RIT Scale Norms. For Use with Measures of Academic Progress. September, 2008

RIT Scale Norms For Use with Measures of Academic Progress September, 2008

ii NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Copyright 2008 Northwest Evaluation Association All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from NWEA. Northwest Evaluation Association 5885 SW Meadows Road, Suite 200 Lake Oswego, OR 97035-3256 www.nwea.org Tel 503-624-1951 Fax 503-639-7873 Email information@nwea.org

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms iii Contents Prologue... ix CHAPTER 1 Introduction... 1 CHAPTER 2 Procedures for Developing the Norms... 3 Sample Development...... 3 General Criteria for Inclusion of Candidate Test Event Records and Test Histories... 3 Test Event Samples for Norms...... 5 Development of Growth Norms..... 8 Reading, language usage, and mathematics...... 8 General science, science concepts and processes, and MAP-PG.... 12 CHAPTER 3 - Norming Samples Characteristics. 15 Geographic characteristics... 22 Ethnic characteristics... 25 CHAPTER 4 Grade Level Growth and Status Norms... 29 Grades 2 through 11 Standard MAP... 30 Grades Kindergarten and 1 MAP for Primary Grades... 38 CHAPTER 5 Growth by RIT Level.. 39 CHAPTER 6 Achievement Growth: Observed and Modeled.. 115 What do we gain (or lose) by modeling achievement growth rather than using observed difference scores?..... 117 Conclusions..... 123 References.... 125 APPENDIX A RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion Tables for Reading, Language Usage, Mathematics, Upper Level Mathematics, General Science Topics, and Science Concepts and Processes Beginning, Middle and End of Instructional Year... 127 Reading..... 128-133 Language... 134-139

iv NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Mathematics...... 140-145 General Science... 146-151 Science Concepts and Processes.... 152-157 Upper Level Mathematics... 158 APPENDIX B Transition from 2005 to 2008 Norms... 159

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms v Tables CHAPTER 2 Procedures for Developing the Norms... 3 Table 2.1: Target Cell Proportions for Reading, Language Usage, and Mathematics Status Norms Samples.... 7 Table 2.2: Median, Mean, and Standard Deviation (SD) of Instructional Weeks by Total Number of Test Events in Student Test Histories - Grade 4 MATHEMATICS - Initial RIT 202....... 12 CHAPTER 3 - Norming Samples Characteristics. 15 Table 3.1a: Candidate Test Record Pool Available for Beginning of Year Status Norms... 16 Table 3.1b: Candidate Test Record Pool Available for End of Year Status Norms... 16 Table 3.2a: Sample Sizes for Beginning of Year Status Norms by Subject and Grade Level... 17 Table 3.2b: Sample Sizes for End of Year Status Norms by Subject and Grade Level... 17 Table 3.3: Local School District Information from NCES Common Core of Data and from Status Norms Candidate Pool (Across Reading, Language Usage, and Mathematics) by District Locale Classification... 19 Table 3.4: Local Regular and Alternative School Information from NCES Common Core of Data and from Status Norms Samples (Across Reading, Language Usage, and Mathematics) by School Locale Classification... 20 Table 3.5: Title 1 Eligible Local Regular and Alternative Schools in the NCES Common Core of Data and in the Status Norms Candidate Pools (Across Reading, Language Usage, and Mathematics) by School Locale Classification... 21 Table 3.6: Free and Reduced Price Lunch Program Participation by Local Regular and Alternative Schools in the NCES Common Core of Data and in the Status Norms Candidate Pools (Across Reading, Language Usage, and Mathematics) by School Locale Classification... 22 Table 3.7: Number of Students in the Norming Sample by State by Grade and Across Subjects for Tests Taken in the Beginning of Year Time Frame of the 2006-2007 School Year.... 23 Table 3.8: Number of Students in the Norming Sample by State by Grade and Across Subjects for Tests Taken in the End of Year Time Frame of the 2006-2007 School Year..... 24

vi NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 3.9a: Sample Size (N), Sample Percentage of Ethnic Group Representation for READING and National School Age Percentages of Ethnic Group Representation by Grade Level... 26 Table 3.9b: Sample Size (N), Sample Percentage of Ethnic Group Representation for LANGUAGE USAGE and National School Age Percentages of Ethnic Group Representation by Grade Level... 26 Table 3.9c: Sample Size (N), Sample Percentage of Ethnic Group Representation for MATHEMATICS and National School Age Percentages of Ethnic Group Representation by Grade Level... 27 Table 3.9d: Sample Size (N), Sample Percentage of Ethnic Group Representation for GENERAL SCIENCE and National School Age Percentages of Ethnic Group Representation by Grade Level... 27 Table 3.9e: Sample Size (N), Sample Percentage of Ethnic Group Representation for SCIENCE CONCEPTS and PROCESSES and National School Age Percentages of Ethnic Group Representation by Grade Level 28 CHAPTER 4 Grade Level Growth and Status Norms.... 29 Table 4.1a: READING - Modeled Growth Means, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), Numbers of Students (N), and Mean Observed Initial RIT for Four Instructional Time Periods... 32 Table 4.1b: READING - Medians, Means, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Grade Level of Test Events Randomly Selected from Ethnicity and School Level Poverty Stratification Cells and Meeting the Beginning, Middle and End of Year Time Frame Criteria... 32 Table 4.1c: READING - Differences In Medians, Means and Numbers of Students Between Stratified Samples and the Student Candidate Pool as It Would Have Been Included Using the 2005 Norm Study Inclusion Criteria (Stratified Sample Minus Candidate Pool Values)... 32 Table 4.2a: LANGUAGE USAGE - Modeled Growth Means, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), Numbers of Students (N), and Mean Observed Initial RIT for Four Instructional Time Periods..... 33 Table 4.2b: LANGUAGE USAGE - Medians, Means, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Grade Level of Test Events Randomly Selected from Ethnicity and School Level Poverty Stratification Cells and Meeting the Beginning, Middle and End of Year Time Frame Criteria..... 33

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms vii Table 4.2c: LANGUAGE USAGE - Differences In Medians, Means and Numbers of Students Between Stratified Samples and the Student Candidate Pool as It Would Have Been Included Using the 2005 Norm Study Inclusion Criteria (Stratified Sample Minus Candidate Pool Values).... 33 Table 4.3a: MATHEMATICS - Modeled Growth Means, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), Numbers of Students (N), and Mean Observed Initial RIT for Four Instructional Time Periods...... 34 Table 4.3b: MATHEMATICS - Medians, Means, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Grade Level of Test Events Randomly Selected from Ethnicity and School Level Poverty Stratification Cells and Meeting the Beginning, Middle and End of Year Time Frame Criteria.... 34 Table 4.3c: MATHEMATICS - Differences In Medians, Means and Numbers of Students Between Stratified Samples and the Student Candidate Pool as It Would Have Been Included Using the 2005 Norm Study Inclusion Criteria (Stratified Sample Minus Candidate Pool Values).... 34 Table 4.4a: UPPER LEVEL MATHEMATICS - Medians, Means, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) for NWEA End-of-Course MATHEMATICS Tests from Within the End-of-Year Time Frame Criterion...... 35 Table 4.4b: UPPER LEVEL MATHEMATICS - Medians, Means, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) for NWEA End-of-Course MATHEMATICS Tests Included Under Same Criteria Used for the 2005 Norming Study..... 35 Table 4.5a: GENERAL SCIENCE TOPICS - Observed Growth Means, Standard Deviations (SD), Numbers of Students (N) in the Intact Group, Mean Initial RIT... 36 Table 4.5b: GENERAL SCIENCE TOPICS - Medians, Means, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Grade Level and Part of the Year... 36 Table 4.6a: SCIENCE CONCEPTS AND PROCESSES - Observed Growth Means, Standard Deviations (SD), Numbers of Students (N) in the Intact Group, Mean Initial RIT... 37 Table 4.6b: SCIENCE CONCEPTS AND PROCESSES - Medians, Means, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Grade Level and Part of the Year... 37

viii NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 4.7: Observed Fall to Spring Growth Means, Standard Deviations (SD), Numbers of Students (N) and Mean Initial RITs For Primary Grade Students... 38 Table 4.8: Primary Grade - Medians, Means, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Grade Level and Part of the Year..... 38 CHAPTER 5 Growth by RIT Level... 39 Tables 5.1 5.9: READING Grades 2-10 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals..... 42-59 Tables 5.10 5.18: LANGUAGE USAGE Grades 2-10 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals... 60-77 Tables 5.19 5.27: MATHEMATICS Grades 2-10 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals.... 78-95 Tables 5.28 5.36: GENERAL SCIENCE TOPICS - Grades 2-10 Term-to-Term Mean Growth, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Starting RIT... 96-104 Tables 5.37 5.45: SCIENCE CONCEPTS and PROCESSES - Grades 2 Term-to-Term Mean Growth, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Starting RIT... 105-113

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms ix Prologue We were asked recently why the RIT Scale Norms are updated so often. Implied in the question was that five norming studies from 1996 through 2008 seems like a lot. Every three years is certainly a shorter norming study cycle than we observe for other major achievement tests. However, in view of how these norms are used, we believe that at least two factors argue for a three-year cycle. First, the population of schools and school districts using NWEA assessment changes rapidly, both in number and composition. For example, in the 2002 study there were 322 districts from 24 states represented. This was roughly a third of the districts using NWEA assessments at that time. Three years later, 794 districts from 32 states were included in the study. While the number of districts was still about a third of all NWEA affiliated districts, the districts were more diverse in size and geography than the collection of districts from 2002. Conducting norming studies every three years allows such changes to be represented sooner, thus making the norms more representative of the population of NWEA affiliated districts. Second, over a three-year period a large amount of data accumulates and can be merged with similar existing data. This affords opportunities to use supplemental sampling procedures to better reflect the makeup of the U.S. school-age population. The abundance of individual student test histories also allows growth norms to be created that are more informative, more stable, and able to confidently project student growth beyond a single academic year. Each three-year period seems to uncover at least one new procedure to improve the quality of norms-based references for NWEA assessments. Like the previous three norming studies, this study expands the sample base and range of content of its predecessor and introduces a few new procedures. It differs from the 2005 study in that: It includes data from 6,905 schools located in 1,123 districts in 42 states. This represents increases of 23%, 41% and 31% of the number of schools, districts and states, respectively. Its candidate pool of test records came from over 2.9 million students, compared to 2.3 million students in 2005. It is based entirely on results from Measures of Academic Progress (MAP), compared to 77% in 2005. It provides status and growth norms in reading and mathematics for early primary grades students (kindergarten through beginning of grade 2). The assessments administered for these norms, MAP for Primary Grades (MAP-PG), did not exist in 2005.

x NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms It provides grade level growth norms as well as limited RIT point growth norms for general science topics and science concepts and processes. These were not part of the 2005 norms. It uses stratified sampling for grades 2-11 reading, language usage and mathematics status norms to mirror the U.S. school age population on the variables of ethnicity and school percentage of student eligibility for free and reduced price lunch. It incorporates information from school and district calendars to inform the estimates of achievement status and growth for reading, language usage, and mathematics in grades 2-11. Achievement growth in these areas for these grades is modeled as a function of instructional weeks. It provides the ability to set achievement growth projections (targets) and to evaluate growth in grades 2-11 reading, language usage, and mathematics based on the number of instructional weeks over time periods that can extend well beyond a single school year. One thing that should be emphasized is that this norming study does not change the NWEA measurement scales in any way. The skills possessed by a student with a RIT score of 210 three, six, or even nine years ago are exactly the same as the skills possessed by a student achieving that score today. It is that constancy of the scales that allows us to measure growth, and to compare student performance across time. As you move to the new norms, how your students achievement is measured or how their growth is determined is not changing. What is changing is simply the norms used for student comparisons. In order to make this transition as smooth as possible, we have prepared a description of the major differences between the 2005 and this study that merit attention. This description appears in Appendix B. Finally, this study required data - a great deal of data. These data were retrieved from the NWEA Growth Research Database (GRD). However, we clearly recognize that it is the trust and commitment of NWEA educational partners that allows the GRD to grow and flourish, and to return the benefits of research findings to the larger educational community. We are very thankful for this trust and commitment and pledge to do our best to be worthy of them in the future. Carl Hauser, PhD G. Gage Kingsbury, PhD September, 2008

CHAPTER 1 Introduction Most NWEA assessments that provide estimates of student achievement share a common characteristic: each provides an estimate of a student s position on an underlying, unidimensional scale of achievement called a RIT scale. The exceptions are the skills tests associated with the NWEA primary grades assessments. While it is common to refer to the RIT scale it is important to understand that there are five separate RIT scales in use, one each for the content domains of reading, language usage, mathematics, general science topics, and science concepts and processes. Each scale was developed using modern measurement theory in the forms of item response theory and the Rasch model, in particular. The scales were developed independent of grade level structure and therefore do not rely on student grade level for their meaning. Each scale uses RITs as a common metric to convey the domain s continuum of content difficulty (from the most basic and simple to very advanced and complex) as well as the student s position with respect to that content (i.e., achievement level). This allows scores to be interpreted in terms of instructional content: what the student grasps well, what the student is in the process of learning, and what the student has not yet reached. The grade level independence of RIT scales allows these determinations to be domain-centric; a particular score on one of the scales carries essentially the same meaning in terms of the student s status within the domain regardless of the student s grade level. Ingebo (1997) demonstrated how these scales each serve as a constant against which achievement status and growth can be judged. When taken in concert, these features establish a rich environment for the sensitive measurement of achievement status and growth along a continuum of instruction within a domain. A fundamental question asked of any test result is, What does it mean? Of course the answer is not always as straightforward as the question itself. The meaning of a test score is defined by the real-world references to which the score is linked. Assessments based on RIT scales allow direct references to curricular content and content standards. They also allow the comparison of a student s position to predefined performance standards. While such references are often sufficient for launching instruction, schools and school districts may need to reference local student performance against a larger population of students. The NWEA RIT Scale Norms grew out of this need. By describing how students from many schools performed when measured on NWEA assessments, schools and districts will have reasonable ways to compare a single student, a school or the entire district to that of a much larger, meaningful group a norm sample. This document provides this type of information.

