E-TICKETING SYSTEM FOR PUBLIC BUS TRANSPORT USING PRE-PAID SMART CARDS

E-TICKETING SYSTEM FOR PUBLIC BUS TRANSPORT USING PRE-PAID SMART CARDS Praveen, Gopal, Sasikumar, Jagadeeshraja Department of EEE, Knowledge Institute of Technology, Salem, India Abstract: - Technology plays a major role in the field of customer service to make the consumer satisfy. While in the Public transport system it is widely accessed by public and the service providers are improving the quality of their service in various aspects. But in the case of fare collection it is still manual collection is followed, so this project focusing on implementation of efficient methods to expand the ticketing system. Smart Card technology is implemented to getting the ticket by drawing money from passengers account instead of transaction of direct money, with this method we can eradicate the issues due to scarcity of coin change. The smart card is swiped using the smart card reader with the conductor and after entry of passenger travelling details the Electronic Ticketing Machine (ETM) will generate the tickets and money will be directly transferred to transport corporation account using the Global Pocket Radio Service (GPRS). This technology is processed by the microcontroller in which the fare calculations are programmed. With this methodology the service provider can able to make their transaction easier, tracking of the bus will be possible. Additionally number of passengers accessing the bus can also be monitored and those information utilized to improve their service. Index Terms-AT89S52 Microcontroller, Smart Card, Smart Card Reader, ETM, GPRS I.INTRODUCTION Public Bus Transport System is most used service among the people of various regions such as rural, urban and metro cites. Starting from students to working professionals are utilizing the bus transport due to its availability on time, multiple routes across cities and schedule basis. Due to demand in bus transport among public both government and private sectors are providing much facilities for passengers to make comfort travelling. Though luxury field improved, but the ticketing system is still cash pay to buy a ticket in bus transport. Since online bookings are only done for long distance transports, the city buses are still suffering with a problem with cash payment due to scarcity of coins. There will be a quarrel and issues usually having among bus conductor and passengers regarding not having exact amount of money to be returned. Those problem is still occurs in every bus day to day that affect harmony of society. So the main theme of this project to eradicate the problem due to demands of coin change in public bus transport and implementation of simple method of transaction. Currently Electronic Ticketing Machines (ETM) is used in the buses that will store data and deliver tickets digitally, but still fare collection is done manually. In this project fare collection is done digitally with the aid of smart cards without use of direct money transaction. Passenger will be provided with a smart card which is rechargeable and each card will have a unique id number in which details of the card holder will be stored in a database. Smart card to be utilized for the purpose of getting tickets in the public buses instead of paying money directly. Amount from the passenger s account will be deduced for each transaction and account can be recharged whenever needed. Each card holder will be provided with a personal profile, so they can monitor their statistics such as their expenditure in bus travel per month and transaction statement etc. In the transport corporation the database will give information such as number of passengers using a bus per day and in one trip, areas and timings with more crowds etc. So they can use that information to improve the service by employing more buses during peak hour. In the area of accounts the amount is directly transferred to their bank account so no need for checking the cash collection from each bus conductors. IJIRT 101791 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY 503

II. EXISTING METHODOLOGIES IN BUS TRANSPORT Conventional Printed Paper Tickets and Electronic Ticketing Machines (ETM s) are the approaches followed nowadays for issuing the tickets in the public buses. Where Printed tickets were given as a receipt for travelling fare and in ETM s are digital hand held device especially made for ticketing purpose. The conductor needs to enter details such as number of passengers, source and destination, so the device will calculate the fare by itself with the aid of program and will generate the ticket. But in both methods conductor need to collect fare amount from passenger and need to give back the balance amount if needed. III. ELECTRONIC TICKETING MACHINES IN PUBLIC BUS TRANSPORT The Electronic Ticketing Machine (ETM) is a Hand Held Computer, in which the program is stored along with all the relevant data, for issue of tickets in the bus during the journey. The storage of program and data is done through a Personal Computer (Host PC), and is called pre-journey configuration for the specific route, bus service, fare, concessions, conductor, driver and day of operation, for handling the passenger and luggage ticketing. The master data pertaining to the unit fare charges for adult/child and luggage, concessions, route, bus service are stored on the Host PC, and made available for uploading on to the ETM at the time of configuration. Once the pre-configuration is over the ETM is ready for use during the journey. A collection report can be prepared at the end of trip. After a journey is over the transaction data files are transferred from ETM to the Host PC, over a communication cable connected to serial communication port. The ETM requires about three hours for full charging after which it can be used continuously for 7-8 hours. A. FEATURES OF EXISTING ETM 1. Fully customized fare tables for passenger luggage 3. Instant display and report about passengers onboard 4. Data transfer facility between ETM and host pc using communication cable or contactless infrared port 5. Day end total collection report 6. Duplicate receipt 7. Station specific statements B. LATEST IMPLEMENTATION OF ETM A. GPRS-ENABLED TICKET MACHINES IN KERALA BUS The Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) is planning to introduce General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) -enabled electronic ticket machines (ETM) in buses plying from Ernakulam, Chengannur and Kottayam depots next week (news dated: Dec 4, 2013, 12.53AM IST) The facility is presently available in KSRTC buses plying between Thiruvananthapuram and Pampa.The GPRS-backed ETMs will help to track the movement of vehicles, distance covered, number of passengers using the service, running time, number of tickets given, arrival and departure of buses. It will also help to track reservation and cancellation of tickets. While Kochi has been allotted 180 such ETM machines, Chengannur depot will receive 150 and Kottayam depot 150 machines. The system will be centrally connected and monitored from Transport Bhavan in Thiruvananthapuram. The decision to introduce GPRS-enabled machines was taken to reduce the burden of employees. More over, the number of bus services from Ernakulam is comparatively high and it has become difficult for employees as they have work double and more shifts even on long trips. The pilot project was first launched in Thiruvananthapuram on November 10, and Pampa depot received ETM machines on November 16, 2013. 2. Instant calculation of fare IJIRT 101791 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY 504

