Globalisation of doctoral education and institutional responses Interdoc2014 Conference Italian Presidency of the EU 20 November 2014
EUA Council for Doctoral Education EUA European University Association 850 universities and rectors conferences in 47 countries Developing evidencebased policies Advocating these policies Promoting development of universities as institutions Council for Doctoral Education (CDE) a membership service focused on doctoral education Development of doctoral schools Doctorate-specific policy development 234 members in 35 countries (from Faro to Tomsk) 3
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International research Research and doctoral education are traditionally international! Research is borderless in the sense that good research anywhere is good research everywhere! Ideal of a Republic of Letters since the Enlightenment (at least)! Science 2.0 makes science even less fixed in space and time The world of research is becoming more competitive! Rankings! Brain drain! Competition for talent 5
Internationalisation of doctoral education The CODOC project identified three global trends in doctoral education! 1) Growth strong growth in doctoral education across the world! 2) Discourse everywhere, doctoral education is linked to the idea of the knowledge society! 3) Collaborations - in order to develop doctoral education, it is necessary to build global partnerships at the institutional level The globalisation of doctoral education has been emphasised! Open access, open data! Research networks 6
Growth We have seen remarkable growth over the last decade 150# Growth'in'doctorates'awarded'in'the'EU,'USA'and' La5n'America'2004=100' 140# 130# 120# European#Union#(27# countries)# United#States# 110# 100# 90# 2004# 2005# 2006# 2007# 2008# 2009# 2010# La>n#America# Source: Eurostat and RICYT 7
http://olihb.com/2014/08/11/map-of-scientificcollaboration-redux/ Olivier H. Beauchesne/SCImago Lab
Professional management of doctoral education Since 2005, we have seen a quiet revolution in European doctoral education! Professional management: The Rise of the doctoral school 30 % of universities had a doctoral school in 2007 65 % in 2009* 82% ARDE 2011 Universal 2013 (90% have institutional structures and procedures, 85% doctoral schools) This has been key in Europe to manage growth in intake 9 *TRENDS V, TRENDS 2010
Internationalisation strategies Internationalisation strategies exist in most institutions (EUA Int. Survey) 10
What are the priorities for research collaborations? 100 80 60 Low importance 40 Medium importance 20 0 Individual ad hoc mobility Formal research collaborations International staff/doctoral candidates Joint/collaborative programmes Institutional activities High importance Source: ERA Survey 2013 N=205 Number of responses: 205/224
FRINDOC a framework for the internationalisation of doctoral education The FRINDOC project is an attempt to address the particular issues of internationalisation in doctoral education Universities are facing an increasingly international (and competitive) research environment They are more professionally managed They have strategies and ideas where they want to go How do they get there? 12
Project outcomes A statement on internationalisation of doctoral education! Defining some basic principles! Giving examples of good practice An online tool for universities to engage in selfevaluation and discuss how to develop Provide a forum for exchange 13
Project consortium The consortium consists of different universities that all have a proven track record of internationalisation in doctoral education plus EUA 14
Basis of the framework The FRINDOC consortium identified some basic elements:! Research capacity there needs to be a research environment in the institution! International profile how international is the institution?! Institutional framework there needs to be an institutional capacity to engage internationally! Mobility there needs to be some physical engagement across borders 15
The framework with basic categories Mobility Staff Capacity for research and supervision Research Funding for mobility Research productivity Staff mobility External funding for research Doctoral candidates' mobility Funding for doctoral candidates stipends/ wages National legal and administrative framework Institutional reputation Operational capacity International profile of staff Framework Management capacity Quality assurance system International profile of doctoral candidates Profile 16
What have we learned from FRINDOC? Universities give a high priority to internationalisation of research and doctoral education There are very different goals for their strategies! From establishing mobility and capacity! To focusing on select partners! beginners focus on quantity established players on quality Internal procedures and institutional capacity differs! Importance of governance and QA at the institutional level
Concluding questions and remarks The internationalisation of research is not new but globalisation is! Is there a difference?! How globalised are we and who is global Convergence between internationalisation and professional management! Going global requires institutional investment and development! Internationalisation is going beyond mobility universities must be able to be part of international networks as institutions
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