier Interactions (Invited talk), 12 th Biomedical Science and Technology Symposium, September 20-23, Izmir, TURKEY Conference Proceedings 2011 C. Padeste, H. Özçelik, J. Ziegler, A. Schleunitz, M. Bednarzik, D.Yücel, V. Hasırcı. Replication of high aspect ratio pillar array structures in biocompatible polymers for tissue engineering applications, 36 th International Conference on Micro & Nano Engineering (MNE) Abstracts, Microelectronic Engineering, 88 (8), D. Yucel, H. Kenar, G. T. Kose, V. Hasirci. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Behaviour on Topographical Cues, TERMIS-EU 2008 Annual Porto Meeting Abstracts, Tissue Engineering Part A, 14(5), 878. Poster Presentations 2013 T. Dursun, D. Yücel, V. Hasırcı, Nerve Guides with Different Architecture for Use in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine International Society TERMIS-EU-2013, June17-20, Abstract Book Page 57, NS-P-04, Istanbul, Turkey, P Köroğlu, G Erkanlı Şentürk, D Yücel, Ö Bingöl Özakpınar, F Uras, S Arbak, Streptozotosin (stz) ile oluşturulan deneysel diyabette dışarıdan uygulanan oksitosinin testis üzerine olan etkisinin incelenmesi, Uluslararası

7 Katılımlı 21. Ulusal Elektron Mikroskopi Kongresi 21th National Electron Microscopy Congress with international participation, May, Mersin, Turkey, R. G. Aktas, S. Karahuseyinoglu, O. E. Tok, M. Karabork, D. Yucel. Actin Distribution in HepG2 cell-spheroids: A fluorescence microscopic study. Annual meeting of The American Society For Cell Biology (ASCB), poster no: 536, page 80, San Francisco, CA, USA, December 15-19, R. G. Aktas, S. Karahuseyinoglu, O. E. Tok, M. Karabork, D. Yucel. Actin Mito Tracker labeling in HepG2 Cell Cultures: Influence of different staining techniques on the morphology of mitochondria. Annual meeting of The American Society For Cell Biology (ASCB), poster no: 2195, page 183, San Francisco, CA, USA, December 15-19, P. Koroglu, G. Erkanli Senturk, D. Yucel, M.I. Tansoker, M.M. Canturk, S. Arbak, Histopathological evaluation of exogenous oxytocin on Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic adult rat testes, 15 th European Microscopy Congress, September 16-21, Manchester Central, UNITED KINGDOM 2012 G. Erkanli Senturk, K. Erkanli, U. Aydin, D. Yucel, S. Arbak, F. Ercan, N. Isıksacan, I. Bakir, Oxytocin protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury in urinary bladder, 14 th International Congress of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry (ICHC 2012), August 26-29, Kyoto, JAPAN 2012 D. Yucel, O. Karadas, H. Kenar, G. Torun Kose, V. Hasirci, Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Applications in Tissue Engineering, 14 th International Congress of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry (ICHC 2012), August 26-29, Kyoto, JAPAN 2012 P. Koroglu, G. Erkanli Senturk, D. Yucel, S. Arbak. Histopathological evaluation of exogenous oxytocin on Streptozotocin-induced diabetic adult rat testes, 11 th National Histology and Embryology Congress, Mayıs, Denizli, TURKEY 2010 D. Yucel, H. Kenar, H. Ozcelik, V. Hasirci. Nano/Microfibrous Scaffolds For Tissue Engineering. 23rd European Conference on Biomaterials (ESB2010), September 11-15, Tampere, FINLAND 2010 H. Özçelik, D. Yücel, C. Padeste, V. Hasırcı. The Effect of Surface Nanotopography on Neural Stem Cell Alignment. 6th Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Conference (NanoTR6), June15-18, Izmir, TURKEY 2010 D.Yucel, G. Torun Kose, V. Hasirci. Stem Cell Behavior on Polyester Based Electrospun Fibers. International Neuroimplantation Congress, January 22-23, Istanbul, TURKEY 2009 D.Yucel, G. Torun Kose, V.Hasirci. Astrocyte Guidance on Patterned Polyester Surfaces, 22 nd European Conference on Biomaterials (ESB 2009), September 7-11, Lausanne, SWITZERLAND 2009 O. Karadas, H. Kenar, D. Yucel, V. Hasirci. Mesenchymal Stem Cells of

