Hungarian fingerprints on the last centuries

Hungarian fingerprints on the last centuries I. Manno February 4, 2012 At the beginning of the XXth century Hungarians have contributed a lot to the history in the West. They have participated in the construction of the atom bomb, the computer, partly they have founded Hollywood e.t.c. At Los Alamos a legend has born about the Hungarian scientists that they are extra-terrestrial beings because they were very clever, they spoke a language which does not resemble any world language and they spoke other languages with characteristic accent. 1

Hungarians A Hungarian is who enters the revolving door last and exits it first (Szilárd Leó). Hollywood has got a lot from Hugarian artists because they are dreaming awake (Postif - French film magazine) The word movie probably comes from the Hungarian word mozi (Norman Macrea chief editor of Economist). In America Hungarians first have founded Hollywood and later the less dangerous atom bomb (Norman Macrea) If you have an Hungarian friend, you do not need to have an enemy any more (Norman Macrea). 2

Why Hungarians were belived to be extraterrestrial beings? Hungarians were created by God to sit on horseback. They have no relatives in Europe. Hungarians arrived in the Carpathian Basin from somewhere from Asia (from the neighbourhood of Ural) in 896. They speak a language which does not resemble any world language and they speak other word languages with characteristic accent. Beautiful folk-songs and folk-music Bartók s music was considered extraterrestrial in his own time. Kodály s method to teach music. Beautiful literature. Excellent scientists. 3

Hungarian History Name Birthday Age (years) IMF 1979 33 EU 1957 55 USA 1787 225 Hungary 896 1116 Hungarians arrived from the neighbourhood of Ural into the Carpathian Basin in 896. Pace dictate (Trianon, July 4, 1920.) In nature, if a group of sparrows are eating corns and a parrot joins them to eat, then the sparrows will kill the parrot simply because it is different from them. Revolution against the Soviet Union (October 23, 1956) 4

Magyarok példamutatása a Világnak > 400 000-res demonstráció Orbán Viktor miniszterelnök úr és kormánya mellett, January 21, 2012 Fülkeforradalom (>2/3 FIDESZ-KDNP), April 11 and 25, 2010 Disintegration of Warsaw Pact, Budapest, February 25, 1991 A vasfüggöny lebontása, May 2, 1989 1956-os forradalom, October 23, 1956 Nándorfehérvári diadal, July 21-22, 1456 5

Hugarian Language and Literature George Barnard Shaw Miután alaposan tanulmányozta a magyar nyelvet, azt mondta, hogy az egész munkásága sokkal értékesebb lenne, ha magyar lett volna az anyanyelve. Antonio Banderas Antonio Banderas részt vett Budapesten egy talk showban. A műsorvezető egy papírlapot adott a kezébe, amelyen József Attila Mama című verse volt magyarul és megkérte, hogy olvassa fel. A művész flegmán el kezdte felolvasni a verset. Ekkor a műsorvezető kicserélte a papílapot egy másikra, amelyen a vers spanyol fordítása volt. A művész nem tudta elplezni, hogy mekkora hatással volt rá a vers. Szerkezet Állítólag a magyarnyelv szerkezete nagyon alkalmas a természettudományos dondolkozáshoz. 6

Some Hungarian Inventions Kocsi coach, carriage, fiacre (1400 village Kocs) Bolyai Lobacsevszkij geometry, 1832 Match Irinyi János, 1836 Ball-pen, biro Biró János, 1938 Dynamo, AC Jedlik Ányos, 1857 Soda water, water with CO 2 Jedlik Ányos Transformer, AC Déri, Bláthy, Zipernowsky, 1885 Telephon exchange Puskás Tivadar, 1893 hallod hallom (hallo) AC Locomotive Kálmán Kandó, 1902 Ford T-model Galamb József, 1907 VW Beetle design Béla Berényi, 1925 Kodály methode Zoltán Kodály, 1929 Record player, Color TV Peter K. Goldmark, 1940 Grafon record, Károly Goldmark, 1948 Automatic gearbox László Biró, 1932 Light-bulb (Wolfram 1903, Kripton Bródy Imre, 1934 Fighter, Aerodynamic plane, jet Kármán Tódor, 1928 Helicopter Asbóth Oszkár, 1928 7

Some Hungarian Inventions (Cont d) Refrigiator Leó Szilárd Autoexposure still camera József Mihályi, 1938 Neutronic reactor Enrico Fermi, Szilárd Leó, 1942 Computer John von Neumann, 1946 Colotelevision Károly Péter Goldmark, 1948 Soft contact lenses István Győrffy, 1959 Real time system, email, 1960, BASIC, 1964 Kemény János Articulated Bus László Rózsa, 1960 EXCEL Károly Simonyi, 1974 Rubik s cube Rubik Ernő, 1978 Windows Word, 1990; EXCEL, 1992 Simonyi Károly PENTIUM Gróf András, 1995 Light Transmitting Concrete, ÁronLosonczi, 2001 Gömböc Gábor Domonkos, Sándor Várkonyi, 2006 Leonar3do, virtual reality kit Dániel Rátai, 2010 8

