Assignment 2: Thesaurus Construction Project Report

Transcription

1 : Thesaurus Construction Project Report Sally Blanchard San Jose State University LIBR247: Vocabulary Design November 2, 2011

2 Sally Blanchard, 2 Report This report lays out my process for constructing a small thesaurus for the library and information science community, based on fifteen subject statements provided by our instructor. Included are the steps in my process with their narrative explanation, as well as four appendices detailing various parts of the construction facet analysis, relationship establishment and final term selection. Thesaurus Construction Process 1. Broke down the subject statements into individual elements. I began this project by first looking at the provided subject statements (available in Appendix A) and picking out the different elements of the sentences, the parts that I thought built the main idea of the statements. In some ways, this was almost a grammatical exercise. I had to determine which parts of the sentence were acting on other parts, which words were modifying the subjects. For example, I kept CHILDREN S LIBRARY as a single element initially because it was one single phrase within the statement; it is a particular kind of library, one for children. 2. Placed individual elements into one master list. After breaking down the subject statements, the elements were verbatim to how they were written in the statements. I next wanted to place them in a single master list, away from the context of the statements and the built in support of the other words. At this point, I felt that the elements should be able to exist on their own and to be somewhat interchangeable. You would,

3 Sally Blanchard, 3 for example, be able to switch EVALUATING with DESIGNING in the statement Evaluating instructions for seniors in the use of the OPAC in public libraries. You could also substitute academic libraries for public libraries. This was the beginning phase of trying to parse the elements into single words and phrases that would be concise and still retain their meaning. 3. Assigned facet categories to each term to gain a clearer idea of each element s function; rewrote list to group facets together to see similarities. I next assigned facet categories to each item in my list. Using the facet analysis technique, I was able to gain a better understanding of the function of each element. I was able to break down elements even further, realizing that there was more interchangeability involved, and that concepts could be represented by adding two or more facets together. I could split IERNET and TECHNOLOGY for example, since they are both entities but different types of entities that could be combined together in the search process. I then rewrote my list to group similar facets, as can be seen in Appendix B. By listing the facets together, I further removed the elements from the specific context of their original subject sentences, and could see where certain elements overlapped in concept. Anything that had a similar or related meaning I combined and made a note to include USE and notes in the final thesaurus. I also tried to pare down the elements into as few words as possible, trying to represent the elements in the most concise way. This list was my initial attempt at thesaurus terms. 4. Checked my terms against thesaurus creation rules and made adjustments. Next, I checked my initial terms against the thesaurus creation rules of our textbook. I made adjustments to my terms, pluralizing terms when they answered the how many question (i.e. COMMUNITY into COMMUNITIES), turning verbs into their noun equivalents (i.e.

4 CLASSIFYING into CLASSIFICATION), eliminating hyphens when possible (IER- Sally Blanchard, 4 LIBRARY into IERLIBRARY), and so on. Some of these changes can be seen in Appendix D. This process was especially important for my compound terms, to make sure they were factored to the smallest term possible, that they were written in the correct order, and that they accurately represented the concept. 5. Created an initial hierarchy of terms. Then, I started to establish relationships between my terms. For example, I set up a hierarchy for Canada. North America was clearly a broader version of Canada, whereas Alberta is a narrower version of Canada. For places, it was fairly straightforward, but there were some more abstract terms EVALUATION where the hierarchy was not as clear cut. I determined for the focus of my thesaurus that EVALUATION was really an aspect of RESEARCH, was a narrower term. EVALUATION had its own narrower terms, however, such as EFFECTIVENESS the condition that evaluation is trying to determine. Other terms such as TECHNOLOGY and SCIENCE had lots of overlap and the hierarchy and related terms became more complex. 6. Consulted suggested external thesauri to expand selection of entry points and relationships. After creating my own hierarchy of terms, I put them each one by one into the ASIS&T and Library Literature and Information Science Full Text Thesauri, to find other terms and relationships I had not considered previously. This was the most painstaking of all the steps, as I had to debate over each term. How many other terms did I want to include for each of my own? I decided as a general rule to take whatever was listed as Use or terms to expand the entry points for my thesaurus. I took a selection of broader, narrower and related terms, especially

