What s a conceptual model? FRBR BEGINNINGS. FRBR Basics, AACR & the OPAC FRBR GOALS ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP MODEL ORGANIZATION OF THE FRBR REPORT

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1 FRBR BEGINNINGS FRBR Basics, AACR & the OPAC The 1990 Stockholm Seminar commissioned a study to define the functional requirements of bibliographic records. ed on by IFLA Study Group on Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records, Approved by IFLA Section on Cataloging, 1997 & published by Saur in 1998 Incorporated into JSC Strategic Plan for AACR 2001/2002 FRBR GOALS 1. to delineate in clearly defined terms the functions performed by the bibliographic record with respect to various media, various applications and various user needs. 2. to recommend a basic level of functionality and basic requirements for records created by national bibliographic agencies that would meet essential user needs. 3. FRBR is not a new cataloging code. AACR3 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP MODEL Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (09 FEB 02) entity-relationship model <database, specification> An approach to data modelling proposed by P. Chen in The model says that you divide your database in two logical parts, entities (e.g. "customer", "product") and relations ("buys", "pays for"). Entity-relationship diagrams can be used to represent a model. What s a conceptual model? Abstract depiction of the universe of things being described The things in that universe (entities) Identifying characteristics of those entities (attributes/elements) The relationships among the entities ORGANIZATION OF THE FRBR REPORT Part 1 Definition of Entities and their Attributes Part 2 Bibliographic Relationships Part 3 A national level bibliographic record for all types of materials Part 4 User Tasks (e.g., Find, Identify, Select & Obtain) 1

2 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP MODEL FRBR ENTITIES Entities Relationships Attributes Shakespeare Hamlet Dates Relationship English author Entity 1 Entity 2 Group 1: The products of intellectual or artistic endeavor: Group 2: Those responsible for production or custodianship of group 1 entities: Person Corporate Body Group 3: Subjects of works: Concept Object Event Place Group 1 A distinct intellectual or artistic creation The intellectual or artistic realization of a work The physical embodiment of an expression of a work A single example of a manifestation Group 1 Building blocks of the FRBR structure : abstract intellectual or artistic creation : version of the work language, illustrator, translator, performer : physical carrier of the expression published edition single physical representation (copy) FRBR Links to Many to many: book to movie to One to many: music to different performances; book in different languages to One to one FRBR Links to One to many: book to different publishers Many to one: series, analytics, and collected works to One to many: series, analytics, and collected works Many to one: different publishers 2

3 FRBR Links to One to many: one book to multiple copies to One to one Group 1 is realized through recursive is embodied in one is exemplified by many Group 2 FRBR Group 3 has as subject FRBR has as subject Person is owned by is produced by is realized by is created by Person Corporate Body has as subject Corporate Body Concept Object Event many Place many Vocabulary Book Door prop (item) publication at bookstore any copy (manifestation) Vocabulary Book Who translated? (expression) Who wrote? (work) 3

4 Examples 1. Leatherbound autographed copy in Rare Books Collection? 2. Digitized version of the Oxford University Press text published in 2008? 3. French translation? 4. London Symphony Orchestra 2005 performance? 5. Three Musketeers? 19 : : : FRBR Entity Levels Orig. Text : Copy 1 Autographed The Play Transl. Family of works Critical Edition Paper PDF HTML Copy 2 The Movie Orig. Version Relationships -/ w 1 Charles Dickens A Christmas carol e 1 the author s original English text e 2 a Tamil translation by V.A. Relationships - // w 1 J.S. Bach s Goldberg variations e 1 performance by Glen Gould in 1981 m 1 recording released on 331/3 rpm sound disc in 1982 by CBS Records m 2 recording re-released on compact disc in 1993 by Sony m 3 digitization of the Sony re-release as MP3 in 2000 Entity relationships: English translation by Rodney Merrill: The odyssey Electronic version: EEBO, ( bo/image/43589) Homērou Odysseia... many expressions of the work... English translation by John Ogilby: Homer his Odysses Three manifestations of the expression Print: London, 1669 (Wing H2555, 358 p.) (Ex) f; Bound with Homer, his Iliads Modern Greek translation by I. Polylas: Homērou Odysseia Microform: UMI, 1982 (positive, b&w) (Film) :1 MARC 000 cam a s 1912 gw ger d 035 a (OCoLC)ocm a ZIH c ZIH d PUL 041 a ger h eng 100 a Shakespeare, William, d a Hamlet. l German a Hamlet, Prinz von Dèanemark / c von William Shakespeare ;èubersezt von Heinrich Voss. 260 a [Dèusseldorf : b E. Ohle, c 1912] 300 a 145 p. ; c 28 cm. 500 a Number 141 of an edition of 200 copies. 5 NjP 563 a Bound by Carl Sonntag jun. in Leipzig. 5 NjP a Voss, Heinrich, d b ex h a

