Presentation of the VitiMeteo forecasting system

Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil Staatliches Weinbauinstitut Freiburg GEOsens Softwareentwicklung IOBC Meeting 2013 IOBC-WPRS Meeting of the Working Group on "Integrated Protection and Production in Viticulture" October 13-17, 2013, Ascona, Switzerland Presentation of the VitiMeteo forecasting system G. Bleyer 1, H.-H. Kassemeyer 1, M. Breuer 1, R. Krause 2 B. Augenstein 2 O. Viret 3, P.-H. Dubuis 3, A.-L. Fabre 3, B. Bloesch 3, W. Siegfried 4, Andreas Naef 4 1 State Institute of Viticulture and Enology, D-79100 Freiburg (Germany) 2 company GEOsens, D - 79285 Ebringen (Germany) 3 Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil, 260 Nyon (Switzerland) 4 Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil, 8820 Wädenswil (Switzerland)

Overview Introduction VitiMeteo - Current state VitiMeteo - Outlook

What is VitiMeteo? Cooperation project since 2002 Platform for forecasting models and weather data for viticulture Changins Freiburg Wädenswil Supported by Georg Hill; Oppenheim

Objectives VitiMeteo modern and flexible tools Tools for research Further development of models Use in practical plant protection Advisory service Winegrowers Others

Overview Introduction VitiMeteo - Current state VitiMeteo - outlook

Forecasting system VitiMeteo 2013 Data sources Database Expert software Models Presentation Internet

Forecasting system VitiMeteo 2013 VM = VitiMeteo Data sources Database Expert software Models Presentation Internet Weather stations Lufft Campbell Adcon Hoffmann Models VM Plasmopara VM Growth VM Oidiag VM Insects Browser VM Downy mildew VM Powdery mildew VM Grape Berry Moth VM Hyalesthes VM Bois noir Weather forecast MOS Meteoblue AGROMETEO 4 VM BlackRot new! VM Datagraph VM Black Rot new! VM Weather data VM Edit VM Meteograms VM Transfer VM Widget new! Replikat Agrometeo Station overview new!

VM Plasmopara Type of model: Numeric simulation of biological processes Literature, basis of the model Müller, K. und Sleumer, H. 1934: Biologische Untersuchungen über die Rebenperonospora in den südwestdeutschen Weinbaubezirken. Z. Pfl. Krankh. Pfl.schutz 57, 635-683 Blaeser, M., 1978: Untersuchungen zur Epidemiologie des Falschen Mehltaus an Weinreben, Plasmopara viticola (BERK et CURT ex DE BARY) BERL. et DE TONI. Diss. Univ. Bonn Hill G.K., 1989: Effect of temperature on sporulation efficiency of oilspots caused by Plasmopara viticola, Berk. & Curt. ex de Bary, Berl. & de Toni in vineyards, Wein-Wissenschaft, (44) 86-90 Schultz, H.R.,1992: An empirical model for the simulation of leaf appearance and leaf development of primary shoots of several grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) canopysystems. Scienta Hortic.; 52: 179-200 Bleyer G. und Huber B., 1996: Bekämpfung der Peronosopora nach dem Freiburger Prognosemodell, Deutsches Weinbau-Jahrbuch (47) 101-112 Kast W. K., 1999: Stark-Urnau, Survival of sporangia from *Plasmopara viticola*, the downy mildew of grapevine, Vitis, 38 (4) 185-186 Hill, G. K., 1997: Peronospora: Dem Rätsel der Primärinfektion auf der Spur, Deutsches Weinbau- Jahrbuch (48), 123-131 Gessler C., Rumbou A., Jermini M. and Gobbin D., 2002: Oosporic infections versus asexualreproduction in Plasmopara viticola epidemics: practical consequences Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Powdery and Downy Mildew in Grapevine, Napa, California, 16 Loskill B.J., Hoppmann, D, Berkelmann-Löhnertz B., 2002: Epidemiological studies on soilborneinfections of downy mildew. Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Powdery and Downy Mildew in Grapevine, Napa, California, 9 Viret O. and Bloesch B., 2002: Observation on germination of oospores and primary infection of Plasmopara viticola (Berk & Curt.) Berl. & De Toni under field conditions in Switzerland. Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Powdery and Downy Mildew in Grapevine, Napa, California, 10 Huber, B. et al. 2002: Studies on the effective period of protective fungicides against downy mildew (P. viticola); Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Powdery and Downy Mildew in Grapevine, Napa, California, 29-30 Schultz, H.R., 2003: Wachstumsmodell der Rebe: Jetzt wächst die Rebe am Bildschirm. Das Deutsche Weinmagazin 10, 28-31 Bleyer G., Huber B., Steinmetz V. and Kassemeyer H.-H., 2003: Growth-models, a tool to define spray intervals against downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola); IOBC/wprs Bulletin Vol. 26 (8), 7-12

