Measuring of optical output and attenuation
|
|
- Natalie Todd
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Measuring of optical output and attenuation THEORY Measuring of optical output is the fundamental part of measuring in optoelectronics. The importance of an optical power meter can be compared to an ammeter in electronics. Wavelengths of 850nm, 1300nm and 1550nm (transmission windows ) are used for telecommunication transmission. It is an invisible radiation so it is not light (360nm 780nm) but an optical radiation (200nm 1000nm). In the visible range of a spectrum we speak about photometric variables and photometric measuring, that take into account the spectral sensitivity of the human eye. The optical radiation output P[W] represents the output transferred by radiation, i.e. it is determined by the amount of energy passing through a tracked area in a unit of a time. In optoelectronics, more usually the optical output L is measured in absolute decibels [dbm] which conveys a level of optical output in relation to 1mW. L = 10log [ ] [ ] P mw 1 mw [ dbm] By means of this variation L attenuation A in relative decibels [db] can be easily determined by the following equation A = L 2 L 1 where L 1 and L 2 are output levels obtained for example by measuring at the beginning and end of an optical line. Optical power meters have got a reference function that allows the storing of a reference value P 1 and then can measure the relative level L r of arbitrary optical output against this reference. The attenuation A is then A = L r P2 = 10log P 1 [ db] and can be read (except the sign) on the instrument display. Photodiodes (Si, Ge, InGaAs) are used as detectors. They achieve high sensitivity and low dark current. Their sensitivity is spectrally dependent; we must then set a power meter to the wavelength of the light source used. A detector area must be large enough to detect the entire radiation leaving the fibre (conventionally 2 3mm). Adapters to various types of optical connectors are used for fixing the fibre end. The adapter must ensure the alignment of the fibre and the detector and it must not obstruct the optical beam. Any impurity and dust will distort the measuring (diffusion and absorption) CLEAN! MEASURING Measure the optical power transmitted by a cable. Use a multimode cable GI 50/125 (orange) for λ = 850nm a 1300nm, and a single mode cable 1E9/125 (yellow) for λ = 1310nm and 1550nm. instruments: light source, power meter, coupling elements GI 50/125 (orange), 1E9/125 (yellow) process: 1. join the source (connector MM) to the power meter using the coupling element GI 50/125 (the left hand connector at the source, first clean the connector faces of the element) 2. turn on the source and set the wavelength to 850nm (λ button) 3. set λ = 850nm at the power meter 4. measure optical output L 1, P 1 5. set λ = 1300nm at the source 6. measure optical output L 2, P 2 7. set λ = 1300nm at the power meter 8. measure optical output L 3, P 3
2 9. set λ = 1310nm at the source, use 1E9/125 coupling element (first clean the faces), join it to the SM connector 10. set λ = 1310nm at the power meter and measure optical output L 4, P set λ = 1550nm at the power meter and at the source and measure optical output L 5, P 5 TABLE OF MEASURED VALUES No of meas L i [dbm] P i [mw] Question: One of measured values is wrong. Which one and why?
3 Measuring of attenuation by inserting loss method THEORY Three standard methods are used for measuring attenuation of optical fibres. Two of them are transmission methods, one is a reflection method. a) method of two lengths b) method of inserting loss These two are transmission methods utilizing a regulated radiation supply and a power meter. The real attenuation of a signal passing through a fiber is measured (direct methods). When measuring by the method a, an optical output P 2 is measured at the exit of a fibre of length L. Saving the coupling conditions, the fibre is broken next at a distance of 2m from the beginning. After finishing the fibre end, an optic output P 1 is measured. The attenuation in db is then A = 10log(P 1 /P 2 ). This method is the most accurate, yet destructive. c) OTDR method This is a reflective method based on measuring the back diffusion with an optical refractometer. The time dependence of a back-diffracted optical power of the signal is evaluated; a narrow impulse is used. This method gives information about attenuation distribution along the fiber, about joints positions and about contingent fiber distortions, so it is suitable for fibre and line checking. Reproducibility of this method is not better than 0,5dB. MEASURING Determine the attenuation of a 1km optical link by the inserting loss method. Use the cable GI 50/125 for measuring and the cable GI 62,5/125 for reference measuring. instruments: light source, power meter, 3 pieces of GI 50/125 cable (orange), GI 62,5/125 cable (blue), optical link 1km process: 1. attach a cable GI 50/125 to each end of optical link 2. connect a cable GI 50/125 to the source and meter 3. turn on the source and set λ = 850nm (use λ button) 4. set λ = 850nm at the meter 5. read reference power L ref1 on the meter 6. remove reference cable and attach the optical link to the source and meter 7. measure the power level L 1 an calculate attenuation A 1 = L ref1 L 1 [db] 8. disconnect the optical link and repeat the measuring with reference cable GI 62,5/125, read the value L ref2 on the meter display 9. disconnect the reference cable GI 62,5/125 from the meter, attach the optical link to the source and meter using GI 62,5/125 cables 10. measure the power level L 2 and calculate A 2 = L ref2 L 2
4 TABLE OF MEASURED VALUES GI 50/125 GI 62,5/125 L ref1 [dbm] L 1 [dbm] A 1 [db] L ref2 [dbm] L 2 [dbm] A 2 [db] Question 1: What value of attenuation is right and why? Question 2: Why is the value A 2 higher than A 1?
