IASI 9th Scientific Congress "Sports Information in the Nineties", Rom 07. - 10.6.1993; Poster and oral presentation; Session A: training and competition data SPODAT - a data bank based on sport motorical test results to describe motor development Authors: Prof. Dr. Klaus Bös / Jochen Beck Institut für Sportwissenschaften Universität Frankfurt/M. - Freizeitsport - Ginnheimer Landstr. 39 6000 Frankfurt/M. 90 Bundesrepublik Deutschland Tel. 069/798-4510, FAX: 069/798-4525 The Institute for Sport in Frankfurt/M. (Section: leisure-time sport) Leader of the section is Prof. Dr. Klaus Bös. Research topics are: health sport, motor behavior and motor development, tests and measurements in physical education and computer aided documentation (literature, data). Jochen Beck works as a collaborator on the institute, his topics are: motor development, tests and data documentation. State of the art Sport science data banks are mostly limited to "literature documentation". However, there is still a large deficit in the area of "data documentation" (cf. LACHENICHT 1992). A great deal of data is available that relate to motor abilities. The trouble is that they have been collected in a number of ways from a variety of random samples. Looking for comparable data, the sport scientist and the sport instructor (coach, teacher) is forced to bring to reach and skim through a large amount of research findings published in books, journals etc. - a time-consuming and fastidious task, since statistical data are often unsatisfactiorily documented, different tests are being used, and their application varies a lot. Objectives A research project started in 1992 aims at creating a data bank which is to document sport motorical ability data and supply secondary analysis of these data. The objectives are: to improve sport documentation and information to establish standard test charts to document and analyze motor development.
BECK/BÖS data documention SPODAT - 2 - Procedere In a first step, a taxonomy has been elaborated which allows the structuring of the data and their retrieval. This work included: The choice of a theoretical reference system The ability orientated approach developed by BÖS/MECHLING (1983) and the taxonomy suggested by BÖS (1987) provide the basis for data collection. The selection of relevant abilities and test items Abilities and test items have been selected on the basis of an equiry among European fitness experts (BÖS 1992) and guidelines drawn from the existing material, which provides test data relating to substantial age periods. So far certain abilities/test procederes have been taken into account, because there were no data available on the corresponding age period, or else there was a lack in adequate procederes. The selection of relevant variables The data considered refer to 3 areas; data relating to the sample (age, sex, type of sport); data relating to the test findings (number of persons tested, mean value, standard deviation); and information relating to the source from which the data were taken (author, title, place, year). The definition of minimum quality standards for the publications If, for example, a test person's sex is not specified in an article, this articale will not be considered. Other CUT-OFF variables are: omission or only vague indication of test person's age; too small size of a sample (< 15 test persons); lack of dimension in the statistical data (omission of mean value/standard deviation). These requirements admittedly reflect a random choice and a first glance look somewhat unsophisticated, but experience shows that a great many publications fail to comply with them. Thus, for instance, many graphs that illustrate motor development fail to specify sex. In total, more than 50% of the publications did not comply with the standard mentioned above. In order to account for these latter data, an additional data bank (SPODAT0) was started. It will contain brief information on studies which for one reason or the other could not be incorporated in the main data bank SPODAT. In a second step, data from the years 1970-1992 have been made available. The source include: sport science journals in English and German research publications and theses a cooperation project with international fitness experts local investigations.
