CLOUD COMPUTING A Primer
A Mix of Voices The incredible shrinking CIO CIO Magazine, 2004 IT Doesn t Matter, The cloud will ship service outside the institution and ship power from central IT groups to individuals and departments, each department or individual will be able to turn to the cloud to assemble the services they need - Nicholas Carr, 2003 Respondents (CIOs) reported greater confidence in their influence and strategic importance IBM Center for CIO Leadership, 2007 What is the roll of the institution in a world where individuals are empowered to seek solutions anywhere in the Cloud? Richard Katz, 2008
A Mix of Players
What is the Cloud Simply put a metaphor for the Internet A style of computing where discrete technology services live entirely in the Internet Distinct from Web-based, Web-accessible or Webenabled Software as a Service/Everything as a Service
What is the Cloud National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) A model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g. networks, servers, storage, applications and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.
What is a Cloud service? An IT capability that is: Standardized, On-demand, self-service Elastic Commodity-based pay per use Delivered dynamically Broad network access Resource pooling
Strengths Provides the opportunity for better management of resources Hardware Software People Business drivers Reduced cost Refined usage of personnel Provides robust scalability
Practical benefits Do not have to know capacity (flexible capacity planning) Quickly implemented Pay by the drop Automation Scalable on demand Smaller infrastructure Less administration
Weaknesses Must have an Internet connection The Bandwidth Bottleneck Security and Privacy Vendor operational problems
What services can be Cloud-based? Almost any IT resource can be Cloud-based Best candidates (due to characteristic weaknesses) Discrete, standardizable technologies Smaller data transfer requirements Needs access anywhere Needs high availability Benefits from dynamic scalability Can use a high level of self-service Found to be poor candidates Sustained processor or storage access applications Large data transfer requirements
Evolution of the Cloud
Underlying technologies?
Typical Cloud Service Models Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Provisions physical hardware pools of CPU processing, memory, data storage, and network connectivity Referred to as Multiple tenants Vendor controls and maintains the physical computer hardware Customer controls and maintains operating systems, server applications and application software.
Typical Cloud Service Models Platform as a Service (Paas) Vendor provides infrastructure, operating systems and server applications as a complete platform Vendor controls and maintains the physical computer hardware, operating systems and server applications Customer controls and maintains all programming and/or applications based upon the particular platform
Typical Cloud Service Models Software as a Service (SaaS) Vendors use their cloud infrastructure and cloud platforms to provide customers with software applications Examples: Google Docs, Microsoft Office 365, Salesforce. com Vendor controls and maintains the physical computer hardware, operating systems, server applications and software applications Customer controls and maintains limited application configuration and settings along with customer data
What are the Different types of Clouds? Public Clouds Service provider owned and managed Access by subscription Delivers select set of standardized processes, applications and/or infrastructure services on a flexible pay per use basis. Characteristics Standardization Capital preservation Flexibility Reduced time to deploy
What are the Different types of Clouds? Private Clouds Client owned and managed Access limited to client and its partner network Drives efficiency, standardization and best-practices while retaining greater customization and control Characteristics Customization Efficiency Security and Privacy Availability
What are the Different types of Clouds? Others Hybrid Clouds combination of Public and Private Community Clouds Shared Services limited to a particular group
What issues should be considered? Vendor lock-in Reliability Data security Vendor stability Sustainability Cloud Computing Checklist
Cloud Integration Steps Develop a Cloud strategy Focus on: IT Governance Information management, practices and policies Key technologies and Enterprise IT Architectures Enterprise compliance controls Scholarly literacy The institution s performance management system and analytics Manage: The institution s online presence Digital spaces, environments and tools Talent and Intellectual property