Biotechnology for Citrus health and quality in the Euro-MED area (Limiting factors and troubleshooting) Alessandro Lombardo Science and Technology Park of Sicily First Euro-MED Conference on Biotechnology in Agrofood Naples, October 29th 2012
Egypt Pakistan Indonesia Argentina 000 t 21.000 18.000 15.000 12.000 9.000 6.000 3.000 0 World citriculture 100 million tonns Spain India Iran Italy Nigeria Turkey Brazil China USA Mexico Source data FAO 2009
70%
Citriculture in the Mediterranean basin Source data CLAM 2007 20% of the world citrus production: 20 million tonns 60% of the world fresh citrus trade: 7,6 million tonns 75% of the worlwide exportation of easy peeler fruits
Citrus production trend: 1996-2007 Rapid evolution of consumer preferences oriented to fruit: small-sized easy-peeler seedless wide calendar of maturation high nutritional and organoleptic qualities traceability
Consumer preferences: new varieties Gallo 57-1E-1 Meli Sant Alfio Ippolito Messina a f.r. Rosso Dal muso Scirè
Mandarin diversification in the mediterranean area in the last 30 years 1980 1995 2010 Satsuma Clementine Hybrids
Limiting factors Biotic stress: worldwide diffusion Citrus tristeza virus (Tristezza) Phytophthora spp. (Brown rot) present in specific geographic areas Xylella fastidiosa (Citrus variegated chlorosis) Candidatus Liberibacter spp. (Greening) Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Citri (Citrus bacterial canker) Phoma tracheiphila (mal secco disease) Abiotic stress acidity, alkalinity and salinity of soils excess or deficiency of water maximum and minimum temperature
IT-CITRUS GENOMICS PROJECT FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS, GENETIC IMPROVMENT AND INNOVATION FOR THE EXPLOITATION OF CITRUS INDUSTRY Applicants - Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico della Sicilia (PSTS) - Catania - Parco Tecnologico Padano (PTP) - Catania - Agroindustry Advanced Technologies (AAT) - Catania - International Plant Analysis and Diagnostics (IPAD) - Catania - Istituto di Genomica Applicata Technology Services (IGATS) - Catania - Xenia Progetti (XP) - Catania
Resequencing of primary and derived species of specific accessions of citrus to establish correlations between phenotype and genotype C. aurantium Arancio amaro C. sinensis Arancio dolce C. paradisi Pompelmo C. reticulata Mandarino C. maxima Pummelo C. micrantha C. limon Limone C. medica Cedro C. aurantifolia Lime
Extent the ripening calendar of oranges clones
Few bud mutants of Clementine Harvesting period Fina/Comune Selfcompatibility Marisol Oroval Oronules Arrufatina Nules Esbal Hernandina Tardivo Monreal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 3 2 4 6 5 October November December January February March 7-8
Chemical and sensory analysis on 100 accessions: Volatile compounds Anthocyanins, beta-carotene, C vitamin, acids, sugars, aldehydes, esters, terpenes Electronic nose
Biotic stress: Mal secco disease
Biotic stress: CTV (Citrus tristeza virus) Dimension: 2000x11 nm Genome: single strand RNA + 19,3 Kb Genome organization: 12 ORF + 2UTR Protein producted: 19 Full sequenced genomes: 24
Tristeza o Decline Rapid decline and dye of Citrus grafted on sour orange (Citrus aurantianum L.)
Seedling yellow yellowing and stunting of sour orange, yellowing of leaves and stunting of lemon and grapefruit
Stem-pitting pitting of the wood, stunting, reduced yields, poor quality of the fruits (on the basis of the rootstock)
CTV, Mal secco and abiotic stress trobleshootings New rootstocks with improved tolerance / resistance Sour orange Adapted to calcareous soil Tolerant to Phytophtora, salinity and droght Susceptible to Citrus Tristeza Virus Citrange Not well adapted to calcareous soil and salinity Tolerant to Citrus Tristeza Virus and Phytophtora
CTV strains Resistance breackdown Quick decline Severe Mild BAU497-ITA SG29-ITA
Lab on chip: a platform for microarray integrated, PCR detection and genotyping of citrus pathogens All-in-one device for fast PCR amplification, hybridization and detection on a low density, customizable microarray with increased performances
Lab-on-chip platform Random Access System for improved flexibility Fluidics compatible with standard laboratory tools User Friendly Software for System Control and Microarray analysis
IT-Citrus Portal: web services site for Citrus Genomics based on GRID
1500+ CPUs 250+ TBytes The Sicilian Grid
New phytosanitary emergence: Greening Huanglongbing (HLB)
to the future