5 Influence of excitation to fiber attenuation THEORY As the signal travels through the fibre optic cable, an energy loss occurs. The measure of total loss for a given wavelength is attenuation A P P 1 ( λ ) = 10log [ db] 2 where P 1 and P 2 is optical power measured at the beginning and the end of a cable, respectively. In practice, a variable specific attenuation α(λ) is used, which is attenuation related to cable length unit α ( λ) ( ) A λ = L [ db / km] where L is cable length (in km in this case). Attenuation and specific attenuation are fundamental and they are most important transmission parameters of fibre cable or link. They are a scale of cable quality and they allow us to estimate the maximum reach of the cable. There are two types of energy loss mechanisms a) material loss radiation absorption and diffusion on impurities; spectrally dependent telecommunication windows (minimums of attenuation) b) radiation loss dependent on conditions of excitement. Optical signals travel through fibre in a finite number of modes. The higher modes travel at higher angles, go along longer optical paths and are more attenuated, easily escape a fibre for example on bends. If more higher modes are excited, the cable seems more lossy. MEASURING Compare attenuation of optical link without and with mode filter. Use GI 50/125 cable. instruments: light source, power meter, launch and receive reference cables GI 50/125 (orange), optical link 1km, mating adapter, mode filter process: 1. Attach launch reference cable GI 50/125 to the source and meter 2. set λ = 850nm on the source (λ button) 3. set λ = 850nm on the meter 4. read power L 1 [dbm] on the meter 5. disconnect launch cable from the meter and attach it to the link tested 6. connect receive cable GI 50/125 to the link and meter 7. read power L 2 on the meter and calculate loss of the link A = L 1 L 2 [db] 8. disconnect launch cable from the link
6 9. wrap launch cable around mode filter 5 times, attach launch cable to the meter and read L disconnect launch cable from the meter and attach it to the link, attach receive cable to the meter 11. read power L 4, calculate attenuation A f = L 3 L 4 source During the measuring, don t disconnect the launch cable from the source. The LED in the source may couple a slightly different amount of power into the launch cable when reconnected, ruining your reference set. TABLE OF MEASURED VALUES without filter with filter L 1 = L 2 = L 3 = L 4 = A = A f = Question: Compare values A and A f. Which of them is higher and why?
Module 13 : Measurements on Fiber Optic Systems
Module 13 : Measurements on Fiber Optic Systems Lecture : Measurements on Fiber Optic Systems Objectives In this lecture you will learn the following Measurements on Fiber Optic Systems Attenuation (Loss)
More informationDIRECTIONAL FIBER OPTIC POWER MONITORS (TAPS/PHOTODIODES)
Features: DIRECTIONAL FIBER OPTIC POWER MONITORS (TAPS/PHOTODIODES) PATENT NUMBERS: CANADA 2,494,133, USA 7095931, 7295731 AND CHINA 1672073 Telcordia GR-468 qualified Available in versions for any wavelength
More informationOptical Fibres. Introduction. Safety precautions. For your safety. For the safety of the apparatus
Please do not remove this manual from from the lab. It is available at www.cm.ph.bham.ac.uk/y2lab Optics Introduction Optical fibres are widely used for transmitting data at high speeds. In this experiment,
More informationBest Practices for Ensuring Fiber Optic System Performance. David Zambrano
Best Practices for Ensuring Fiber Optic System Performance David Zambrano Inspect Before You Connect Optical Connectors in our Networks Contamination and Signal Performance Sources of Contamination Process
More informationINTRODUCTION FIGURE 1 1. Cosmic Rays. Gamma Rays. X-Rays. Ultraviolet Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red Infrared. Ultraviolet.
INTRODUCTION Fibre optics behave quite different to metal cables. The concept of information transmission is the same though. We need to take a "carrier" signal, identify a signal parameter we can modulate,
More informationAttaching the PA-A1-ATM Interface Cables
CHAPTER 4 Attaching the PA-A1-ATM Interface Cables To continue your PA-A1-ATM port adapter installation, you must attach the port adapter cables. The instructions that follow apply to all supported platforms.