2 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Norming studies carried out by many test publishers often follow a common pattern. A single test or perhaps several parallel forms of a single test are administered to and scaled using samples of students from a selected population. A key outcome of these studies is often a set of auxiliary scores such as percentile ranks or normal curve equivalent (NCE) scores. When parallel forms are involved, these auxiliary scores apply to the reference test as well as its parallel versions. Norms developed in this manner might be referred to as test or form-centric. That is, the test or test form and the scale on which performance is reported are inextricably linked; scale score references apply only to the reference test form and its associated parallel forms. NWEA uses a somewhat different approach. All of the tests used in this study were Measures of Academic Progress (MAP) assessments. All tests were built by NWEA staff and are similar in length and content within a domain. However, unlike traditional tests, each student is administered a test with items chosen for the student as the test progresses. Individual tests are constructed by selecting items from banks of Raschcalibrated items. As a student proceeds through a test, the difficulty of items presented is adapted to the student s level of performance on all previous items. This has the effect of maximizing the information in the test score. Since each test item has been calibrated to the same scale using item response theory, scores from different tests in the same domain can be interpreted in the same manner; all test scores refer to the same underlying scale. Therefore, this document describes norms related to scales of measurement rather than norms related to an individual test or set of test forms. The resulting set of norms is independent of the specific content of any particular test. Updates to test content can be made with the confidence that percentile ranks, and status and growth norms, will still be useful after the update. A discussion of measurement aspects of MAP assessments is included in the Technical Manual for the NWEA Measures of Academic Progress (NWEA, 2008).

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 3 CHAPTER 2 Procedures for Developing the Norms Sample Development General Criteria for Inclusion of Candidate Test Event Records and Test Histories Grades 2 through 11 Standard MAP. Test event records from all NWEA MAP test events that had been administered as part of a school or school district sponsored testing program in fall 2002 through fall 2007 were considered as candidates for inclusion in the study. The content domains for these tests included reading, language usage, mathematics, science concepts and processes, and general science topics. All tests were built around a multi-goal structure that was based on a set of content standards. In most instances, the content standards from the state in which the test was to be administered were used to structure the test s content. Mathematics test content was partitioned into blocks that were bounded by the content specifications of multiple grades. The objectives and skills that defined these boundaries were those provided in the state s content specifications for grades 2 through 5 and for grades 6 and above. When a student s instruction fell outside this basic structure, other MAP tests were used (such as MAP for primary grades tests and upper level mathematics tests. In order to be included in the candidate pool for the study, each test record from a standard MAP test was required to meet all of several conditions. These conditions were imposed to ensure that test scores were valid and could be associated with segments of the U.S. school age population in terms of ethnic background and school level poverty. The conditions also ensured that the test events could be tied to the amount of instructional time that had elapsed from the beginning of the school year or from the last test event for the student prior to taking the test of interest. The specific criteria required that each standard MAP test record included data to verify that the test event: Represented a complete, normally terminated test administration Was one for which at least 40% of the items were answered correctly a fairly liberal lower limit for computerized adaptive tests Came from a school for which the 2006-2007 instructional calendar was known Came from a school which administered the MAP tests to at least 80% of its students who were in the same grade in the same testing time frame (term)

4 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Came from a school that was included in the National Center for Education Statistics 2005 Common Core of Data and had non-missing school level information concerning the number of students who were eligible to receive free and reduced priced lunches Came from a school where the specific MAP test was not part of the school s first term of administering the test Was the more precise (lower standard error of measurement) of two test events in the same domain area that were administered within a three-week period of one another Included the student s ethnic code on the test event record. Early primary grades. MAP test events from the early primary grades test, MAP-PG, were included in the study using different criteria than those used for standard MAP tests. Different criteria were used for several reasons. Initially, there were many fewer test events available for inclusion; MAP-PG only had adequate numbers of test events from fall 2006 through spring 2007. Given this limited time frame, the necessity of district calendar information became moot. MAP-PG tests also involve different test administration procedures than standard MAP tests. Tests in each domain (reading and mathematics) are administered in two 30-item parts to accommodate younger students attention levels. Due to the two-part nature of the tests, procedures used for calculating the overall score for the domain in MAP-PG tests are somewhat different than those used for standard MAP tests. For a standard MAP test, domain scores can be made available immediately after the student has responded to the last item. For the MAP-PG tests, only the partial-domain score can be made available since only half the goal areas in the domain are sampled in a single test. To compute the RIT score for the entire domain (referred to as the combined score ), both partial-domain tests must be completed within 28 days of one another. A separate scoring process is then used to combine the response vectors from each partial test to score them as a single test. The resulting total score is different than a simple average of the two partial domain scores except in the special case of when a student correctly answers exactly 50% of the items on each of the two partial-domain tests. Only entire domain RIT scores are used in this study. The conditions set for standard MAP test events were relaxed for MAP-PG tests. Criteria for including MAP-PG test events were simply that the event: Represent a complete (both parts with a single score), normally terminated test administration Be one for which at least 35% of the items were answered correctly Come from a school which administered the same test to at least 80% of its students who were in the same grade in the same testing time frame (term)

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 5 Was the more precise (lower standard error of measurement) of two test events in the same domain area that were administered within a three-week period of one another All MAP-PG test records that met these criteria from fall 2006, winter 2007, and spring 2007 were included in the study. Test Event Samples for Norms Reading, language usage, and mathematics from standard MAP Grades 2-11. Test event samples were created using a two-stage process. The first stage involved using school district calendar information to make estimates of instructional time that had elapsed between the start of a school year and a test event or between two test events. In the second stage, student ethnic background information and their school s reported level of free and reduced price lunch eligibility were used to stratify the samples in proportion to the U.S. school age population. This stratification was only applied to the creation of status norms. Growth norms used all test events that met the general criteria cited above and were one of at least three test events for the same student in the same content domain. Estimates of instructional days. Instructional time was an essential element in the creation of both status norms and growth norms for students who were administered standard MAP in grades 2 through 11. The initial unit of time was an instructional day. Each district s unique calendar for the 2006-2007 academic year served as an anchor. Individual district (or school) calendar information was extracted from data provided from Mountain Measurement, Inc. and the Rentrak Corporation. This information was most frequently collected using personal interviews of district level personnel. For each district, the first day of the school year, the last day of the school year, and each week day between these two days for which no instruction was provided were identified. Days that represented unanticipated instructional or non-instructional days (e.g. school closure for an emergency) were not captured. All schools in the district were assigned the resulting schedule unless they were identified as operating on a known alternative schedule. In those cases the alternative schedule was assigned to the school. The process for identifying alternative schedules was inconsistent and is a known source of variability in the instructional time data. While we suspect that the magnitude of this variability is comparatively small, a formal estimate of its true magnitude was not done and therefore represents a limitation in this study. Each district s (or school s) base calendar data were used to extrapolate school calendars for preceding school years, back to the fall of 2002. This was carried out under the assumption that the pattern of instructional and non-instructional days within an academic year would be relatively stable from year to year. Instructional days were numbered sequentially by date for each district beginning with the first instructional day in fall of the 2002-2003 academic year and ending with the

6 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms last instructional day in November 2007. The resulting vector of numbered instructional dates was referenced by test administration date to index the number of instructional days between test events at the individual student level. These intervals were converted to weeks to make interpretation easier. Using the instructional days data, time frames for beginning of year tests, middle of year tests, and end of year tests were established. All test events that met the initial selection criteria and were from 2006 and 2007 were used. The variable of interest here was the number of instructional days that had elapsed from the first day of the school year for the student test taker until the day the student took the test of interest. The mean and variance of this variable were calculated for each grade level in each content area and in each of the commonly used nominal testing seasons: fall, winter, and spring. Results of these calculations were used to establish assessment time frame criteria. The centers of these time frames were roughly 20 days, 89 days, and 153 days from the beginning of the academic year of the student s school for the fall, winter, and spring terms respectively. A 1.25 standard deviation band placed around these means resulted in approximately 79% of the test events in each season being included in an interval which ranged from 5.4 to 6.0 instructional weeks, depending on season, content area and grade level. These time frames were considerably narrower than those used in previous NWEA norms studies, but were considered sufficiently wide to represent schools most commonly used testing periods. Each test event included in the status norms was included in one of the three time frames. Test events falling outside their criterion time frame (based on season, content area, and grade level) were excluded from consideration in the status norms. Stratification. The second part to creating status norms samples used the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) Common Core of Data Public School Universe (CCD-PSU) 2006 dataset. The CCD-PSU was queried across schools by grade level to determine: a) which third of the grade level distribution of student free and reduced price lunch eligibility each school-grade combination fell into; and b) the school s 2005-2006 enrollment in each of five ethnic groups (Native American, African American, Asian, Hispanic, and European American [Caucasian]). The combination of these variables formed a 15 cell (3-FRL X 5-ethnic groups) matrix at each grade, 2 through 11. These matrices were used to determine the cell proportions of test events at each grade level that would comprise the sample for the status norms. The resulting cell proportions are given in Table 2.1. Each test event included in the status norms was included in one of these cells.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 7 Table 2.1 Target Cell Proportions for Reading, Language Usage, and Mathematics Status Norms Samples Grade 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Low Free/Reduced Lunch Percent (0-33%) Native American 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021 0.0022 0.0023 0.0026 0.0026 0.0031 0.0033 0.0032 Asian 0.0225 0.0229 0.0229 0.0223 0.0215 0.0209 0.0209 0.0210 0.0234 0.0256 African American 0.0225 0.0232 0.0235 0.0241 0.0259 0.0269 0.0267 0.0338 0.0333 0.0322 Hispanic 0.0316 0.0314 0.0310 0.0311 0.0326 0.0340 0.0332 0.0388 0.0387 0.0367 European American 0.2748 0.2785 0.2845 0.2857 0.2919 0.3026 0.3091 0.3144 0.3486 0.3694 Medium Free/Reduced Lunch Percent (34-66%) Native American 0.0040 0.0041 0.0042 0.0043 0.0040 0.0043 0.0044 0.0038 0.0035 0.0035 Asian 0.0115 0.0118 0.0119 0.0117 0.0117 0.0124 0.0122 0.0115 0.0124 0.0133 African American 0.0447 0.0451 0.0450 0.0462 0.0503 0.0528 0.0519 0.0599 0.0554 0.0516 Hispanic 0.0517 0.0513 0.0501 0.0500 0.0506 0.0548 0.0529 0.0556 0.0525 0.0483 European American 0.1998 0.2002 0.2025 0.2048 0.2006 0.2014 0.2044 0.1845 0.1857 0.1916 High Free/Reduced Lunch Percent (67-100%) Native American 0.0057 0.0055 0.0055 0.0054 0.0057 0.0053 0.0053 0.0054 0.0050 0.0048 Asian 0.0119 0.0121 0.0123 0.0122 0.0119 0.0108 0.0109 0.0099 0.0103 0.0104 African American 0.1053 0.1045 0.1021 0.1030 0.1020 0.1007 0.0980 0.0930 0.0795 0.0712 Hispanic 0.1338 0.1308 0.1266 0.1237 0.1156 0.1047 0.1005 0.0989 0.0856 0.0747 European American 0.0781 0.0766 0.0758 0.0734 0.0734 0.0659 0.0672 0.0665 0.0628 0.0635 Final sampling was carried out at each combination of the school year part (i.e., beginning, middle, and end to replace fall, winter, and spring, respectively), content area, and grade level. For each cell, j, in a grade, g, the ratio of the target proportion, p t.j, (from Table 1) to the corresponding observed proportion, p obs, (from the candidate pool of test events) was calculated. The cell resulting in the maximum ratio across all cells in the grade was taken as the reference cell for the grade, j. ref. The observed number of test events, n j.ref, in j. ref, was divided by the reference cell target proportion,., to determine the grade level sample size, N g :. /.. For example, at the beginning of the year in grade 2 reading, the maximum ratio across cells was found in the cell defined by Asian students in the high category of percentage of free and reduced lunch eligibility. The maximum ratio was 4.37 and the number of test events in this cell was 456.. for this cell was 1.18859. Therefore,

