LCAs and EPDs of Building Materials

Transcription

1 LCAs and EPDs of Building Materials Presented by: James Salazar Senior Researcher, Athena Institute

2 Outline of Presentation 1: Background on Athena and LCA 2: LCAs and EPDs of Windows 3: Conducting an LCA with Athena 4: Window LCA Tool

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4 Life Cycle Thinking Life Cycle Thinking seeks to identify possible improvements to goods and services in the form of lower environmental impacts and reduced resource use across all life cycle stages. It begins with raw material extraction and conversion, then manufacture and distribution, through to use and/or consumption. It ends with re-use, recycling of materials, energy recovery and ultimate disposal.

5 Why do an LCA Gain comprehensive environmental life cycle perspective - (identify win-win outcomes) Transparent / Scientific Credibility / Quantitative Demonstrates proactive social responsibility Control message, image and data LCA is in building rating systems and codes

6 Why do an LCA Voluntary assessment/rating tools & programs: LEED, Green Globes, state & local programs, etc. Model codes & standards: primarily ASHRAE 189.1, IgCC, & NGBS State code/s: CALGreen Federal regulations & programs: FTC Green Guides, EPA EPP program, Executive Orders & Environmental groups/organizations & consumers Slide credit Jeff Inks, WDMA

7 LCA Standards Standardization of Scope and Data to Ensure Comparability ISO 14040, 14044, 21930, North American Windows PCR 2 European Door PCRs Internationally Accepted Best Practices

8 ISO LCA Framework

9 Impact Categories

10 Life Cycle of a Window

11 Previous Window LCA Studies Numerous Published Studies STUDY GOAL FUNCTIONAL UNIT Weir and Consider Relative Double Glazed Wood Muneer Impacts Window 1998 RESOURCE EXTRACTION AND COMMODITIES MANUFACTURE Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Wood, Aluminum, and Glass LIFE CYCLE STAGE CONSIDERED IN STUDY SECONDARY USE, MAINTENANCE MANUFACTURE AND REPLACEMENT Sealed Unit, Wood Frame, Aluminum Flashing, Spacer, and Hardware END OF LIFE Each Study Starts from Scratch Increased Performance Outweighs Increased Manufacturing Citherlet et al Entec 2000 Asif et al Kiani et al Recio et al Syrrakou et al Compare Frame Materials & Justify Energy Payback Compare Frame Materials Compare Frame Materials Justify Energy Payback Compare Frame Materials & Justify Energy Payback Justify Energy Payback Numerous Window Systems Wood and PVC Window Frames Aluminum, PVC, Wood, and Clad Frames Fully Glazed Commercial Building Envelope Five Window Types Electrochromic Device Float Glass, Fiberglass, Argon, Aluminum, Thermoplast, Wood, Plywood, PVC Wood, Paint, PVC, Steel, Aluminum, TBTO Preservative Aluminum, PVC, and Wood Glass, Argon, and Krypton PVC, Steel, Glass, Aluminum, and Wood K-glass, Tungsten Oxide, Lithium Perchlorate, and Silicone Wood, PVC, and Aluminum Frames, Sealed Unit, Replacement, Thermal Blinds, and Finished Performance Window System Wood and PVC Frames Thermal Performance Landfilling Wood, Aluminum Clad Maintenance and Wood, PVC, and and Replacement Aluminum Frames, Thermal and Lighting Tinted and Reflective Performance, Recycling Sealed Unit Replacement Aluminum, Wood, and PVC Thermal and Permeation Landfilling Frames Electrochromic Device Thermal Performance Mixed Results Depending on Scope Salazar and Sowlati 2008a Blom et al Tarantini et al Compare Frame Materials Compare Frame Materials and Maintenance Regimes LCA to inform Green Public Procurement Policy Aluminum Clad Wood, PVC, and Fiberglass Windows Softwood, Hardwood, and PVC Windows Wood Frame Windows Aluminum, Wood, PVC, Fiberglass, Glass, and Steel Azobe, Spruce, PVC, Alkyd in Solvent and H2O Wood, Preservative, Adhesives, Glazing, Paint Al Clad Wood, PVC, and Fiberglass Frames, Sealed Units, Finished Windows Softwood, Hardwood, and PVC Windows Wood Frame, Double Glazing Maintenance and Replacement Stripping, Painting, Replace Hinges, Locks, and Sealant Thermal Performance and Maintenance Landfilling Incineration and Landfilling Landfilling and Recycling Sinha and Kutnar, 2012 Compare Frame Materials and Thermal Properties Wood, PVC, and Aluminum Frame Windows Wood, PVC, Aluminum, Glazing, Chromium Steel, PET, Nylon Wood Frame, Aluminum Frame, and PVC Frame Windows Thermal Performance Incineration and Landfilling

12 Goal and Scope If you don t know where you re going you might end up someplace else - Yogi Berra

13 Goal and Scope Design of LCA Functional unit what precisely is being studied what service delivered by the product system System boundaries Which life cycle stages to be included Impact categories Allocation methods How to partition the environmental load of a process when several products or functions share the same process

14 Goal and Scope Meeting LCA Goals Data requirements Assumptions Limitations Value choices Data quality requirements Type of critical review, if any Type and format of the report required for the study.

15 Manufacturing

16 Double Glazed IGU Manufacture

17 Impact Categories

18 Windows LCA Tool Why is it Useful? Presents Results in Alignment with PCR Houston, Minneapolis, and Washington customer locations Compatible with NFRC Test Sizes TRACI Impact Assessment and Cumulative Energy Demand Allows Real Time Sensitivity Analysis Material Use Increase/Decrease Energy Use Increase/Decrease Batch Order Results Calculation of LCA results for multiple windows based on common modular data Integrated with Athena Carbon Sequestration Calculator

19 Windows LCA Tool Granularity of Results Frame Materials Pre-manufacture Glazing Materials Pre-manufacture Delivery of Materials to Manufacturer Manufacturing Impacts Energy Use Material Use Installation and Maintenance Use Phase Performance End of Life Impacts Net Carbon Sequestration for Wood Windows

20 Windows LCA Tool

21 Dimensions

22 Service Life

23 Distance to Customer

24 Frame and Glazing Type

25 Customer City

26 Impact Indicator

27 Life Cycle Results

28 Results By Life Stage

29 Sensitivity Analysis

30 Parameters to Modify

31 Parameters to Modify

32 Batch Results

33 Multiple Window Dimensions

34 The Athena Sustainable Materials Institute Ottawa, ON, Canada and Kutztown, PA, USA Get in touch with us for more information. THANK YOU!