Greenhouse Gas Inventory 2013 Reporting Year

Transcription

1 University Services Facilities Operations & Development Utilities & Energy Management Greenhouse Gas Inventory 2013 Reporting Year (rev ) Prepared by Jerome Conraud, ing., Energy Manager

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3 McGill University 2013 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Scope Greenhouse Emissions per Activity Activity Activity Level GHG Emissions (t CO 2e) Scope 1 Direct Emissions Stationary Combustion Natural gas 18,940,390 m³ 35,797 58% Propane 14,697 L 23 < 0.1% Heating oil 69,599 L % Diesel 52,580 L % Gasoline 581 L 1 < 0.1% Refrigerants [1] 64 tons 111 < 0.1% McGill-Owned Fleet of Vehicles Diesel 11,709 L % Gasoline 97,741 L % Agriculture Livestock 9,865 heads 6,358 1 Fertilizers 33 kg % Sub Total - Scope 1 Emissions 42,966 69% Scope 2 Indirect Emissions Purchased Energy Electricity [2] 182,247,272 kwh % Steam 4,693,800 lb % Sub Total - Scope 2 Emissions 798 1% Scope 3 Other Emissions Faculty & Staff Commuting 10,552 ppl. 4,052 7% Student Commuting 30,628 ppl. 2,221 4% Staff and faculty air travel [3] 80,354,154 km-psngr 9,699 16% Solid Waste Domestic 1,306 tons % CRD [4] 5,000 tons % Water Supply & Treatment 2,243,612 m³ 2,360 4% Third-Party Fleet [5] 22,996 L % Sub Total - Scope 3 Emissions 18,317 3 Total, Macdonald, Bellairs, and Gault Campuses (Scope 1, 2, and 3) [6] 62, Table 1 - Greenhouse Inventory per Activity, Reporting Year 2013 i

4 Equivalent in Emissions from Cars and Carbon Sequestered by Tree Seedlings Scope Emissions Equivalent in cars [7] Acres of forest [8] (t CO 2 e) (annual emissions) 1 42,966 9,000 35, ,317 3,900 15,000 Total 62,080 13,100 50,900 Table 2 - Greenhouse Gas Emissions per Scope and Comparables Notes: [1] Refrigerants for building HVAC systems only. [2] Data for purchased electricity comes from the report to the MESRS. Data could have been compiled for calendar year 2013 but given the limited impact of electricity consumption on total greenhouse gas emissions (< 1%), data was deemed to be representative of the reality. [3] Data includes travels for students on university business; data does not include study abroad travels. [4] Construction, renovation and demolition waste, 2 of which is deviated from landfill. [5] Data for the Macdonald Shuttle. [6] Scope 3 emissions limited to those emissions listed in this table. [7] Equivalent in annual emissions from passenger vehicles from US EPA s Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator. [8] Equivalent amount of CO2 captured by acres of forest, from US EPA s Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator. ii

5 Contents Context... 1 Environmental Reporting at McGill... 1 System Boundary... 2 Academic Units... 2 Self-Funded Units... 2 External Entities... 2 Methodology... 3 Existing Reporting Schemes... 3 Data Collection... 3 Emission Factors... 5 Limitations... 6 Data... 8 Emissions per Activity... 8 Carbon Equivalencies... 9 Appendix A Emission Factors Appendix B Greenhouse Gas Emissions per Activity iii