8 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms... 38365. The sample size for each cell in the grade, n j, was then determined simply by. 38365. General science and science concepts and processes. Samples for general science and science concepts and processes were drawn from the fall and spring testing seasons of 2006 and 2007. Test events included were only required to meet the general criteria for inclusion listed above and the time frame criterion. All of these test events were used for status norms. Stratification based on ethnic background and school level percentage of free and reduced priced lunch eligibility was not a part of the selection strategy for status norms. The candidate pool size and structure could not support this procedure. Development of Growth Norms As was the case for the development of status norms, the structure of data available for samples varied according to how the test was delivered (Standard MAP or MAP-PG) and the content area involved. Reading, language usage, and mathematics tests taken in standard MAP were the only test events that were part of individual student test histories extending back to fall 2002. General science and science concepts and processes test events extended back as far as the fall 2004 testing season. MAP-PG used only test events from the 2006-2007 school year. It is important to note that the unit of time used in estimating growth in early primary grades and in science was the testing season while it was instructional weeks for reading, language usage, and mathematics in grades 2 through 10. Reading, language usage, and mathematics. Test events were included in samples for growth norms when they met all of the general criteria for inclusion in the study and were one of at least three test events in a student s test history in the same content domain. Samples were formed from these test histories at each grade level, where the grade level identifying the test history was always the grade level of the first test event in the test history or a part of the test history. Individual test histories were parceled out in two ways. First, a test event that took place in the first half of the school year was allowed to be the first test event in a test history represented at a grade level as long as at least two test events from the same student followed it. This same form of parceling was done for test events that took place in the second half of the school year. The result of these two procedures resulted in a great deal of overlap of parts of test histories across the span of the content area. An example of how a portion of this overlap may look is provided in Figure 2.1. Shown in Figure 2.1 are four hypothetical test histories from students A through D. Test events are represented as dots. Student A s history could be used in beginning-of-year and end-of-year grade

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 9 level growth norms for grades 4-7. Student B s history could only be used for the end-of-year grade level growth norms for grades 6 and 7. Similarly, the test histories for students C and D could only be used in beginning-of-grade growth norms for grades 6 and 9, respectively. Stated slightly differently, the inclusion of a test history or a portion of a test history in grade level growth norms was based only on when in the school year (beginning or end) the first test event occurred and how many test events followed it; the particular academic year of the test event was irrelevant. Academic Year Instructional weeks 2006-07 2005-06 2004-05 B D 2003-04 A C 2002-03 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Figure 2.1. Hypothetical test histories. Grade Level Growth estimates. Different methods were used to estimate growth. The method used was dictated by the data available. For reading, language usage, and mathematics test events that came from standard MAP tests, a growth modeling approach was used in order to take advantage of the longitudinal nature of the data. For general science and science concepts and processes as well as for MAP-PG, the method used in the 2005 norming study was used; the difference in observed RIT scores was used as the best available estimate for achievement growth. For reading, language usage, and mathematics, achievement was modeled as a function of instructional time. Only simple, unconditional linear and quadratic multilevel growth models were used (Raudenbush & Bryk, 2002; Singer & Willett, 2003). These models took their customary forms, specifically: Level 1: Level 2:,

10 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms for the linear model, and Level 1: Level 2:,, for the quadratic model. In these models, Level 1 contains all test events, t, making up the test history for individual student, i, as well as the measurement error,, the difference between the growth trajectory and the observed score for test event t. Each test history is nested in a student at Level 2. represents the number of instructional weeks that a test event, t, is from the beginning of the test history or test history segment that is being used. The π 0i parameter represents the initial level of achievement and the remaining π s represent the change in Y that is associated with each unit change in W. The terms,, and are the means of the intercept, and the linear and quadratic change parameters, respectively. The r s are the random effects associated with a particular student in the estimation of their respective growth parameter, π. Growth estimates were calculated for each grade level in a content area using both the linear and the quadratic models cited above. For these estimates at each grade, the first test event for a student that occurred in the target grade and all subsequent test events for the student were used. The same procedure was repeated using the last test event for a student that occurred in the target grade as the initial reference. Growth estimates were also calculated for successive starting RIT values across the achievement range for each grade. This involved an iterative process within the grade level. Each iteration included the following steps: 1. Select all test histories (or partial histories) where the initial RIT was in a specific five-point range. The middle value in this range is taken as the reported value. 2. Calculate both the linear and the quadratic growth models (as defined above) on the selected test histories, when the grade level was below 9; for grades 9 and 10, calculate only the linear model. 3. For grade levels below 9, capture the parameter estimates for both models as well as the significance tests, supporting each parameter s inclusion in the model.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 11 4. For grade levels below 9, determine if there is an instructional week value, W, that will yield Y ti(l) = Y ti(q). If so, capture that value and assign it to the variable cross-over-point (XOP). 5. Increment by 1 RIT the last five-point range used and repeat steps 1 through 4 until all test histories are exhausted or there are insufficient data for stable estimates. A typical summary of steps 1 through 4 is depicted in Figure 2.2. The figure shows the linear and the quadratic growth models for more than 18,000 grade 4 students. All students began their 4 th grade year at RIT levels of 200 though 204 (202 reported). All students had at least three test events in the portion of their test history that began at the beginning of their 4 th grade year. The value for XOP was approximately 97 instructional weeks. Approximately 56% of the test records used to model growth in Figure 2.2 had 3 to 5 test events. The number of test events that was most commonly associated with XOP was 6-7. Test records that had test events occurring beyond XOP represented about 20% of the total. The instructional-weeks distribution is shown by the number of test occasions in Table 2.2. 35 Grade 4 Mathematics - Initial RIT = 202 30 25 Growth 20 15 10 5 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Instructional Weeks Figure 2.2. Typical summary of a single iteration in the model estimation process. The decision of which model to use for each initial RIT in the analyses for grades 2 through 8 was made in a straightforward manner. When the coefficient,, for the quadratic term resulted in a value where its test of significance was t > 2, the quadratic model was used; otherwise the linear

12 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms model was used. This decision led to modeled growth estimates that were more consistent (than linear models ) with observed growth estimates for instructional-week time periods corresponding to common term-to-term growth. When an XOP had been identified and W > XOP, the growth estimate was determined by averaging the corresponding estimates from the linear and the quadratic models. In Figure 1.2, this is represented as a dashed line. This was done to mitigate the uncertainty of model selection with increasingly sparse numbers of test events that occurred further away from the initial test event. Table 2.2 Median, Mean, and Standard Deviation (SD) of Instructional Weeks by Total Number of Test Events in Student Test Histories - Grade 4 MATHEMATICS - Initial RIT 202 Test Events Instructional Weeks Median Mean SD N Students Percent Students 3 35 37.3 14.50 23,005 24.6 4 38 49.9 19.92 17,365 18.6 5 71 75.1 18.75 12,752 13.6 6 75 87.3 25.80 10,218 10.9 7 103 98.8 24.37 12,143 13.0 8 130 125.6 21.26 5,396 5.8 9 138 132.1 21.00 6,197 6.6 10 144 141.9 26.07 3,335 3.6 11 169 160.7 18.14 1,755 1.9 12 146 152.2 15.26 763 0.8 13 153 159.2 15.90 382 0.4 14 169 169.2 9.81 151 0.2 15 176 173.6 4.59 46 0.0 16 178 176.9 6.61 30 0.0 General science, science concepts and processes, and MAP-PG. The inclusion of test events was carried out following essentially the same procedures as for reading, language usage, and mathematics using MAP tests. There were, however, two exceptions: 1) the testing season structure of test events was used rather than beginning of year vs. end of year structure, and 2) a test event for a student was only required to be followed by a second test event in the same domain with at least one test season separating the two events rather than requiring the first test event in a test history or history segment to be followed by at least two additional test events.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 13 Growth estimates. For the two science areas, only the term in which a student took a test and the student s grade in that term were used to organize growth calculations; the year in which the student was in the grade was dropped from consideration. Therefore, if two students had spring grade 4 tests, but one test was taken in spring 2005 and the other was spring 2007, and both students had test scores in the same content area from the previous fall, both would have been included in the fall-to-spring growth estimates. Fall to spring, fall to fall, spring to spring, and spring to fall growth estimates were calculated in both areas. For each comparison, the growth estimate was determined by subtracting the first observed score from the second observed score. All growth estimates are based on intact sub-samples of students (students who had both test scores). As a result, it is reasonable to expect the grade level growth estimates to differ somewhat from differences in grade level mean scores from the total sample. The nature of these differences varies. As a step toward detailing these differences, tables reporting growth include the mean initial RIT score for students in each intact group involved in the comparison. These procedures were also used for the MAP-PG test events, except that all test events came from the 2006-2007 academic year.

14 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 15 CHAPTER 3 Norming Samples Characteristics The study utilized several samples of student test records. The largest samples for status norms were drawn from a pool of candidate records of reading, language usage, and mathematics tests administered in standard MAP to students in grades 2 through 11. This candidate pool consisted of 2,914,096 individual students from 6,905 schools in 1,123 districts located in 42 states. All test events in this pool met all the general criteria for inclusion in the study. The vast majority (93%) of these students tested in two or more content areas. Methods for assembling these samples were presented in the previous chapter. Samples to estimate growth in reading, language usage, and mathematics from standard MAP tests were comprised of test events that met all the general criteria for inclusion. Further sampling was not carried out. These samples included test records from 2,242,544 students who had taken a minimum of three tests in a content area. These students attended 6,752 of the 6,905 schools contributing to the status samples. Across all three content areas, these students completed 28,183,770 test events. The average numbers of test events in student test histories in each content area were about six in grades 2 through 5, five in grade 6, and four in grades 7 through 9. Nearly twice as many students had test histories in reading and mathematics as in language usage. Alternative methods were used for creating samples for science and primary grades reading and mathematics. Test records from students in grades 2 through 10 who took general science and science concepts and processes in the falls and springs of 2006 and 2007 were used if their test events met the general criteria for inclusion. Further sampling was not carried out. Growth in science was estimated from the test events of 299,085 individual students from 1,348 schools in 346 districts located in 34 states. In both content areas (general science and science concepts and processes) these students completed 1,677,988 test events. For MAP-PG, samples for status norms were formed from the candidate pool as described in the previous chapter. Further sampling was not carried out. In primary grade reading and mathematics, fall-to-spring growth was estimated for 17,551 students in kindergarten and grade 1. These students came from 151 school districts located in 28 states. The sizes of the candidate pool at each grade level for all content areas are presented in Tables 3.1a and 3.1b for beginning of the year tests and end of the year tests, respectively. Corresponding sample sizes created at each grade level and for all content areas appear in Tables 3.2a and 3.2b.

16 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 3.1a Candidate Test Record Pool Available for Beginning of Year Status Norms* Language Grade Reading Usage Mathematics K 3,999 4,440 1 15,505 14,275 2 167,757 91,096 205,801 3 305,540 155,290 320,734 4 311,805 161,613 317,539 5 323,366 168,010 319,133 6 327,884 170,414 312,538 7 342,969 172,145 323,785 8 346,966 179,435 329,286 9 190,845 102,593 181,754 10 106,300 54,378 96,114 11 22,257 14,333 21,880 General Science Science Concepts & Processes 3,966 4,289 16,653 17,503 19,805 17,887 22,420 20,497 24,285 20,692 35,703 29,976 36,952 31,852 11,346 10,656 5,343 4,655 Totals 2,445,689 1,269,307 2,428,564 176,473 158,007 * Candidate records were those that met all selection criteria, including being in the beginning of year time frame defined for the grade level and subject. Table 3.1b Candidate Test Record Pool Available for End of Year Status Norms* Language Grade Reading Usage Mathematics K 15,851 15,849 1 25,402 23,672 2 232,326 132,141 242,033 3 319,372 176,522 310,666 4 324,759 182,185 310,033 5 332,430 184,436 314,765 6 333,000 178,284 314,040 7 330,006 175,038 312,013 8 297,053 158,754 306,288 9 152,796 85,637 159,623 10 77,070 40,663 76,915 11 15,858 11,138 15,264 General Science Science Concepts & Processes 6,161 5,470 17,319 22,441 17,677 26,727 20,434 20,111 20,271 19,207 18,053 17,357 33,477 28,972 4,538 6,276 2,243 2,050 Totals 2,414,670 1,324,798 2,361,640 140,173 148,611 * Candidate records were those that met all selection criteria, including being in the end of year time frame defined for the grade level and subject.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 17 Table 3.2a Sample Sizes for Beginning of Year Status Norms by Subject and Grade Level Language Grade Reading Usage Mathematics K 3,999 4,440 1 15,505 14,275 2 38,365 14,385 47,704 3 93,953 20,623 106,078 4 104,121 26,988 109,825 5 114,500 28,806 118,919 6 125,034 35,916 135,774 7 114,154 38,950 118,711 8 120,863 37,528 120,589 9 42,237 11,922 33,649 10 19,622 6,413 17,872 11 5,986 2,925 4,239 General Science Science Concepts & Processes 3,966 4,289 16,653 17,503 19,805 17,887 22,420 20,497 24,285 20,692 35,703 29,976 36,952 31,852 11,346 10,656 5,343 4,655 Totals 778,835 224,456 813,360 176,473 158,007 Table 3.2b Sample Sizes for End of Year Status Norms by Subject and Grade Level Grade Reading Language Usage Mathematics General Science Science Concepts & Processes K 15,851 15,849 1 25,402 23,672 2 56,704 17,078 58,135 6,161 5,470 3 102,037 22,520 101,543 17,319 22,441 4 108,033 27,639 100,778 17,677 26,727 5 119,246 25,044 111,962 20,434 20,111 6 118,376 37,175 112,027 20,271 19,207 7 105,117 35,788 104,580 18,053 17,357 8 95,185 34,493 113,872 33,477 28,972 9 37,892 8,791 48,425 4,538 6,276 10 19,154 1,942 19,784 2,243 2,050 11 1,503 1,461 1,982 Totals 763,247 211,931 773,088 140,173 148,611

