ebooks, University Libraries and the Publishing Industry @noshelfrequired Wright State University Libraries Sue Polanka No Shelf Required
Topics of Discussion Statistics Purchasing ebooks Business Models Access & Licensing Consortia Locally hosting Open Access Self-Publishing
Statistics
US Academic Library ebook Penetration 94% 2010 95% 2011 95% 2012 Source: Library Journal Survey of Ebook Penetration in Academic Libraries
Academic Library Expenditures on Purchased and Licensed Content 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Projected change 2014 2020 Slide courtesy of James Michalko, OCLC Print books and journals E-journals and e-books
Academic Library Expenditures on Purchased and Licensed Content 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Projected change 2014 2020 Slide courtesy of James Michalko, OCLC Print books and journals E-journals and e-books
Business Models & Access
Rule #1 You are not just buying content
Content in a Container Software/Interface DRM Biz Model ebook
Do you want to.. Build Access
The content you want determines the vendor, business model, license, and format you will get.
Business Models Free Perpetual Access Single User (checkout) Multi User Unlimited Use Patron Driven Access or build a collection? Subscriptions Short-term Loan Ongoing Fees?
Free - In Library Lending Internet Archive Hosted on Open Library Pool of 100K ebooks 1000 libraries worldwide 20 th Century titles Donate one book to the program to join
Sampling of Free ebook sites Google Books HathiTrust Many Books Project Gutenberg Internet Archive In-library lending program 1 million files via BitTorrent Scribd World Public Library
Patron Driven Acquisition (PDA) Purchase takes place when book is used Just in Time collection vs. Just in Case Takes great deal of staff time/monitoring Process: Libraries select titles (establish a profile) Establish rules/guidelines for purchase Brief catalog records added Patron finds/uses the book triggers purchase See also: Patron Driven Acquisitions, DeGruyter, 2011
Short Term Loan Based on PDA Use triggers a loan/pay per view Cost determined by list price and time needed Access only - Nothing owned Ability to purchase high use titles Access more content for same cost ILL alternative
ebook Access Levels Public Domain Locally Hosted Perpetual Access Files sent to library Perpetual Access Fees paid up front Subscription Limits On Circulation Short Term Loan or Rentals Open Access Locally Hosted DRM Perpetual Access No Fees Perpetual Access Ongoing Fees
Consortial Purchasing
Consortial Purchasing + s More content, less money Consistency across libraries Share content Volume discounts One license Centralized tech/billing
Consortial Purchasing + s More content, less money Consistency across libraries Share content Volume discounts One license Centralized tech/billing - s Publishers don t necessarily want shared collections Long process Less control of content/platform selection Negotiating price Discount only, no sharing of content
Host your own ebooks
Locally host ebook content
ebook Access Levels Subscription Public Domain Locally Hosted Short Term Loan or Rentals Open Access Locally Hosted DRM
Locally Own/Manage Content + s Purchase content files direct from publisher or author Discounts We are the aggregator Develop interface Self-preservation Sometimes no DRM
Locally Own/Manage Content + s Purchase content files direct from publisher or author Control Interface We are the aggregator Self-preservation No DRM kinda - s IT/Programming staff Technology/servers We must fix problems Upkeep costs Not all publishers will sell us content
OhioLINK Consortia 91 academic libraries 700,000 users NetLibrary in 2000 2000 Locally hosting ebooks 41,000 titles Open source software XTF Own files, no DRM
Our Principles Unlimited Simultaneous Users Unlimited Lifetime Use Sharing across the Consortia
OhioLINK current ebook use Fiscal Year 2010-2011 Over 25,000 titles loaded ABC-CLIO, Gale, Oxford, SAGE, Springer Titles NOT used less than 4% 1.4 million downloads on EBC 507,000 uses on publisher sites
OhioLINK where we re headed YBP as purchasing agent 10 20 core publishers Front lists Purchase Local load and/or aggregator host Other publishers PDA Approval Plan Or Hybrid
OhioLINK where we re headed Wiley Package 3 year front list (2011-2013) Approximately 2800 titles Cost of +/- $500,000 per year No Textbooks
OhioLINK where we re headed Patron Driven Plan FTE Model large/charter, medium, small, CC $30,000 - $2,500 price per year Multiplier of 5 $80 average book cost $400 per title 2,243 titles per year $14.25 per title for large institutions
Open Access
Open Access ebooks OAPEN Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB) Unglue.it Knowledge Unlatched
OAPEN - Open Access Publishing in European Networks Humanities/Social Sciences Peer reviewed publications Search full text Free to read/share Metadata available
Directory of Open Access Books OAPEN Foundation Increase discovery of open access books 1207 peer-reviewed books - 33 publishers Search description only, no full text Directed to publisher site for download Books are free to share
Unglue.it Work with rights holders Relicense works under CC Run a crowdfunding campaign Reach goal = rights holder paid, book available to all for free See also: Eric Hellman s Open Access chapter in Library Technology Reports & ONLINE Magazine, ebook Buzz Column, May/June 2012
Knowledge Unlatched Frances Pinter Global Library Consortia Libraries use CD funds Covers fixed costs for pubs Open Access/CC License Pilot in 2013 knowledgeunlatched.org See also: NSR Audio Interview with Frances Pinter, March, 2010
Regional initiatives books.scielo.org ebooks - PDF and epub Open Access
Textbooks Open Educational Resources Reuse Redistribute Revise Remix
Opportunities and Challenges Free Easy to update/change Customizable Localize content Different learning styles Break into granular pieces
Opportunities and Challenges Free Easy to update/change Customizable Localize content Different learning styles Time consuming Buy-in Requires technology Is content quality? Is content available? Break into granular pieces
Higher Education OERs MIT Open CourseWare Connexions Merlot Open Course Library OER Commons
Open Access Role for Libraries? Libraries can participate in a digital future Promote open access solutions Educate faculty on publishing options Use collection funds to support open access Encourage adoption of OERs Membership in GLC Add open access ebook metadata to discovery tools
Self Publishing
Self Publishing Companies
Rise in Self-Publishing Golden Age of Self-Publishing 2010 = 133,000 titles 2011 = 211,000 titles Fiction 45% ebooks = 41% units but only 11% sales ebook average cost = $3.18
Non-Traditional Publishing 4.000.000 3.500.000 3.000.000 2.500.000 2.000.000 1.500.000 1.000.000 500.000 0 Traditional Non-Traditional 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Libraries and Self-Publishing How do we Discover Review Purchase Access Self-published ebooks?
Academics self-publish too 10034 views in 2 weeks
Libraries as Publishers? Open access journals & books Institutional Repositories Work directly with content creators Training and support for self-publishing
Purdue Study on Library Publishing March 2012 Survey of 43 academic libraries 55% have or are interested in publishing 90% launched to contribute to change in the scholarly publishing system
Publishers Short-term Owning Budgets Loans Patron Driven Local Access ebooks Consortia Hosting DRM Formats Self Publishing In Libraries Open Access Textbooks Accessibility Licensing OERs
Keeping Up? No Shelf Required www.noshelfrequired.com Teleread www.teleread.org INFOdocket www.infodocket.com ebooknewser - www.mediabistro.com/ebooknewser/ The Digital Reader - www.the-digital-reader.com/ Go-to-hellman - go-to-hellman.blogspot.com ALA TechSource blog - www.alatechsource.org/blog LJ/SLJ ebook Summit www.thedigitalshift.com
Questions? sue.polanka@ wright.edu Twitter @noshelfrequired noshelfrequired.com