Living Angkor Road Project (LARP)

Living Angkor Road Project (LARP) Khmer Thai Collaboration Research Project APSARA Authority Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy Fine Art Department Prince of Songkla University Silpakorn University Funding Supported By Thailand Research Fund (TRF)

Introduction to LARP In this project, we study the detailed of this ancient road, its utilization, the people who lived and used this ancient road, the ancient industries along this ancient road, and the culture that had disappeared, and the one that has been continue to flourish along the royal road until today. The most advance technologies were applied in the field of remote sensing, GIS, archaeology, anthropology, geo-physics. The information systems were developed to gather all information from this study for the scholars to use. In addition, the data that was developed from this project can be further utilized by the other related works in the fields of land use planning related to cultural management, tourism, etc.

The Royal Road from Angkor to Phimai PrPrPr..Tep Ta Pleng Satit Pleng))) TaPleng (Nong NongTa TepSatit Satit((Nong.Tep Pr.Chhan Thailand Pr.Kok Pnov Cambodia Pr.Ampil

Objectives This project seeks to use advanced technologies to collect and analyze archaeological and cultural information on the people living along the ancient road. In earlier work, we identified the historic road, communication links, and human settlements of the Khmer empire between Angkor to Phimay. The current proposal seeks to conduct a further detailed study using remote sensing and GIS, together with historical, archaeological, and cultural information, in order to develop a multimedia database for the area between Angkor and Phimay. In Angkor Park, as in Thailand, research has been conducted to produce data for an ethnographic database. The systematic ethnographical survey on both sides, Cambodia and Thailand, will provide most valuable information for future studies of the region. Of course, this is the first time that such a study has taken place across the border of Thailand and Cambodia since the French conducted such a study almost 100 years ago.

The sub-objectives of this project are: To identify : 1. Communication networks : roads, canals together with irrigation systems from Phimay to Angkor 2. Human settlement structures along the communication network 3. Other major ancient manmade structures along the communication network, i.e. stone bridges, Dharmashala (Rest houses), Arogyashala (Hospitals), agglomerations, ancient water reservoirs or water works. w To collect : 4. Archaeological information along the buffer zone of the royal road 5. Cultural information from the local people that have been living ing in the area along the buffer zone of the royal road

To construct : Multi-media database of historical, archaeological, and cultural for the communication network, manmade major structures and human settlements along the communication network that will lead to the setting up of Digital Cultural Research Center (DCRC)

Major Findings - Formerly Missing Dharmasala - Road Traces - Stone Bridges - Passages Crossing Dang Rek - Ancient Communities - Ancient Industries

Data Resources 1- Ancient text: Preah Khan Inscription 2- Old maps 3- Aerial photos and Satellite images 4- Archaeological remains 5- Information from field surveys

Ancient texts: Preah Khan Inscription

road; way; orbit Dharmasala (Term proposed by L. Finot)

Translated by Georges Coedes, 1941

Old maps Lunet Delajonquiere 1911

Ancient Maps (not to scale) (source: Royal Siamese Maps by Santanee Phasuk and Phillip Stott)

Detail of Ancient Maps (not to scale) (source: Royal Siamese Maps by Santanee Phasuk and Phillip Stott)

Aerial Photos and Satellite images Road to Phimay JICA 1997

Aerial Photos (not to scale)

Landsat ETM

SRTM of Ta Mean area

Quick Bird (not to scale))

Quick Bird (not to scale))

Remote Sensing and GIS Surveys

Archaeological Remains

Dharmasala, (Rest houses)

Stone Bridges

Water structure Water structure

แหล งโบราณคด ปราสาททอง แหล งต ดห นสายตร 7 เตานายเจ ยน เตาหนองจ ก แหล งโลหะกรรมหมายเลข 1 แหล งโลหะกรรมหมายเลข 8 ก โลเมตร 2.15 10.00 0.20 2.00 4.40 3.50

Archaeological Survey

Archaeological Analysis

Comparative Study with Pra Ruang Road

Comparative Study with Pra Ruang Road

Tested Pit 2 Geophysics Survey Magnetic Anomaly 15N 9N 6E 7.5E

GPR Results Line 06E Magnetic Anomaly Tested Pit 2 15N Line 07E 9N 6E 7.5E Line 08E

Analysis of Archaeological Evidents Ceramics in Banteay Meanchey

Ceramics in Banteay Meanchey

Ceramics in Udor Meanchey

Ceramics found in Udor Meanchey

Green and Brown Glazed Wares

Archaeological Analysis

Cultural Surveys

Ta Phrom Preah Khan Daily life

Preah Khan

Oh Sword; A Metal Sword! That s Special/Marvellous Sword which Metal from Kompong Svay Song recorded at Srah Srang, Angkor