18 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Tables 3.3 through 3.6 provide additional demographic information about the samples used for determining status norms for reading, language usage, and mathematics in grades 2 through 11. These tables are broken out by the organizational entity s (i.e. district or school) locale classification. They compare information about district or school level variables between the status norms samples and the National Center for Education Statistics Common Core of Data (NCES- CCD). The data presented for status norms samples were compiled after the stratified sampling process. Table 3.3 compares the NCES-CCD and the status norms sample in terms of the numbers and percentages of districts present in each locale category. The average enrollment in each locale category is presented. The table shows that the districts represented in the norming sample were generally close in percentage terms to the NCES-CCD set. Notable differences were in the overrepresentation in the norms sample of districts in large and midsize cities, in fringe of large cites, and in small towns. The norms sample under-represented school districts in rural areas. In terms of enrollment, those districts in the norms sample located in large cities had more than twice the average enrollment than corresponding districts from the NCES-CCD set. In all other locale classifications, except midsize cities, the average enrollment of districts represented in the norming sample was slightly larger than districts in the NCES-CCD set. Corresponding information at the school level is presented in Table 3.4. Table 3.4 shows that the percentage of schools represented in the norming sample in each locale classification is generally consistent with the corresponding percentages in the NCES-CCD set. The notable exception is in the large city locale classification where the percentage of schools in the norming sample was less than half the percentage of schools in the NCES-CCD set. The proportional representations of Title 1 eligible schools in the norming sample and in the NCES- CCD set are provided in Table 3.5. Differences in percentages between locale classifications showed no consistent differences in size or direction. Average enrollment in Title 1 eligible schools in the norming sample in larger and midsize cities in metropolitan areas was generally lower than Title 1 eligible schools in the NCES-CCD set. In other locale classifications, average enrollments were comparable. Table 3.6 compares the percentages of Federal Free and Reduced Priced Lunch Program (FRPL) participation of schools represented in the norming study and those in the NCES-CCD set, again by locale classification. With the exception of the urban fringe of midsize city classification, FRPL participation of schools represented in the norming sample was generally slightly lower than in the NCES-CCD set.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 19 Table 3.3 Local School District Information from NCES Common Core of Data and from Status Norms Candidate Pool (Across Reading, Language Usage, and Mathematics) by District Locale Classification Districts Represented in Status Norms Sample Districts Represented in NCES Common Core of Data* Locale classification Number of districts Percentage of districts Average enrollment Number of districts Percentage of districts Average enrollment Unknown 81 6.7 5,258 927 6.4 1,811 Large City >= 250,000 40 3.3 132,554 250 1.7 62,631 Midsize < 250,000 principal city of a metropolitan core 74 6.1 12,344 566 3.9 12,858 Urban fringe of a large city 231 19.0 10,709 2,247 15.5 7,103 Urban fringe of a midsize city 109 9.0 8,053 1,348 9.3 5,058 Large town 10 0.8 5,555 105 0.7 4,907 Small town 167 13.8 2,590 1,535 10.6 2,268 Rural, outside of a metropolitan and micropolitan cores 313 25.8 1,087 5,056 34.8 801 Rural, inside a metropolitan core 189 15.6 2,719 2,502 17.2 1,815 * Source: National Center for Education Statistics Common Core of Data - Local Education Agency Universe Dataset for 2005-2006.

20 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 3.4 Local Regular and Alternative School Information from NCES Common Core of Data and from Status Norms Samples (Across Reading, Language Usage, and Mathematics) by School Locale Classification Schools Represented in Status Norms Sample Schools Represented in NCES Common Core of Data* Locale classification Number of schools Percentage of schools Average enrollment Number of schools Percentage of schools Average enrollment Unknown 0 0.0 1,743 1.8 392.3 Large City >= 250,000 352 5.2 556 11,598 12.3 639.8 Midsize < 250,000 principal city of a metropolitan core 1,003 14.9 545 12,322 13.0 599.8 Urban fringe of a large city 1,630 24.2 601 20,403 21.6 688.3 Urban fringe of a midsize city 716 10.6 591 10,046 10.6 582.3 Large town 87 1.3 481 997 1.1 494.1 Small town 786 11.7 454 8,168 8.6 435.8 Rural, outside of a metropolitan and micropolitan cores 1,084 16.1 307 16,579 17.5 268.5 Rural, inside a metropolitan core 1,066 15.9 489 12,640 13.4 488.9 * Source: National Center for Education Statistics Common Core of Data - Public School Universe Dataset for 2005-2006.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 21 Table 3.5 Title 1 Eligible Local Regular and Alternative Schools in the NCES Common Core of Data and in the Status Norms Candidate Pools (Across Reading, Language Usage, and Mathematics) by School Locale Classification Schools Represented in Status Norms Sample Schools Represented in NCES Common Core of Data* Locale classification Schools reporting Percentage Title 1 Average Enrollment Title 1 Schools reporting Percentage Title 1 Average Enrollment Title 1 Unknown 0 0.0. 1,743 84.7 374.4 Large City >= 250,000 Midsize < 250,000 principal city of a metropolitan core Urban fringe of a large city Urban fringe of a midsize city 357 67.0 502.6 11,580 71.4 614.5 1,010 57.7 468.2 12,261 56.9 534.2 1,635 45.4 539.7 19,575 50.0 601.0 720 52.8 513.6 9,981 50.5 509.1 Large town 87 64.4 377.9 996 60.2 427.2 Small town 799 64.8 409.4 8,144 63.0 410.0 Rural, outside of a metropolitan and micropolitan cores Rural, inside a metropolitan core 1,097 65.9 296.9 16,550 66.8 259.0 1,056 54.6 411.1 12,524 54.0 408.3 All locales 6,761 93,354 * Source: National Center for Education Statistics Common Core of Data - Public School Universe Dataset for 2005-2006.

22 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 3.6 Free and Reduced Price Lunch Program Participation by Local Regular and Alternative Schools in the NCES Common Core of Data and in the Status Norms Candidate Pools (Across Reading, Language Usage, and Mathematics) by School Locale Classification Schools Represented in Status Norms Sample Schools Represented in NCES Common Core of Data* Locale classification Schools reporting Average percentage of students Schools reporting Average percentage of students Unknown 0 0.0 92 81.5 Large City >= 250,000 341 64.2 10,601 66.9 Midsize < 250,000 principal city of a metropolitan core Urban fringe of a large city Urban fringe of a midsize city 965 47.1 11,081 53.5 1,478 30.5 18,351 36.0 688 38.4 9,166 37.7 Large town 86 49.1 916 52.1 Small town 772 44.4 7,353 50.1 Rural, outside of a metropolitan and micropolitan cores Rural, inside a metropolitan core 1,028 41.4 14,871 48.6 1,029 32.4 11,592 36.7 All locales 6,387 84,023 * Source: National Center for Education Statistics Common Core of Data - Public School Universe Dataset for 2005-2006. Geographic characteristics Breakdowns of the states represented in the status norms are presented in Tables 3.7 and 3.8, for tests taken at the beginning and at the end of the 2006-2007 school year, respectively. A total of 1,123 school districts are represented in these two tables. Western states (west of and including Montana, Wyoming, Colorado and New Mexico) are the home for 22% of these districts. Roughly 34% are in eastern states (east of and including Michigan, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee and Mississippi). The remaining 44% are in the 13 states that are in the mid-section of the country. Figure 3.1 illustrates the geographical distribution of these districts.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 23 Table 3.7 Number of Students in the Norming Sample by State by Grade and Across Subjects for Tests Taken in the Beginning of Year Time Frame of the 2006-2007 School Year Estimated Grade % of state 2-10 State 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total enrollm't* District Schools AR 550 965 1,125 935 1,040 982 814 549 307 7,267 2.2 6 34 AZ 941 2,064 1,906 2,478 2,435 2,307 2,317 0 17 14,465 1.9 8 52 CA 2,152 2,875 3,012 3,194 3,277 2,321 2,591 735 270 20,427 0.5 22 119 CO 1,763 4,405 4,858 4,903 5,114 5,429 5,934 3,012 2,404 37,822 7.1 64 372 DE 781 1,285 1,249 1,481 1,649 2,024 1,983 285 475 11,212 12.9 5 65 FL 0 0 0 0 842 755 762 470 0 2,829 0.2 2 10 GA 1,213 1,656 1,862 1,949 2,003 1,624 2,137 679 42 13,165 1.2 3 50 IA 155 1,619 1,836 1,836 2,215 2,480 2,725 1,250 1,162 15,278 4.6 60 173 ID 694 1,419 1,382 1,759 1,903 2,326 2,171 1,318 1,305 14,277 7.9 24 122 IL 2,577 7,321 7,038 8,138 8,720 8,380 8,049 887 309 51,419 3.5 61 336 IN 3,195 4,967 5,092 5,609 6,623 5,310 7,763 2,605 695 41,859 5.8 88 399 KS 1,344 6,810 7,446 7,681 8,712 7,899 8,000 3,681 3,170 54,743 17.5 65 473 KY 1,038 1,614 1,423 1,819 1,384 984 1,197 1,060 487 11,006 2.4 15 75 MA 731 993 1,287 1,281 1,367 1,371 1,459 393 614 9,496 1.4 5 55 MD 0 1,808 2,165 2,680 2,911 2,668 2,533 0 0 14,765 2.5 1 159 ME 232 1,285 1,397 1,723 1,647 1,783 2,074 884 526 11,551 8.5 35 128 MI 1,110 1,666 1,988 2,163 2,131 1,935 2,239 1,144 624 15,000 1.3 30 125 MN 5,166 9,689 10,256 10,690 12,489 11,453 10,820 3,892 1,865 76,320 13.5 145 591 MO 61 129 105 130 98 88 92 71 60 834 0.1 3 10 MT 97 120 126 159 138 218 140 88 126 1,212 1.2 8 14 NC 131 112 141 182 426 285 274 0 0 1,551 0.2 4 8 ND 351 1,145 1,160 1,293 1,264 945 1,062 533 273 8,026 11.8 29 99 NE 117 293 294 215 231 212 322 114 70 1,868 1.0 5 17 NH 414 834 890 995 1,624 1,201 1,390 409 176 7,933 5.4 40 116 NJ 313 981 957 1,118 1,356 1,127 1,292 70 31 7,245 0.8 13 48 NM 664 2,856 2,960 3,052 3,559 3,455 3,967 1,205 623 22,341 9.8 20 131 NV 165 288 302 327 481 464 471 233 193 2,924 1.0 2 16 NY 374 512 478 472 836 567 469 101 0 3,809 0.2 6 21 OH 440 706 844 713 783 452 465 480 383 5,266 0.4 7 29 OK 27 12 44 35 26 21 51 44 29 289 0.1 2 4 OR 76 105 30 115 91 157 98 19 10 701 0.2 4 12 PA 195 444 508 437 354 456 373 349 179 3,295 0.3 5 27 SC 13,161 18,723 19,166 18,990 21,149 21,693 21,895 9,269 2,652 146,698 30.1 49 636 TN 517 330 327 371 145 0 0 0 0 1,690 0.3 1 21 TX 0 1,789 1,807 2,230 1,942 2,168 1,856 0 0 11,792 0.4 1 54 UT 33 44 54 61 247 259 19 0 27 744 0.2 1 5 VT 25 53 49 30 51 137 151 0 0 496 0.8 1 5 WA 1,144 4,476 5,403 5,443 6,022 5,451 6,283 2,751 1,475 38,448 5.4 51 278 WI 1,892 3,670 4,336 4,694 4,495 4,473 4,596 2,231 645 31,032 5.3 67 316 WY 76 205 229 259 271 268 282 151 154 1,895 3.2 5 27 Total 43,915 90,268 95,532 101,640 112,051 106,128 111,116 40,962 21,378 722,990 2.3 963 5,232 * Estimated from U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data, Public School Universe Table, limited to the 2005-2006 school year.

