The Post Disaster Needs Assessment in Asia- Pacific: A Regional Overview

The Post Disaster Needs Assessment in Asia- Pacific: A Regional Overview

21 PDNAs conducted in the Asia-Pacific region Country Event Year Myanmar Flood 2015 Since 2005 48 PDNAs have been conducted in 40 countries Out of these 21 have been conducted in the Asia-Pacific region Nepal Earthquakes 2015 Vanuatu Tropical Storm 2015 Fiji Cyclone 2013 Samoa Cyclone 2012 Bhutan Earthquake 2011 Pakistan Flood 2011 Thailand Flood 2011 Laos PDR Typhoon 2011 Kyrgystan Flood 2010 Pakistan Flood 2010 Cambodia Cyclone 2009 Laos PDR Cyclone 2009 Indonesia Earthquake 2009 Samoa Tsunami 2009 Philippines Cyclone 2009 Bhutan Earthquake 2009 India Flood 2008 Myanmar Cyclone 2008 Bangladesh Cyclone 2007 Pakistan Earthquake 2005

Evolution of the PDNA Methodology

Post-crisis Cooperation Agreement and Guidelines On 25 September 2008, the UNDG, EU and WB signed a Joint Declaration on Post-Crisis Assessments and Recovery Planning - PDNA Volumes A and B - Disaster Recovery Framework Presented in September 2014 at the Second World Reconstruction Conference; officially launched at the Sendai World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction on 14 March 2015

Why conduct a PDNA: Rationale Government led process Common platform for coordinated action Harmonize methodologies, toolkits and capacity building approach Tool for resource mobilization and recovery programming People-centred inclusive approach to the civil society Enhance country resilience to crisis

PDNA Actors Who conducts a PDNA: Key actors National Government and its Institutions National Disaster Management Systems, the Line Ministries and the Local Governments PDNA Actors Civil society, Private Sector, Technical and Academic Institutions EU, WB, UNDG and other International Partners

PDNA Activation Coordination with Gov. and among partners In country communication between EU, WB, UN of a possible request for a PDNA, reported immediately to HQ. Official request from the Government and joint decision to activate a PDNA including the designation of the national lead ministry. Deployment of a Planning Mission and formulation of the TORs for the PDNA. Definition of the support that Government and partners will provide to the process.

Tools and mechanisms for the PDNA Agreed methodology for the assessment: PDNA Vol. A 18 Sector-specific guidelines: PDNA Vol. B A Disaster Recovery Framework: DRF Training package Roster of experts

PDNA Coordination Structure High Level Management (Team Provides Strategic Guidance) PDNA Coordination Team Sector Teams

Typical Sectors and Subsectors PRODUCTIVE SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE Agriculture Commerce Industry Tourism Housing Education Health Culture CROSS-CUTTING Water & Sanitation Community infrastructure Energy Transport Telecommunications GENDER GOVERNANCE ENVIRONMENT DISASTER RISK REDUCTION EMPLOYMENT AND LIVELIHOODS Note: The diagram above illustrates the typical sectors that are assessed in the PDNA, this can vary from country to country.

The Role of the EU, Sectors UNDG and WB Multi sectorial experts deployment for coordination and sector assessment Technical support to implement post-disaster recovery Tripartite Partners Funding PDNAs and reconstruction and recovery activities Training and Capacity Building

PDNA implementation process Establish the PDNA assessment team Conduct training/orientation on PDNA Data collection and validation, draft sectorial reports Consolidation and analysis of Sector effects, impact and needs Formulating the Recovery Strategy Resource mobilization and implementation mechanism

Key What Considerations is a PDNA? Types of disasters impact sectors differently eg. earthquakes impact the housing (social) and roads (infrastructure) the most; floods and cyclones tend to impact agriculture (productive), livelihoods and environment (cross-cutting) more The country context is critical in calculating recovery needs eg. in Bhutan and Nepal earthquakes, restoration of cultural heritage is important for physical as well as psycho-social needs To analyse pre-and-post-disaster effects, baseline data must be available and collected beforehand, usually by the Government In addition to desk review, the assessment must include field visits to validate data and ensure the human dimension The PDNA highlights underlying risks and vulnerabilities that pose a threat to future disasters, therefore, recovery needs include components of disaster risk reduction or build back better Disaggregated data from enough disasters show that women are disproportionately affected by disasters, gender has emerged as an important cross cutting issue to address in recovery

Strategic results of cooperation Strategic results of cooperation PDNAs led to national assessment instruments adapted and developed in: Indonesia, Laos, Philippines, Nepal, Kyrgyzstan, Central America, Caribbean, Jamaica Used for small and large disasters to form recovery and reconstruction plans: Fiji, Samoa, Caribbean islands Institutionalized process by law: Indonesia, Nepal Recovery and Reconstruction done with a focus on reducing risks, building back better : Indonesia Led to complete review of strategy and investment in Disaster Risk Reduction: Indonesia, Bangladesh, Nigeria Post-disaster recovery led to conflict reduction: Indonesia (Aceh) Concept of recovery moving from focus on physical reconstruction to focus on recovery from impacts on human development, welfare, livelihoods and capacities: Fiji, Samoa, Malawi Capacity building on conducting the PDNA: Trainings for representatives from ASEAN member states (July 2015) and SAARC disaster management authorities (September 2015) held

ASEAN Disaster Recovery Reference Guide What is a PDNA? ASEAN-UN Strategic Plan of Action on Disaster Management: MOU signed on 27 November 2007 Joint Declaration on ASEAN-UN Collaboration on Disaster Management to support the implementation of the AADMER Work Plan, 2010-15 UNDP leading Recovery component: ASEAN Disaster Recovery Reference Guide, first draft by end 2015 The pre-disaster recovery arrangements and post-disaster recovery plans include the conduct of PDNAs and building capacities in the region to undertake PDNAs

Looking Ahead What is a PDNA? Finalization of ASEAN Disaster Recovery Reference Guide and roll-out of PDNA trainings at the country level Hands on training for SAARC country representatives on conducting PDNA and RARR Creation of roster of sector experts in the Asia- Pacific region Greater use of innovative tools such as space technology, crowdsourcing applications and others developed by ESCAP into the PDNA methodology