Hungarian Nobel Prize Laureates Lénárd Fülöp, 1905 physics, cathode rays Bárány Róbert, 1914 medicine Zsigmondy Richárd, 1925 chemistry Szent-Györgyi Albert, 1937 medicine, vitamin C Hevesy György, 1943 chemistry Radioaktive tracing Békésy György, 1961 medicine Wigner Jenő, 1963 physics Gábor Dénes, 1971 physics, Holography Milton Friedman, 1976 economics Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, 1976 medicine John C. Polányi, 1986 chemistry Elie Wiesel, 1986 Peace Oláh György, 1994 chemistry Harsányi János, 1994 economics Kertész Imre, 2002 literature, Sorstalanság Herskó Ferenc (Avram Hershko) 2004, chemistry 10 million inhabitants. 9

Some Other Prestigious Prizes The Presidential Medal of Freedom Kármán Tódor (Dwight Eisenhower, 1956) Szilárd Leó (John F. Kennedy) Neumann János (Dwight Eisenhower, 1956) Teller Ede (George W. Bush, 2003) Atoms for Pace Award (U.N.) Hevesy György, 1959 Szilárd Leó, 1960 Wigner Jenő, 1960 Wolf Prize Polányi János, 1982 Erdős Pál, 1984 Lax Péter, 1987 Somorjai Gábor, 1990 Telegdi Bálint, 1991 Solti György Sir George Solti, 1996 Lovász László, 1999 National Medal of Science Kármán Tódor (John F. Kennedy) 10

Mozi movie Hollywood Paramount Pictures (Zukor Adolf) 20th Century Fox (Friedman Vilmos) Dream Works (Steven Spilberg) Korda Sándor Sir Alexander Korda Thief of Bagdad, Book of Jungle Kertész Mihály Michael Curtiz (director) Casablanca, Robin Hood Cukor György (director): My Fair Lady Eszterházy József Joe Esterhas Flashdance, Basic Instict Vajna Endre (director): Rambo, Evita Lugosi Béla (actor): Frankenstein, Drakula Kertész Antal Tony Curtis The Lobster Man from Mars, The Boston Strangler, Some like it Hot Paul Newman (actor) Willy Zsigmond (cameraman) Steiner László Leslei Howard: Gone with the wind 11

Szilárd Leó Leo Szilárd (1898 Budapest 1964 California) E. P. Wigner: I have met a lot of good scientists in my life, I have not known a scientist who has had more and more excellent ideas then Leo Szilárd. (He added, in a low voice, I had known, very well, Albert Einstein, too.) Berlin (Albert Einstein, Max von Laue) Neutron chain reaction The idea of A-bomb Einstein s famous letter to Franklin Delano Roosevelt, written by Leo Szilárd, 1942 He convinced U.S.A. of the need of the atom bomb. Neutronic reactor, Enrico Fermi and Leo Szilárd Hot line between the White House and the Kreml Patents Neutron chain reaction Neutronic reactor (E. Fermi, L. Szilárd) Ciklotron Refrigeator (A. Einstein, L. Szilárd) 12

Atom bomb (Los Alamos) The famous letter of Albert Einstein to the president Franklin Delano Roosevelt written by Leo Szilárd. Edward Teller was the driver of Leo Szilárd to Albert Einstein on Long Island in Peconic village (Moore weekend cottage). Alexander Sach: New Deal. Hungarians at Los Alamos Wigner Jenő Pál Eugene Paul Wigner (Jenő) Szilárd Leó Leo Szilárd (Leó) Teller Ede Edward Teller E.T. (Ede) Margittai Neumann János John von Neumann (Jancsi) Kemény János György - John G. Kemény Lax Péter Peter Lax 13

Teller Ede Edward Teller E.T. (1908 Budapest 2003 Livermore CA) Mintagimnázium (friends: Wigner) Tungsram (Selényi Pál) Karlruhe (chemistry) Neumann, Szilárd, München (1928, Arnold Sommerfeld, quantum mechanics, accident) Leipzig (Heisenberg, boys physics) Göttingen (James Frank) Roma (Enrico Fermi) Koppenhagen (Niels Bohr, George Gamow) Washington (George Gamow) Professor at age of 27 years. Termonuclear Fusion (Los Alamos) Fermi Prize (J. F. Kennedy, 1962) Director of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (1958 1960) Star War (1983) The Presidental Medal of Freedom (George W. Bush, 2003) 14

Wiegner Jenő Pál Eugene Paul Wiegner (1902 Budapest 1995 Princeton) Fasori Evangélikus Gimnázium Chemical ingeneere (Budapest and Berlin) Ph.D. in Berlin under the leadership of prof. Polányi Mihály (Michael Polányi) Professor at Princeton (1937) USA citizen (1937) Los Alamos Director of Oak Ridge National Lab. 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics: for his contribution to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles 15