6 Context McGill University manages a stock of buildings of over 600,000 m 2 which are on average fifty years of age and older. A leader in education and research, McGill is characterized by very research-intensive activities, a travelling population, and high energy intensity. In 2013 McGill emitted 62,080 tonnes of CO 2e. This is the equivalent emissions from 13,000 cars in one year. This is also 18 times the annual carbon sequestration potential of the forests owned by McGill (Gault Nature Reserve and Morgan Arboretum). McGill s target is to reduce absolute greenhouse gas emissions by 25% below levels 1. As of , emissions were 3 below levels, thereby exceeding the original target. In spite of these challenges, the University s carbon footprint is much lower than comparable institutions, partly because most of the electricity consumed on campus comes from renewable resources and also due to various programs such as recycling and composting on campus, sound waste management on renovation projects, etc. The table below shows McGill s emissions for 2013 as well as those of fellow universities similar to McGill (research-oriented, medical doctoral universities located in rather cold climate zones.) University McGill UBC 2 U of T 3 Calgary 4 Cornell 5 Harvard 6 Scope 1 42,966 49,158 84,247 50, , Scope ,192 54, ,822 17, Scope ,317 56,609 26,029 88,621 59, Total 62, , , , , ,371 Environmental Reporting at McGill McGill has been reporting on most scope 1 emissions and on other airborne contaminants for the past two decades, mostly on a voluntary basis. This year s report is McGill s first attempt at capturing scope 3 emissions which are notably more challenging to quantify than scope 1 and 2 emissions due to the lack of internal systems to track data (air travel, water consumption, etc.) The motivation behind scope 3 reporting is to provide food for thoughts and inform stakeholders involved in McGill s Vision 2020 Sustainable Strategy. For instance, a working group is looking at university-related travel emissions, how to better collect data and making recommendations to decision makers to reduce McGill s carbon footprint. 1 12,800 tonnes CO2e applicable to scope 1 and 2 emissions from utilities, ref MELS report. 2 UBC Vancouver Campus 2013 Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory 3 University of Toronto St. George Campus Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory 4 University of Calgary Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report 5 Cornell University Ithaca Campus 2012 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory scope 1 and 2 emissions only, Harvard Sustainability Impact Report 7 Partial scope 3 emissions for all reporting universities. 1

7 System Boundary This inventory covers all assets owned by McGill University including: - McGill s main and Macdonald Campuses, both located on the Island of Montreal, QC; - The Gault Nature Reserve located in Mont-Saint-Hilaire, QC; - And the Bellairs Research Institute located in Holetown, Barbados. The University comprises different entities broken down into two categories in this report: academic units and self-funded units. Academic Units Academic units include: - All the faculties, schools and research centres; - Libraries; - All other administrative units including University Services. Self-Funded Units Self-funded units are thus called because they are not funded by le Ministère de l Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche du Québec and should, therefore, be self-sufficient. These units include: - Student unions (the SSMU, the PGSS, MCSS, MACES); - Student Services; - Student Housing and Hospitality Services; - Faculty Clubs; - Athletics (McGill Athletics and Macdonald Campus Athletics); - Macdonald Campus Housing; - Ancillary Services (the Bookstore); - The Montreal Neurological Institute (which co-manages the Neuro with the McGill University Health Centre). External Entities McGill supplies energy in part or in whole to several buildings owned or used by external entities (see list below). The emissions from these external entities are excluded from McGill s inventory. - McGill University Health Centre (which co-owns the Neuro); - The Canadian Aviation Heritage Centre. 2

