Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.1/37

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1 Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method István MANNO KFKI, Research Institute for Particle & Nuclear Physics February 27, 2007 Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.1/37

2 Outline of the presentation Introduction Hungarians Why Hungarians were belived to be exraterrestrial beings? Hungarion history Some Hungarian inventions Hungarian Nober Prize Laureates Some Other Prestigious Prizes Hollywood Szilárd Leó Atom bomb (Los Alamos) Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.2/37

3 Outline of the presentation (continued) Hungarians at Los Alamos Teller Ede Edward Teller ET Wigner Jenő Pál Eugene Paul Wigner Princeton The Legend of Martians I. The Legend of Martians II. Hungarian High Schools Mathematics and Physics Competitions A problem Solution Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.3/37

4 Introduction At the beginning of the XXth century Hungarians have contributed a lot to the history in the West. They have participated in the construction of the atom bomb, the computer, partly they have founded Hollywood e.t.c. At Los Alamos a legend has born about the Hungarian scientists that they are extra-terrestrial beings because they were very clever, they spoke a language which does not resemble any world language and they spoke other languages with characteristic accent. Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.4/37

5 Hungarians A Hungarian is who enters the revolving door last and exits it first (Szilárd Leó). Hollywood has got a lot from Hugarian artists because they are dreaming awake (Postif - French film magazine) The word movie probably comes from the Hungarian word mozi (Norman Macrea chief editor of Economist). In America Hungarians first have founded Hollywood and later the less dangerous atom bomb (Norman Macrea) If you have an Hungarian friend, you do not need to have an enemy any more (Norman Macrea). Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.5/37

6 hy Hungarians were belived to be ETs? Hungarians were created by God to sit on horseback. They have no relatives in Europe. Hungarians arrived in the Carpathian Basin from somewhere from Asia (from the neighbourhood of Ural) in 896. They speak a language which does not resemble any world language and they speak other word languages with characteristic accent. Bartók s music was considered extraterrestrial in his own time. Kodály s method to teach music. Beautiful literature. Excellent scientists. Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.6/37

7 Hungarian history Hungarians arrived from the neighbourhood of Ural into the Carpathian Basin in 896. Pace dictate (Trianon, July 4, 1920.) In nature, if a group of sparrows are eating corns and a parrot joins them to eat, then the sparrows will kill the parrot simply because it is different from them. Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.7/37

8 Same Hungarian inventions kocsi coach Bolyai geometry gyufa match ball-pen, biro dynamo, AC, CO 2 water transformer telephon exchange Ford T-model record player, color TV light-bulb jet, fighter helicopter chain reaction computer real time system, BASIC Rubik s cube Windows Word, EXCEL PENTIUM processor Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.8/37

9 Hungarian Nobel Prize Laureates Lénard Fülöp (1905), Bárány Róbert (1914), Zsigmondy Richárd (1925), Szent-Görgyi Albert (1937), Hevesy György (1943), Békési György (1961), Wigner Jenő (1963), Gábor Dénes (1971), Milton Friedman (1976), Daniel C. Gajdusek (1976), John C. Polányi (1986), Elie Wiesel (1986), Oláh György (1994), Harsányi János (1994), Kertész Imre (2002), Herskó Ferenc (2004). Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.9/37

10 Some Other Prestigious Prizes The Presidential Medal of Freedom Kármán Tódor (Dwight Eisenhower, 1956) Szilárd Leó (John F. Kennedy) Neumann János (Dwight Eisenhower, 1956) Teller Ede (George W. Bush, 2003) Atoms for Pace Award (U.N.) Hevesy György, 1959 Szilárd Leó, 1960 Wigner Jenő, 1960 Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.10/37

11 ome Other Prestigious Prizes (continued) Wolf Prize Polányi János, 1982 Erdős Pál, 1984 Lax Péter, 1987 Somorjai Gábor, 1990 Telegdi Bálint, 1991 Solti György Sir George Solti, 1996 Lovász László, 1999 National Medal of Science Kármán Tódor (John F. Kennedy) Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.11/37

12 Hollywood Mozi movie Paramount Pictures (Zukor Adolf) 20th Century Fox (Friedman Vilmos) Dream Works (Steven Spilberg) Korda Sándor Sir Alexander Korda: Thief of Bagdad, Book of Jungle Kertész Mihály Michael Curtiz (director): Casablanca, Robin Hood Cukor György (director): My Fair Lady Eszterházy József Joe Esterhas Flashdance, Basic Instict Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.12/37

