Level Annutes wth Payments Less Frequent than Each Interest Perod 1 Annuty-mmedate 2 Annuty-due
Level Annutes wth Payments Less Frequent than Each Interest Perod 1 Annuty-mmedate 2 Annuty-due
Symoblc approach In ths chapter we have to dstngush between payment perods and nterest perods Consder a basc annuty that lasts for n nterest perods, and has r payments where n = r k for some nteger k In other words, ths annuty has a payment at the end of each k nterest perods... the effectve nterest rate per nterest perod I... the effectve nterest rate per payment perod,.e., I = (1 + ) k 1 Then, the value at ssuance of ths annuty s a r I and a r I = 1 (1 + I ) r I = 1 (1 + ) rk (1 + ) k 1 = a n s k The accumulated value s s r I = s n s k
Symoblc approach In ths chapter we have to dstngush between payment perods and nterest perods Consder a basc annuty that lasts for n nterest perods, and has r payments where n = r k for some nteger k In other words, ths annuty has a payment at the end of each k nterest perods... the effectve nterest rate per nterest perod I... the effectve nterest rate per payment perod,.e., I = (1 + ) k 1 Then, the value at ssuance of ths annuty s a r I and a r I = 1 (1 + I ) r I = 1 (1 + ) rk (1 + ) k 1 = a n s k The accumulated value s s r I = s n s k
Symoblc approach In ths chapter we have to dstngush between payment perods and nterest perods Consder a basc annuty that lasts for n nterest perods, and has r payments where n = r k for some nteger k In other words, ths annuty has a payment at the end of each k nterest perods... the effectve nterest rate per nterest perod I... the effectve nterest rate per payment perod,.e., I = (1 + ) k 1 Then, the value at ssuance of ths annuty s a r I and a r I = 1 (1 + I ) r I = 1 (1 + ) rk (1 + ) k 1 = a n s k The accumulated value s s r I = s n s k
Symoblc approach In ths chapter we have to dstngush between payment perods and nterest perods Consder a basc annuty that lasts for n nterest perods, and has r payments where n = r k for some nteger k In other words, ths annuty has a payment at the end of each k nterest perods... the effectve nterest rate per nterest perod I... the effectve nterest rate per payment perod,.e., I = (1 + ) k 1 Then, the value at ssuance of ths annuty s a r I and a r I = 1 (1 + I ) r I = 1 (1 + ) rk (1 + ) k 1 = a n s k The accumulated value s s r I = s n s k
Symoblc approach In ths chapter we have to dstngush between payment perods and nterest perods Consder a basc annuty that lasts for n nterest perods, and has r payments where n = r k for some nteger k In other words, ths annuty has a payment at the end of each k nterest perods... the effectve nterest rate per nterest perod I... the effectve nterest rate per payment perod,.e., I = (1 + ) k 1 Then, the value at ssuance of ths annuty s a r I and a r I = 1 (1 + I ) r I = 1 (1 + ) rk (1 + ) k 1 = a n s k The accumulated value s s r I = s n s k
Symoblc approach In ths chapter we have to dstngush between payment perods and nterest perods Consder a basc annuty that lasts for n nterest perods, and has r payments where n = r k for some nteger k In other words, ths annuty has a payment at the end of each k nterest perods... the effectve nterest rate per nterest perod I... the effectve nterest rate per payment perod,.e., I = (1 + ) k 1 Then, the value at ssuance of ths annuty s a r I and a r I = 1 (1 + I ) r I = 1 (1 + ) rk (1 + ) k 1 = a n s k The accumulated value s s r I = s n s k
Symoblc approach In ths chapter we have to dstngush between payment perods and nterest perods Consder a basc annuty that lasts for n nterest perods, and has r payments where n = r k for some nteger k In other words, ths annuty has a payment at the end of each k nterest perods... the effectve nterest rate per nterest perod I... the effectve nterest rate per payment perod,.e., I = (1 + ) k 1 Then, the value at ssuance of ths annuty s a r I and a r I = 1 (1 + I ) r I = 1 (1 + ) rk (1 + ) k 1 = a n s k The accumulated value s s r I = s n s k
An Example Fnd an expresson n terms of symbols of the type a n and s n, for the present value of an annuty n whch there are a total of r payments of 1. The frst payment s to be made 7 years from today, and the remanng payments happen at three year ntervals. The present value of ths annuty can be expressed n terms of the annual dscount factor as v 7 + v 10 + v 13 + + v 3r+4 Calculatng the partal sum of the geometrc seres above, we get v 7 v 3r+7 1 v 3 = (1 v 7 ) + (1 v 3r+7 ) 1 v 3 = 1 v 7 + 1 v 3 1 v 3r+7 Caveat: The expresson we obtaned above s not unque! = a 3r+7 a 7 a 3
An Example Fnd an expresson n terms of symbols of the type a n and s n, for the present value of an annuty n whch there are a total of r payments of 1. The frst payment s to be made 7 years from today, and the remanng payments happen at three year ntervals. The present value of ths annuty can be expressed n terms of the annual dscount factor as v 7 + v 10 + v 13 + + v 3r+4 Calculatng the partal sum of the geometrc seres above, we get v 7 v 3r+7 1 v 3 = (1 v 7 ) + (1 v 3r+7 ) 1 v 3 = 1 v 7 + 1 v 3 1 v 3r+7 Caveat: The expresson we obtaned above s not unque! = a 3r+7 a 7 a 3
