Edited by Li Liming MD, MPH Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Zhan Siyan MD, PhD Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University
PMPH Website: http://www.pmph.com Book Title: Epidemiological Research Cases in China 流 行 病 学 研 究 实 例 Copyright 2007 by People s Medical Publishing House. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a database or retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, photocopy, or other recording means, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Contact address: Bldg 3, 3 Qu, Fang Qun Yuan, Fang Zhuang, Beijing 100078, P. R. China, phone/fax: 86 10 6761 7306, E-mail: pmph@pmph.com Disclaimer This book is for educational and reference purposes only. In view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical science, neither the author, editor nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work guarantees that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete. The medicinal therapy and treatment techniques presented in this book are provided for the purpose of reference only. If readers wish to attempt any of the techniques or utilize any of the medicinal therapies contained in this book, the publisher assumes no responsibility for any such actions. It is the responsibility of the readers to understand and adhere to local laws and regulations concerning the practice of these techniques and methods. The authors, editors and publishers disclaim all responsibility for any liability, loss, injury, or damage incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, of the use and application of any of the contents of this book. First published: 2007 ISBN: 978-7-117-09043-8/R 9044 Cataloguing in Publication Data: A catalog record for this book is available from the CIP-Database China. Printed in P.R. China 条 形 码
Contributors (by chapter) Guanqing He Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Zhihao Lian Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Delong Su Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University Shangpu He Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical University Zhiheng Yu Professor of Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University Jianbai Yang Professor of Endemic Epidemiology, Institute of Kaschin-Beck Disease, Heilongjiang Province Weizheng Zhang Lanzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Gansu Province Xueyi Cao Xinjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Weizhong Yang Deputy Director, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Guang Zhang Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Hongjie Yu Associate Professor, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention V
Ignatius T.S. YU Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Lap-Ah TSE Assistant Professor in Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hua Wang Director, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Province Hong Su Associate Professor in Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University Xike Wu Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University Zunyou Wu Director, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Ning Dong National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Wei Guo National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Rongyuan Zheng Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology, the first Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College Qiaowen Tong Department of Neurology, the first Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College Xinshi Wang Department of Neurology, the first Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College Yi Wang Department of epidemiology, Public Health school of Wenzhou Medical College VI
Ke Men Associate Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, the Fourth Military Medical University Dezhong Xu Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, the Fourth Military Medical University Liming Li Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Wenjing Gao Assistant Professor in Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Yan Chen MD, Ph.D, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Siyan Zhan Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Mei Wang Professor of Health Economics, National Institute of Health Economics, Beijing Zhe Dun Deputy Director, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haidian, Beijing Peiyuan Deng Deputy Director, Center of Adverse Drug Reactions Monitoring, Beijing Ye Wu Division Director, Center for Drug Evaluation, State Food & Drug Administration, Beijing Min Yan Division Director, Center for Drug Evaluation, State Food & Drug Administration, Beijing Liya Cao Deputy Director, Center for Drug Evaluation, State Food & Drug Administration, Beijing H. Dean Hosgood,III Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes VII
of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Robert S Chapman College of Public Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. Min Shen Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD. Xingzhou He Professor of Occupational & Environmental Epidemiology Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China Qing Lan Professor of Epidemiology, Occupational & Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD. Dongfeng Gu Director, The Cardiovascular Institute and Fuwai Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, and National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, China, Beijing Kristi Reynolds The Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine (KR), New Orleans, LA, USA Zuofeng Zhang Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA Lina Mu Department of Epidemiology, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China Aimin Liu Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Dafeng, Jiangsu, China Veronica Wendy Setiawan Department of Preventive Medicine, USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA Yuko You Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA VIII
