How To Build A Building In Finnish Korea

Mikko Viljakainen (Arch, Lis. Tech) Managing director, Finnish Wood Council 2015 Wood Symposium, Vancouver THE RENEISSANCE IN FINNISH INDUSTRIALIZED TIMBER CONSTRUCTION METHODS 3.2.2015 Mikko Viljakainen

Europe can be divided into three geographical markets Differences in company structures and customer demand Finland 2014 Population 5 400 000 Total solution New residential construction < 27 000 Block of flats ~ 15-17 000 Engineered and erected Product with added features 3.2.2015 Mikko Viljakainen

Challenges Strict regulations Urban focus Low tech image and no R&D Labour intensive on site Lack of skilled labour Low productivity Product polarisation Low prefabrication Production orientation Poor quality 2/3/2015 Mikko Viljakainen High costs and prices Environmental footprint

Need for a change provides opportunities! 3.2.2015 Mikko Viljakainen

The biggest potential for wood is where the decisions are made professionally and where the buildings are big 100 14000 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 Puun Market osuus share of runkorakenteissa wood in frames % Puun Market osuus share of ulkoverhouksissa wood in facades % Markkinoiden Total potential kokonaisvolyymi (1000m3) (1000 m3) Source: Tilastokeskus, Rakentamisen tilastot. VTT

The growth of Finnish forests is over 100 mill. m3 per year FOREST BALANCE IN FINLAND 1960-2011 mill. m 3 120 Annual increment Total drain Industrial roundwood 100 80 60 40 20 0 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Source: Metla

2009 Internationally competitive wood construction industry 1 Internationally relevant reference buildings 2 Most advanced building regulations 3 Top competence and know how 4 Proprietary solutions for new construction and renovations

B-s2, d0 D-s2, d0 Block of flats up to 8 floors P2 fire class maximum 8 storeys with REI 60 structures Sprinkler system is required K 2 10 (4 floors) or K 2 30 (5-8) fire protected structures A-class insulation materials Special requirements for eaves, wooden facades (flame traps), emergency exits, balconies 1997 2011 3.2.2015 Mikko Viljakainen

B-s2, d0 D-s2, d0 Town houses up to 4 floors P2 fire class maximum 4 floors with REI 60 structures Fire protections of the structures K 2 30 A-class insulation materials No sprinkler system requirement 1997 2011 3.2.2015 Mikko Viljakainen

Technical challenges are solved! 4 1 4 1 3 3 2 2

3.2.2015 Mikko Viljakainen

Calculation tools 3.2.2015 Mikko Viljakainen

Instructions and data sheets 3.2.2015 Mikko Viljakainen

The new industrial building methods Hybrid technology Post and beam Volumetric 3.2.2015 Mikko Viljakainen

Hybrid technology 3.2.2015 Mikko Viljakainen

Photos: Tiia Sorsa, Reponen Oy

3.2.2015 Mikko Viljakainen Photos: Tiia Sorsa, Reponen Oy

3.2.2015 Kuva: Rakennusliike Reponen

3.2.2015 Sweco

3.2.2015 RKL Reponen

Post and beam technology 3.2.2015 Mikko Viljakainen Photos: Metsä Wood

3.2.2015 Mikko Viljakainen Photos: Metsä Wood

Photos: Metsä Wood

Photos: Metsä Wood 3.2.2015 Mikko Viljakainen

Photos: Metsä Wood

3.2.2015 Mikko Viljakainen Photos: Metsä Wood

Volumetric elements 3.2.2015 Mikko Viljakainen Photos: Stora Enso

Photos: Stora Enso

Photos: Stora Enso 3.2.2015 Mikko Viljakainen

3.2.2015 Mikko Viljakainen Photos: Stora Enso

Photos: Stora Enso

3.2.2015 Mikko Viljakainen Photos: Stora Enso

Photos: Stora Enso

Photos: OOPEAA and Stora Enso

Photos: Stora Enso

RunkoPES Open Industrial standard 3.2.2015 Mikko Viljakainen

One way to design several to construct 3.2.2015 Mikko Viljakainen

Clear benefits: Shorter construction time saves money! 3.2.2015 Mikko Viljakainen

Traditional construction process Traditional construction 11 14 months Design Manufacturing structural components Foundations 1st floor 2nd floor 3rd floor 4th floor 5th floor 6th floor Roof HVAC Int. and ext. finishes Landscape