Pinceton Wigner Jenő Pál Eugen Paul Wigner Szilárd Leó Leo Szilárd Margittai Neumann János John von Neumann (Jancsi) Kemény János György John G. Kemény (assistant of Einstein) Edős Pál Paul Erdős Lax Péter Peter Lax Láncos Kornél Cornelius Láncos Simonyi Károly Charles Simonyi 16

The Legend of Martians A legend has born about the Hungarian scientists that they are extra-terrestrial beings because they were very clever, they spoke a language which does not resemble any word language and they spoke other languages with characteristic accent. Enrico Fermi Szilárd Leó E. Fermi: Where are the extra terrestrial beings? L. Szilárd: They are already here among us, but they are called Hungarians. Leon Lederman: The God Particle (Detective story) Eugene Paul Wigner (Jenő) Edward Teller (Ede) E.T. Leo Szilárd (Leó) John von Neumann (Jancsi) The greatest Jancsi of Hungary (Fehér Lipót) Eötvös Lóránd báró barone Lóránd Eötvös Hungarian Fingerprints All Over the 20th Century (The New York Times March 20, 1998) 17

Hungarian High Schools Fasori Evangélikus Gimnázium Wigner Jenő (Nobel Prize) Neumann János John von Neumann Harsány János (Nobel Prize) Hoff Miklós Nicholas Hoff Mintagimnázium (Kármán Mór, 1869) The name means: an example gymnasium for gymnasia Kármán Tódor Theodore von Kármán Káldor Miklós Lord Nicholas Káldor Balogh Tamás Lord Thomas Balogh Teller Ede Edward Teller E.T. Lax Péter Peter Lax Kürti Miklós Nicholas Kürti Kemény János John Kemény Polányi Mihály Michael Polányi Piarista Gimnázium Eötvös Lóránd President of Hungarian Academy of Science, Minister of Religion and Education Hevesi György Nobel-prize Oláh György Nobel-prize 18

Mathematics and Physics Competitions Kármán Tódor (1897) Szilárd Leó (1916) Erdős Pál (1926) Teller Ede (1928) Harsány János (1937) Mezei Ferenc Lovász László (1963) 19

A problem The distance between A and B is 40 km. At the same time a bicyclist starts from A in direction of B with speed 20 km/h and a bicyclist starts from B in direction of A with speed 20 km/h. A fly starts from the nose of the 1st bicyclist at the same time with speed 35 km/h in the direction of the 2nd bicyclist. When it reaches the nose of the 2nd bicyclist then it turns back in the direction of the 1st bicyclists and so on. It flys all the time without acceleration and deceleration with speed 35 km/h. What is the total pathlength made by the fly when the two bicyclist reach each other? Solution The two bicyclists reach each other in one hour. The pathlength made by the fly during an hour is 35 km. 20

Eötvös Lóránd báró barone Lóránd Eötvös 1848 1919 High school: Budapest, Piarista gimnázium University: Budapest, Königsberg, Heilderberg (Kirchhof, Bunsen and Helmholz) Ph.D. Heilderberg, 1871 Professor at the University of Budapest Member of Hugarian Academy of Science, 1873 Head of Institute of Experimental Physics, 1878 Rector of University of Budapest, 1889 1905 President of Hungarian Academy of Science, 1889 1905 Minister of Religion and Education, 1894 1895 He established the identity of gravitational and inert masses. m inertial Eötvös pendulum (1988): = 1±K. m gravatational Name Year K Galilei 1600 0.1 Newton 1686 0.001 Eötvös 1890 0.000000005 21

Szőllőskislaki Kármán Tódor Theodore von Kármán (1881 Budapest 1963 Aachen) High school: Mintagimnázium, Budapest Winner of the Eötvös Competition in Matematics, 1897 University: Budapest, Technological University (BME) Ganz Művek, BME Göttingen (Ludwig Pradtl), hydrodinamics, 1906 Kármán Tódor Max Born, 1912 Termodinamics of crystals Selmecbánya, 1912 Aachen, 1913, professor at 31 years Institute of Aerodinamics Wind channel Army of Austro Hungarian Monarchy, 1914 Ballistics Fighter Aachen, 1919 Caltech, 1927 Guggenheim Laboratory of Aviation Pasadena, 1929 Aberdeen, 1937, supersonic wind channel Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 1944 Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1956 22

Margittai Neumann János John von Neumann (1903 Budapest 1957) Father: banker Higy school: Fasori Evangálikus Gimnázium Friends: Wigner, Szilard, Teller Professor: Rátz László University: Technical University (Budapest) matematics, Technical University (Zürich) chemistry Göttingen, 1926, Assistant of David Hilbert Göttingen (1920s years) Born, Bohr, Fermi, Heisenberg, Oppenheimer, Pauli, Schrödinger, Teller, Wigner,... 1930 Princeton 1932 Mathematical fundation of quantum mechanics 1937 U.S. citizen 1937 Aberdeen: Adviser of Kármán Tódor 23