More informationOptical Power Meter. Specification & User Manual
Optical Power Meter Specification & User Manual Page 1 of 9 Copyright 2011 reserves the right to modify specifications without prior notice Table of Contents 1. Description and Features.......3 2. Specification......4
More informationAMPLIFIED HIGH SPEED FIBER PHOTODETECTOR USER S GUIDE
AMPLIFIED HIGH SPEED FIBER PHOTODETECTOR USER S GUIDE Thank you for purchasing your Amplified High Speed Fiber Photodetector. This user s guide will help answer any questions you may have regarding the
More informationAccurately Testing fibre Optic Cables
Accurately Testing fibre Optic Cables Note: You need to know what we mean when we say accurate that the measurement made gives a value close to the real value. Standards people prefer we refer to the uncertainty
More informationST800K-U Optical Power Meter. User Manual V1.0
User Manual V1.0 Contents 1. Summary... 1 2. Functions... 2 3. Specifications... 2 4. Layout... 4 5. Operation... 5 6. Maintenance... 7 7. Faults & Solutions... 8 8. Appendix A...9 9. Appendix B...11 10.
More informationCabling & Test Considerations for 10 Gigabit Ethernet LAN
Introduction Current communication data rates in local networks range from 10/100 megabits per second (Mbps) in Ethernet to 1 gigabit per second (Gbps) in fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) and Gigabit
More informationFIBRE-OPTICS POWER METER INSTRUCTION MANUAL
FIBRE-OPTICS POWER METER INSTRUCTION MANUAL FIBRE-OPTICS POWER METER ELLMAX ELECTRONICS LTD. Unit 29, Leyton Business Centre, Etloe Road, Leyton, London E10 7BT, England Tel: 020-8539 0136 Fax: 020-8539
More informationFour Ways To Test Installed Fiber Optic Cables And How The Results Will Differ With Each Method
Four Ways To Test Installed Fiber Optic Cables And How The Results Will Differ With Each Method Jim Hayes, VDV Works, LLC Abstract: We often are asked questions about testing installed fiber optic cables
More informationOptical Communications
Optical Communications Telecommunication Engineering School of Engineering University of Rome La Sapienza Rome, Italy 2005-2006 Lecture #2, May 2 2006 The Optical Communication System BLOCK DIAGRAM OF
More informationPolymer Coated Fiber Cable (PCF)
Polymer Coated Fiber Cable (PCF) Panduit has introduced a Polymer Coated Fiber (PCF) to their fiber cable offering available in 50µm and 62.5µm core diameters. Along with this cable having a stronger durability
More informationSINGLEMODE OR MULTIMODE FIBER OPTIC PATCHCORDS
Features: SINGLEMODE OR MULTIMODE FIBER OPTIC PATCHCORDS Low insertion loss < 0.2 db Excellent repeatability FC/PC, SC, ST, LC, MU, E2000 termination available Custom ferrule termination available Designed
More informationThe Conversion Technology Experts. Fiber Optics Basics
The Conversion Technology Experts Fiber Optics Basics Introduction Fiber optic technology is simply the use of light to transmit data. The general use of fiber optics did not begin until the 1970s. Robert
More informationKit Highlights and Key Features
AF-OLK6 Series Fiber Optic Test kit (Data Storage Kit) Product: OLK6 Series Date: Aug:2007 Rev: 01 Description The AF-OLK6 series test kits are the complete solution necessary for the installer to test,
More informationLoss & Continuity Testing with MPO/ MTP Connectors
Loss & Continuity Testing with MPO/ MTP Connectors Deployments of fiber optic systems in data centres are now using multimode ribbon fiber and typically MPO/MTP connectors, which have some very particular
More informationPlug - Type (Male/Female) Attenuators CAA series Singlemode