An Example Fnd an expresson n terms of symbols of the type a n and s n, for the present value of an annuty n whch there are a total of r payments of 1. The frst payment s to be made 7 years from today, and the remanng payments happen at three year ntervals. The present value of ths annuty can be expressed n terms of the annual dscount factor as v 7 + v 10 + v 13 + + v 3r+4 Calculatng the partal sum of the geometrc seres above, we get v 7 v 3r+7 1 v 3 = (1 v 7 ) + (1 v 3r+7 ) 1 v 3 = 1 v 7 + 1 v 3 1 v 3r+7 Caveat: The expresson we obtaned above s not unque! = a 3r+7 a 7 a 3
An Example Fnd an expresson n terms of symbols of the type a n and s n, for the present value of an annuty n whch there are a total of r payments of 1. The frst payment s to be made 7 years from today, and the remanng payments happen at three year ntervals. The present value of ths annuty can be expressed n terms of the annual dscount factor as v 7 + v 10 + v 13 + + v 3r+4 Calculatng the partal sum of the geometrc seres above, we get v 7 v 3r+7 1 v 3 = (1 v 7 ) + (1 v 3r+7 ) 1 v 3 = 1 v 7 + 1 v 3 1 v 3r+7 Caveat: The expresson we obtaned above s not unque! = a 3r+7 a 7 a 3
An Example: Unknown fnal payment An nvestment of $1000 s used to make payments of $100 at the end of each year for as long as possble wth a smaller fnal payment to be made at the tme of the last regular payment. If nterest s 7% convertble semannually, fnd the number of payments and the amount of the total fnal payment.
An Example: Unknown fnal payment (cont d) Usng the expresson for the present value of ths annuty, we get the equaton of value at tme 0 100 an 0.035 s 2 0.035 = 1000 where n denotes the unknown number of regular nterest perods that the annuty lasts. The equaton of value yelds a n 0.035 = 10 s 2 0.035 = 20.35 We get that n = 36 and that 18 regular payments and an addtonal smaller payment must be made. Let R denote the amount of the smaller fnal payment. Then, the tme n equaton of value reads as Thus, R = $10.09 R + 100 s36 0.035 s 2 0.035 = 1000 (1.035) 36
An Example: Unknown fnal payment (cont d) Usng the expresson for the present value of ths annuty, we get the equaton of value at tme 0 100 an 0.035 s 2 0.035 = 1000 where n denotes the unknown number of regular nterest perods that the annuty lasts. The equaton of value yelds a n 0.035 = 10 s 2 0.035 = 20.35 We get that n = 36 and that 18 regular payments and an addtonal smaller payment must be made. Let R denote the amount of the smaller fnal payment. Then, the tme n equaton of value reads as Thus, R = $10.09 R + 100 s36 0.035 s 2 0.035 = 1000 (1.035) 36
An Example: Unknown fnal payment (cont d) Usng the expresson for the present value of ths annuty, we get the equaton of value at tme 0 100 an 0.035 s 2 0.035 = 1000 where n denotes the unknown number of regular nterest perods that the annuty lasts. The equaton of value yelds a n 0.035 = 10 s 2 0.035 = 20.35 We get that n = 36 and that 18 regular payments and an addtonal smaller payment must be made. Let R denote the amount of the smaller fnal payment. Then, the tme n equaton of value reads as Thus, R = $10.09 R + 100 s36 0.035 s 2 0.035 = 1000 (1.035) 36
An Example: Unknown fnal payment (cont d) Usng the expresson for the present value of ths annuty, we get the equaton of value at tme 0 100 an 0.035 s 2 0.035 = 1000 where n denotes the unknown number of regular nterest perods that the annuty lasts. The equaton of value yelds a n 0.035 = 10 s 2 0.035 = 20.35 We get that n = 36 and that 18 regular payments and an addtonal smaller payment must be made. Let R denote the amount of the smaller fnal payment. Then, the tme n equaton of value reads as Thus, R = $10.09 R + 100 s36 0.035 s 2 0.035 = 1000 (1.035) 36
An Example: Unknown fnal payment (cont d) Usng the expresson for the present value of ths annuty, we get the equaton of value at tme 0 100 an 0.035 s 2 0.035 = 1000 where n denotes the unknown number of regular nterest perods that the annuty lasts. The equaton of value yelds a n 0.035 = 10 s 2 0.035 = 20.35 We get that n = 36 and that 18 regular payments and an addtonal smaller payment must be made. Let R denote the amount of the smaller fnal payment. Then, the tme n equaton of value reads as Thus, R = $10.09 R + 100 s36 0.035 s 2 0.035 = 1000 (1.035) 36
Level Annutes wth Payments Less Frequent than Each Interest Perod 1 Annuty-mmedate 2 Annuty-due
Value at ssuance and accumulated value Agan, consder a basc annuty that lasts for n nterest perods, and has r payments where n = r k for some nteger k Ths annuty has a payment at the begnnng of each k nterest perods Then, the value at ssuance of ths annuty-due s ä r I and ä r I = (1 + I ) a r I = a n a k Smlarly, we get that the accumulated value equals s r I = s n a k Caveat: The above accumulated value s k nterest converson perods after the last payment...