24 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 3.8 Number of Students in the Norming Sample by State by Grade and Across Subjects for Tests Taken in the End of Year Time Frame of the 2006-2007 School Year Estimated Grade % of state 2-10 State 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total enrollm't* Districts Schools AR 726 971 1,229 878 1,055 809 668 339 65 6,740 2.1 7 39 AZ 1,017 1,723 1,546 2,109 1,668 1,686 2,114 67 49 11,979 1.6 11 58 CA 1,750 2,338 2,572 2,604 2,488 2,332 1,344 813 420 16,661 0.4 23 133 CO 4,777 7,469 7,560 7,824 7,749 7,475 7,308 3,421 1,804 55,387 10.4 67 426 CT 0 222 211 261 267 252 450 0 0 1,663 0.4 2 12 DE 1,108 1,636 1,760 1,967 2,268 2,136 2,094 381 556 13,906 16.0 5 63 FL 737 743 632 792 840 648 442 0 344 5,178 0.3 1 19 GA 1,041 1,250 1,426 1,497 1,225 1,476 1,349 301 9 9,574 0.9 4 51 IA 634 1,932 2,171 2,197 2,355 2,835 2,731 1,536 1,379 17,770 5.4 67 194 IL 5,160 9,277 8,690 10,519 10,161 10,149 8,559 1,041 187 63,743 4.4 68 390 IN 7,416 9,801 10,179 10,644 11,320 10,378 11,630 3,799 1,166 76,333 10.5 106 510 KS 2,095 6,871 6,980 7,220 7,505 7,387 6,976 5,405 3,187 53,626 17.1 73 478 KY 1,331 1,503 1,120 1,282 1,334 698 626 1,457 827 10,178 2.3 18 85 MA 1,141 1,262 1,075 1,163 1,249 887 1,004 475 206 8,462 1.3 4 54 MD 0 1,989 2,264 2,873 2,822 2,585 2,386 0 0 14,919 2.5 1 159 ME 505 2,009 1,695 2,286 2,113 2,446 2,821 1,263 512 15,650 11.5 46 177 MI 2,872 3,956 4,092 4,660 4,928 4,365 4,397 1,494 773 31,537 2.7 46 199 MN 6,800 10,134 10,463 11,004 10,772 10,453 10,048 4,652 1,942 76,268 13.4 140 550 MO 136 181 149 193 153 192 222 105 102 1,433 0.2 3 10 MT 131 157 118 166 203 232 103 61 71 1,242 1.2 8 15 NC 175 242 264 199 173 162 150 0 0 1,365 0.1 3 7 ND 755 1,397 1,289 1,412 1,186 1,147 1,167 873 848 10,074 14.8 29 108 NE 201 330 307 232 229 227 343 170 107 2,146 1.1 6 21 NH 760 1,657 1,877 1,951 2,687 2,267 2,455 660 238 14,552 10.0 52 157 NJ 376 1,774 1,790 1,678 1,862 1,846 1,497 249 193 11,265 1.2 13 75 NM 2,115 3,956 3,830 3,996 4,423 4,464 4,592 1,448 914 29,738 13.0 27 180 NV 326 444 454 401 636 559 590 297 119 3,826 1.3 4 24 NY 498 540 652 519 616 474 374 0 0 3,673 0.2 7 17 OH 531 693 681 593 406 447 157 629 383 4,520 0.4 8 35 OK 84 104 169 88 47 112 109 27 54 794 0.2 3 7 OR 61 128 37 70 26 113 0 110 0 545 0.1 4 11 PA 236 430 492 495 322 430 105 375 223 3,108 0.2 5 26 RI 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0.0 1 1 SC 11,283 12,724 12,238 12,036 12,493 12,274 12,734 5,036 692 91,510 18.8 49 592 TN 493 599 656 633 663 39 0 0 0 3,083 0.5 1 28 TX 0 882 965 701 0 0 0 0 0 2,548 0.1 2 50 UT 23 49 11 58 166 116 176 161 0 760 0.2 1 5 VA 0 260 273 0 0 231 259 0 0 1,023 0.1 1 6 VT 44 80 49 71 94 118 138 77 0 671 1.0 1 6 WA 1,700 4,759 5,158 4,932 5,318 4,076 4,962 2,176 1,252 34,333 4.8 60 295 WI 2,745 4,620 5,049 5,989 6,083 5,545 5,796 2,828 643 39,298 6.7 72 359 WY 130 60 90 102 56 53 88 15 5 599 1.0 4 19 Total 61,913 101,192 102,263 108,295 109,961 104,121 102,964 41,741 19,270 751,720 2.4 1,053 5,651 * Estimated from U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data, Public School Universe Table, limited to the 2005-2006 school year.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 25 Figure 3.1. Geographic distribution of school districts in the status norms sample. Ethnic characteristics Samples for reading, language usage, and mathematics status norms for grades 2 through 11 all conformed to the stratification table (ethnic category X school level category of free and reduced price lunch eligibility) provided in Table 2.1. The largest percentage difference observed between the norm study and the corresponding NCES information within a grade and subject area was less than 1%. Ethnic characteristics for norms samples in all content areas including science concepts and processes as well as general science are provided in tables 3.9a through 3.9e. These tables illustrate that the norm samples for reading, language usage, and mathematics closely match the national ethnic percentages at each grade level, even though school level percentage of free and reduced price lunch categories were used to construct these tables. For the two science areas tables 3.9d and 3.9e reveal that Asian/Pacific Islander and Hispanic students were slightly underrepresented in the study while African American and European American students were slightly over-represented. Native American students were well represented. The overall differences in proportions were generally reflected at the individual grade levels. The exceptions were for Native

26 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms American students in grades 2, 7, 9, and 10; Hispanic students in grades 9 and 11; and African American students in grades 9 through 11. Table 3.9a Sample Size (N)*, Sample Percentage of Ethnic Group Representation for READING and National School Age Percentages of Ethnic Group Representation by Grade Level Ethnic Group 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Native American/ Alaskan Native Asian/Pacific Islander African American Hispanic European American Grade N 1,127 2,302 2,519 2,768 2,936 2,675 2,659 986 459 86 Sample % 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 National % 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 N 4,361 9,177 9,975 10,800 10,993 9,646 9,490 3,401 1,788 368 Sample % 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.6 4.9 National % 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.6 4.9 N 16,401 33,853 36,182 40,505 43,141 39,539 38,130 14,963 6,521 1,161 Sample % 17.3 17.3 17.1 17.3 17.7 18.0 17.6 18.7 16.8 15.5 National % 16.9 16.9 16.7 17.0 17.5 17.7 17.3 18.6 16.7 15.3 N 20,643 41,834 44,073 47,855 48,438 42,429 40,322 15,484 6,853 1,196 Sample % 21.7 21.3 20.8 20.5 19.9 19.4 18.7 19.3 17.7 16.0 National % 22.8 22.4 21.8 21.5 20.7 20.3 19.5 20.0 18.5 16.9 N 52,537 108,824 119,405 131,818 137,902 124,982 125,447 45,295 23,155 4,678 Sample % 55.3 55.5 56.3 56.4 56.7 57.0 58.1 56.5 59.7 62.5 National % 54.5 54.8 55.6 55.7 56.0 56.4 57.5 55.8 58.9 61.6 * Based on beginning-of-year and end-of-year samples only. Table 3.9b Sample Size (N)*, Sample Percentage of Ethnic Group Representation for LANGUAGE USAGE and National School Age Percentages of Ethnic Group Representation by Grade Level Ethnic Group 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Native American/ Alaskan Native Asian/Pacific Islander African American Hispanic European American Grade N 373 506 648 638 881 912 886 253 99 51 Sample % 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 National % 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 N 1,443 2,021 2,568 2,488 3,298 3,287 3,163 880 385 215 Sample % 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.6 4.9 National % 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.6 4.9 N 5,428 7,453 9,315 9,333 13,023 13,477 12,710 3,867 1,406 679 Sample % 17.3 17.3 17.1 17.3 17.8 18.0 17.6 18.7 16.8 15.5 National % 16.9 16.9 16.7 17.0 17.5 17.7 17.3 18.6 16.7 15.3 N 6,831 9,209 11,349 11,022 14,529 14,462 13,442 4,004 1,476 701 Sample % 21.7 21.3 20.8 20.5 19.9 19.4 18.7 19.3 17.7 16.0 National % 22.8 22.4 21.8 21.5 20.7 20.3 19.5 20.0 18.5 16.9 N 17,388 23,954 30,747 30,369 41,360 42,600 41,820 11,709 4,989 2,740 Sample % 55.3 55.5 56.3 56.4 56.6 57.0 58.1 56.5 59.7 62.5 National % 54.5 54.8 55.6 55.7 56.0 56.4 57.5 55.8 58.9 61.6 * Based on beginning-of-year and end-of-year samples only.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 27 Table 3.9c Sample Size (N)*, Sample Percentage of Ethnic Group Representation for MATHEMATICS and National School Age Percentages of Ethnic Group Representation by Grade Level Ethnic Group 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Native American/ Alaskan Native Asian/Pacific Islander African American Hispanic European American Grade N 1,255 2,439 2,500 2,734 2,986 2,725 2,886 1,012 445 71 Sample % 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 National % 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 N 4,857 9,723 9,903 10,668 11,180 9,823 10,299 3,483 1,736 303 Sample % 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.6 4.9 National % 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.6 4.9 N 18,258 35,863 35,915 40,008 44,151 40,264 41,379 15,328 6,332 1,040 Sample % 17.3 17.3 17.1 17.3 17.8 18.0 17.6 18.7 16.8 16.7 National % 16.9 16.9 16.7 17.0 17.5 17.7 17.3 18.6 16.7 15.3 N 22,981 44,315 43,753 47,269 49,256 43,206 43,757 15,859 6,655 967 Sample % 21.7 21.3 20.8 20.5 19.9 19.3 18.7 19.3 17.7 15.5 National % 22.8 22.4 21.8 21.5 20.7 20.3 19.5 20.0 18.5 16.9 N 58,488 115,281 118,532 130,202 140,228 127,273 136,140 46,392 22,488 3,840 Sample % 55.3 55.5 56.3 56.4 56.6 57.0 58.1 56.5 59.7 61.7 National % 54.5 54.8 55.6 55.7 56.0 56.4 57.5 55.8 58.9 61.6 * Based on beginning-of-year and end-of-year samples only. Table 3.9d Sample Size (N)*, Sample Percentage of Ethnic Group Representation for GENERAL SCIENCE and National School Age Percentages of Ethnic Group Representation by Grade Level Grade Ethnic Group 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Native American/ Alaskan Native Asian/Pacific Islander African American Hispanic European American N 92 402 450 512 542 615 930 212 93 Sample % 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.2 National % 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 N 266 1,317 1,454 1,589 1,546 1,879 1,821 312 234 Sample % 2.6 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.5 2.6 2.0 3.1 National % 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.6 N 1,859 5,921 6,448 7,501 8,026 10,157 12,917 2,453 1,206 Sample % 18.4 17.4 17.2 17.5 18.0 18.9 18.3 15.4 15.9 National % 16.9 16.9 16.7 17.0 17.5 17.7 17.3 18.6 16.7 N 1,952 7,298 7,854 8,843 8,953 8,990 10,924 3,190 1,382 Sample % 19.3 21.5 21.0 20.6 20.1 16.7 15.5 20.1 18.2 National % 22.8 22.4 21.8 21.5 20.7 20.3 19.5 20.0 18.5 N 5,958 19,034 21,276 24,409 25,489 32,115 43,837 9,717 4,671 Sample % 58.8 56.0 56.8 57.0 57.2 59.7 62.2 61.2 61.6 National % 54.5 54.8 55.6 55.7 56.0 56.4 57.5 55.8 58.9 * Based on fall and spring samples

28 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 3.9e Sample Size (N)*, Sample Percentage of Ethnic Group Representation for SCIENCE CONCEPTS and PROCESSES and National School Age Percentages of Ethnic Group Representation by Grade Level Grade Ethnic Group 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Native American/ Alaskan Native Asian/Pacific Islander African American Hispanic European American N 101 526 606 531 550 645 917 269 93 Sample % 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.2 National % 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 N 292 1,627 1,843 1,642 1,565 1,968 1,852 328 302 Sample % 2.7 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.5 2.6 1.7 3.9 National % 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.6 N 1,964 7,726 8,707 7,771 8,113 10,578 12,786 2,708 1,289 Sample % 18.1 17.9 17.8 17.5 18.0 18.8 18.2 13.7 16.5 National % 16.9 16.9 16.7 17.0 17.5 17.7 17.3 18.6 16.7 N 2,223 8,464 9,035 9,135 9,051 9,549 11,293 4,083 1,398 Sample % 20.5 19.6 18.5 20.6 20.1 17.0 16.1 20.7 17.9 National % 22.8 22.4 21.8 21.5 20.7 20.3 19.5 20.0 18.5 N 6,287 24,835 28,737 25,289 25,768 33,436 43,247 12,364 4,733 Sample % 57.9 57.5 58.7 57.0 57.2 59.5 61.7 62.6 60.6 National % 54.5 54.8 55.6 55.7 56.0 56.4 57.5 55.8 58.9 * Based on fall and spring samples

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 29 CHAPTER 4 Grade Level Growth and Status Norms Over the past several years, student achievement has been increasingly viewed from two relevant and complimentary perspectives: achievement status and achievement growth. When both are considered in concert, important insight into understanding a student s achievement can be gained. Knowing a student s achievement status at a particular point in time is, at best, interesting. Viewing that same status estimate as one of several obtained over multiple time points (i.e. growth) adds, at least, a sense of progress. Similarly, the trajectory of a student s status estimates from over multiple time points can be captivating, but without using one of the estimates as a reference for the trajectory, little more than directional meaning is provided. In each case, additional references are needed to make sense of the data. Details of the knowledge and skills associated with an achievement estimate from MAP, such as those provided by DesCartes (NWEA, 2005), can provide important points of references for instructional purposes. In addition, normative information can provide references to which individual and group achievement estimates can be compared for decision making or understanding. Normative references to student performance within grade levels are the focus of this chapter. Status norms. In the context of a grade level, status norms allow us to answer some basic and commonly asked questions. These include: How does the reading performance of our 7 th grade students compare to the performance of 7 th grade students from across the country who took the same test at approximately the same time? Is the average performance of this group in the upper quartile of students in the same grade across the country? Is this student s performance relative to the norming sample consistent across domains? Discussions of performance standards can involve status norms to determine their likely impact or their observed impact when incorporated into an accountability system the difference between desired performance (a standard) and observed performance (a norm). Typical questions that status norms can help to answer include: If a performance standard is set at a RIT = X and our students performance is consistent with the norming sample, what percentage of our students is likely to not meet the standard?