Plug - Type (Male/Female) Attenuators CAA series Singlemode Description: The plug-type singlemode attenuators are used directly on the ends of fiber optic jumpers prior to installation in adapters. These
More informationAPPLICATION NOTE POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS
OZ OPTICS LTD. APPLICATION NOTE POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS OZ OPTICS FAMILY OF POLARIZATION MAINTAINING COMPONENTS, SOURCES, AND MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS The information/data furnished in this document shall
More informationTechnical Bulletin. Guidelines For Testing And Troubleshooting Fiber Optic Installations
The Fiber Optic Association, Inc. 1119 S. Mission Road #355, Fallbrook, CA 92028 1-760-451-3655 Fax 1-781-207-2421 Email: info@thefoa.org http://www.thefoa.org Technical Bulletin Guidelines For Testing
More informationFIBER OPTIC SYSTEM TEST PROCEDURES
FIBER OPTIC SYSTEM TEST PROCEDURES Data Systems Performance Engineering LLC performs three tests in order to determine fiber optic cable adequacy. The order in which the tests are to be performed is not
More informationMTS/T-BERD Platforms Very Long Range (VLR) OTDR Module
COMMUNICATIONS TEST & MEASUREMENT SOLUTIONS MTS/T-BERD Platforms (VLR) OTDR Module Key Features CWDM/DWDM ready with 1310, 1383, 1490, 1550, and 1625 nm wavelengths FTTx ready with 1310/1490/1550 nm wavelengths
More informationTheremino System Theremino Spectrometer Technology
Theremino System Theremino Spectrometer Technology theremino System - Theremino Spectrometer Technology - August 15, 2014 - Page 1 Operation principles By placing a digital camera with a diffraction grating
More informationOPTICAL FIBERS INTRODUCTION
OPTICAL FIBERS References: J. Hecht: Understanding Fiber Optics, Ch. 1-3, Prentice Hall N.J. 1999 D. R. Goff: Fiber Optic Reference Guide (2 nd ed.) Focal Press 1999 Projects in Fiber Optics (Applications
More informationFiber Optics: Fiber Basics
Photonics Technical Note # 21 Fiber Optics Fiber Optics: Fiber Basics Optical fibers are circular dielectric wave-guides that can transport optical energy and information. They have a central core surrounded
More informationHP 70950B OPTICAL SPECTRUM ANALYZER
HP 71450B, 71451B, and 71452B Optical Spectrum Analyzers Technical Specifications Spectral Measurements from 600 to 1700 nm HP 70950B OPTICAL SPECTRUM ANALYZER OPTICAL INPUT The HP 71450B, 71451B, and
More informationSpectraTec II. Polarized Multi-Laser Source BLUE SKY RESEARCH WAVELENGTHS. The SpectraTec II
BLUE SKY RESEARCH The SpectraTec II, two wavelength laser module is a highly integrated system comprised of two lasers, individual driving and temperature control electronics, wavelength combining, and
More informationpalmotdr Series Handheld OTDR
palmotdr Series Handheld OTDR Most Compact High-Performance OTDR Comprehensive fiber applications, ideal for LAN/WAN/FTTx certification & trouble-shooting: SM: 1310/1490/1550, 1625/1650nm (with filter),
More informationData Transmission. Data Communications Model. CSE 3461 / 5461: Computer Networking & Internet Technologies. Presentation B
CSE 3461 / 5461: Computer Networking & Internet Technologies Data Transmission Presentation B Kannan Srinivasan 08/30/2012 Data Communications Model Figure 1.2 Studying Assignment: 3.1-3.4, 4.1 Presentation
More informationLecture 3: Fibre Optics
Lecture 3: Fibre Optics Lecture aims to explain: 1. Fibre applications in telecommunications 2. Principle of operation 3. Single- and multi-mode fibres 4. Light losses in fibres Fibre is a transparent
More informationWill Your Fiber Optic Cable Plant Support Gigabit Ethernet?
