2014 年 11 月 10 日 星 期 一 LTE Solution and Requirements for Smart Grids 11 th November 2014 Markus Dillinger Head of Wireless Internet Technologies Huawei European Research Centre Munich, Germany
Outline Energy Landscape with Germany as an example Connectivity solution and costs Wireless solution portfolio Challenges and design approach LTE network dimensioning drivers Examples 1
Global Energy Landscape 4 4 690 300, X0.000 3 Mio 42 Mio Example Germany Number of stakeholders in Germany >700 1015 Asset Management for Grid Components Grid Control Systems WAMS Grid Automation FACTS Asset Management for Distributed Energy Resources Business Services Industrial Demand Side Management / DR Plant Communication and Control Modules Virtual Power Plant Systems Forecasting Systems Regional Energy Market Places Trading Control Systems Advanced Metering Infrastructure ICT Connectivity Integration Technologies Data Management Security Smart Appliances Stakeholders ICT Technologies Networking technologies Cross-cutting technologies Closed System Technologies 2 Source: Future Energy Study EIT ICT Labs, Acatech, 2012
Cost evaluation of different connectivity solutions Fiber optics is the most powerful but most expensive solution Customers: TSO - 100% of sites, DSO up to 30% of sites (mainly cities) Licensed radio is the cheapest option Suitable for medium and low voltage DSO in rural Cost shared between many players operating one network per country PLC is suitable for short span, therefore suitable for suburban/urban 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 3900 TCO per km link (EUR) 90 60 45 Fiber Optics Power Line Leased lines Licensed radio Source: Apply Radios to Improve the Operation of Electrical Protection, Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories Inc., 2010, x rate USD 0,75 3
Typical solution portfolio for utilities Connectivity Ethernet, IP, soft switches Optical Transport (DWDM, ASON) NG-SDH, MPLS/IP, PLC Circuit switched solutions (today) Wireless technologies (WiMAX, 3GPP, IEEE) Auxiliary and Safety Smart Meter Rating and Billing Event history data SOA interface server Prepaid or postpaid server Customer data Rating engine Tariff data ICT and Meter Data Management Tariff management Fraud management FCAPS Pre-processing Object Management Multi-Vendor/Industry/Provider Data Collection Meter data management Collaboration Fire / Burglar / Access Surveillance emobility Management Identity Manager Rating Billing Subs DB Services Network Design IP Transformation Service Maintenance Managed Services Installation Network operations for Telco network 4
LTE Solution for Smart Grid operations (field automation, control and monitoring) Smart Grid devices LTE FDD/TDD Network Network Operation Center Field Devices + CPE Industrial M2M Gateway SCADA, NOC system Substation switch + CPE Smart Meter + CPE BTS ecn All IP Network server firewall Disk Array storage Management client Support of complete Field Automation Process: Agile wireless broadband solution for low latencies ( < 50 msec) Cost-effective solution: Field automation device connectivity for rural, suburban, urban and dense urban areas Convergence of Smart Meter, Field Devices and Substation Traffic: Secure grid surveillance and control 5
LTE for field automation, monitoring and control solution Substation Operations Field Device Operations Substation Site (Primary SS) Substation Gateway with packet radio module with class 1 power - 30 dbm; IEC101/104 conversion, FE connecting to Ethernet switch of substations Ring Main Unit (Secondary SS) Field Device Reclosers, Disconnectors, Monitoring Units IEC101/104 Radio Modem IEC 101 / 104 protocol conversion for packet-based radio (Class 1 power terminal 30dBm) RS232 / FE i/f Field Device IEC101/104 Radio Modem Substation Gateway for IEC101/104, DNP3 and GOOSE support Radio Packet Modem supporting IEC101/104, DNP3 6
Critical communication requirements for Smart Grid operations Physical Interface Protocol Transmission rate requirements Latency requirements Serial IEC 60870-5-101 DNP3 < 38.4 kbps < 2 s Ethernet IEC 60870-5-104 DNP3i, IEC61850 Server-Client > 100 kbps < 2 s Ethernet IEC 61850 GOOSE > 100 kbps < 50 ms Controller to controller is typically: ca. 5 km, max distance 20 to 25 km LTE at 450 MHz can fulfill these distances 7
Advanced radio network design for Smart Grid operations on DSO and TSO level DSO, TSO Domain DSO system area and deployments of Smart Meters, RTUs and substations RF Link Budgets for Different site solutions Radio Domain Radio site counts. Smart Meters, RTUs, substations per Radio site Traffic Models (peak, average traffic) for Distribution Automation scenarios Radio site capacity 8 Smart Grid traffic operations per radio sites / cells and Packet Core Feasibility and Traffic Shaping for Distribution Automation scenarios Optimal radio solution and load, delays on radio network elements Advanced network design based on utility smart grid traffic distribution and volumes. Saves approx. 40% Sites compared to classical network design Special radio terminals, radio site configurations and installation knowhow adapted for utility demands will lead to minimal investments Joint radio network design process with utility Requirements for lowest radio site counts for serving all smart meter and smart grid use cases
Base station sites Example for cost-effective LTE / 5G network design connecting smart meters, field devices and substations 5G >20% 5G 5G Example based on a German utility customer at 450MHz (Smart Grid traffic for 10 million smart meters and 500.000 field automation devices Primary SS, RMUs, reclosers, disconnectors) 9 5G FDD *), Available bandwidth *) Frequency Division Duplex Up to 40% site savings due to advanced network design More savings at higher frequencies than 450 MHz Design knowhow can be used for all frequencies, rural, suburban, urban and dense urban areas, smart grid traffic patterns and volumes 5G will have much less guardband demands
Calculated base station sites for an AMI deployment*) in Germany Comparing different power classes of wireless terminals for Smart Meters BS SITES Terminal Power Classes Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 450MHz@ 5 MHz 334 494 832 1080 Need for high power terminals Currently available terminals AMI 450MHz terminals have to provide Class 1 (30 dbm) output power for a low number of BS sites Use of classical Class 3 as in smart phones, USB modems,..will result in 500 more site counts (100 Million Euros more, 50 Million Capex and 50 Million Opex in 10 years) 10 *): 10 Million Households
Our elte components High-reliability Equipment & Compact Core Network Dimensions (H x W x D): 146 mm x 72 mm x 31 mm IP67 protection Working temperature: -20 0 C ~ 55 0 C IEC101/104 conversion FE, RS 232 Prof. Broadband Trunking Industrial Terminals Distributed design for easy deployment 1.5Gbps throughput per site IP65 protection level MTBF: 155000hours Multiple Frequency Bands: 450M/700M/800M/850M/900M/1.0G /1.8G/2.1G/2.6G (FDD) 1.8G/2.3G/2.6G/3.5G/3.7G/5.8G (TDD) DBS3900 Dimensions (H x W x D): 250 mm x 250 mm x 60 mm IP67 protection Working temperature: -40 0 C ~ 65 0 C Ex ic IIC T4 verified (Optional) ea660 Anti-Lightning Most compact Core network solution : MME/UGW/HSS/OSS/PTTServer/ Switch 6 in 1 Capacity: 20k users, 500 enodeb and 4G throughput System availability: >99.999% MTBF 250000hours Core network solution: ecns600 & NMS 11 *) elte (Enterprise Long Term Evolution)
Conclusions LTE has best cost position for new deployments For lowest number of base stations, LTE network design must be based on smart grid traffic types and volumes available bandwidth and carrier frequencies optimal base station site solution advanced terminals Availability of sufficient LTE spectrum is prerequisite! 12
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