5 Sally Blanchard, 5 when there were several listed. I wanted as many relationships as was possible, but too many terms would be out of the scope of the project. I also used this step as a way to see if there were better words for my terms that I hadn t thought of. I did switch out a few of my terms for bettersounding ones from ASIS&T such as EDUCATION for INSTRUCTION. But I also decided to use my own terms sometimes despite the suggestions of the consulted thesauri. From the beginning of the assignment, I decided I wanted to create my terms to the most concise, yet accurate, point possible, as suggested by our textbook. Also, I wanted to strive for consistency. For example, ASIS&T suggested using OLDER PERSONS for SENIORS. I felt that they were synonyms, and for my thesaurus I elected to have a one-word term over a two-word term, if they conveyed the same concept. The official term in my thesaurus became SENIORS with a OLDER PERSONS. This is a direct contradiction to ASIS&T. For another example, I used CATALOGING as a term, as there are not any other terms that fully convey that same meaning in a concise one-word option. ASIS&T uses BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASE instead of CATALOG. I elected to choose the non-compound term, since in this situation it matched with the already-in-use term CATALOG. I did the same for RECORDS (CATALOG) vs. BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORDS; I wanted the official terms in my thesaurus to be consistent. All of these relationships can be seen in Appendix C. 7. Created the thesaurus by entering all terms and relationships, and creating scope notes for a few potentially ambiguous terms. Entering the terms into the software was the most straightforward part of the thesaurus creation, as all of the intellectual groundwork and decision-making had been done by that point. As I entered terms that I realized I was defining in a certain way, I attached scope notes, such as

6 Sally Blanchard, 6 the note for the term SCIENCE. When everything was entered into the thesaurus template and all terms and relationships were checked off my working list, I went back through each term in the thesaurus, making sure the connections were accurate and that nothing had been missed. I felt that I had not missed anything, and then exported my final thesaurus into a text document. My final result had 142 entry points with 110 preferred terms. Reflection on End Product I feel that my process for creating the thesaurus was mostly sound. There are certain things I remain unsure about. The largest was translating the time facet into a thesaurus term. Using dates in a thesaurus made no sense to me, since dates are so explicit and thesauri exist to settle ambiguity. However, if the date range I had to work with was something less rigidly defined (i.e. the Great Depression has an arguable beginning and end point as opposed to the absolute ), there would be room for definition and preferred terms. For this assignment, I ignored completely, and it is not included in the thesaurus or at any stage past the facet analysis. I worry about my decision to stray away from the guidance of the established thesauri. In a real-life application of this assignment, I would go with what has been done before, rather than establish my own rules and applications. I now question my decisions in retrospect, and wonder if I should have gone with what ASIS&T said for CATALOG and SENIORS, for example. It is difficult balancing the purely theoretical principles from the textbook with what is in established practice. The principles leave room for other judgments and necessary changes, and that is what ASIS&T has already done from experience in the field. At the end of the assignment I feel that,

7 Sally Blanchard, 7 while I have a good understanding of the general practice and methods of thesaurus construction, my final product was created in a vacuum, ignoring the advice of those thesaurus creators who have tweaked their terms from real-world experience. I still see much room for improvement and want to tweak my terms, even at this late point in the assignment process. I am not happy with my term STORYTIME, and I wonder if it would be sensible to leave it out altogether and just allow CHILDEN+PROGRAMMING (EVES) to sum up that concept. However, STORYTIME is much more specific, whereas the term combination above would include all children s events. But is it necessary to have a term that is so specific? I wish that there were a way to test the functionality and effectiveness of my thesaurus, but that is not within the scope of this assignment. With all of that being said, I am pleased overall with my thesaurus, and have come out of this assignment with a good understanding of the methodology behind thesaurus creation.