Will Your Fiber Optic Cable Plant Support Gigabit Ethernet? GBE, as the name says, is Ethernet scaled up to gigabit speeds, providing a migration path from Ethernet at 10 MB/s to Fast Ethernet at 100 MB/s
More informationEE4367 Telecom. Switching & Transmission. Prof. Murat Torlak
FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATIONS Optical Fibers Fiber optics (optical fibers) are long, thin strands of very pure glass about the size of a human hair. They are arranged in bundles called optical cables and
More informationUnderstanding Range for RF Devices
Understanding Range for RF Devices October 2012 White Paper Understanding how environmental factors can affect range is one of the key aspects to deploying a radio frequency (RF) solution. This paper will
More informationOptical Fiber Data Center Field Testing. ANSI/BICSI 002-2011 Data Center Design and Implementation Best Practices
Optical Fiber Data Center Field Testing ANSI/BICSI 002-2011 Data Center Design and Implementation Best Practices Abstract Data Centers are a growing segment of the enterprise market. Regardless of whether
More informationIntroduction to Optical Link Design
University of Cyprus Πανεπιστήµιο Κύπρου 1 Introduction to Optical Link Design Stavros Iezekiel Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Cyprus HMY 445 Lecture 08 Fall Semester 2014
More informationCisco - Calculating the Maximum Attenuation for Optical Fiber Links
Page 1 of 5 Calculating the Maximum Attenuation for Optical Fiber Links Document ID: 27042 Contents Introduction Prerequisites Requirements Components Used Conventions What is Attenuation? Wavelength Estimate
More informationSimulation of Gaussian Pulses Propagation Through Single Mode Optical Fiber Using MATLAB . MATLAB
Iraqi Journal of Science, 213, Vol.4, No.3, pp.61-66 Simulation of Gaussian Pulses Propagation Through Single Mode Optical Fiber Using MATLAB Salah Al Deen Adnan Taha *, Mehdi M. Shellal, and Ahmed Chyad
More informationQualifying Photonics for the Space Environment
Qualifying Photonics for the Space Environment Iain McKenzie Trieste 20/02/2015 ESA Presentation Iain McKenzie Trieste 20/02/2015 TEC-MME ESA ESTEC Slide 1 Qualifying Microphotonic Devices for Space 15
More informationField Measurements of Deployed Fiber
Field Measurements of Deployed Fiber Robert J. Feuerstein Level 3 Communications, 1025 Eldorado Boulevard, Broomfield, Colorado 80021 Robert.Feuerstein@Level3.com Abstract: New generations of ultra-long
More informationNORTH ORANGE COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICT SECTION 27 10 00 STRUCTURE CABLING TESTING
RELATED SECTIONS: NORTH ORANGE COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICT Section 27 00 00 General Requirements Section 27 02 00 General Communication Requirements Section 27 05 26 Grounding and Bonding for Communications
More informationOptical Fibers Fiber Optic Cables Indoor/Outdoor
presents Optical Fibers Fiber Optic Cables Indoor/Outdoor Content Optical fiber function, types optical effects applications production of optical fibre Cable - general types Indoor Indoor / outdoor Outdoor
More informationOptical Communications Analysis of transmission systems. Henrique Salgado hsalgado@fe.up.pt. Point-to-point system
Optical Communications Analysis of transmission systems 2007-2008 Henrique Salgado hsalgado@fe.up.pt 1 Point-to-point system The project of a point-to-point link involves, in general, many interrelated
More informationAmplified High Speed Fiber Photodetectors
Amplified High Speed Fiber Photodetectors User Guide (800)697-6782 sales@eotech.com www.eotech.com Page 1 of 7 EOT AMPLIFIED HIGH SPEED FIBER PHOTODETECTOR USER S GUIDE Thank you for purchasing your Amplified
More informationResolution of comments 242 and 267 on Insertion loss measurements of installed fiber cables. Steve Swanson May 5, 2009
Resolution of comments 242 and 267 on Insertion loss measurements of installed fiber cables Steve Swanson May 5, 2009 Current text in 86.10.1 Insertion loss measurements of installed fiber cables are made
More informationFOM-5A, 6A. Asynchronous Fiber Optic Modem
FOM-5A, 6A Asynchronous Fiber Optic Modem FEATURES Asynchronous transmission at up to 19.2 kbps Transmission range up to 3 km (1.8 mi), regardless of data rate Full- or half-duplex Transfers one control
More informationLED red (-): Measuring value < lower tolerance threshold LED red (+): Measuring value > upper tolerance threshold. Page 1/6
L-LAS Series L-LAS-LT-165-CL - Line laser 1 mw, laser class 2 - Visible laser line (red light 670 nm), typ. 2 mm x 3 mm - Reference distance approx. 165 mm - Measuring range typ. 65... 265 mm - Resolution
More informationAntennas & Propagation. CS 6710 Spring 2010 Rajmohan Rajaraman
Antennas & Propagation CS 6710 Spring 2010 Rajmohan Rajaraman Introduction An antenna is an electrical conductor or system of conductors o Transmission - radiates electromagnetic energy into space o Reception
More informationModule Connectors and Cable Specifications
Module Connectors, page 1 Cables and Adapters, page 2 Cleaning the Fiber-Optic Connectors, page 6 Module Connectors RJ-45 Connector The RJ-45 connector is used to connect a Category 3, Category 5, Category
More informationSimulation and Best Design of an Optical Single Channel in Optical Communication Network
International Arab Journal of e-technology, Vol., No., June 11 91 Simulation and Best Design of an Optical Single Channel in Optical Communication Network Salah Alabady Computer Engineering Department,
More informationElectromagnetic Radiation (EMR) and Remote Sensing
Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) and Remote Sensing 1 Atmosphere Anything missing in between? Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) is radiated by atomic particles at the source (the Sun), propagates through
More information7.4 3M No Polish Connector
Cap Fibre Splice Element Description 3M No Polish Connector (NPC) enables fast, on-site installation of 250μm and 900μm connections utilizing a one piece, pre-assembled design. The SC compatible connector
More informationis the power reference: Specifically, power in db is represented by the following equation, where P0 P db = 10 log 10
RF Basics - Part 1 This is the first article in the multi-part series on RF Basics. We start the series by reviewing some basic RF concepts: Decibels (db), Antenna Gain, Free-space RF Propagation, RF Attenuation,
More informationThis Antenna Basics reference guide includes basic information about antenna types, how antennas work, gain, and some installation examples.