30 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms How does the difficulty of the grade 3 performance standards compare to the difficulty of the grade 5 performance standards? Are performance standards consistently difficult moving from grade to grade? How far is this score from a particular performance standard? Growth norms. When successive status estimates from the same student are treated as a unit and aggregated across students sharing a common characteristic (e.g. the same grade level), norms of the rate of movement (i.e., growth) can be calculated. Questions that can be addressed by growth norms are numerous and include, among others: If this group of students progresses like similar students in the norming sample, what is its mean achievement level likely to be in 32 instructional weeks? In 74 instructional weeks? Are all students in this class progressing at a rate similar to students in the norm sample who began instruction at about the same instructional level? How much growth is reasonable to expect from students in a particular grade level over two years of instruction? Has the rate of growth for this cohort of students changed in a pattern that is consistent with the rates from the norming samples? Growth in relation to performance standards allows insight into the standards themselves as well as the movement of students in relation to the standards. When the standards are defined on or transformed onto a RIT scale, many growth and standards related questions can be addressed. For example: Given the current performance levels of our grade 4 students, what percentage of them are likely to meet the grade 6 performance standard? How do the two-year projected performance levels of our students relate to expected performance levels? Do the relationships differ by grade level? By content area? For students not expected to grow enough to meet a particular performance standard, how many more weeks of instruction would be required to bring them to the level of the performance standard? When performance standards between contiguous grades are not consistently difficult, how will the growth expectations for lower performing students need to change if performance expectations are to be met? Grades 2 through 11 Standard MAP Reading, language usage, and mathematics. The procedures for determining grade level growth and status norms were described in Chapter 2. Results from those procedures for students in grades 2 through 11 who took reading, language usage, and mathematics appear in Tables 4.1 through 4.3, respectively. Each of these tables is presented as three sub-tables, a through c.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 31 The a sub-tables contain the grade level growth means for four instructional periods: a) beginning of the year to middle of the year, b) beginning of the year to end of the year, c) beginning of the year to beginning of the following year, and d) end of the year to end of the next year. The lengths of periods were based on a traditional U.S. school year of 180 days. It should be noted that the values appearing in the standard deviation (SD) columns in these tables represent the variance of the individual student growth trajectories. This represents a change from the 2005 norming study where the standard deviations were representing the variance of the change scores. When compared to the corresponding values from the 2005 norming study, those from the current study are typically 30% to 60% higher. Grade level status norms appear in the b sub-tables. Norms were computed for the beginning of the year ( 1-7 instructional weeks), the middle of the year ( 15-21 instructional weeks), and ( 28-34 instructional weeks). The data in these tables represent the performance of students in the random samples that were stratified as described in Chapter 2. The c sub-tables provide indices of the impact of the sample stratification procedures relative to the sample creation procedures used in the 2005 study. Differences are presented for the grade level means, medians, and numbers of students between the data in the a sub-tables and their corresponding values from samples of students if the sample creation procedures from the 2005 norming study had been followed. Negative values in these tables indicate that the value from the 2008 study was that amount lower than if the sample creation procedure from the 2005 study had been used. Upper level mathematics (Algebra 1, Geometry, and Algebra 2) results are included in Tables 4.4a and 4.4b. The records selected for these tables were not subjected to the same stratification procedures used for Tables 4.1 through 4.3. Tables 4.4a and 4.4b differ only with respect to when in the school year tests were taken. Table 4.4a restricted the test events to those from tests taken at the end of the school year and in the time frame used to define the end-of-year period ( 28-34 instructional weeks). Test events summarized in Table 4.4b were allowed to take place any time during the school year. Table 4.4b likely includes test events that were administered as a pretest prior to formal instruction in the test content. While this practice is discouraged, it does happen. The 2005 norming study did not include a specific procedure to minimize the impact of pretests on the norms. This is the most likely explanation for the slightly higher norms observed in this study (Table 4.4a) compared to the 2005 upper level mathematics norms.

32 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 4.1a. READING - Modeled Growth Means, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), Numbers of Students (N), and Mean Observed Initial RIT for Four Instructional Time Periods Beginning of Year to Middle of Year ( 17 weeks) Beginning of Year to End of Year ( 32 weeks) Beginning of Year to Beginning of Next Year ( 36 weeks) End of Year to End of Next Year ( 36 weeks) Mean Mean Mean Mean Ending Initial Initial Initial Initial Grade Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT 2 7.00 10.53 150,915 181.8 12.45 10.53 150,915 181.8 3 4.89 10.66 157,499 193.3 8.77 10.66 157,499 193.3 13.79 10.53 150,915 181.8 10.06 10.90 153,288 190.4 4 3.69 10.87 157,833 201.6 6.63 10.87 157,833 201.6 9.73 10.66 157,499 193.3 7.43 11.13 154,418 199.9 5 2.80 11.04 154,755 208.1 5.06 11.04 154,755 208.1 7.37 10.87 157,833 201.6 5.66 11.34 154,407 206.6 6 2.34 11.25 155,267 213.0 4.25 11.25 155,267 213.0 5.63 11.04 154,755 208.1 4.20 11.48 154,985 212.1 7 2.15 11.57 155,288 216.9 3.86 11.57 155,288 216.9 4.73 11.25 155,267 213.0 3.83 11.69 154,004 216.0 8 1.85 11.75 153,352 220.3 3.23 11.75 153,352 220.3 4.28 11.57 155,288 216.9 3.34 12.19 153,163 219.4 9 1.02 10.04 138,987 224.0 1.91 10.04 138,987 224.0 3.56 11.75 153,352 220.3 1.81 12.21 153,207 222.9 10 0.75 10.67 27,791 225.2 1.41 10.67 27,791 225.2 2.15 10.04 138,987 224.0 1.62 11.33 68,871 225.2 11 1.58 10.67 27,791 225.2 0.67 11.43 12,846 227.1 Table 4.1b. READING - Medians, Means, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Grade Level of Test Events Randomly Selected from Ethnicity and School Level Poverty Stratification Cells and Meeting the Beginning, Middle and End of Year Time Frame Criteria Beginning-of-Year Middle-of-Year End-of-Year Grade Median Mean SD N Median Mean SD N Median Mean SD N 2 179 179.7 12.85 38,365 186 186.0 13.11 34,571 190 189.6 12.99 56,704 3 192 191.6 13.13 93,953 197 196.3 13.37 85,946 200 199.0 13.36 102,037 4 201 200.1 13.44 104,121 205 203.7 13.45 89,519 207 205.8 13.56 108,033 5 208 206.7 13.52 114,500 211 209.6 13.55 95,334 212 211.1 13.59 119,246 6 213 211.6 13.87 125,034 215 213.8 13.99 74,117 216 214.8 14.04 118,376 7 217 215.4 14.11 114,154 219 217.3 14.28 65,644 219 217.9 14.36 105,117 8 220 219.0 14.19 120,863 222 220.6 14.24 77,283 223 221.2 14.28 95,185 9 222 220.9 14.59 42,237 223 221.9 14.57 24,557 224 222.6 14.85 37,892 10 226 223.9 14.54 19,622 227 224.9 14.49 6,841 228 225.4 14.94 19,154 11 227 225.2 14.97 5,986 228 225.6 14.87 1,051 227 225.6 14.52 1,503 * Values based on fewer than 2000 cases are shaded. Exercise caution when using these values. Table 4.1c. READING - Differences In Medians, Means and Numbers of Students Between Stratified Samples and the Student Candidate Pool as It Would Have Been Included Using the 2005 Norm Study Inclusion Criteria (Stratified Sample Minus Candidate Pool Values) Beginning-of-Year Middle-of-Year End-of-Year Grade Median Mean N Median Mean N Median Mean N 2 1 1.9-293141 -1-1.0-62,020-1 0.1-285103 3-1 0.4-336600 -1-0.8-62,786-1 -0.5-320719 4-1 -0.3-321975 -1-0.6-61,682-1 -0.9-314274 5-1 -0.8-316335 0-0.5-55,063-2 -1.1-312307 6-1 -0.7-317850 0-0.4-46,621-2 -1.1-323436 7-1 -0.7-337396 0-0.2-43,277-2 -1.1-330928 8-1 -0.8-319799 0 0.0-35,861-1 -1.0-320974 9-2 -1.2-201224 -1-0.3-18,225-2 -1.7-171614 10-1 -0.4-112626 1 0.4-14,198-1 -0.9-85094 11-1 0.0-24401 -1-1.5-4,836-2 -1.4-21008

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 33 Table 4.2a. LANGUAGE USAGE - Modeled Growth Means, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), Numbers of Students (N), and Mean Observed Initial RIT for Four Instructional Time Periods Beginning of Year to Middle of Year( 17 weeks) Beginning of Year to End of Year ( 32 weeks) Beginning of Year to Beginning of Next Year( 36 weeks) End of Year to End of Next Year ( 36 weeks) Mean Mean Mean Mean Ending Initial Initial Initial Initial Grade Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT 2 7.21 9.75 150,965 183.3 12.73 9.75 150,965 183.3 3 4.79 10.02 154,881 194.9 8.52 10.02 154,881 194.9 14.07 9.75 150,965 183.3 9.54 10.23 152,510 192.9 4 3.58 10.08 152,545 202.9 6.37 10.08 152,545 202.9 9.44 10.02 154,881 194.9 6.85 10.35 152,634 201.9 5 2.64 10.01 153,449 209.0 4.71 10.01 153,449 209.0 7.06 10.08 152,545 202.9 5.03 10.34 152,821 208.3 6 2.13 10.07 153,545 213.3 3.80 10.07 153,545 213.3 5.23 10.01 153,449 209.0 3.63 10.25 152,918 213.2 7 1.91 10.26 153,872 216.7 3.37 10.26 153,872 216.7 4.22 10.07 153,545 213.3 3.14 10.36 152,638 216.6 8 1.54 10.27 151,997 219.7 2.68 10.27 151,997 219.7 3.73 10.26 153,872 216.7 2.76 10.72 152,378 219.4 9 0.91 8.73 84,235 222.3 1.71 8.73 84,235 222.3 2.94 10.27 151,997 219.7 1.28 10.68 108,516 222.3 10 0.65 9.26 17,673 223.3 1.22 9.26 17,673 223.3 1.93 8.73 84,235 222.3 1.55 9.73 48,173 224.0 11 1.37 9.26 17,673 223.3 0.82 9.89 8,975 225.6 Table 4.2b. LANGUAGE USAGE - Medians, Means, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Grade Level of Test Events Randomly Selected from Ethnicity and School Level Poverty Stratification Cells and Meeting the Beginning, Middle and End of Year Time Frame Criteria Beginning-of-Year Middle-of-Year End-of-Year Grade Median Mean SD N Median Mean SD N Median Mean SD N 2 180 181.2 11.87 14,385 188 188.3 12.22 8,239 192 191.5 12.39 17,078 3 193 192.6 12.55 20,623 199 198.0 12.40 10,551 202 200.5 12.38 22,520 4 202 201.0 12.66 26,988 206 204.9 12.26 11,980 208 207.0 12.52 27,639 5 208 207.2 12.62 28,806 211 210.2 12.23 15,626 213 211.8 12.28 25,044 6 213 211.7 12.58 35,916 215 214.0 12.47 16,188 217 215.1 12.53 37,175 7 217 215.1 12.63 38,950 218 217.3 12.29 9,661 219 217.7 12.66 35,788 8 220 218.4 12.63 37,528 221 219.8 12.36 8,180 222 220.4 12.68 34,493 9 221 219.4 13.13 11,922 221 220.0 12.68 2,850 222 220.8 13.34 8,791 10 223 221.6 13.13 6,413 224 222.2 12.28 1,159 225 222.9 13.50 1,942 11 225 223.6 13.14 2,925 226 225.1 12.51 1,216 226 224.6 13.01 1,461 * Values based on fewer than 2000 cases are shaded. Exercise caution when using these values. Table 4.2c. LANGUAGE USAGE - Differences In Medians, Means and Numbers of Students Between Stratified Samples and the Student Candidate Pool as It Would Have Been Included Using the 2005 Norm Study Inclusion Criteria (Stratified Sample Minus Candidate Pool Values) Beginning-of-Year Middle-of-Year End-of-Year Grade Median Mean N Median Mean N Median Mean N 2 1 2.0-136607 -1-0.7-34,571-1 0.0-164778 3-1 -0.1-204424 -1-0.5-47,401-1 -0.7-212790 4-1 -0.5-199160 -1-0.6-47,998-1 -1.0-211108 5-2 -0.9-202681 -1-0.6-43,031-2 -1.2-216823 6-1 -0.8-197563 0-0.1-32,207-1 -1.2-201258 7-1 -0.9-197330 -1 0.1-35,270-1 -1.1-197292 8-1 -0.9-196207 0 0.0-38,604-1 -1.2-191760 9-1 -1.2-120879 -1-0.6-14,355-3 -2.3-113706 10-1 -0.6-62116 0 0.2-7,849-2 -1.9-56652 11-1 -0.4-15064 1 0.9-1,052-1 -0.8-12642