8 Sally Blanchard, 8 Appendix A Initial Subject Statements 1. The place of knowledge brokers in the Canadian health research community. 2. The evolution of evidence-based librarianship in Britain. 3. Inter-library loan policies of community college libraries in Northern Alberta. 4. Ordering catalogue cards for rural reference libraries. 5. Using the computer to catalogue video programs in school library media centres. 6. Story-time ideas for toddlers, moms and dads. 7. Evaluating instruction for seniors in the use of the OPAC in public libraries. 8. The future of DVD-technology for archiving community newspapers. 9. A bibliometric analysis of scholarly journals in library and information science for the period Recommendations for standards for designing web sites for the physically handicapped. 11. Statistics on the impact of internet technologies on undergraduates uses of the academic library. 12. A history of the design of reference and information services for the children s library. 13. Classifying and indexing metadata protocols for small-scale digital libraries. 14. A discourse analysis of library school mission statements in North America. 15. An evaluation of Library of Congress Classification for antiquities.

9 Sally Blanchard, 9 Appendix B Facet Analysis Results Type of Facet Analyzed Facets Entities Abstract Library & information science Metadata Mission statements Recommendations Reference & information services Standards Statistics Storytime ideas Websites Entities Artefacts Antiquities DVD technology Internet technology Newspapers Video programs Entities Component Catalog cards Entities Whole/Complex Academic libraries Children s library Community college library Health research community Libraries Library school Public library Research libraries Rural research libraries School library media centers Small-scale digital libraries Entities Agents Evidence-based librarianship Knowledge brokers Entities Patients Children Parents Physically handicapped Seniors Undergraduates Entities Equipment OPAC Entities End Products Scholarly journals Activities Internal Process Development Interlibrary loan policies

10 Type of Facet Analyzed Facets Activities External Operations Analysis Archiving Cataloging Classifying Computer use Design Evaluating Indexing Instruction Ordering Place Britain Canada North America Northern Alberta Time Sally Blanchard, 10

11 Sally Blanchard, 11 Appendix C Term Relationships NB: This table contains only the terms that I created from my initial attempt, but additional terms found in external thesauri are included in the,, and columns. Reciprocity is, of course, reflected in the actual thesaurus. Term Academic Communities Students Journals Libraries Alberta Canada Analysis Evaluating Infometrics Research Archiving Digitization History Librarianship Libraries Britain Europe England Canada North America Alberta Catalog Cards Catalogs Surrogates Authority Metadata OPAC s Cataloging Services Catalogs Authority Description Metadata OPAC s Children Youth Parents Storytime Classifying Arrangement Entry Points Aboutness Categories Community Academic Adults Minorities Youth Community Colleges and Universities Colleges Computing Technology Digitization Encoding Processing Programming (Computers) Websites Abstraction Description Indexing Representation Compact Discs Data Digital DVD S Internet Design Disciplines Prototypes Architecture Development Metadata Growth Innovation

12 Sally Blanchard, 12 Term Digital Compact Discs DVD s Websites Computing Digitization Surrogates DVD s Digital Video Programs Compact Discs Computing Evaluating Analysis Effectiveness Journals Research Monitoring Handicapped Minorities Health Disciplines Science Technology Indexing Arrangement Entry Points Exhaustivity Specificity Abstraction Classifying Description Information Instruction Interlibrary Loan Internet Journals Policy Media Technology Telecommunications Media Periodicals Serials Concepts Metadata Representation Data Materials Reference Research Technology Schools Students Training Computing Websites Academic Evaluating Research Knowledge Concepts Librarianship Disciplines Services Archiving Libraries Libraries Organizations Services Academic Archiving Librarianship Research Schools Media Internet Journals Newspapers Periodicals Video Programs News