8 Methodology The intent of McGill is to give as thorough as possible an account of its impact on climate change, and therefore, the report includes all scope 1 and scope 2 emissions, as well as some scope 3 emissions 8. Emission accounting is based on the emission factor method except for emissions related to staff and student commuting. Existing Reporting Schemes The University must report on most scope 1 emissions and some scope 2 emissions to the following reporting schemes: - Mandatory reporting to Natural Resources Canada s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory: scope 1 emissions from stationary combustion, organization-owned vehicles, and refrigerants regulated by the Kyoto Protocol. - Mandatory reporting to Québec s cap and trade system (SPEDE managed by the MDDELCC 9 within the frame of the Western Climate Initiative): scope 1 emissions from stationary combustion, organization-owned vehicles, and refrigerants regulated by the Kyoto Protocol. - Mandatory reporting to the City of Montreal s airborne contaminant inventory: scope 1 emissions from stationary combustion. - Voluntary reporting to AASHE 10 STARS: all scopes, all activities. - Mandatory reporting to Québec s MESR 11 : energy use, scope 1 emissions from stationary combustion and scope 2 emissions from purchased energy. Data Collection The table below lists the sources for all the data used in this report as well as the overall uncertainty associated with each set of data. Note that uncertainty of means that the data set is 10 reliable and backed-up with invoices; a 10 uncertainty means there is no estimate whatsoever for the activity. Data is broken down into activities, fuels, and emission scopes. Notes on overall uncertainty of data: - An overall uncertainty of 5 was attributed to any data set coming from a survey or an estimate made by a professional. - An overall uncertainty of 25% was attributed to data sets backed up with invoices made available by Accounting on the premise that Accounting staff might miss some invoices. 8 Please refer to the Greenhouse Gas Protocol for a definition of emission scopes. 9 Le Ministère du Développement durable, de l Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques 10 The Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education 11 Le Ministère de l Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche du Québec 3

9 - An overall uncertainty of 5% was attributed to electricity as the data available is for fiscal year whereas this report is for calendar year Given the low impact of electricity on McGill s overall greenhouse gas emissions and how stable electricity consumption is, it was decided to use data for electricity. - An overall uncertainty of 1 was attributed to steam consumption data read off McGill s meters whose typical uncertainty is below 1. Campus Activity Fuel Scope Source Commute N/A 3 Overall Uncertainty All data from 2011 McGill Transportation Survey Report 5 Composting N/A 3 Estimate from Executive Chef of SHHS 5 Domestic waste N/A 3 Monthly report from waste contractor Generators Diesel 1 Grounds Diesel 1 Heating/processes Natural gas 1 Purchased Energy Electricity 2 Invoices from fuel supplier, collected by Accounting 25% Invoices from fuel supplier, collected by Accounting 25% Invoices (online report) from utility company Annual report (fiscal year) to the MESRS prepared by Accounting, based on utility 5% invoices and audited by an external auditor Macdonald Student Housing & Hospitality Services University Steam Refrigerants R22 1 Vehicles Diesel/Gasoline 1 Cattle N/A 1 Composting N/A 3 Metering 1 Invoices from contractor, collected by Accounting 25% Annual report from fleet management software, supplied by Parking Services Headcount and information on manure management from Farm Manager Estimate from the Supervisor of Property Maintenance 5 Domestic waste N/A 3 Monthly report from waste contractor Fertilizers N/A 1 Volumes spread according to Chief Agronomy Technician Generators Diesel 1 Invoices from fuel supplier Grounds Diesel/Gasoline 1 Heating/processes Natural gas Heating oil Propane Purchased energy Electricity 2 1 Annual report from the Supervisor of Property Maintenance, based on each vehicle s fuel log Invoices (online report) from utility company Invoices from fuel supplier Invoices from supplier Annual report (fiscal year) to the MESRS prepared by Accounting, based on utility invoices and audited by an external auditor Refrigerants R134a 3 Invoices from contractor Vehicles Diesel/Gasoline 1 Annual report from the Supervisor of Property Maintenance, based on each vehicle s fuel log Heating Oil Invoices from fuel supplier Heating/processes Natural gas Invoices from utility company Vehicles Gasoline Gas receipt and estimate 25% Air Travel Kerosene 3 5% Report from McGill s Travel Helpdesk based on re-imbursement requests 25% CRD waste N/A 3 Estimate from Architect, Design Services 5 Surveys water-consuming equipment on Water N/A 3 the and Macdonald campuses 5 Table 3 - Data Sources and Uncertainty 4