Construction process under a tent Wood panels under tent 5 7 months Design Manufacturing structural components Foundations 1st floor 2nd floor 3rd floor 4th floor 5th floor 6th floor Roof HVAC Int. and ext. finishes Landscape

Process of the modular construction Modular construction 3 6 months Design Manufacturing volumetric components Structures HVAC Int. and ext. finishes Foundations Roof 1st 6th floor HVAC connections Int. and ext. finishes Landscape

Traditional construction 11 14 months Design Manufacturing structural components Foundations 1st floor 2nd floor 3rd floor 4th floor Modular construction Design 5th floor 6th floor Roof 3 6 months HVAC Int. and ext. finishes Landscape Manufacturing volumetric components Structures HVAC Int. and ext. finishes Foundations Roof 1st 6th floor HVAC connections Int. and ext. finishes Landscape

Construction speed Traditional construction Modular construction

Builder's perspective 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% Profit Company overhead costs Extra site costs (tent) Extra fire safety costs Labour costs Material costs Project overhead costs 10% 0% Traditional Wood modular ideally Wood modular in reality The allowed maximum costs of subsidized residential construction Outside Helsinki region 2 596 /m2 Helsinki region 3 048 /m2

Investor s perspective Traditional construction Design Manufacturing structural components Foundations 1st floor 2nd floor 3rd floor 4th floor 5th floor 6th floor Roof Modular construction Design HVAC Int. and ext. finishes Landscape Manufacturing volumetric components Structures HVAC Int. and ext. finishes Foundations Roof 1st 6th floor HVAC connections Int. and ext. finishes Landscape

Investor s perspective Traditional construction 13 16 months Design Manufacturing structural components Foundations 1st floor 2nd floor 3rd floor 4th floor 5th floor 6th floor Roof Modular construction Design HVAC Int. and ext. finishes Landscape ROI Manufacturing volumetric components Structures HVAC Int. and ext. finishes Foundations Roof 1st 6th floor HVAC connections Int. and ext. finishes Landscape

Investor s perspective Traditional construction 13 16 months Design Manufacturing structural components Foundations 1st floor 2nd floor 3rd floor 4th floor Modular construction Design 5th floor 6th floor Roof HVAC Int. and ext. finishes 1-2 months Landscape ROI Manufacturing volumetric components Structures HVAC Int. and ext. finishes Foundations Roof 1st 6th floor HVAC connections Int. and ext. finishes Landscape ROI = Return of investments

Added value! 3.2.2015 Mikko Viljakainen

Weather protection provides better quality and working conditions 3.2.2015 Titta Vuori, Moderlark

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Customer opinion Vähintään Satisfaction tyytyväisiä rate % FWR/TTY survey 2011: 6 buildings from 1996 2003 Flats 157 (24 % of all) 118 answers (75 %) Owners 58% Rentals 42%

6H 2 O + 6CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 3.2.2015 Mikko Viljakainen

Concrete house Betonitalo Practical differences of footprint case Metla Raw materials (tn) Source: VTT TIEDOTTEITA 2342 Puutalo Wood house 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Concrete house Betonitalo Wood house Puutalo Energy consumption (GJ) 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 C 2 O emissions (tn) Concrete house Betonitalo Wood house Puutalo 0 200 400 600 800 1000 3.2.2015 Mikko Viljakainen

Concrete house Betonitalo Practical differences of footprint case Viikki Raw materials (tn) Source: VTT Rakennustekniikka Wood house Puutalo 0 100 200 300 400 500 Concrete house Betonitalo Wood house Puutalo Concrete house Betonitalo Wood house Puutalo Energy consumption (GJ) 180 190 200 210 220 230 C 2 O emissions (tn) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 3.2.2015 Mikko Viljakainen

Summary of the 18 environmental comparisons CO 2 FOOTPRINT CAN BE CUT INTO HALF CO 2 comparisons of 18 different buildings Difference of the CO 2 footprint 120% 100% 80% 94% 60% 55% 40% 20% 0% 8% WOOD FRAME OTHER FRAME MATERIAL Source: Summary of the environmental comparisons, Kuittinen 2014

Potential according the town plans (m 2 ) = about 7000 flats during next yeas 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 2013 2014 2015 200 0 Flats Source: Ministry of employment and economy Wood Construction Program 9.10.2013

More information: 3.2.2015 Mikko Viljakainen

Thank you!