13 Sally Blanchard, 13 Term Metadata Information Cataloging Catalog Cards Catalogs Description Design OPAC S Standards Mission Schools Statements Newspapers North America Media Periodicals Canada Mexico United States Services News Serials OPAC S Catalogs Authority Catalog Cards Cataloging Metadata Parents Adults Children Policies Governance Interlibrary Loan Reference Services Skills Information Materials Research Research Skills Evaluating Analysis Information Journals Libraries Methods Reference Science Statistics Schools Colleges and Universities Instruction Libraries Mission Statements Science Disciplines Health Research Statistics Technology Seniors Services Adults Librarianship Libraries Cataloging Programming (Events) Reference Storytime Mission Statements Standards Benchmarks Metadata Statistics Methods Research Science

14 Term Storytime Services Children Technology Disciplines Computing Equipment Internet Video Programs Websites Undergraduates Students Usage Video Programs Websites Media Technology Computing Technology DVD S Films Sally Blanchard, 14 Programming (Events) Health Information Innovation Science Telecommunications User Digital Internet

15 Sally Blanchard, 15 Appendix D Final Term Selections D-1: List of Preferred Terms ABOUTNESS ABSTRACTION ACADEMIA ADULTS ALBEA ANALYSIS ARCHITECTURE ARCHIVING ARRANGEME AIFACTS AUTHORITY BENCHMARKS BRITAIN CANADA CATALOGING CATALOGS CATEGORIES CHILDREN CLASSIFICATION COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES COMMUNITIES COMMUNITY COLLEGES COMPACT DISCS COMPUTING CONCEPTS DATA DATABASES DESCIPTION DESIGN DEVELOPME DIGITAL OBJECTS DIGITIZATION DISCIPLINES DVD S EDUCATION EFFECTIVENESS ENCODING ENGLAND ERY POIS EQUIPME EUROPE EVALUATION EXHAUSTIVITY GOVERNANCE GOVERNME AGENCIES GROWTH HANDICAPPED HEALTH HISTORY INDEXING INFOMETRICS INFORMATION INNOVATION IERLIBRARY LOAN IERNET JOURNALS KNOWLEDGE LIBRARIANSHIP LIBRARIES MAGAZINES MANAGERS MATERIALS MEDIA METADATA METHODS MEXICO MINORITIES MISSION STATEMES MONITORING MOVIES NEWS NEWSPAPERS NOH AMERICA OPAC S ORGANIZATIONS PARES PERIODICALS POLICY PROCESSING PROGRAMMING (COMPUTERS) PROGRAMMING (EVES) PROTOTYPES PURCHASING RECORDS (CATALOG) REFERENCE REPRESEATION RESEARCH RURAL SCHOOLS SCIENCE SENIORS SERIALS SERVICES SKILLS SPECIFICITY STANDARDS STATISTICS STORYTIME STUDES SURROGATES TECHNOLOGY TELECOMMUNIC ATIONS UNDERGRADUAT ES UNITED STATES USAGE USERS VIDEOS WEBSITES YOUTH

16 Sally Blanchard, 16 D-2: Table of Usage Notes Term Scope Note Use Use For Former Version? Academic Scholars Academic Antiquities Artifacts Archiving Archivistics Archivistics Arrangement Artifacts Authority Bibliographic Databases Bibliographic Records Catalog Cards Catalogs Change Classification College Students Colleges and Universities Communities Concepts Configuration Country Cyberspace Design Development Digital Objects Digital Video Disks Disabled Persons Education Evaluation Evolution The organization of items or materials, NOT an agreement made between parties. The act of maintaining consistency among systems. Archiving Catalogs Records (Catalog) Records (Catalog) Development Undergraduates Design Rural Internet DVD S Handicapped Development Organization (of Items) Antiquities Bibliographic control Bibliographic Databases Universities and colleges -Groups (of Persons) -Peers Ideas Configuration Change Evolution Instruction Teaching Classifying Community Digital Evaluating