13 Hollywood (continued) Vajna Endre (director): Rambo, Evita Lugosi Béla (actor): Frankenstein, Drakula Kertész Antal Tony Curtis The Lobster Man from Mars, The Boston Strangler, Some like it Hot Paul Newman (actor) Willy Zsigmond (cameraman) Steiner László Leslei Howard: Gone with the wind Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.13/37

14 Szilárd Leó (1898 Budapest 1964 California) E. P. Wigner: I have met a lot of good scientists in my life, I have not known a scientist who has had more and more excellent ideas then Leo Szilárd. (He added, in a low voice, I had known, very well, Albert Einstein, too.) Berlin (Albert Einstein, Max von Laue) Neutron chain reaction The idea of A-bomb Einstein s famous letter to Franklin Delano Roosevelt, written by Leo Szilárd, 1942 He convinced U.S.A. of the need of the atom bomb. Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.14/37

15 Szilárd Leó (continued) Neutronic reactor, Enrico Fermi and Leo Szilárd Hot line between the White House and the Kreml Patents Neutron chain reaction Neutronic reactor (E. Fermi, L. Szilárd) Ciklotron Refrigeator (A. Einstein, L. Szilárd) Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.15/37

16 Atom bomb (Los Alamos) The famous letter of Albert Einstein to the president Franklin Delano Roosevelt written by Leo Szilárd. Edward Teller was the driver of Leo Szilárd to Albert Einstein on Long Island in Peconic village (Moore weekend cottage). Alexander Sach: New Deal. Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.16/37

17 Hungarians at Los Alamos Wigner Jenő Pál Eugene Paul Wigner (Jenő) Szilárd Leó Leo Szilárd (Leó) Teller Ede Edward Teller E.T. (Ede) Margittai Neumann János John von Neumann (Jancsi) Kemény János György - John G. Kemény Lax Péter Peter Lax Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.17/37

18 Teller Ede Edward Teller ET (1908 Budapest 2003 Livermore CA) Mintagimnázium (friends: Neumann, Szilárd, Wigner) Tungsram (Selényi Pál) Karlruhe (chemistry) München (1928, Arnold Sommerfeld, quantum mechanics, accid Leipzig (Heisenberg, boys physics) Göttingen (James Frank) Roma (Enrico Fermi) Koppenhagen (Niels Bohr, George Gamow) Washington (George Gamow) Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.18/37

19 Teller Ede (continued) Professor at age of 27 years. Termonuclear Fusion (Los Alamos) Fermi Prize (J. F. Kennedy, 1962) Director of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ( Star War (1983) The Presidental Medal of Freedom (George W. Bush, 2003) Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.19/37

20 Wigner Jenő Pál Eugene Paul Wigner (1902 Budapest 1995 Princeton) Fasori Evangélikus Gimnázium Chemical ingeneere (Budapest and Berlin) Ph.D. in Berlin under the leadership of prof. Polányi M Professor at Princeton (1937) USA citizen (1937) Los Alamos Director of Oak Ridge National Lab. Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.20/37

21 Wigner Jenő Pál (continued) 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics: for his contribution to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.21/37

22 Princeton Wigner Jenő Pál Eugen Paul Wigner Szilárd Leó Leo Szilárd Margittai Neumann János John von Neumann (Janc Kemény János György John G. Kemény (assistant o Edős Pál Paul Erdős Lax Péter Peter Lax Láncos Kornél Cornelius Láncos Simonyi Károly Charles Simonyi Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.22/37

23 The Legend of Martians I. A legend has born about the Hungarian scientists that they are extra-terrestrial beings because they were very clever, they spoke a language which does not resemble any word language and they spoke other languages with characteristic accent. E. Fermi: Where are the extra terrestrial beings? L. Szilárd: They are already here among us, but they are called Hungarians. Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.23/37

24 The Legend of Martians II. Leon Lederman: The God Particle (Detective story) Eugene Paul Wigner (Jenő) Edward Teller (Ede) E.T. Leo Szilárd (Leó) John von Neumann (Jancsi) The greatest Jancsi of Hungary (Fehér Lipót) Eötvös Lóránd báró barone Lóránd Eötvös Hungarian Fingerprints All Over the 20th Century (The New York Times March 20, 1998) Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.24/37