Iron Smelting drawn by a French Scholar in late 19 th Centuries

Present-day Kuy In Cambodia

Pravay Kuy

Result from Current Works From the studies of this research project, we had discovered evident about the ancient road along this ancient road. The most important items are as follow: Missing Dharmashalas (chapel of rest house) Ancient laterite bridges along the ancient road in Cambodia side Ancient industry sites along the ancient road in Cambodia and Thailand sides Ancient communities along the ancient road in Cambodia and Thailand and sides

Dharmasala s Structure Building structure Pond Drawn by Rachna

Dharmasala from Angkor to Phimay Road Original List 1. Phto 2. Sampov 3. Semanteng 4. Kuk O chroeng 5. Kok Mon 6. Promkel 7. Nongplong 8. Sraepo 9. Tamean 10. Thmor 11. Banbu 12. Kok Prasat 13. Nongplong 14. Tepsnathit 15. Hueikan 16.Kuk Sila Updated List from Living Angkor Road Study 1. Sampov 2. Samanteng 3. Kuk Ach Chroeng 4. Kok Mon 5. Prom Kel 6. Prasat Ampil 7. Kok Phnau 8. Prasat Chan 9. Ta Mean 10.Thmor 11. Banbu 12. Kok Prasat 13. Nong Plong 14. Tepsanthit 15. Samrong Kao 16. Huei Ken 17. Kuk Sila

Distance Calculation Angkor-Dang Rek Dhamarsala Distance Time Total (d/h/m( d/h/m) Angkor-Sampov 7 km 1.45 Sampov-Samanteng Samanteng 18.71 km 4.40 Samanteng-Kok Ach Chroeng 17.36 km 4 Kok Ach Chroeng-Kok Mon 11.81 km 4 Kok Mon-Prohm Kel 10.36 km 2.50 Prohm Kel-Ampil 22.58 km 5.50 Ampil-Kok Phnau 18.61 km 4.45 Kok Phnau-Prasat Prasat Chan 14.61 km 3.50 Average distance/time 15.13 km 4 Total distance/time 121.04 km 30.26 1.6.26

Distance Calculation Dang Rek-Phimay Dhamarsala Distance Time Total (d/h/m) Tamean-Thmor 17 4.25 Thmor-Ban Bu 17.6 4.4 Ban Bu-Kok Prasat 17.8 4.45 Kok Prasat-Nong Plong 9.5 2.375 Nong Plong-Tepsanthit 10.6 2.65 Tepsanthit-Hui Ken 20.4 5.1 Hui Ken-Kuk Sila 16.6 4.15 Kuk Sila-Phimay 19.4 4.85 Average distance/time 16.1125 4.028125 Total distance/time 128.9 32.225 1.8.22 Angkor-Tamean (Dang Rek) 123.2 31 1.7 Angkor-Phimay 245 61.25 2.13.25

Phlov Romkel Sab, Laterite Steps

Missing Dharmashalas (chapel of rest house) Prasart Ampil Prasart Kok Phnov

Ancient Bridges

Ancient Industries

Findings in Cambodia Side Villages: 54 Temples: 56 Ancient Bridges: 32 Dharmasala: : 8 Hospital s s Chapel: 3 Possibly Industry Sites : 28 Stone Pole: 14 Resident Area: 46 Water Structures: 385

Developing Database

The Cultural Heritage Heritage is ancient properties which reflect the past creative force of human life such as monument, artifacts including intangible ible resources such as language, rituals, traditions and values. Tangible Tangible Heritage Intangible Intangible Heritage

Cultural structure Cultural structure and components

Cultural structure Culture structure, as defined by Phraya Anuman Ratchathon, former-director Director-General of the Fine Arts Department Thailand

Cultural structure Common living culture is a never-ending ending process

Development of Portal and Map server System http://larp.crma.ac.th/tikiwiki/tiki-index.php http://larp.crma.ac.th/larp/map/

Cultural Information Example : http:// http://larp.su.ac.th

Development of 3D Modeling

THE ROYAL ROAD FROM ANGKOR TO PHIMAI 10 am SOAS -- May 18, 2007 LIVE VDO broadcast Lecture from THAILAND In this lecture, we presented the overview and current state of the project with live lecture from one of the excavation site in Ban Krud, Burirum province in Thailand along the royal road from Angkor to Phimai.

Participation from Local People Data Data Collections Technologies and Knowledge Transfer

Final Conclusion Key Key Points of Living Angkor Road Project Multi-disciplinary research Local Collaboration Local Knowledge Local Understanding Most Advanced Technologies Friendship