Lifecycle Plasmopara viticola OOSPORE GERMINATION SPRING DISPERSION (splashing) PRIMARY INFECTION 22.5mm OOSPORE 15mm SPORANGIUM ZOOSPORES SECONDARY INFECTION OOSPORE MATURATION ZOOSPORES INCUBATION Oil spots OOSPORES 7mm SPORANGIA SPORULATION SUMMER OOSPORE ANTHERIDIUM AUTUMN + OOGONIUM SEXUAL STAGE Oliver Viret, Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil

Lifecycle Plasmopara viticola - VitiMeteo - Plasmopara OOSPORE GERMINATION Algor. 1: RH >80% or wet leaves, temp.>8 C during 8h Algor. 2: 5 mm rain within 48h 22.5mm OOSPORE 15mm SPORANGIUM SPRING DISPERSION PRIMARY INFECTION (splashing) max rain 8-10 intensity mm in >3mm/h, 24h temp.>8temp. C (during >10 C 6 h after oospore germination) ZOOSPORES PRIMARY INFECTION deg.-hours >50 C during leaf wetness OOSPORE MATURATION STemp. > 8 C >160 C (Gehmann, 1987) OOSPORES 7mm ZOOSPORES SPORANGIA SURVIVAL f (saturation deficit) temp., RH SECONDARY INFECTION SECONDARY 3-29 C, leaves INFECTIONS wet, deg.-hours >50 C (Bläser, Weltzien, 1979 Oil spots INCUBATION f (temperature) (Müller, Sleumer, 1934) OOSPORE SPORANGIA ANTHERIDIUM SPORANGIA DENSITY f (temperature) (Hill, 1989) SPORULATION 4h dark wet leaves temp. > 11 C RH >92% (Bläser, Weltzien, 1979) SUMMER AUTUMN + OOGONIUM SEXUAL STAGE Oliver Viret, Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil

Integration of biological developement VitiMeteo-Plasmopara Algorithms contain all steps of the development of Plasmopara viticola PRIMARY INFECTIONS 1 OOSPORES MATURATION manual or automatic 2 PRIMARY INFECTION a. Oospores germination b. Dispersal ( contamination) c. Infection INFECTIONS SECONDARY SECONDAIRES INFECTIONS 7 INFECTION temp. temp. 3-293-29 C, feuilles C, leaf wet mouillées, S degré h x temp. - heure >50 3 INCUBATION courbe Incubation d incubation curve (Müller) 6 SURVIE SPORANGIA SPORANGES SURVIVAL mortalité f (temp. en and fonction RH) de la température et HR 4 SPORULATION temp. temp. >12 >12 C, obscurité, C, dark Leaf feuilles wet or >92% mouillées RH, 4h ou 92% HR, 4h 5 5 DENSITE SPORANGIA SPORANGES DENSITY selon after Hill (1989)

Validation of primary infections with "VM Plasmopara" Plasmopara viticola: Primary infections and first oilspots Changins 2003-2011 Lit. : Pierre-Henri Dubuis, Olivier Viret, Bernard Bloesch, Anne-Lise Fabre, Andreas Naef, Gottfried Bleyer,Hans-Heinz Kassemeyer; Ronald Krause. Lutte contre le mildiou de la vigne avec le modèle VitiMeteo Plasmopara.Revue suisse Viticulture, Arboriculture, Horticulture Vol. 44 (3): 192 198, 2012

leaves % Validation of incubation period with "VM Plasmopara" Plasmopara viticola: incubation period and symptoms (oilspots), n = 100; Freiburg, Schlierberg, Pinot Noir cv., artificial infection on 9th May 2005 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 oilspots visible oilspots not visible 75% / 9 d 80% /10 d 90% /11 d 100% /12 d 100% /13 d 100% /14 d 18th may 19th may 20th may 21th may 22th may 23th mnay Oilspots clearly visible from 21.05. incubation / days Lit.: Bleyer, G.; Kassemeyer, H. H.; Krause, R.; Viret, O.; Siegfried, W. :"VitiMeteo Plasmopara"-Prognosemodell zur Bekämpfung von Plasmopara viticola (Rebenpernospora) im Weinbau. Gesunde Pflanzen, Germany. 60 (3) 91-100 Jahr: 2008

Validation of the growth model, simulation results, Freiburg, Müller-Thurgau cv. 2005 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 model: number of leaves, main shoots real, number of leaves, main shoots 24.07.2005 17.07.2005 10.07.2005 03.07.2005 26.06.2005 19.06.2005 12.06.2005 05.06.2005 29.05.2005 22.05.2005 15.05.2005 08.05.2005 01.05.2005 Lit.: Bleyer, G.; Kassemeyer, H. H.; Krause, R.; Viret, O.; Siegfried, W. :"VitiMeteo Plasmopara"-Prognosemodell zur Bekämpfung von Plasmopara viticola (Rebenpernospora) im Weinbau. Gesunde Pflanzen, Germany. 60 (3) 91-100 Jahr: 2008