17 Sally Blanchard, 17 Term Scope Note Use Use For Former Version? Government Public Agencies Groups (of Communities Persons) Guidelines Standards Handicapped Disabled Persons Health Medical Science Ideas Concepts Instruction Education Internet Cyberspace Libraries If looking for a specific type of library, combine LIBRARY with another term, i.e. LIBRARIES+RESEARCH Managers For persons who act with Broker or upon materials, ultimately affecting change; i.e. knowledge broker Materials Any items that, when combined and/or utilized, result in an end product different from the sum of its parts; i.e. research Medical Science Health Movies In reference to complete Films motion pictures only. Older Persons Seniors Ordering Purchasing Organization (of Arrangement Items) Organizations An established body, i.e. a business or agency. Patrons Users Peers Communities Protocols Standards Public -Government Agencies Purchasing Ordering Recommendations Standards Records (Catalog) -Bibliographic Records -Catalog Cards Rural Country Scholars Academia

18 Sally Blanchard, 18 Term Scope Note Use Use For Former Version? Science For fields of study related to measurable, researchbased facts and to the application of those facts. Can be combined with other disciplines, i.e. the science of librarianship. Seniors Older Persons Standards Guidelines Protocols Recommendations Teaching Education Undergraduates College Students Universities and Colleges -Colleges and Universities Users Patrons Videos Video Programs

19 Sally Blanchard, 19 : Thesaurus Construction Project Thesaurus Sally Blanchard San Jose State University LIBR247: Vocabulary Design November 2, 2011

20 Sally Blanchard, 20 ABOUTNESS CLASSIFICATION REPRESEATION ABSTRACTION CLASSIFICATION DESCRIPTION INDEXING REPRESEATION ACADEMIA SCHOLARS COMMUNITIES STUDES JOURNALS LIBRARIES ADULTS COMMUNITIES PARES SENIORS ALBEA CANADA ANALYSIS EVALUATION INFOMETRICS RESEARCH AIQUITIES

21 Sally Blanchard, 21 ARCHITECTURE USE AIFACTS DESIGN ARCHIVING ARCHIVISTICS DIGITIZATION HISTORY LIBRARIANSHIP LIBRARIES ARCHIVISTICS ARRANGEME USE ARCHIVING SN The organization of items or materials, NOT an agreement made between parties. ORGANIZATION (OF ITEMS) CLASSIFICATION INDEXING AIFACTS AIQUITIES AUTHORITY SN The act of maintaining consistency among systems BIBLIOGRAPHIC COROL CATALOGING CATALOGS OPAC'S RECORDS (CATALOG)

22 Sally Blanchard, 22 BENCHMARKS STANDARDS BIBLIOGRAPHIC COROL USE AUTHORITY BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASES USE CATALOGS BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORDS USE RECORDS (CATALOG) BRITAIN EUROPE ENGLAND BROKERS CANADA USE MANAGERS NOH AMERICA ALBEA CATALOG CARDS CATALOGING USE RECORDS (CATALOG) SERVICES CATALOGS AUTHORITY DESCRIPTION METADATA OPAC'S

23 Sally Blanchard, 23 CATALOGS BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASES CATALOGING DATABASES OPAC'S RECORDS (CATALOG) AUTHORITY METADATA CATEGORIES CLASSIFICATION CHANGE CHILDREN USE DEVELOPME YOUTH PARES CLASSIFICATION STORYTIME ARRANGEME ERY POIS ABOUTNESS CATEGORIES ABSTRACTION DESCRIPTION INDEXING REPRESEATION

24 Sally Blanchard, 24 COLLEGE STUDES USE UNDERGRADUATES COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES SCHOOLS COMMUNITY COLLEGES COMMUNITIES GROUPS (OF PERSONS) PEERS ACADEMIA ADULTS MINORITIES YOUTH COMMUNITY COLLEGES COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES COMPACT DISCS DIGITAL OBJECTS EQUIPME COMPUTING DVD'S COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY DIGITIZATION ENCODING PROCESSING

25 Sally Blanchard, 25 PROGRAMMING (COMPUTERS) WEBSITES COMPACT DISCS DATA DIGITAL OBJECTS DVD'S IERNET CONCEPTS IDEAS INFORMATION INNOVATION KNOWLEDGE CONFIGURATION USE DESIGN COURY USE RURAL CYBERSPACE USE IERNET DATA COMPUTING INFORMATION DATABASES CATALOGS DESCRIPTION ABSTRACTION