BECK/BÖS data documention SPODAT - 3 - Results Today (April 1993) the data base contains some 3000 records drawn from over 300 publications. Table 1 shows you the distribution of records with respect to different abilities and the quality of publication requirement (inclusion in SPODAT or SPODAT0). ability SPODAT SPODAT0 general endurance 157 164 anaerobic endurance - 42 muscular endurance 143 255 maximal strength 248 74 power 660 269 action velocity 189 149 reaction time - 23 coordination (time) 23 149 coordination (precision) 23 96 flexibility 162 88 sum 1605 1301 total sum 2906 Table 1: Distribution of records in SPODAT and SPODAT0 by ability
BECK/BÖS data documention SPODAT - 4 - Fig. 1 shows one sample each of a record from SPODAT and SPODAT0 (bottom) respectively. For visual reasons, taxonomic variables such as "ability" or "item structure" have been re-recorded. Fig. 1 records from SPODAT and SPODAT0 (bottom) DATEN zu: Schnellkraft/Ortsveränderung/Sprünge 1. Bibliograhische Angaben AUTOR: BUSCHHAUS,W./TIDOW,G./STEINHÖFER,D.: TITEL: Die Aussagekraft der DLV - Testbatterie IN: Leistungssport 11 (1981) 5, 358-365 2. Faktendaten TEST: jump and reach (x): 65,90 cm (s): 5,10 cm (N): 27 3. Stichprobenmerkmale Geschlecht: männlich Alter: 17 Jahre Typ: Kaderathlet Land: BRD-West Jahr: 1981 4. Verknüpfungsmöglichkeiten Name Betreiber Art Nr des Dokumentes SPOLIT BISp Köln Literatur 820316120 SPORT IfS Frankfurt/M. Literatur 6567 SPODAT IfS Frankfurt/M. Testdaten 26 In addition to the OUTPUT of SPODAT, SPODAT0 gives you brief informations about nonincorparation. DATEN zu: Maximalkraft/ohne Ortsveränderung/Krafteinsatz 2. Faktendaten TEST: Beinschieben 3. Grund für Nichtberücksichtigung in SPODAT ---------> 3,4 1 = Anzahl Versuchspersonen (unbekannt oder <15) 2 = Geschlecht (unbekannt oder gemischte Gruppe) 3 = Alter (unbekannt oder Spanne zu groß) 4 = Testaufgabe als "nicht relevant" eingestuft 5 = statistische Angaben (unzureichend, fehlend)
BECK/BÖS data documention SPODAT - 5 - SPODAT searches (exemples) Here are two examples of how the SPODAT data bank works, 1. Search of ability oriented literature [Example: power, jumps, < age 19, male] The search reveals test data in a total of 32 publications. Based on the abovementioned selection, Fig. 2 shows some exemplary literature records. In addition to the author, title, and place, SPODAT gives you the document numbers by which the document is identificable in SPOLIT (data bank run by the Federal Institut for Sport Science - BISp, Cologne) and SPORT (data bank run by the Institut for Sport - IfS, Frankfurt/M.). Fig. 2 search for literature: power, jumps, < age 19, male Autor: VAN MECHELEN,W. et. al.: Titel: EUROFIT.Handleiding met referentieschalen... in: Leuven 1991 SPODAT 177 Autor: WASMUND-BODENSTEDT,U./BRAUN,W. Titel: Entwicklung anthropometr. u. sportmot. Parameter u. deren... in: Sportwissenschaft 14 (1984) 4, 362-380 SPOLIT 880712943 SPODAT 183 Autor: SEHLBACH,U. Titel: Zur mot. Entwicklung sportlicher Talente...von 10-14 Jahren in: STARISCHKA,S./ROST,R.(Hrsg.):Das Kind im Zentrum.. Erlensee 1986 SPOLIT 880130985 SPODAT 160 Autor: HENSLEY,L.D./EAST,W.B./STILLWELL,J.L. Titel: Body fatness and motor performance during praedolescence in: Research Quaterly 53 (1982) 2, 133-140 SPODAT 76 Autor: MORRIS,A.M. et al. Titel: Age and sex differences in mot...through 6year old children in: Research Quaterly 53 (1982) 3, 214-221 SPORT 6054 SPODAT 125 Autor: AKGÜN,N. et al.: Titel: Preliminary results of motor fitness in: Council of Europe. 5th... (CDDS (86)) 25-51 SPODAT 2
BECK/BÖS data documention SPODAT - 6-2. Graph illustrating life-long motor development [Example: standing broad jump, leisure-time athletes, variables: age and sex] Standweitsprung 130 120 [Z -sco re] [cm ] sex male female m+f 269 234 110 199 100 164 90 129 80 94 70 59 6-9 10-14 15-18 19-25 26-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 Jahre agegroup Perspectives Not a dim vision, rather a truely challenging and rewarding endeavour - that is what an international data bank for sport motorical data could be, and it should preferably operate with raw data records. The same applies, of course, to other parts of sport science, e.g. "motor learning". Standardized annual inventories, like those published in Germany by the Landesämter für Datenverarbeitung und Statistik (Statistical Bureaus of the Federal States), might also be of interest. The Federal Institut of Sport Science as well suitable institutions of European level (Council of Europe) could assume coordination functions in this context. Literature documentation: BÖS, K. / MECHLING, H.: Dimensionen sportmotorischer Leistungen. Schorndorf 1983 BÖS, K.: Handbuch sportmotorischer Tests. Göttingen 1987 BÖS, K.: The Relevance of Fitness Tests and Fitness Programms in European Countries - Results from a Questionaire with Fitness Experts -. In: International Journal of Physical Education 39 (1992) 2, LACHENICHT, S.: Ermittlung von Informationen über Faktendatenbanken im Bereich sportwissenschaftlicher Einrichtungen Deutschlands. Referat auf dem dvs Workshop "Faktendatenbanken in der Sportwissenschaft" am 20.11.92 in Leipzig