34 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 4.3a. MATHEMATICS - Modeled Growth Means, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), Numbers of Students (N), and Mean Observed Initial RIT for Four Instructional Time Periods Beginning of Year to Middle of Year( 17 weeks) Beginning of Year to End of Year ( 32 weeks) Beginning of Year to Beginning of Next Year( 36 weeks) End of Year to End of Next Year ( 36 weeks) Mean Mean Mean Mean Ending Initial Initial Initial Initial Grade Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT 2 7.32 8.86 152,738 181.4 13.21 8.86 152,738 181.4 3 5.89 9.68 153,629 194.0 10.65 9.68 153,629 194.0 14.69 8.86 152,738 181.4 11.88 9.64 153,491 191.3 4 4.89 10.72 155,051 204.4 8.86 10.72 155,051 204.4 11.85 9.68 153,629 194.0 9.57 10.49 155,797 202.8 5 4.01 11.81 157,661 212.7 7.27 11.81 157,661 212.7 9.86 10.72 155,051 204.4 7.99 11.70 153,826 211.6 6 3.54 12.45 157,681 219.6 6.43 12.45 157,681 219.6 8.09 11.81 157,661 212.7 6.00 12.54 157,221 219.5 7 3.36 13.46 156,403 225.2 5.99 13.46 156,403 225.2 7.16 12.45 157,681 219.6 5.74 13.38 155,755 224.8 8 2.76 14.39 153,065 230.3 4.81 14.39 153,065 230.3 6.64 13.46 156,403 225.2 4.78 14.77 155,105 229.7 9 1.57 12.03 131,191 234.9 2.96 12.03 131,191 234.9 5.30 14.39 153,065 230.3 2.47 14.94 152,027 234.4 10 1.41 13.06 25,537 236.4 2.65 13.06 25,537 236.4 3.33 12.03 131,191 234.9 2.64 6.10 65,474 237.1 11 2.98 13.06 25,537 236.4 1.72 14.69 11,351 238.7 Table 4.3b. MATHEMATICS - Medians, Means, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Grade Level of Test Events Randomly Selected from Ethnicity and School Level Poverty Stratification Cells and Meeting the Beginning, Middle and End of Year Time Frame Criteria Beginning-of-Year Middle-of-Year End-of-Year Grade Median Mean SD N Median Mean SD N Median Mean SD N 2 179 179.5 10.10 47,704 186 186.5 10.78 35,077 191 190.8 11.46 58,135 3 192 192.1 11.47 106,078 199 198.0 11.67 84,461 203 202.4 12.39 101,543 4 203 203.0 12.53 109,825 208 207.6 12.92 83,566 211 211.4 13.86 100,778 5 212 211.7 13.94 118,919 216 216.0 14.63 89,695 220 219.2 15.25 111,962 6 219 218.3 14.83 135,774 222 221.4 15.32 77,561 225 223.8 15.87 112,027 7 225 224.1 16.09 118,711 228 226.4 16.43 62,555 230 228.3 16.96 104,580 8 230 229.3 16.98 120,589 232 230.9 17.18 57,652 234 232.7 17.50 113,872 9 233 231.6 17.58 33,649 234 232.5 17.42 15,140 236 234.0 18.03 48,425 10 237 235.2 18.07 17,872 238 235.9 17.45 9,962 239 237.1 18.62 19,784 11 239 237.1 18.95 4,239 240 238.5 18.86 Interpolated 241 239.8 18.77 1,982 * Values based on fewer than 2000 cases are shaded. Exercise caution when using these values. Table 4.3c. MATHEMATICS - Differences In Medians, Means and Numbers of Students Between Stratified Samples and the Student Candidate Pool as It Would Have Been Included Using the 2005 Norm Study Inclusion Criteria (Stratified Sample Minus Candidate Pool Values) Beginning-of-Year Middle-of-Year End-of-Year Grade Median Mean N Median Mean N Median Mean N 2 0 0.9-305803 -1-0.7-65,711-1 -0.5-293271 3-2 -0.5-320763 0-0.3-56,789-1 -1.1-313128 4-2 -1.0-307660 0-0.3-56,782-2 -1.3-310008 5-1 -1.4-297835 -1-0.4-50,887-2 -1.6-304790 6-2 -1.4-284779 0-0.2-33,968-2 -1.7-313544 7-2 -1.3-311076 1 0.5-31,749-2 -1.7-314528 8-2 -1.2-295167 0 0.5-35,348-2 -1.5-283869 9-2 -2.0-196934 0-0.2-20,570-2 -2.5-152999 10-1 -0.8-102479 1 0.9-13,014-2 -1.8-73836 11 0-0.4-24298 -1-0.5-17411

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 35 Table 4.4a UPPER LEVEL MATHEMATICS - Medians, Means, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) for NWEA End-of-Course MATHEMATICS Tests from Within the End-of-Year Time Frame Criterion* Mathematics Course** Median Mean SD N Algebra 1 248 246.8 12.23 14,583 Geometry 253 251.3 14.73 4,218 Algebra 2 256 254.3 12.40 1,678 * Sample was not stratified based on ethnicity or school level percentage of free & reduced price lunches. ** Based exclusively on spring test events - More likely that test events were End-of-Course tests. Table 4.4b UPPER LEVEL MATHEMATICS - Medians, Means, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) for NWEA End-of-Course MATHEMATICS Tests Included Under Same Criteria Used for the 2005 Norming Study Mathematics Course* Median Mean SD N Algebra 1 246 243.8 14.66 23,423 Geometry 252 249.5 15.88 5,797 Algebra 2 253 250.5 15.16 2,726 **based exclusively on fall and spring test events - Greater likelihood of End-of-Course test being used as a "pre test". General science, and science concepts and processes. Norms for growth and status in the science areas were developed using different procedures than those used for reading, language usage, and mathematics. The differences are spelled out in Chapter 2. Tables 4.5 and 4.6 contain the norms for general science and science concepts and processes, respectively. In this case, the a sub-tables refer to observed growth for fall-to-spring, fall-to-fall, and spring-to-spring comparisons.

36 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 4.5a GENERAL SCIENCE TOPICS - Observed Growth Means, Standard Deviations (SD), Numbers of Students (N) in the Intact Group, Mean Initial RIT Fall-to-Spring Fall-to-Fall Spring-to-Spring Mean Mean Mean Ending Initial Initial Initial Grade Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT 2 6.5 6.84 4,705 186.1 3 5.9 7.10 25,002 192.0 7.7 7.07 4,304 186.0 5.0 7.37 1,799 194.9 4 4.8 7.38 28,011 197.4 6.1 7.29 25,124 193.0 4.1 7.27 2,174 200.4 5 4.3 7.47 33,463 202.0 5.0 7.51 28,449 198.4 2.7 7.39 2,264 204.3 6 3.4 7.69 32,016 204.7 3.6 7.86 24,106 202.5 2.7 7.54 2,459 207.8 7 3.1 7.93 35,118 207.8 3.6 8.03 23,820 204.7 2.3 7.46 2,254 209.7 8 2.9 7.89 34,990 210.6 3.3 8.14 26,313 207.6 1.3 8.04 1,105 213.3 9 1.9 7.82 13,433 214.9 2.4 8.02 10,035 212.1 1.9 7.64 1,019 218.4 10 1.4 7.82 10,862 218.2 2.0 8.15 10,426 214.4 11 0.3 7.56 3,507 219.4 1.0 7.93 2,884 218.1 Table 4.5b GENERAL SCIENCE TOPICS - Medians, Means, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Grade Level and Part of the Year Beginning-of-Year Middle-of-Year (Interpolated) End-of-Year Grade Median Mean SD N Median Mean SD Median Mean SD N 2 184 184.7 7.96 3,966 187 187.2 8.11 189 189.7 8.25 6,161 3 191 191.0 9.05 16,653 194 193.6 9.27 196 196.3 9.48 17,319 4 196 196.6 9.93 19,805 199 198.8 10.00 201 200.9 10.07 17,677 5 201 201.1 10.44 22,420 203 203.0 10.53 205 204.9 10.62 20,434 6 205 204.4 10.80 24,285 207 205.7 10.86 208 207.0 10.93 20,271 7 208 207.7 11.16 35,703 209 208.7 11.33 210 209.6 11.51 18,053 8 211 210.5 11.61 36,952 212 211.5 11.59 213 212.6 11.57 33,477 9 213 212.4 11.52 11,346 214 212.8 11.86 214 213.3 12.20 4,538 10 216 214.9 11.91 5,343 217 215.9 12.05 218 216.8 12.18 2,243

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 37 Table 4.6a SCIENCE CONCEPTS AND PROCESSES - Observed Growth Means, Standard Deviations (SD), Numbers of Students (N) in the Intact Group, Mean Initial RIT Fall-to-Spring Fall-to-Fall Spring-to-Spring Mean Mean Mean Ending Initial Initial Initial Grade Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT 2 7.2 7.19 5,027 182.5 3 5.7 7.32 24,716 190.0 8.5 7.52 4,641 182.4 5.1 7.95 1,403 192.5 4 4.5 7.48 27,275 195.8 6.2 7.51 24,334 191.4 3.3 7.70 1,354 198.0 5 4.1 7.44 31,687 200.6 5.0 7.53 27,315 197.3 2.3 8.05 1,552 201.7 6 2.9 7.74 28,669 203.6 4.0 7.95 23,332 201.3 3.1 8.18 1,380 205.1 7 2.7 7.89 31,315 206.8 3.4 8.06 22,148 203.9 2.5 7.99 1,214 207.1 8 2.3 7.97 31,780 209.6 3.4 8.14 25,402 206.8 9 1.3 8.10 12,275 212.9 2.5 8.31 9,372 210.2 10 1.4 8.16 9,343 215.6 1.8 8.39 9,756 212.4 11 0.7 7.89 2,905 216.2 1.1 8.26 2,116 215.3 Table 4.6b SCIENCE CONCEPTS AND PROCESSES - Medians, Means, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Grade Level and Part of the Year Beginning-of-Year Middle-of-Year (Interpolated) End-of-Year Grade Median Mean SD N Median Mean SD Median Mean SD N 2 180 181.2 8.70 4,994 184 184.2 8.73 187 187.2 8.76 5,873 3 189 189.2 9.66 19,806 192 191.9 9.68 195 194.6 9.70 23,372 4 195 195.2 9.86 21,661 198 197.4 9.89 200 199.6 9.92 27,267 5 200 200.0 10.22 23,841 202 201.9 10.24 204 203.7 10.26 20,527 6 204 203.7 10.70 25,345 205 204.7 10.64 206 205.7 10.57 19,702 7 207 206.9 10.95 36,533 208 207.8 10.99 209 208.6 11.03 19,643 8 210 209.6 11.37 37,914 211 210.4 11.19 212 211.2 11.01 32,181 9 212 211.4 11.36 12,366 213 211.7 11.44 213 212.1 11.52 7,386 10 214 213.3 11.62 5,588 215 214.0 11.64 216 214.8 11.67 2,227

38 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Grades Kindergarten and 1 MAP for Primary Grades. Growth norms for primary grade students are provided in Table 4.7. This table is unique in that it includes the first time we have observed growth from a lower grade, kindergarten here, in which growth was lower than in the succeeding grade. While we are not sure of the factors contributing to this shift, our primary hunch is that testing in kindergarten is much less uniform than it is in other grades. Differences in school schedules, school structures, and student levels of independence and maturity seem like plausible avenues for further exploration in this area. Kindergarten and first grade status norms appear in Table 4.8. The pattern of grade level to grade level means and medians is similar to other NWEA status norms. Within grade, however, the pattern for kindergarten for both content areas shows a positive skew for all three parts of the year. This is unusual for NWEA computerized adaptive tests and may suggest a lower operational boundary for this version of the MAP for Primary Grades tests. Table 4.7 Observed Fall to Spring Growth Means, Standard Deviations (SD), Numbers of Students (N) and Mean Initial RITs For Primary Grade Students Reading Mean Grade Mean sd N Initial RIT K 10.8 7.22 4,000 147.7 1 14.1 7.51 13,551 159.2 Mathematics K 12.6 8.06 3,600 149.7 1 15.3 8.22 12,492 163.7 Table 4.8 Primary Grade - Medians, Means, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Grade Level and Part of the Year Reading Beginning-of-Year Middle-of-Year End-of-Year Grade Median Mean SD N Median Mean SD N Median Mean SD N K 146 147.6 6.86 4,306 151 152.4 8.52 2,480 155 156.3 10.30 14,252 1 160 160.2 10.19 15,847 167 166.5 10.69 5,602 173 171.9 11.18 25,109 Mathematics Beginning-of-Year Middle-of-Year End-of-Year Grade Median Mean SD N Median Mean SD N Median Mean SD N K 148 149.5 8.75 4,440 152 153.1 9.98 2,708 158 158.1 12.08 15,849 1 164 163.4 12.18 14,275 171 169.9 12.33 5,520 178 176.7 12.79 23,672

