Graphene: a US military funding perspective

Transcription

1 Scott Dudley Graphene: a US military funding perspective Scott Dudley is the physics program manager for the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research s London office. He is responsible for finding and funding basic research of Air Force interest throughout Europe, the former Soviet Union, and Africa. He obtained a PhD in physics from Washington University, St Louis, in Since then he has taught at the U. S. Air Force Academy and worked export control and other international issues in Washington. He moved to London for his present position in 2007.

2 Graphene A US Military Funder s Perspective LtCol Scott Dudley, Physics European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (EOARD), London Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), Arlington, Virginia Distribution A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 88 ABW/PA Case File Number 88ABW

3 Please allow me to introduce myself I m a man of wealth and taste I ve Ive been around for many a long year Stole many a man s soul and faith

4 many a long years ago The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977 Ilya Prigogine

5 EOARD 1952 to present Brussels 1970 present London continuity was, in itself, an important aspect in obtaining the respect and cooperation of the European scientific community (from EOARD History, )

6 AFOSR s International Offices AFOSR (1951) Air Force Office of Scientific Research EOARD (1952 & under AFOSR since 1975) European Office of Aerospace Research and Development AOARD (1992) Asian Office of Research and Development SOARD (2007, in Santiago since 2009) South American Office of Aerospace Research and Development The sun never sets on AFOSR

7 EOARD Area of Responsibility AOARD

8 United Kingdom France Germany Netherlands Italy Distribution of EOARD and EC FP7 Switzerland Israel basic research projects Spain Sweden Belgium Finland Austria Hungary Denmark Greece Top 10 Czech Republic Portugal EOARD projects awarded FY05 09 in EC EOARD EU FP7/ERC Norway Member States or FP7 Associated Countries UK UK Cyprus (excludes Russia, Ukraine, e,ec),309 etc.), total. oa Germany France Ireland Israel Germany Bulgaria European Research Council Starting Grants Italy Netherlands Poland awarded in Advanced Grants awarded in Sweden Italy Turkey 2008, 574 total. France Switzerland Iceland Nth Slovakia Netherlands Israel Spain Spain Croatia Lithuania Belgium Sweden Romania Czech Rep. Belgium Serbia 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Percent of Total Projects

9 And then one day you find Ten years have got behind you No one told you when to run You missed the starting gun Pink Floyd Time 1973 Photo: Live 8 concert Hyde Park 2 July 2005

10 The Starting Gun: + + Oct22 22, 2004 Novoselov, Geim, et al, Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films, Science, 306 From Graphene A rising star in view of scientometrics, Barth and Marx,

11 Graphene for Defense Applications Next generation electronics smaller, faster, better New applications Terahertz Novel quantum devices

12 Graphene Current DoD Research Efforts DARPA Carbon Electronics for Radio Frequency Applications (CERA), $30M over 51 months start 2008 Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI), each typically $7.5M for 5 years ($1.5M/yr) AirForce Fundamental Graphene Material Studies and Device Concepts, start 2009 Navy 3 MURIs Tailoring Electronic Bandgap of Nanostructure Graphene, start 2009 Army MURI Novel 2 d oxides and nitrides, start 2011 Other Air Force grants further $1M in FY10 Other Navy grants approximately $1M in FY10 ~$15M/year, near 1% of DoD s annual basic research

13 DoD Basic Research Enterprise ($ Millions) DoD Total FY10 Basic Research Budget = $1.8B 4 Jan 10

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15 And all the science I don t understand It s just my job five days a week Elton John Rocket Man 1972

16 Digression Compound Semiconductors Bandgap Energy vs Lattice Constant for various semiconductor systems 1980s 1990s 1970s

17 Band Gap Engineering in Graphene Geometry nanoribbons, constrictions, vacancy/substitution superlattices ltti Interactions with substrate or other layers, e.g SiC Bi layer graphene Chemical Modification Others Graphene on SiC FETs from DARPA CERA

18 Graphane Hydrogenated Graphene Graphane 1 hydrogen per carbon, tailoring electrical properties with hydrogenation, Geim, Novoselov, et al., Science, 30 Jan2009 Hydrogen storage?

19 Graphane discovered 2009 as of 26 Jan ! With over 300 of these citing this seminal paper WEEK OF JANUARY 9, 2011 Sci Bytes Hot Paper in Chemistry the report now ranks as the 3 rd most cited paper, excluding reviews, published in the last two years in chemistry

20 Graphane Articles papers through 2010 papers thru 2009 papers thru 2008

21 Citation Summary as of 26 Jan 2011 Graphene exfoliation published 2004/5, 62,500 Graphane first publication Jan 2009, 472 with over 300 citing Geim and Novoselov s seminal paper! Fluorographene first produced mid 2010, 18 it s really only ~4 papers, there are extra hits in Google Scholar

22 Timescales Idea to Product Fluorescent lamp 79 years Gyrocompass 56 years Cotton picker 53 years Zipper 27 years Jetengine engine 14 years Radar 13 years Sft Safety razor 9 years Wireless telephone 8 years Taken from E Bomb by Doug Beason

23 Historical Perspective from Professor Nick Holonyak, University of Illinois, Urbana

24 Iconic First Devices Transistor Bardeen and Brattain 1947 Nobel Prize 1956 Integrated Circuit Kilby 1956 Nobel Prize 2000 Graphitic Device Geim and Novoselov 2004 Nobel Prize 2010

25 Message from Nature?

26 Thanks Sundog over Stockholm, December 8, 2010, morning of Nobel Lectures in Physics

27 Contact Information Lt Col Scott C. Dudley, PhD Physics Program Manager European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (EOARD) Get charged up From London: Address: (mobile) 86 Blenheim Crescent Ruislip, Middlesex United Kingdom HA4 7HB From the U.S.: (mobile) Address: Unit 4515, Box 14 APO, AE DSN: Commercial: (from US) it s all physics! For stickman ik figure explanation, see The human discharge chain Scott C. Dudley, Bret D. Heerema, and Ryan K. Haaland, Rounding the corner of 7th Avenue eyes on the street and bent to it again...gone Kerouac Am. J. Phys (1997)