10 Emission Factors Emission factors used in this report come from the following main organizations: Le Ministère du Développement durable, de l Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques du Québec (MDDELCC), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), the Ministry of Environment of British Columbia, and the UK Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA). For a detailed list of emission factors with their units, refer to Appendix A Emission Factors. The tables below list the sources of the main emission factors used for the 2013 inventory. Fuel Organization Source Specifics Diesel (Stationary Combustion) Propane Heating Oil #2 Natural Gas Gasoline (Transportation) MDDELCC LRQ Q-2, r. 15, Tableau 1-3, Diesel LRQ Q-2, r. 15, Tableau 1-3, Propane - Autres secteurs LRQ Q-2, r. 15, Tableau 1-3, Mazout léger - Foresterie, construction et secteurs commerciaux et institutionnels LRQ Q-2, r. 15, Tableau 1-4 & Tableau 1-7, Secteurs résidentiels etc. LRQ Q-2, r. 15, Tableau 27-1, Véhicule à essence Diesel (Transportation) LRQ Q-2, r. 15, Tableau 27-1, Véhicule au diesel Table 4 - Emission Factor Source, Fossil Fuels Fuel Organization Source Specifics Refrigerant R134a MDDELCC LRQ Q-2, r. 15, Annexe A.1, HFC-134a Refrigerant R22 IPCC IPCC 4th Assessment Report, Table 2.14 Table 5 - Emission Factors Source, Refrigerants Fuel Organization Source Specifics Fertilizer Fertilizer Fertilizer Fertilizer Livestock (Dairy Cows) Livestock (Dairy Heifers) Livestock (Calves) Livestock (Market Hogs) Livestock (Meat Chickens) US EPA Emissions Factors & AP 42, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Ch NRCan National Inventory Report , Annex 3 Livestock (Laying Hens) Table 6 - Emission Factor Source, Agriculture 5

11 Fuel Organization Source Specifics Electricity NRCan National Inventory Report , Annex 13, Table A13-6 Steam McGill Calculated, assuming Royal Victoria Hospital steam distribution comparable to McGill's. Table 7 - Emission Factor Source, Purchased Energy Fuel Organization Source Specifics Air Travel (Long Haul) Air Travel (Medium Haul) Air Travel (Short Haul) Commuting (Faculty & Staff) Commuting (Students) Environment BC McGill 2013 BC Best Practices Methodology for Quantifying GHG Emissions, Table McGill Transportation Survey Report, Data Extrapolated to Whole Year for Campus Table 8 - Emission Factor Source, Travels Fuel Organization Source Specifics Waste (Domestic) Recycling (Glass - Metal - Plastic) Recycling (Paper - Cardboard) Composting Waste (CRD) Recycling (CRD) US EPA Warm Reduction Model Emission Factor for Municipal Solid Waste, Landfill, US National Average Warm Reduction Model Emission Factor for Mixed Recyclables, Landfilling US National Average & Recycling Warm Reduction Model Emission Factor for Mixed Papers (Mainly from Offices), Landfilling US National Average & Recycling Warm Reduction Model Emission Factor for Mixed Organics, Landfilling US National Average & Recycling Warm Reduction Model Emission Factor for Concrete, Landfilling US National Average Warm Reduction Model Emission Factor for Concrete, Landfilling US National Average & Recycling Table 9 - Emission Factor and Source, Solid Waste Fuel Organization Source Specifics Water (Supply) Water (Treatment) DEFRA 2012 Guidelines to DEFRA/DECC's GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting, p. 40 of 54 Table 10 - Emission Factor Source, Water Supply & Treatment Limitations US average emission factors were used for waste management (waste disposal, recycling, and composting) because factors are not available yet for the Greater Montreal Area. An Applied Student Research has been proposed to students enrolled in ENVR-401 this fall with the goal to determine emission factors that would better represent the context of the Greater Montreal. UK s DEFRA emission factors were used for water supply and treatment as no other factor is available for North America. An Applied Student Research has been proposed to students enrolled in ENVR-401 6