25 Hungarian High Schools I. Fasori Evangélikus Gimnázium Wigner Jenő (Nobel Prize) Neumann János John von Neumann Harsány János (Nobel Prize) Hoff Miklós Nicholas Hoff Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.25/37

26 Hugarian High Schools II. Piarista Gimnázium Eötvös Lóránd President of Hungarian Academy of Science, Minister of Religion and Education Hevesi György Nobel-prize Oláh György Nobel-prize Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.26/37

27 Hungarian High Schools III. Mintagimnázium (Kármán Mór, 1869) The name means: an example gymnasium for gymnasia Kármán Tódor Theodore von Kármán Káldor Miklós Lord Nicholas Káldor Balogh Tamás Lord Thomas Balogh Teller Ede Edward Teller E.T. Lax Péter Peter Lax Kürti Miklós Nicholas Kürti Kemény János John Kemény Polányi Mihály Michael Polányi Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.27/37

28 Mathematics and Physics Competitions Kármán Tódor (1897) Szilárd Leó (1916) Erdős Pál (1926) Teller Ede (1928) Harsány János (1937) Mezei Ferenc Lovász László (1963) Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.28/37

29 A problem The distance between towns A and B is 40 km. At the same time a bicyclist starts from A in direction of B with speed 20 km/h and a bicyclist starts from B in direction of A with speed 20 km/h. A fly starts from the nose of the 1st bicyclist at the same time with speed 35 km/h in the direction of the 2nd bicyclist. When it reaches the nose of the 2nd bicyclist then it turns back in the direction of the 1st bicyclists and so on. It flys all the time without acceleration and deceleration with speed 35 km/h. What is the total pathlength made by the fly when the two bicyclist reach each other? Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.29/37

30 Solution The two bicyclists reach each other in one hour. The pathlength made by the fly during an hour is 35 km. Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.30/37

31 Eötvös Lórád báro ( ) High school: Budapest, Piarista gimnázium University: Budapest, Königsberg, Heilderberg (Kirchhof, Bunsen and Helmholz) Ph.D. Heilderberg, 1871 Professor at the University of Budapest Member of Hugarian Academy of Science, 1873 Head of Institute of Experimental Physics, 1878 Rector of University of Budapest, President of Hungarian Academy of Science, Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.31/37

32 Eötvös-pendulum Eötvös pendulum (1988): m inertial m gravatational = 1 ± K. Name Year K Galilei Newton Eötvös Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.32/37

33 Theodore von Kármán Szölőskislaki Kármán Tódor (1881 Budapest 1963 Aachen) High school: Mintagimnázium, Budapest Winner of the Eötvös Competition in Matematics, 1897 University: Budapest, Technological University (BME) Ganz Művek, BME Göttingen (Ludwig Pradtl), hydrodinamics, 1906 Kármán Tódor Max Born, 1912 Termodinamics of crystals Selmecbánya, 1912 Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.33/37

34 Theodore von Kármán (continued) Aachen, 1913, professor at 31 years Institute of Aerodinamics Wind channel Army of Austro Hungarian Monarchy, 1914 Ballistics Fighter Aachen, 1919 Caltech, 1927 Guggenheim Laboratory of Aviation Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.34/37

35 Theodore von Kálmán (continued) Pasadena, 1929 Aberdeen, 1937, supersonic wind channel Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 1944 Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1956 Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.35/37

36 John von Neumann Margittai Neuman János (1903 Budapest 1957) Father: banker Higy school: Fasori Evangálikus Gimnázium Friends: Wigner, Szilard, Teller Professor: Rátz László University: Technical University (Budapest) matematics, Tech chemistry Göttingen, 1926, Assistant of David Hilbert Göttingen (1920s years) Born, Bohr, Fermi, Heisenberg, Opp Teller, Wigner,... Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.36/37

37 John von Neumann (continued) 1930 Princeton 1932 Mathematical fundation of quantum mechanics 1937 U.S. citizen 1937 Aberdeen: Adviser of Kármán Tódor Hungarian Fingerprints on Computing and the Monte-Carlo Method p.37/37