26 Sally Blanchard, 26 CATALOGING CLASSIFICATION INDEXING METADATA REPRESEATION DESIGN CONFIGURATION DISCIPLINES PROTOTYPES ARCHITECTURE METADATA DEVELOPME CHANGE EVOLUTION GROWTH DIGITAL OBJECTS INNOVATION COMPACT DISCS DVD'S WEBSITES COMPUTING DIGITIZATION SURROGATES DIGITAL VIDEO DISKS USE DVD'S

27 Sally Blanchard, 27 DIGITIZATION COMPUTING ARCHIVING DIGITAL OBJECTS DISABLED PERSONS USE HANDICAPPED DISCIPLINES DESIGN HEALTH HISTORY LIBRARIANSHIP SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY DVD'S DIGITAL VIDEO DISKS DIGITAL OBJECTS VIDEOS COMPACT DISCS COMPUTING EDUCATION INSTRUCTION TEACHING SCHOOLS STUDES TRAINING

28 Sally Blanchard, 28 EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION ENCODING COMPUTING ENGLAND BRITAIN ERY POIS CLASSIFICATION INDEXING EQUIPME TECHNOLOGY COMPACT DISCS EUROPE BRITAIN EVALUATION ANALYSIS RESEARCH EFFECTIVENESS MONITORING JOURNALS EVOLUTION EXHAUSTIVITY USE DEVELOPME INDEXING FILMS

29 Sally Blanchard, 29 GOVERNANCE USE MOVIES GOVERNME AGENCIES POLICY GOVERNME AGENCIES PUBLIC GOVERNANCE GROUPS (OF PERSONS) GROWTH USE COMMUNITIES DEVELOPME GUIDELINES HANDICAPPED USE STANDARDS DISABLED PERSONS MINORITIES HEALTH MEDICAL SCIENCE DISCIPLINES SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY HISTORY DISCIPLINES ARCHIVING IDEAS

30 Sally Blanchard, 30 INDEXING USE CONCEPTS ARRANGEME ERY POIS EXHAUSTIVITY SPECIFICITY ABSTRACTION CLASSIFICATION DESCRIPTION REPRESEATION INFOMETRICS ANALYSIS INFORMATION CONCEPTS METADATA DATA MATERIALS REFERENCE RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION CONCEPTS DEVELOPME TECHNOLOGY INSTRUCTION

31 Sally Blanchard, 31 USE EDUCATION IERLIBRARY LOAN POLICY IERNET CYBERSPACE MEDIA TECHNOLOGY TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPUTING WEBSITES JOURNALS MEDIA PERIODICALS SERIALS ACADEMIA EVALUATION RESEARCH KNOWLEDGE CONCEPTS LIBRARIANSHIP DISCIPLINES SERVICES ARCHIVING LIBRARIES LIBRARIES

32 Sally Blanchard, 32 SN If looking for a specific type of library, combine LIBRARIES with another term, i.e. LIBRARIES + RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS SERVICES ACADEMIA ARCHIVING LIBRARIANSHIP RESEARCH SCHOOLS MAGAZINES PERIODICALS MANAGER MANAGERS broker SN For persons who act with or upon materials, ultimately affecting change; i.e. knowledge BROKERS MATERIALS SN Any items that, when combined and/or utilized, result in an end product different from the sum of its parts; i.e. research INFORMATION REFERENCE MEDIA IERNET JOURNALS NEWSPAPERS PERIODICALS

33 Sally Blanchard, 33 VIDEOS NEWS MEDICAL SCIENCE METADATA USE HEALTH INFORMATION CATALOGING CATALOGS DESCRIPTION DESIGN OPAC'S RECORDS (CATALOG) STANDARDS METHODS RESEARCH STATISTICS MEXICO NOH AMERICA MINORITIES COMMUNITIES HANDICAPPED MISSION STATEMES SCHOOLS SERVICES MONITORING