12 in Fall 2014 with the goal to determine emission factors that would better represent the context of the Greater Montreal Area. No emission factor is applicable to the disposal of hazardous waste. This includes the disposal of contaminated lab equipment (nuclear, bio-hazard, etc.) A project will be proposed for students to investigate emissions factors based on annual activity reports from Hazardous Waste Management. Additionally, the following activities are known to be missing from the 2013 inventory: Activity Category Scope Unit Plan Directly-financed Travel, university McGill Athletics and Seek cooperation air travel, rail 3 sport teams Macdonald Athletics of Athletics travel Rail travel Car rentals Business trips with staff vehicles Refrigerants, arenas Various Directly-financed, rail travel Directly-financed, car rentals Directly-financed travel, personal vehicles Refrigerants 1 Refrigerants, commute, waste disposal, vehicles, grounds, etc. 3 All units 3 All units 3 All units 1,3 Table 11- Missing Data Building Operations, McGill Athletics, and Macdonald Athletics Academic (Gault Nature Reserve and Bellairs) Procurements working on better reporting from travel management company Seek cooperation of the Travel Desk Seek cooperation of the Travel Desk Seek cooperation of Building Operations Negligible amounts. 7

13 Data Refer to Appendix B Greenhouse Gas Emissions per for a full list of activities, activity levels, and emissions. The table below shows the emissions for all units and all campuses for calendar year Emissions per Activity Scope Activity Activity Level GHG Emissions (t CO 2e) Scope 1 Direct Emissions Stationary Combustion Natural gas 18,940,390 m³ 35,797 58% Propane 14,697 L 23 < 0.1% Heating oil 69,599 L % Diesel 52,580 L % Gasoline 581 L 1 < 0.1% Refrigerants [1] 64 tons 111 < 0.1% McGill-Owned Fleet of Vehicles Diesel 11,709 L % Gasoline 97,741 L % Agriculture Livestock 9,865 heads 6,358 1 Fertilizers 33 kg % Sub Total - Scope 1 Emissions 42,966 69% Scope 2 Indirect Emissions Purchased Energy Electricity [2] 182,247,272 kwh % Steam 4,693,800 lb % Sub Total - Scope 2 Emissions 798 1% Scope 3 Other Emissions Faculty & Staff Commuting 10,552 ppl. 4,052 7% Student Commuting 30,628 ppl. 2,221 4% Staff and faculty air travel [3] 80,354,154 km-psngr 9,699 16% Solid Waste Domestic 1,306 tons % CRD [4] 5,000 tons % Water Supply & Treatment 2,243,612 m³ 2,360 4% Third-Party Fleet [5] 22,996 L % Sub Total - Scope 3 Emissions 18,317 3 Total, Macdonald, Bellairs, and Gault Campuses (Scope 1, 2, and 3) [6] 62, Table 12 - Greenhouse Gas Emissions per Activity and Scope, 2013 Reporting Year 8

14 Carbon Equivalencies Scope Emissions Equivalent in cars [7] Acres of forest [8] (t CO 2 e) (annual emissions) 1 42,966 9,000 35, ,317 3,900 15,000 Total 62,080 13,100 50,900 Table 13 - Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Notes: [1] Refrigerants for building HVAC systems only. [2] Data for purchased electricity comes from the report to the MESRS. Data could have been compiled for calendar year 2013 but given the limited impact of electricity consumption on total greenhouse gas emissions (< 1%), data was deemed to be representative of the reality. [3] Data includes travels for students on university business; data does not include study abroad travels. [4] Construction, renovation and demolition waste, 2 of which is deviated from landfill. [5] Data for the Macdonald Shuttle. [6] Scope 3 emissions limited to those emissions listed in this table. [7] Equivalent in annual emissions from passenger vehicles from US EPA s Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator. [8] Equivalent amount of CO2 captured by acres of forest, from US EPA s Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator. 9