Antenna Basics This Antenna Basics reference guide includes basic information about antenna types, how antennas work, gain, and some installation examples. What Do Antennas Do? Antennas transmit radio
More informationDuobinary Modulation For Optical Systems
Introduction Duobinary Modulation For Optical Systems Hari Shanar Inphi Corporation Optical systems by and large use NRZ modulation. While NRZ modulation is suitable for long haul systems in which the
More informationFiber Optics: Engineering from Global to Nanometer Dimensions
Fiber Optics: Engineering from Global to Nanometer Dimensions Prof. Craig Armiento Fall 2003 1 Optical Fiber Communications What is it? Transmission of information using light over an optical fiber Why
More information2 Absorbing Solar Energy
2 Absorbing Solar Energy 2.1 Air Mass and the Solar Spectrum Now that we have introduced the solar cell, it is time to introduce the source of the energy the sun. The sun has many properties that could
More informationFiber Optics. Integrated Photo Detector Receiver for Plastic Fiber Plastic Connector Housing SFH551/1-1 SFH551/1-1V
Fiber Optics Integrated Photo Detector Receiver for Plastic Fiber Plastic Connector Housing SFH551/1-1 Features Bipolar IC with open-collector output Digital output, TTL compatible Sensitive in visible
More informationFIBER OPTIC ISOLATORS
Features: >0W Optical power handling capability Polarization Sensitive and Insensitive versions Product offerings over 3 000 nm wavelength range High isolation levels and low return loss Low Insertion
More informationDOING PHYSICS WITH MATLAB COMPUTATIONAL OPTICS RAYLEIGH-SOMMERFELD DIFFRACTION INTEGRAL OF THE FIRST KIND
DOING PHYSICS WITH MATLAB COMPUTATIONAL OPTICS RAYLEIGH-SOMMERFELD DIFFRACTION INTEGRAL OF THE FIRST KIND THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE RADIANT FLUX DENSITY AT THE FOCUS OF A CONVERGENCE BEAM
More informationAn advanced Dark Fiber Monitoring System for Next Generation Optical Access Networks
An advanced Dark Fiber Monitoring System for Next Generation Optical Access Networks Min Cen, Jiajia Chen, Véronique Moeyaert, Patrice Mégret and Marc Wuilpart 18th Annual Workshop of the IEEE Photonics
More information10Gb/s SFP+ LRM 1310nm FP with PIN Receiver 220meters transmission distance
Feature 10Gb/s serial optical interface compliant to 802.3aq 10GBASE-LRM Electrical interface compliant to SFF-8431 specifications for enhanced 8.5 and 10 Gigabit small form factor pluggable module SFP+
More informationExplanation of Reflection Features in Optical Fiber as Sometimes Observed in OTDR Measurement Traces
Explanation of Reflection Features in Optical Fiber as Sometimes Observed in OTDR Measurement Traces WP1281 Issued: November 2015 Supersedes: 2012 Author: Dr. Russell Ellis ISO 9001 Registered Background
More informationFibre Channel Fiber-to-Fiber Media Converters
Fibre Channel Fiber-to-Fiber Media Converters CM-155-XX CM-131-XX Multi-mode to Single-mode series Single-mode to Single-mode series Low cost CCM-1600 Fibre Channel media converter modules by Canary Communications
More informationFundamentals of modern UV-visible spectroscopy. Presentation Materials
Fundamentals of modern UV-visible spectroscopy Presentation Materials The Electromagnetic Spectrum E = hν ν = c / λ 1 Electronic Transitions in Formaldehyde 2 Electronic Transitions and Spectra of Atoms
More informationT = 1 f. Phase. Measure of relative position in time within a single period of a signal For a periodic signal f(t), phase is fractional part t p
Data Transmission Concepts and terminology Transmission terminology Transmission from transmitter to receiver goes over some transmission medium using electromagnetic waves Guided media. Waves are guided
More informationThe following terms are defined within the context of the fiber optic industry
The following terms are defined within the context of the fiber optic industry Adapter A mechanical media termination device designed to align and join fiber optic connectors. Often referred to as coupling,
More informationHow To Use The Visifault Visual Fault Locator
VisiFault Visual Fault Locator Instruction Sheet The VisiFault Visual Fault Locator (VFL) is a visible light source that helps you trace optical fibers, check fiber continuity, and find faults such as