34 Sally Blanchard, 34 EVALUATION MOVIES SN In reference to complete motion pictures only. FILMS VIDEOS NEWS MEDIA NEWSPAPERS NEWSPAPERS MEDIA PERIODICALS NEWS NOH AMERICA SERIALS CANADA MEXICO UNITED STATES OLDER PERSONS USE SENIORS OPAC'S CATALOGS AUTHORITY CATALOGING METADATA RECORDS (CATALOG)

35 Sally Blanchard, 35 ORDERING USE PURCHASING ORGANIZATION (OF ITEMS) USE ARRANGEME ORGANIZATIONS SN An established body, i.e. a business or agency. LIBRARIES PARES ADULTS CHILDREN PATRON PATRONS USE USERS PEERS USE COMMUNITIES PERIODICALS MEDIA JOURNALS MAGAZINES NEWSPAPERS SERIALS POLICY GOVERNANCE IERLIBRARY LOAN PROCESSING

36 Sally Blanchard, 36 COMPUTING PROGRAMMING (COMPUTERS) COMPUTING PROGRAMMING (EVES) SERVICES STORYTIME PROTOCOLS PROTOTYPES USE STANDARDS DESIGN PUBLIC PURCHASING USE GOVERNME AGENCIES ORDERING RECOMMENDATIONS USE STANDARDS RECORDS (CATALOG) BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORDS CATALOG CARDS CATALOGS SURROGATES AUTHORITY METADATA OPAC'S REFERENCE

37 Sally Blanchard, 37 SERVICES SKILLS INFORMATION REPRESEATION MATERIALS RESEARCH ABOUTNESS ABSTRACTION CLASSIFICATION DESCRIPTION INDEXING SURROGATES RESEARCH SKILLS EVALUATION ANALYSIS INFORMATION JOURNALS LIBRARIES METHODS REFERENCE SCIENCE STATISTICS RURAL COURY

38 Sally Blanchard, 38 SCHOLARS SCHOOLS USE ACADEMIA COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES EDUCATION LIBRARIES MISSION STATEMES STUDES SCIENCE SN For fields of study related to measurable, research-based facts and to the application of those facts. Can be combined with other disciplines, i.e. the science of librarianship. DISCIPLINES HEALTH RESEARCH STATISTICS TECHNOLOGY SENIORS OLDER PERSONS ADULTS SERIALS JOURNALS NEWSPAPERS PERIODICALS SERVICES LIBRARIANSHIP

39 Sally Blanchard, 39 LIBRARIES CATALOGING PROGRAMMING (EVES) REFERENCE STORYTIME MISSION STATEMES SKILLS REFERENCE RESEARCH SPECIFICITY INDEXING STANDARDS GUIDELINES PROTOCOLS RECOMMENDATIONS BENCHMARKS METADATA STATISTICS METHODS RESEARCH SCIENCE STORYTIME SERVICES CHILDREN PROGRAMMING (EVES)

40 Sally Blanchard, 40 STUDES ACADEMIA UNDERGRADUATES EDUCATION SCHOOLS SURROGATES RECORDS (CATALOG) DIGITAL OBJECTS REPRESEATION TEACHING TECHNOLOGY USE EDUCATION DISCIPLINES COMPUTING EQUIPME IERNET VIDEOS WEBSITES HEALTH INFORMATION INNOVATION SCIENCE TELECOMMUNICATIONS TELECOMMUNICATIONS IERNET

41 Sally Blanchard, 41 TECHNOLOGY TRAINING EDUCATION UNDERGRADUATES COLLEGE STUDES STUDES UNITED STATES NOH AMERICA UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES USAGE USE COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES USERS USERS PATRONS USAGE VIDEOS MEDIA TECHNOLOGY DVD'S MOVIES WEBSITES COMPUTING DIGITAL OBJECTS TECHNOLOGY IERNET

42 Sally Blanchard, 42 YOUTH COMMUNITIES CHILDREN