15 Diesel (Stationary Combustion) Appendix A Emission Factors Fuel CO 2 CH 4 N 2O Other EF Unit Overall EF Overall EF Unit Source Org Source Specifics 2, E+00 g/l 2.79E-03 t CO2e/L MDDELCC LRQ Q-2, r. 15, Tableau 1-3, Diesel Heating Oil #2 2, E+00 g/l 2.74E-03 t CO2e/L MDDELCC Diesel (Transportation) Gasoline (Transportation) LRQ Q-2, r. 15, Tableau 1-3, Mazout léger - Foresterie, construction et secteurs commerciaux et institutionnels 2, E+00 g/l 3.01E-03 t CO2e/L MDDELCC LRQ Q-2, r. 15, Tableau 27-1, Véhicule au diesel 2, E+00 g/l 2.36E-03 t CO2e/L MDDELCC LRQ Q-2, r. 15, Tableau 27-1, Véhicule à essence Natural Gas 1, E+00 g/m³ 1.89E-03 t CO2e/m³ MDDELCC Propane 1, E+00 g/l 1.54E-03 t CO2e/L MDDELCC Refrigerant R134a Refrigerant R22 Fertilizer Fertilizer Fertilizer Fertilizer Livestock (Calves) Livestock (Dairy Cows) Livestock (Dairy Heifers) Livestock (Laying Hens) Livestock (Market Hogs) Livestock (Meat Chickens) LRQ Q-2, r. 15, Tableau 1-4 & Tableau 1-7, Secteurs résidentiels etc. LRQ Q-2, r. 15, Tableau 1-3, Propane - Autres secteurs E E+00 MDDELCC LRQ Q-2, r. 15, Annexe A.1, HFC-134a g/kg t CO2e/kg E E+00 IPCC IPCC 4th Assessment Report, Table , E E , E E+00 g/ton E E , E E , , E E , , E E , , E E+01 g/head E E , , E E E E-03 t CO2e/ton US EPA Electricity E+00 g/kwh 2.04E-06 t CO2e/kWh NRCan Steam E+01 g/lb 9.07E-05 t CO2e/lb McGill Emissions Factors & AP 42, Compulation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Ch t co2e/head NRCan National Inventory Report , Annex 3 National Inventory Report , Annex 13, Table A13-6 Calculated, assuming Royal Victoria Hospital steam distribution comparable to McGill's. A-10

16 Waste (CRD) Recycling (CRD) E E E E-02 Waste (Domestic) E E+00 Recycling (Glass - Metal - Plastic) Recycling (Paper - Cardboard) g/ton E E E E+00 Composting E E-01 Air Travel (Long Haul) Air Travel (Medium Haul) Air Travel (Short Haul) Commuting (Faculty & Staff) Commuting (Students) E E-04 g E E-04 /psngr-km E E E E-01 g/pers E E-02 Water (Supply) E E-04 g/m³ Water (Treatment) E E-04 t CO2e/ton t CO2e /pasngr-km t CO2e/pers. t CO2e/m³ US EPA Environment BC McGill DEFRA Warm Reduction Model Emission Factor for Concrete, Landfilling - National Average Warm Reduction Model Emission Factor for Concrete, Landfilling - National Average & Recycling Warm Reduction Model Emission Factor for Municipal Solid Waste, Landfill, National Average Warm Reduction Model Emission Factor for Mixed Recyclables, Landfilling - National Average & Recycling Warm Reduction Model Emission Factor for Mixed Papers (Mainly from Offices), Landfilling - National Average & Recycling Warm Reduction Model Emission Factor for Mixed Organics, Landfilling - National Average & Recycling 2013 BC Best Practices Methodology for Quantifying GHG Emissions, Table McGill Transportation Survey Report, Data Extrapolated to Whole Year for Campus 2012 Guidelines to DEFRA/DECC's GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting, p. 40 of 54 A-11