8 Menstrual Blood and Wharton s Jelly Origin and Collagen-HAP Composite Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering, 15 th International Biomedical Science and Technology Symposium, August 16-19, Güzelyurt, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) 2008 D. Yucel, H. Kenar, G. T. Kose, V. Hasirci. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Behaviour on Topographical Cues, TERMIS-EU 2008 Annual Meeting, June 22-26, Porto, PORTUGAL 2008 H. Kenar, D. Yücel, V. Hasırcı. Mikrokanallı Polimerik Yapılar Wharton s Jelly Mezenşimal Kök Hücrelerinin Bölünmesinde Etkili mi? BIYOMUT, May 29-31, METU, Ankara, TURKEY 2008 H. Kenar, D. Yucel, V. Hasirci. Is Wharton s Jelly MSC Division Influenced by Substrate Microgrooves? 14 th International Biomedical Science & Technology Symposium, May 03-07, Muğla, TURKEY 2007 D. Yucel, H. Kenar, E. Bella, G. Kose, C. Migliaresi, A. Motta, V. Hasirci. Fabrication of Nano Size Polyester Fibers by Electrospinning, Trento Innovation Conferences in Materials Engineering (TICME), 1 st Meeting: Advances in Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, December 16-19, Trento, ITALY 2007 D. Yucel, H. Kenar, E. Bella, G. Kose, C. Migliaresi, V. Hasirci. Effect of Polyester Type and Fiber Size on Wharton s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell Attachment, 4th European Symposium on Biopolymers (ESBP 2007), October 2-4, Kusadasi, Izmir, TURKEY 2007 N.G. Durmus, E. Bayam, S. Keskil, D. Yucel, V. Hasirci. In vitro Antitumor Activity of Temozolomide and Celecoxib Loaded PLGA Discs Against Saos 2 and Glioma C6 Cells, 13 th Biomedical Science & Technology Symposium, August 26-28, Istanbul, TURKEY 2007 D. Yucel, H. Kenar, P. Sethu, N. Parashurama, V. Hasirci, D. Kaplan, M. Toner, Expression of Neural and Cardiomyogenic Lineage Markers by Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Bone Marrow and Wharton s Jelly, 2 nd Annual Methods in Bioengineering Conference, July 12-13, Boston, MA, USA 2006 D. Yücel, G. Torun Köse, V. Hasirci. Effect of Topography and Chemical Cues on Behaviour of Neural Stem Cells, Regenerate World Congress on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, April 24-27, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 2005 D. Yücel, G. Torun Köse, V. Hasirci. Cell Behaviour on Patterned Polyesters, 12 th Biomedical Science and Technology Symposium, September 20-23, Izmir, TURKEY 2003 D.Yucel, F.N. Kok, V.Hasirci. Construction of an Enzyme Biosensor, 10 th Biomedical Science and Technology Symposium, October 10-12, Girne, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC)

9 2003 D.Yucel, F.N. Kok, V.Hasirci. Construction of a Teflon Based Hema-Grafted Enzyme Biosensor, 18 th European Conference on Biomaterials (ESB 2003), October 1-4, Stuttgart, GERMANY 2002 D. Yucel, F.N. Kok, V.Hasirci, Immobilization of Choline Oxidase for a Choline Biosensor, 9 th International Symposium on Biomedical Science and Technology, September 19-22, Kemer, Antalya, TURKEY Attended Meetings New Trends in Clinical Proteomics Symposium, Acibadem University, June 2, 2011, Istanbul, Turkey Tıp Fakültesi Eğitici Gelişimi Temel Kursu, Nisan 2011, Acibadem Universitesi, Istanbul I. Tıp Eğitimi Günleri, 9-10 Haziran 2011, Acibadem Universitesi, Istanbul PROJECTS INVOLVED Study of the Influence of Micropatterned Polymeric PHBV8-PLLA Films on the Growth and Proliferation of Neural Tissues and Molecular Approaches in Nerve Tissue Growth: In Vitro Neural Tissue Engineering, Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, Health Sciences Division (TUBITAK, SBAG) Project No: Stem Cell Based Nerve Tissue Engineering on Patterned Constructs, METU Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Project (Project Code: BAP ) Construction of a Choline Oxidase Biosensor, METU Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Project (Project Code: BAP ). MEMBERSHIP International Federation of Societies of Microscopy International Federation of Societies for Histochemistry and Cytochemistry European Microscopy Society Turkish Society for Electron Microscopy The Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine International Society (TERMIS) Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Society (Turkey)

10 ORGANIZATION Member of the organizing committee, Fundamentals and Applications of Fluorescence Microscopy in Modern Cell Biology Course, American Society for Cell Biology and Koc University, August 11-17, Istanbul, TURKEY Member of the local organizing committee, 15 th International Biomedical Science and Technology Symposium (BIOMED 2009), August 2009, METU NCC, Güzelyurt, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) Member of the local organizing committee, 13 th International Biomedical Science and Technology Symposium (BIOMED 2007), August 2007, Istanbul, TURKEY. Member of the local organizing committee, 4 th European Symposium on Biopolymers (ESBP 2007), October, 2007, Kuşadası, TURKEY. Member of the local organizing committee, Workshop on Nanobiomaterials: Tissue Engineering and Nanobiotechnology, 1-2 September 2008, METU, Ankara, TURKEY. RESEARCH EXPERIENCE ABROAD 22 June- 20 August 2007 Research on culture and characterization of human bone marrow and Wharton s Jelly mesenchymal stem cells, differentiation to osteoblasts and adipocytes, culture in a microfluidic system at MGH BIOMEMS, Charlestown MA & Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, and TERC, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA as part of my Integrated National-International PhD Programme Optimization of Stem Cell Culture Conditions for Cell Preservation and Differentiation, Application on Guided Nerve Tissue Engineering 22 April- 5 May 2007 Nanofiber production from polyesters by electrospinning at DIMTI (Univ. of Trento), Trento, ITALY as part of FP6 EXPERTISSUES project 25 Feb- 4 March 2007 Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord matrix (Wharton s Jelly) through explant culture and from adipose tissue at Ludwig Boltzmann Institute (LBI), Linz, AUSTRIA as part of FP6 EXPERTISSUES project 7 Nov Sep 2006 Research on isolation of human mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord blood, culture and characterization of human bone marrow and Wharton s Jelly mesenchymal stem cells, culture in a microfluidic system at MGH BIOMEMS, Charlestown MA & Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, and TERC, Tufts

11 University, Medford, MA, USA as part of my TUBITAK Integrated National-International PhD Programme Optimization of Stem Cell Culture Conditions for Cell Preservation and Differentiation, Application on Guided Nerve Tissue Engineering COURSES/WORKSHOPS ATTENDED October nd Alea Jacta EST/EXPERTISSUES Tutorial Course: Tissue Engineering of Bone and Cartilage: Current Trends and Future Perspectives, Antalya, TURKEY 5-9 July 2004 Third Ege Biennial International Neuroscience Graduate Summer School, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine and Center for Brain Research, Izmir, TURKEY