5 MARC: FRBR mapping Relationships cam a s 1912 gw ger d 035 a (OCoLC)ocm a ZIH c ZIH d PUL a ger h eng a Shakespeare, William, d a Hamlet. l German a Hamlet, Prinz von Dèanemark / c von William Shakespeare ;èubersezt von Heinrich Voss. 260 a [Dèusseldorf : b E. Ohle, c 1912] 300 a 145 p. ; c 28 cm. 500 a Number 141 of an edition of 200 copies. 5 NjP 563 a Bound by Carl Sonntag jun. in Leipzig. 5 NjP a Voss, Heinrich, d b ex h a Field data: Record /// w 1 Lost treasures of the world e 1 the interactive electronic resource m 1 the CD published in 1994 by Follgard CD- Visions i 1 first copy held by Calgary Public Library i 2 second copy held by Calgary Public Library Objectives of a catalog: display All the works associated with a person, etc. All the expressions of the same work All the manifestations of the same expression All items/copies of the same manifestation Collocation Hamlet English French German Swedish Shakespeare Columbia University Copy 1 Green leather binding Romeo and Juliet Stockholm 2008 Pathways to Related s Stoppard Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead Movies Subject Derivative works Hamlet Text English French German Swedish Shakespeare Library of Congress Copy 1 Green leather binding Romeo and Juliet Stockholm 2008 Collocation by s Shakespeare, William, All s well that ends well As you like it Hamlet Macbeth Midsummer night s dream Collocation by Family of s and s Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. + Texts + Motion Pictures + Sound Recordings 5

6 Collocation by s Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. + Texts Danish + Texts Dutch + Texts English + Texts French + Texts Spanish + Motion Pictures English + Sound Recordings - English Collocation of s Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. - Motion pictures English Director, Bill Collegan Director, Kevin Kline, Kirk Browning Director, Franco Zeffirelli Director, Maria Muat Director, Kenneth Branagh Director, Campbell Scott, Eric Simonson FRBR Display - Serial Atlantic monthly Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1993-) Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : ) Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : ) Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : ) Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : ) FRBR Display - Serial Atlantic monthly Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1993-) Online Paper Microfilm Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : ) Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : ) Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : ) Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : ) FRBR Benefits Circulation: Place holds at or level rather than only at manifestation level (VTLS and OCLC demonstrate this) Hamlet English Database/format Scenarios FRBR registry FRBR Future Bib record record (description) (flat-file) information RDA element registry Author: Lee, T. B. Title: Cataloguing has a future title: Content type: Cataloguing Spoken word has a future Carrier type: information Audio disc Subject: Metadata Name authority record Name: Subject authority record Provenance: information Donated by the author Label: ONIX information RDA content type registry Based on Gordon Dunsire s slide RDA carrier type registry Label: Spoken word 6