17 Appendix B Greenhouse Gas Emissions per Fuel Client Campus Category Fuel Emissions On-Site Stationary Combustion Natural Gas 24,342 1 Purchased Electricity Electricity Purchased Steam Steam On-Site Stationary Combustion Propane 22 1 On-Site Stationary Combustion Heating Oil # On-Site Stationary Combustion Natural Gas 2,809 1 Purchased Electricity Electricity 30 2 Agriculture Fertilizer Academic Buildings Agriculture Livestock (Dairy Cows) 3,915 1 Macdonald Agriculture Fertilizer Agriculture Fertilizer Agriculture Fertilizer Agriculture Livestock (Dairy Heifers) 1,465 1 Agriculture Livestock (Calves) Agriculture Livestock (Market Hogs) Agriculture Livestock (Meat Chickens) 23 1 Agriculture Livestock (Laying Hens) 11 1 Athletics On-Site Stationary Combustion Natural Gas 2,681 1 Purchased Electricity Electricity 16 2 Macdonald On-Site Stationary Combustion Natural Gas Purchased Electricity Electricity 1 2 Bookstore On-Site Stationary Combustion Natural Gas 98 1 Purchased Electricity Electricity 1 2 Faculty Club On-Site Stationary Combustion Natural Gas 30 1 Purchased Electricity Electricity 0 2 Macdonald Campus On-Site Stationary Combustion Natural Gas Macdonald Housing MACES Purchased Electricity Electricity 0 2 B-12

18 The Montreal Neurological Institute The PGSS Student Housing & Hospitality Services Student Services The SSMU All Units Macdonald Table continued On-Site Stationary Combustion Natural Gas Purchased Electricity Electricity 7 2 On-Site Stationary Combustion Natural Gas 86 1 Purchased Electricity Electricity 0 2 On-Site Stationary Combustion Diesel (Stationary Combustion) 31 1 On-Site Stationary Combustion Natural Gas 4,052 1 On-Site Transportation Gasoline (Transportation) 7 1 Purchased Electricity Electricity 32 2 On-Site Stationary Combustion Natural Gas Purchased Electricity Electricity 1 2 On-Site Stationary Combustion Natural Gas 0 1 Purchased Electricity Electricity 2 2 On-Site Stationary Combustion Natural Gas Purchased Electricity Electricity 4 2 On-Site Stationary Combustion Diesel (Stationary Combustion) 52 1 On-Site Transportation Gasoline (Transportation) On-Site Transportation Diesel (Transportation) 13 1 Refrigerants & Chemicals Refrigerant R Water Supply & Treatment Water (Supply) Water Supply & Treatment Water (Treatment) 1,461 3 Solid Waste Waste (Domestic) Solid Waste Recycling (Glass - Metal - Plastic) Solid Waste Recycling (Paper - Cardboard) Solid Waste Waste Composted -8 3 Faculty & Staff Commuting Commuting (Faculty & Staff) 4,052 3 Student Commuting Commuting (Students) 2,221 3 B-13

19 All Units Macdonald University Table continued On-Site Stationary Combustion Diesel (Stationary Combustion) 63 1 On-Site Stationary Combustion Gasoline (Transportation) 1 1 On-Site Transportation Gasoline (Transportation) 10 1 On-Site Transportation Diesel (Transportation) 22 1 Refrigerants & Chemicals Refrigerant R134a 13 1 Water Supply & Treatment Water (Supply) 63 3 Water Supply & Treatment Water (Treatment) Solid Waste Waste (Domestic) Solid Waste Recycling (Glass - Metal - Plastic) Solid Waste Waste Composted -5 3 Mobile Combustion Diesel (Transportation) 69 3 Directly-Financed Air Travel Air Travel - Long Haul 9,441 3 Directly-Financed Air Travel Air Travel - Medium Haul Directly-Financed Air Travel Air Travel - Short Haul 44 3 Solid Waste Waste (CRD) Solid Waste Recycling (CRD) B-14