Provided smart card is rechargeable one, so the passenger can recharge with their convenience like the mobile recharge. Additionally proposed system includes, each card holder will be provided with the online account in Transport Corporation to know their statistics about their travelling statement. It will also reduce the burden of submitting the cash to accounts at end of the day, because the collected cash will be directly transferred to transport corporation electronically. As the result the issues related to demand of coins while getting ticket will be eradicated. B. 'GO INDIA' SMART CARD FOR TRAIN JOURNEYS With an aim to reduce transaction time at booking counters, Railways launched 'Go India' smart card on August 13, 2014 to enable passengers to pay for tickets for long or short distance journeys in reserved and unreserved class including suburban service. The card can be issued by paying Rs 70 where passenger can get Rs 20 balance at the designated station. After that the card can be recharged for Rs 20 or in multiples of Rs 50 up to Rs 5,000.Maximum limit of the 'Go India' card is being kept at Rs 10,000. The smart card has lifetime validity. IV. PROPOSED METHOD OF ETM S IN PUBLIC BUS TRANSPORT The proposed method consists of input devices smart card reader for acquiring passenger data such as Name, Passenger ID, address, contact details and balance available in account. For this the conductor need to swipe the smart card using the ETM. Then using keypad the travelling information such as source, destination and number of passengers to be passed in. So that using the pre-defined program, fare for the passenger will be calculated and displayed. With the help of printer, ticket will be generated with the above details and also includes available balance, transaction ID. Likewise each transaction is transferred to the central database, so that bus can be monitored regarding number of passengers using the service, total fare collected and location of the bus travelling. V. SIMULATION RESULTS Software simulation is done in Keil µvision 3 IDE and results were produced in UART Serial window. The model has been developed in LabView and simulated. VI. SOURCE CODE #include<reg51.h> #include <stdio.h> IJIRT 101791 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY 505

char_getkey(void); void main(void) printf("\n 4.Bangalore i=_getkey(); switch(i) char i; SCON=0x50; case '1': printf("\n Salem to Dharmapuri ticket per head:rs 60 printf("\n Passengers=2:"); printf("\n Total Fare=120"); case '2': printf("\n Salem to Krishnagiri ticket per head:rs 90 TMOD=0x20; TH1=221; TR1=1; TI=1; while(1) loop: printf("\n Name: S PRAVEEN printf("\n\n Select Destination: printf("\n 1.Dharmapuri"); printf("\n 2.Krishnagiri"); printf("\n 3.Hosur"); printf("\n Passengers=3:"); printf("\n Total Fare=180"); case '3': printf("\n Salem to Hosur ticket per head:rs 120 printf("\n Passengers=1:"); printf("\n Total Fare=120"); IJIRT 101791 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY 506

case '4': printf("\n Salem to Bangalore ticket per head:rs 200 printf("\n Passengers=1:"); printf("\n Total Fare=200"); default: printf("cancelled VII. CONCLUSION The effective solution for the issues facing in day to day life in the public bus transport was proposed and proved theoretically. Major issue of scarcity of coins while getting tickets was focused and using smart card technology the problem was eradicated. Whole transaction of fare collection was centralized and transferred electronically with the GPRS technology. Tracking of buses is not possible using the present methodology of bus transport, but using the e ticketing system the vehicle can be tracked using the GPS. Statistics such as number of passenger accessing the bus per day, per trip based on timings are stored in database so the service provider can able to improve his service by operating more bus during the peak hours. Passengers can access the accounts in online and they can able to view their travelling statement. Provided smart card is a rechargeable, so customers can recharge whenever the account balance needs money as per their convenience. So this project will be an efficient method that will eradicate the issues present in the existing method and will help society to have the comfortable travelling experience. VIII. REFERENCE [1] Mohamed Mezghani, Study on electronic ticketing in public transport May 2008 [2] T. Fuse A, K Makimura B, T Nakamura B, Observation of Travel Behavior By IC Card Data And Application to Transportation Planning A special joint symposium of ISPRS Technical Commission IV & AutoCarto in conjunction with ASPRS/CaGIS 2010 Fall Specialty Conference November 15-19, 2010 Orlando, Florida [3] Accenture, Ticket to the Future: Smart card technology in public transportation 2005 [4] NTT DATA Americas Client Story: Public Transport Ticketing System Optimised Public Transport Ticketing System Brings Greater Flexibility, Reliability and Convenience to the Travelling Public 2012 NTT DATA, Inc. RAL- 2012_01-CSS-Vict_Publ_Tran-v1 [5] Priyanka Kulkarni, Dhananjay R. Kalbande, Neelam Gulrajani, Srinath Warrier, Smartcard based Android Application for Public Transport Ticketing System. International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 8887) Volume 60 No.11, December 2012 [6] AECOM transportation, Study on Public Transport Smartcards Final Report European Commission DG MOVE 1/5/11Xerox Corporation, Smart Card Fare Payment Solutions For Public Transportation 2012 IJIRT 101791 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY 507