7 Linked Data information Name authority record Author: Subject: Name: Lee, T. B. Title: Cataloguing has a future information Subject authority record Content type: information Label: Metadata Title: Cataloguing has a future Carrier type: information RDA content type registry Provenance: Donated by the author Label: Spoken word RDA carrier type registry Audio disc Package for Data Sharing Communication format record information Name authority record Author: Subject: Title: Cataloguing has a future Name: Lee, T. B. information Content type: information Subject authority record Label: Metadata Title: Cataloguing has a future Carrier type: information RDA content type registry Provenance: Donated by the author Label: Spoken word RDA carrier type registry Audio disc Current Practice We currently catalog by manifestation (piece in hand) describe the manifestation access points for the work and expression Can t easily group by expression Can t see relationships Many separate records for same work Possibilities Group related versions of works for easy identification and selection Place holds at different levels of display work expression manifestation item Problem Areas Need to identify roles of Group 2 entities (persons, corporate bodies) same person with different roles different persons with same roles s are difficult to locate and define Do we need a Super work Gone with the Wind (book) Gone with the Wind (movie) FRBR Benefits for Users Easier to find information as a single search retrieves all related materials Easier to see all the different expressions of a single work Easier to find all manifestations OPAC becomes simpler to navigate and understand Place holds at or level rather than only at the manifestation level Better understanding of relationships among related works or expressions 7

8 FRBR Benefits for Librarians Reduction in cataloging load has to be cataloged only once for all expressions under it has to be cataloged once for all manifestations under it Easier to find information as a single search retrieves all related materials Better logic and organization to catalog FRBERIZING AACR2 A new interest in cataloging Resource Description and Access (RDA) will use FRBR model FRBERIZING A RULE 1.5A3 If an item is available in different formats (e.g., as text and microfilm; as sound disc and sound tape reel), give the physical description of the format in hand. 1.5A3 If manifestations of a work are available in different formats FRBERIZING RELATIONSHIPS Collocation When is a work or an expression a new work or expression? Relators Authority Control in RDA EQUIVALENT Microform reproduction Simultaneous publication Cop y Exact reproduction Facsimile Reprint Editions Revision Translation Variations or versions Illustrated edition DERIVATIVE Abridged edition Expurgated edition Arrangement Sl ight modifications Su mmary Abstract Digest Adaptations Free translation Dramatization Novelization Screenplay Libretto Change of genre Parody Imitations Same style o r thematic content DESCRIPTIVE Review Casebook Criticism Annotated edition Evaluation Commentary Whole-Part Relationships Inherent among the Group 1 entities Content relationships among works/expressions Original Same work Same New Cataloging Rules cut-off point New work New B. Tillett Dec Derivative Sequential Accompanying 8

9 FRBR & THE OPAC OCLC Fiction Finder RLG RedLightGreen VTLS Virtua OCLC FICTION FINDER Prototype system for searching and browsing fiction Clustered at the work level Organized by work and expression Fiction Finder result set display Fiction Finder record display RedLightGreen and FRBR RedLG: Title Cluster NOT a FRBR implementation Realities of the Rock and the Hard Place FRBR Group 1 Entities invaluable during planning,,, Common language Precisely defined concepts FRBR and RedLightGreen in a nutshell Mission: Make the Union Catalog relevant to undergraduates Reduce the number of editions on the results screen Use FRBR concepts such as, and to discuss how records should cluster 9

10 RedLG: Editions Get it [at your library] example ~ FRBR With the entity defined as manifestations we can describe the physical characteristics of a set of items [ ] enabling users to choose a manifestation appropriate to their [ ] needs (FRBR 22) VIRTUA BY VTLS Separate records for work, expression, manifestation & item in a tree structure "peaceful co-existence" of a FRBR and non-frbr records Universite catholique de Louvain (UCL) went live in Jan Super A Super (or Supra) is a record that has other works (sub works) related to it For example, the novel Beau Geste by P. C. Wren is one FRBR, and the several movies that have been created from the book are also separate FRBR s. The Super work is an artificial creation that links all these related works Super The record for the Super of Beau Geste Super The tree expanded to show the sub works of the Super The record for the novel (a sub work of the Super ) 10

11 Super The tree expanded to show the and s of the 1939 movie The record for the 1939 movie FRBR-ized OPAC Displays Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. [Text] Translation. French