Value at ssuance and accumulated value Agan, consder a basc annuty that lasts for n nterest perods, and has r payments where n = r k for some nteger k Ths annuty has a payment at the begnnng of each k nterest perods Then, the value at ssuance of ths annuty-due s ä r I and ä r I = (1 + I ) a r I = a n a k Smlarly, we get that the accumulated value equals s r I = s n a k Caveat: The above accumulated value s k nterest converson perods after the last payment...
Value at ssuance and accumulated value Agan, consder a basc annuty that lasts for n nterest perods, and has r payments where n = r k for some nteger k Ths annuty has a payment at the begnnng of each k nterest perods Then, the value at ssuance of ths annuty-due s ä r I and ä r I = (1 + I ) a r I = a n a k Smlarly, we get that the accumulated value equals s r I = s n a k Caveat: The above accumulated value s k nterest converson perods after the last payment...
Value at ssuance and accumulated value Agan, consder a basc annuty that lasts for n nterest perods, and has r payments where n = r k for some nteger k Ths annuty has a payment at the begnnng of each k nterest perods Then, the value at ssuance of ths annuty-due s ä r I and ä r I = (1 + I ) a r I = a n a k Smlarly, we get that the accumulated value equals s r I = s n a k Caveat: The above accumulated value s k nterest converson perods after the last payment...
Value at ssuance and accumulated value Agan, consder a basc annuty that lasts for n nterest perods, and has r payments where n = r k for some nteger k Ths annuty has a payment at the begnnng of each k nterest perods Then, the value at ssuance of ths annuty-due s ä r I and ä r I = (1 + I ) a r I = a n a k Smlarly, we get that the accumulated value equals s r I = s n a k Caveat: The above accumulated value s k nterest converson perods after the last payment...
An Example: Accumulated value Fnd the accumulated value at the end of four years of an nvestment fund n whch $100 s deposted at the begnnng of each quarter for the frst two years and $200 s deposted at the begnnng of every quarter for the second two years. Assume that the fund earns 12% convertble monthly. The rate of nterest s 1% per month. In ths annuty-due, there are 48 nterest perods and each payment perod conssts of 3 nterest coverson perods. So, the accumulated value s 100 s48 0.01 + s 24 0.01 a 3 0.01 = 100 61.2226 + 26.9735 2.9410 = $2999 Assgnment: Examples 4.2.9, 12 Problems 4.2.1,3
An Example: Accumulated value Fnd the accumulated value at the end of four years of an nvestment fund n whch $100 s deposted at the begnnng of each quarter for the frst two years and $200 s deposted at the begnnng of every quarter for the second two years. Assume that the fund earns 12% convertble monthly. The rate of nterest s 1% per month. In ths annuty-due, there are 48 nterest perods and each payment perod conssts of 3 nterest coverson perods. So, the accumulated value s 100 s48 0.01 + s 24 0.01 a 3 0.01 = 100 61.2226 + 26.9735 2.9410 = $2999 Assgnment: Examples 4.2.9, 12 Problems 4.2.1,3
An Example: Accumulated value Fnd the accumulated value at the end of four years of an nvestment fund n whch $100 s deposted at the begnnng of each quarter for the frst two years and $200 s deposted at the begnnng of every quarter for the second two years. Assume that the fund earns 12% convertble monthly. The rate of nterest s 1% per month. In ths annuty-due, there are 48 nterest perods and each payment perod conssts of 3 nterest coverson perods. So, the accumulated value s 100 s48 0.01 + s 24 0.01 a 3 0.01 = 100 61.2226 + 26.9735 2.9410 = $2999 Assgnment: Examples 4.2.9, 12 Problems 4.2.1,3