Baoguo Ding Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Taixing, Jiangsu, China Ming Wu Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China Xiaoshu Hu Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China Guopei Yu Biostatistics and Epidemiology Service, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, NY 10003, USA Lin Cai Department of Epidemiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China Chungcheng Hsieh Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Cancer Center, Worcester, MA 01605,USA Jianyu Rao Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA Qingyi Lu UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA Jinkou Zhao Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China Shunzhang Yu Department of Epidemiology, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China IX
Preface Epidemiology is the study of how often diseases and health-related events occur in different groups of people and why. China is the world's most populous country. The pattern of diseases and health in Chinese population should be paid more attention. Especially, with the social and economic improvement during past half a century, the pattern has been dramatic transitions in the Chinese population. It will be very interesting and valuable to share the epidemiological research experiences in Chinese population. Actually, a huge amount of epidemiological studies have been conducted by a couple of generations of epidemiologists in China since 1949. These epidemiological studies described disease patterns in the Chinese populations, explored the risk factors, identified the etiology of some unknown diseases, and provided scientific evidences for the prevention and control of diseases. However, a few of researches were published in international journals due to the language limit. An urgently issue is how to make the international peers know the development of epidemiology in China and set up wider platform for the cooperation between the Chinese and international epidemiologists. we are facing the common public health problems and challenges, wherever we are. It is appeared more important after the epidemic of SARS. With the support of People s Medical Publishing House, we have decided to publish this book entitled Epidemiological Research Cases in China (English version). The chapters in this book are chosen from the Chinese version (volume 1 to 4). Although this book could not represent the whole picture of epidemiological studies in China, it partly reflected the thoughts and methodologies used by the Chinese epidemiologists and the great contribution to solving the health problems in Chinese population. We hope this book will increase awareness of foreign colleagues to Chinese epidemiologists and strengthen the communication and cooperation between Chinese and international epidemiologists. As English is not our native language, there will be some unsatisfactory words expression and grammar application inevitably. We welcome your criticism and comments. Liming Li, MD, MPH Siyan Zhan, MD,PhD Sept, 2007 XI
Acknowledgements There are many colleagues and friends to whom we owe thanks for their contributions to this book. Firstly, we would like to thank all of the authors for drafting these interesting study stories and sharing their valuable research experiences with us. In particular, Prof. Yuping Qian (The chief-in-editor for Chinese version 1 to 3), Prof. Guanqing He, Prof. Zhihao Lian, Prof. Delong Su and Prof. Shangpu who have passed away during decades. We would like to express our greatest respect for these epidemiological pioneers in China. Another pioneer, Prof. Xike Wu has been encouraging and supporting us to continue the compilation of the series. We would also like to express our best wishes for his health and happiness. Without their initiating effort we would not have been able to continue compiling this book. Secondly, we would like gratefully to acknowledge those translators, including Prof. Zhenglai Wu (for Chapter 1), Prof. Siyan Zhan (for Chapter 2), Prof. Biao Xu (for Chapter 3), Dr. Wei Gao (for Chapter 4), Prof. Dianwu Liu (for Chapter 5), Prof. Yashuang Zhao (for Chapter 6) and Dr. Tao Wu (for Chapter 7,8 and11), for their selfless help and support. Thirdly, we are particularly indebted to Prof. Qingyi Wei (revising Chapter 2,5,6,7,8 and 11), Prof. Zuofeng Zhang (revising Chapter 9,12,14), Prof. Zhenglai Wu (revising Chapter 5) and Dr. Zili Li (revising Chapter 15), for their word for word revision. Without their earnest check and modify, we would not ensure the English expression correctly. Fourthly, we would also like to thank Dr. Wenjing Gao, Dr. Bo Wang, Dr. Canqing Yu, Dr. Feng Sun, Miss. Xin Lin and Mr. Xi Li, for their assistance in proofreading. Finally, we would like to thank our publisher, People s Medical Publishing House, for their insights and assistance in support of this book. XII
Contents 1. Explore Route of Transmission for Kala-azar 1 2. Epidemiological Investigation on Qapqal Disease 6 3. Euproctis similes dermatitis, an epidemic in Shanghai in 1972 15 4. A study of relationship between leptospirosis and cerebral arteritis and moyamoya disease 22 5. Epidemiologic Surveys and Interventions of Endemic Goiter in China 32 6. A Series of Etiological Epidemiology Studies on Kaschin-Beck Disease (1965-1993) 55 7. The discovery of a new Rotavirus that caused adult epidemic diarrhea in China in 1980 s 71 8. Epidemiological studies on a HEV epidemic in Xinjiang autonomous region between 1986 and 1988 85 9. Epidemiological Research on SARS in China 94 10. Application of Environmental Epidemiology in the Investigation of Infectious Disease Outbreaks A Case Study 112 11. Detection and verification of an outbreak epidemic of human-swine streptococcal bacteria for the first time in China 120 12. The discovery and elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis in China 136 13. Discovery and Control of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic among Plasma Donors in China 153 14. Control and study of the first-time outbreak of angiostrongyliasis cantonensis in China 165 15. The risk factors and mechanisms of hepatitis B virus intrauterine transmission 177 16. Chinese National Twin Registry 192 17. Medications prophylaxis against SARS and related adverse drug reactions: a population-based cross-sectional survey 204 18. Lessons Learned from Xuanwei, China: A Case Study in Indoor Air Pollution and Lung Cancer 215 19. Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index and Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease among Men and Women in China 228 20. Green Tea Drinking and Stomach Cancer in Jiangsu Province, China 247 XIII
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