More informationWhy Expanded Beam types are essential in military and other harsh environment applications
White paper Fiber Optic Connectors Bliek 18 4941 SG RAAMSDONKSVEER NEDERLAND Telephone: +31 162 518 208 Fax: +31 162 518 216 E-mail: info@mcap.nl Website: www.mcap.nl ABN-AMRO: 52.14.96.500 IBAN: NL28ABNA0521496500
More informationRLH 2 Wire Digital Phone Fiber Link Card System
RLH Industries, Inc. The leader in rugged fiber optic technology. USER GUIDE! Unconditional Lifetime Warranty U-008 2014C-0924 RLH 2 Wire Digital Phone Fiber Link Card System CARD INSTALLATION INFORMATION
More informationService Description blizznetdarkfiber
Service Description blizznetdarkfiber Version: 2.1 Inhalt: 1. About Wien Energie and blizznet... 1 2. Basic Services... 1 3. Prerequisites... 1 1.1. Physical availability... 1 1.2. Construction prerequisites/space
More informationLAP NODO ÓPTICO 2/4 SALIDAS WT-8604JL
2/4 SALIDAS WT-8604JL Latin American Power. CABA, Argentina. www.latinamericanpower.com 1 WT-8604JL OPTICAL RECEIVER 1 - DESCRIPTION WT-8604JL is our new high-class 4-way output CATV optical receiver.
More informationINSERTION-LOSS MEASUREMENT ACCURACY FOR FIBER-OPTIC COMPONENTS AN ANALYSIS
INSERTION-LOSS MEASUREMENT ACCURACY FOR FIBER-OPTIC COMPONENTS AN ANALYSIS Christopher T. Allen Ralph D. Taylor James R. Stone DIT-MCO International INSERTION-LOSS MEASUREMENT ACCURACY FOR FIBER-OPTIC
More informationRemoving the Mystery from OTDR Measurements. Keith Foord Product Manager Greenlee Communications
Removing the Mystery from OTDR Measurements Keith Foord Product Manager Greenlee Communications Why an OTDR? Terminology Theory Standards Key specifications Trade-offs Cleaning and Inspection Measurements
More informationFIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATIONS. Optical Fibers
FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATIONS Optical Fibers Fiber optics (optical fibers) are long, thin strands of very pure glass about the size of a human hair. They are arranged in bundles called optical cables and
More informationSolution 1: Algorithm Positioning
Model No: OEAFP Series All-Fiber Pipeline Security System Solutions Solution 1: Algorithm Positioning Application conditions Applicable for outdoor long-distance oil-gas pipeline security monitoring without
More informationUSER GUIDE. 2 Channel POTS Mux DIN Fiber Link System. Introduction SYSTEM INSTALLATION INFORMATION. The leader in rugged fiber optic technology.
The leader in rugged fiber optic technology. USER GUIDE! Lifetime Warranty U-04 015A-01 Channel POTS Mux DIN Fiber Link System SYSTEM INSTALLATION INFORMATION Introduction The Channel POTS Mux DIN Fiber
More informationDifferent Types of Dispersions in an Optical Fiber
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 12, December 2012 1 Different Types of Dispersions in an Optical Fiber N.Ravi Teja, M.Aneesh Babu, T.R.S.Prasad, T.Ravi B.tech
More informationOptical transmission systems over Plastic Optical Fiber (POF) at high bit rate
Optical transmission systems over Plastic Optical Fiber (POF) at high bit rate Politecnico di Torino, 13 Sept. 2007 Daniel Cárdenas OptCom Group Photonlab Dipartimento di Elettronica Politecnico di Torino
More informationGigabit Switching Ethernet Media Converters - Product User Guide
Gigabit Switching Ethernet Media Converters - Product User Guide PL0338 Issue3 Introduction These Tyco Electronics Gigabit Media Converters translate between 1000Base-T copper and 1000Base-X fiber optic
More informationFig.1. The DAWN spacecraft
Introduction Optical calibration of the DAWN framing cameras G. Abraham,G. Kovacs, B. Nagy Department of Mechatronics, Optics and Engineering Informatics Budapest University of Technology and Economics
More informationExperiment 5. Lasers and laser mode structure
Northeastern University, PHYS5318 Spring 2014, 1 1. Introduction Experiment 5. Lasers and laser mode structure The laser is a very important optical tool that has found widespread use in science and industry,
More informationCISCO 10GBASE X2 MODULES
DATA SHEET CISCO 10GBASE X2 MODULES Figure 1. Cisco 10GBASE X2 and Xenpak Module PRODUCT OVERVIEW The Cisco 10GBASE X2 modules (Figure 1) offers customers a wide variety of 10 Gigabit Ethernet connectivity