VM Powdery mildew Type of model: Risk model, mixture of biological and statistical correlations Literature, basis of the model Stark-Urnau, M.; Kast, W. K.: Development of ontogenic resistance of powdery mildew in fruit of differently susceptible grapevines (cvs Trollinger and Lemberger), Mitteilungen Klosterneuburg, Rebe und Wein, Obstbau und Früchteverwertung. 49 (5) 186-189, 1999 Kast, W. K.; Bleyer, K.: The expert system OiDiag-2.2. - a useful tool for the precise scheduling of sprays against powdery mildew of vine (Erysiphe necator Schwein.), IOBC/WPRD IOBC/WPRS Working group Integrated Protection and Production in Viticulture, Staufen, 2009 Kast, W. K.; Bleyer, K.: The expert system OiDiag-2.2.-a useful tool for the precise scheduling of sprays against powdery mildew of vine (*Erysiphe necator*) Schwein. Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Grapevine Downy and Powdery Mildew. 151-154, 2010 Kast, W. K.; Bleyer, K.: EFFICACY OF SPRAYS DURING THE OPEN WINDOW PERIOD AGAINST POWDERY MILDEW (ERYSIPHE NECATOR) INFECTIONS OF CLUSTERS OF GRAPEVINES (VITIS VINIFERA). Journal of Plant Pathology. 93, S1.29-S1.32, 2011

VM Blackrot picture, Daniel Molitor Type of model: Numeric simulation of biological processes Literature, basis of the model Molitor D. (2009): Untersuchungen zur Biologie und Bekämpfung der Schwarzfäule (Guignardia bidwellii) an Weinreben. Dissertation, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Etc.

Grafik: http://openstreetmap.de/karte.html VitiMeteo Blackrot Validation since 2012 coordination by Daniel Molitor, Centre de Recherche Public, Luxemburg Monitoring 2012 red and blue dots

VM Insects Type of model: Statistical correlations of weather data and abundance of pests Literature Vogt, E., Schruft G. 2000: Weinbau - Eugen Ulmer, p. 322-328. Etc. Validation since 2007, Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Good correlation between observed and predicated flight Lit. : Bleyer, G.; Breuer, M.; Kassemeyer, H. H.; Viret, O.; Dubuis, P. H.; Naef, A.; Hubert, M.; Krause, R.; Mattedi, L.; Varner, M.: Das Prognosesystem "VitiMeteo", Deutsches Weinbau-Jahrbuch, 63 146-158, 2012

VM Hyalesthes picture: M. Breuer Type of model : Statistical correlations of weather data and abundance of pests Literature M. Maixner and M. Langer: Prediction of the flight of Hyalesthes obsoletus, vector of stolbur phytoplasma, using temperature sums, Integrated Protection in Viticulture, IOBC/wprs Bulletin Vol. 29(11), 2006 pp 191-16 Validation since 2008, Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Good correlation between observed and predicated flight Lit. : Bleyer, G.; Breuer, M.; Kassemeyer, H. H.; Viret, O.; Dubuis, P. H.; Naef, A.; Hubert, M.; Krause, R.; Mattedi, L.; Varner, M.: Das Prognosesystem "VitiMeteo", Deutsches Weinbau-Jahrbuch, 63 146-158, 2012 Etc.

VitiMeteo Data Graph Extensive software for Presenting Administrating Controlling Weather data

Overview Introduction VitiMeteo - current state VitiMeteo - outlook

Oultlook - Forecasting system VitiMeteo 2014. Data sources Database Expert software Models Presentation Internet Weather stations Lufft Campbell Adcon Hoffmann Models VM Plasmopara VM Growth VM Oidiag VM Insects Browser VM Downy mildew VM Powdery mildew VM Grape Berry Moth VM Grape rust mite New! Weather forecast MOS Meteoblue AGROMETEO 4 VM Hyalesthes VM Black Rot VM New new! VM Bois noir VM Black Rot VM New new! VM Datagraph VM Weather data VM Meteograms VM Edit VM Widget VM Transfer Station overview VM = VitiMeteo Replikat Agrometeo VM Mobile new!

Conclusions - VitiMeteo, 2002 2013 Growing platform for forecasting models and weather data for viticulture Timely implementation of current research into practical use Variable, interactive system for scientists, advisors and winegrowers Fruitful and effective participation of many research institutions and partners at home and abroad picture: E. Kührer

Thank you for the very good cooperation Bernkastel-Kues/Mosel Staatliche Lehr- und Versuchsanstalt für Wein- und Obstbau Weinsberg DLR Rheinhessen-Nahe-Hunsrück

Thank you for your attention www.vitimeteo.info