More informationYour Network. Our Connection. 10 Gigabit Ethernet
Your Network. Our Connection. 10 Gigabit Ethernet t Agenda Why 10G? Applicable 10GbE Standards Distance Restrictions Copper Fiber Fiber Repeaters 3R s Fiber Module Types Form Factors of 10G modules Future
More informationExperiment #5: Qualitative Absorption Spectroscopy
Experiment #5: Qualitative Absorption Spectroscopy One of the most important areas in the field of analytical chemistry is that of spectroscopy. In general terms, spectroscopy deals with the interactions
More informationPlastic Optical Fiber for In-Home communication systems
Plastic Optical Fiber for In-Home communication systems Davide Visani 29 October 2010 Bologna E-mail: davide.visani3@unibo.it Summary Reason for Fiber in the Home (FITH) FITH scenario Comparison of CAT5
More informationFIBRE OPTICS & LASERS
FIBRE OPTICS & LASERS PHOTONICS FOR ENGINEERS EDUCATIONAL KITS PHOTONICS EXPERIMENTS FOR ENGINEERS FIBRE OPTICS & LASERS Since lasers and optic systems are a major upcoming drive of nowadays important
More informationFibre optic testing best practices
Fibre optic testing best practices Adrian Young Senior Technical Support Engineer Fluke Networks November 2011 Singapore Inspecting and cleaning Keeping the output port on your test equipment clean is
More informationCisco SFP Optics for Gigabit Ethernet Applications
Cisco SFP Optics for Gigabit Ethernet Applications The industry-standard Cisco Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) Gigabit Interface Converter is a hot-swappable input/output device that plugs into a Gigabit
More informationBandwidth analysis of multimode fiber passive optical networks (PONs)
Optica Applicata, Vol. XXXIX, No. 2, 2009 Bandwidth analysis of multimode fiber passive optical networks (PONs) GRZEGORZ STEPNIAK *, LUKASZ MAKSYMIUK, JERZY SIUZDAK Institute of Telecommunications, Warsaw
More informationHow To Get A Better Signal From A Fiber To A Coax Cable
Gigabit Transmission What s the Limit? Fanny Mlinarsky Page 1 What s the Limit? Speed Faster higher frequency higher attenuation less headroom Distance Longer higher attenuation more jitter less headroom
More informationWhite Paper: 10GbE Fiber A Practical Understanding and Functional Approach
White Paper: 10GbE Fiber A Practical Understanding and Functional Approach Dennis Manes, RCDD Senior Applications Engineer Leviton Network Solutions E/8 #2509 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Types of
More informationSingle or Dual Fiber for 100 Mbps over SMF?
Single or Dual Fiber for 100 Mbps over SMF? Hans Mickelsson, Ericsson Research Ulf Jönsson, Ericsson Research 1 Service Network Layering Traditional view (Telco) The infrastructure can be used for different
More informationHow To Use A Kodak Kodacom 2.5D (Kodak) With A Power Supply (Power Supply) And Power Supply
Reflective Optical Sensor with Transistor Output Description The CNY7 has a compact construction where the emitting light source and the detector are arranged in the same direction to sense the presence
More informationGigabit Ethernet Copper-to-Fiber Converters
Gigabit Ethernet Copper-to-Fiber Converters GFT-10XX Standard multi-mode & single-mode 1000BASE-T GFT-1055E Extended Reach Multi-Mode over standard fiber GFT-1037A/B Single-Fiber, Bi-Directional Single-Mode
More informationExample of SOP for IR Laser
Example of SOP for IR Laser Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for Class 4 HPD semiconductor Laser Manufacturer HPD Building & Room Number EH&S 101 Model Number HPD-1/100/975 Laser Class 4 Serial Number
More informationWhat are Fibre Optics?
Fibre Optics Fibre Optics? Fibre optics (optical fibres) are the guiding channels through which light energy propagates. These are long, thin strands of very pure glass about the diameter of a human hair
More informationLight Link Series 2 LT1550. Laser Transmitter with Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifier. Description. Features
Description The Light Link Series 2 optical transmitter model employs a high performance thermally stabilised, DFB, low-chirp, isolated laser to transmit CATV signals. Operating on a specific optical wavelength
More information