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 39 CHAPTER 5 Growth by RIT Level Achievement growth norms were first reported at a finer grain size than grade level in the 2002 RIT Scale Norms (NWEA, 2002). This was the first step in extending our understanding of patterns of academic growth beyond general observations of changes in growth (e.g., students lower in achievement status tend to grow more than their peers who are higher in achievement status) toward greater descriptive detail. The RIT Block Norms from 2002 framed relationships between growth and initial status where initial status was partitioned into 10 RIT point blocks. This procedure is repeated in this study for the growth of early primary grade students in reading and mathematics. The relatively small numbers of test records at these grade levels precluded a finer level of detail. A further step was taken in the 2005 RIT Scale Norms (NWEA, 2005) by using a RIT point perspective to detail relationships between initial status and growth. In addition to giving detail about how initial score status is related to growth, the 2005 study also illustrated how the nature of the relationship between initial status and growth changes with changes in position on the RIT scale, content area and grade level. This approach is repeated in this study for general science topics and science concepts and processes. In the current study we have taken a step toward moving the 2005 study focus on RIT point growth a bit further. This step was prompted by the realization of two important and related limitations to the 2005 presentation of RIT point growth. The first is that growth was calculated using two data points: a fall score and a spring score, two fall scores, or two spring scores. The particular scores contributing to any score difference could have come from any point within the testing seasons of fall or spring. These two seasons are each roughly 14 weeks long. Thus, a student s change could, at the extremes, be based on two tests separated by as few as 8 weeks and as many as 35 weeks in a fall-to-spring comparison. This adds variability into the season-to-season mean differences. More importantly, however, it also undermines interpretation when attempting to evaluate a student s growth when the growth is based on a very different time span. The second limitation is a natural result of the first. By limiting estimates to two terms of data, we lose our ability to make longer term estimates to determine reasonable growth expectations over time periods spanning multiple terms. To set a multi-year growth expectation for a student, we are faced with basing part of the expectation on empirical data from the norms and then deciding how the norms should be used to set expectations for subsequent years to arrive at a single

40 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms expectation. Norms for subsequent years might be treated additively, differentially weighted, or treated idiosyncratically based on past performance or substantive theory. Unfortunately, the 2005 RIT point growth norms provide little guidance for choosing from among these alternatives. To address these limitations for reading, language usage, and mathematics in grades 2 through 10, we implemented the two level growth models outlined in Chapter 2. As noted, this approach only included individual test histories with a minimum of three test events. The advantage to this approach is that growth is modeled as a function of instructional weeks. The instructional-weeks information present in each student s test history was used to calculate the mean growth rate for students starting out at the same RIT level (± 2 RITs). Using this approach, reasonable growth expectations for students in grades 2 through 8 can be calculated for any number of instructional weeks that is less than or equal to three full instructional years ( 108 instructional weeks). For students in grades 9 and 10, 72 instructional weeks is a more likely maximum period. For the Tables 5.1a through 5.27b, presented below, mean growth for each RIT value is presented for 17, 32, and 36 instructional weeks from the beginning of the instructional year as well as for 36 instructional weeks from the end of the instructional year to the end of the next instructional year. RIT point growth norms for general science topics and for science concepts and processes are presented in Tables 5.28 through 5.45. It is important to note that these norms are based on a sparser data set than those for reading, language usage, and mathematics. This is due to differences in testing practices for science between districts, schools, and grade levels. The structure of the available data did not lend itself to modeling growth as a function of instructional weeks. For this reason, RIT point growth was calculated as it was in the 2005 norming study as the mean difference between tests from two testing seasons when the test scores from the first testing season were constrained to be equal. The limitation of the data set is obvious in the tables; only fall-to-spring and fall-to-fall comparisons could be computed. Finally, the relationship between initial status and growth for early primary grade students is detailed using the RIT Block Norms procedure developed for the 2002 norms. These norms are presented in Table 5.46 below.

42 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.1a READING Grade 2 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* Beginning of Yr to Middle of Yr ( 17 Instr'l Wks) Beginning of Yr to End of Yr ( 32 Instr'l Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 151 12.58 8.13 524 194 5.14 5.75 32,211 151 20.71 8.13 524 194 9.29 5.75 32,211 152 12.30 8.05 794 195 5.06 5.71 30,398 152 20.70 8.05 794 195 9.19 5.71 30,398 153 12.16 7.58 1,356 196 4.93 5.69 28,464 153 20.44 7.58 1,356 196 8.94 5.69 28,464 154 12.15 7.37 2,330 197 4.80 5.68 26,456 154 20.42 7.37 2,330 197 8.69 5.68 26,456 155 12.02 7.32 3,850 198 4.69 5.67 24,274 155 20.41 7.32 3,850 198 8.54 5.67 24,274 156 11.88 7.34 5,885 199 4.58 5.53 22,104 156 20.30 7.34 5,885 199 8.33 5.53 22,104 157 11.52 7.34 8,339 200 4.42 5.67 19,889 157 19.81 7.34 8,339 200 8.08 5.67 19,889 158 11.23 7.35 10,993 201 4.30 5.71 17,813 158 19.40 7.35 10,993 201 7.91 5.71 17,813 159 10.99 7.39 13,775 202 4.18 5.71 15,620 159 19.06 7.39 13,775 202 7.67 5.71 15,620 160 10.78 7.42 16,285 203 4.04 5.73 13,559 160 18.75 7.42 16,285 203 7.47 5.73 13,559 161 10.52 7.41 18,457 204 3.87 5.82 11,551 161 18.36 7.41 18,457 204 7.15 5.82 11,551 162 10.32 7.41 20,497 205 3.73 5.84 9,721 162 18.03 7.41 20,497 205 6.93 5.84 9,721 163 10.16 7.35 22,311 206 3.61 5.85 8,098 163 17.77 7.35 22,311 206 6.70 5.85 8,098 164 9.94 7.29 23,747 207 3.53 5.87 6,841 164 17.42 7.29 23,747 207 6.60 5.87 6,841 165 9.76 7.23 25,209 208 3.11 5.12 5,674 165 17.13 7.23 25,209 208 5.86 5.12 5,674 166 9.58 7.18 26,580 209 3.05 5.14 4,803 166 16.79 7.18 26,580 209 5.74 5.14 4,803 167 9.40 7.11 27,896 210 2.97 5.28 4,053 167 16.49 7.11 27,896 210 5.58 5.28 4,053 168 9.20 7.06 29,169 211 2.92 5.33 3,341 168 16.16 7.06 29,169 211 5.49 5.33 3,341 169 8.99 7.00 30,489 212 2.81 5.41 2,733 169 15.83 7.00 30,489 212 5.30 5.41 2,733 170 8.79 6.97 31,637 213 2.72 5.59 2,274 170 15.50 6.97 31,637 213 5.12 5.59 2,274 171 8.59 6.92 32,678 214 2.56 5.87 1,856 171 15.17 6.92 32,678 214 4.81 5.87 1,856 172 8.42 6.88 33,738 172 14.90 6.88 33,738 173 8.25 6.82 34,818 173 14.56 6.82 34,818 174 8.10 6.65 35,722 174 14.33 6.65 35,722 175 7.92 6.56 36,613 175 14.00 6.56 36,613 176 7.77 6.49 37,543 176 13.76 6.49 37,543 177 7.62 6.55 38,102 177 13.52 6.55 38,102 178 7.43 6.52 38,472 178 13.16 6.52 38,472 179 7.28 6.43 38,960 179 12.94 6.43 38,960 180 7.14 6.39 39,100 180 12.72 6.39 39,100 181 6.98 6.20 39,313 181 12.42 6.20 39,313 182 6.81 6.29 39,464 182 12.15 6.29 39,464 183 6.67 6.23 39,652 183 11.88 6.23 39,652 184 6.53 6.18 39,571 184 11.66 6.18 39,571 185 6.37 6.12 39,435 185 11.37 6.12 39,435 186 6.24 6.09 39,302 186 11.17 6.09 39,302 187 6.11 6.03 39,032 187 10.92 6.03 39,032 188 5.96 5.99 38,377 188 10.68 5.99 38,377 189 5.82 5.94 37,649 189 10.48 5.94 37,649 190 5.67 5.78 37,125 190 10.19 5.78 37,125 191 5.55 5.73 36,037 191 10.02 5.73 36,037 192 5.37 5.81 34,850 192 9.68 5.81 34,850 193 5.27 5.65 33,682 193 9.54 5.65 33,682 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 2 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 43 Table 5.1b READING Grade 2 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* (cont.) Beginning of Yr to Beginning of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) End of Yr to End of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 151 22.41 8.13 524 194 10.34 5.75 32,211 160 16.77 7.62 4,475 203 7.93 5.75 35,504 152 22.56 8.05 794 195 10.24 5.71 30,398 161 16.51 7.57 5,626 204 7.71 5.75 32,422 153 22.26 7.58 1,356 196 9.95 5.69 28,464 162 16.33 7.54 6,716 205 7.49 5.73 29,463 154 22.24 7.37 2,330 197 9.68 5.68 26,456 163 16.09 7.45 7,830 206 7.36 5.70 26,534 155 22.30 7.32 3,850 198 9.53 5.67 24,274 164 15.87 7.43 8,955 207 7.15 5.73 23,717 156 22.22 7.34 5,885 199 9.28 5.53 22,104 165 15.76 7.43 10,052 208 7.07 5.74 20,997 157 21.73 7.34 8,339 200 9.02 5.67 19,889 166 15.46 7.39 11,237 209 6.81 5.74 18,584 158 21.31 7.35 10,993 201 8.84 5.71 17,813 167 15.27 7.32 12,406 210 6.72 5.78 16,218 159 20.95 7.39 13,775 202 8.57 5.71 15,620 168 14.94 7.31 13,476 211 6.55 5.81 13,962 160 20.64 7.42 16,285 203 8.36 5.73 13,559 169 14.71 7.29 14,721 212 6.38 5.84 12,055 161 20.22 7.41 18,457 204 8.00 5.82 11,551 170 14.44 7.25 15,858 213 5.95 5.23 10,190 162 19.87 7.41 20,497 205 7.77 5.84 9,721 171 14.26 7.22 17,152 214 5.85 5.27 8,369 163 19.59 7.35 22,311 206 7.51 5.85 8,098 172 13.97 7.22 18,611 215 5.73 5.36 6,876 164 19.21 7.29 23,747 207 7.41 5.87 6,841 173 13.78 7.19 20,074 216 5.63 5.38 5,596 165 18.89 7.23 25,209 208 6.60 5.12 5,674 174 13.55 7.14 21,419 217 5.51 5.49 4,493 166 18.52 7.18 26,580 209 6.46 5.14 4,803 175 13.24 7.09 23,048 218 5.43 5.57 3,633 167 18.19 7.11 27,896 210 6.28 5.28 4,053 176 13.09 7.03 24,615 219 5.29 5.69 2,866 168 17.83 7.06 29,169 211 6.17 5.33 3,341 177 12.84 6.96 26,213 220 5.25 5.81 2,234 169 17.47 7.00 30,489 212 5.96 5.41 2,733 178 12.59 6.90 27,941 221 4.99 5.98 1,768 170 17.12 6.97 31,637 213 5.76 5.59 2,274 179 12.28 6.86 29,751 222 4.75 6.16 1,374 171 16.76 6.92 32,678 214 5.41 5.87 1,856 180 12.11 6.84 31,551 172 16.47 6.88 33,738 181 11.87 6.80 33,367 173 16.09 6.82 34,818 182 11.75 6.76 34,861 174 15.84 6.65 35,722 183 11.51 6.73 36,534 175 15.47 6.56 36,613 184 11.30 6.64 38,212 176 15.22 6.49 37,543 185 11.18 6.57 39,819 177 14.97 6.55 38,102 186 10.90 6.53 41,138 178 14.57 6.52 38,472 187 10.81 6.33 42,679 179 14.33 6.43 38,960 188 10.57 6.26 43,934 180 14.10 6.39 39,100 189 10.28 6.36 45,276 181 13.76 6.20 39,313 190 10.16 6.16 46,257 182 13.47 6.29 39,464 191 9.94 6.24 47,142 183 13.16 6.23 39,652 192 9.70 6.19 47,883 184 12.93 6.18 39,571 193 9.57 6.16 48,453 185 12.60 6.12 39,435 194 9.38 6.11 48,700 186 12.39 6.09 39,302 195 9.21 6.06 48,725 187 12.11 6.03 39,032 196 9.12 6.00 48,456 188 11.86 5.99 38,377 197 8.91 5.80 47,614 189 11.64 5.94 37,649 198 8.72 5.76 46,583 190 11.31 5.78 37,125 199 8.60 5.74 45,132 191 11.14 5.73 36,037 200 8.35 5.71 43,175 192 10.76 5.81 34,850 201 8.27 5.68 40,948 193 10.62 5.65 33,682 202 8.06 5.78 38,407 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 2 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

44 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.2a READING Grade 3 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* Beginning of Yr to Middle of Yr ( 17 Instr'l Wks) Beginning of Yr to End of Yr ( 32 Instr'l Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 159 9.88 7.91 3,006 202 3.88 5.54 71,119 159 17.01 7.91 3,006 202 7.07 5.54 71,119 160 9.53 7.85 4,135 203 3.78 5.51 67,998 160 16.50 7.85 4,135 203 6.87 5.51 67,998 161 9.28 7.85 5,407 204 3.67 5.47 64,140 161 16.12 7.85 5,407 204 6.66 5.47 64,140 162 8.99 7.87 6,758 205 3.59 5.30 60,279 162 15.67 7.87 6,758 205 6.56 5.30 60,279 163 8.74 7.79 8,131 206 3.47 5.39 55,884 163 15.25 7.79 8,131 206 6.35 5.39 55,884 164 8.53 7.76 9,454 207 3.39 5.25 51,421 164 14.91 7.76 9,454 207 6.25 5.25 51,421 165 8.38 7.74 10,879 208 3.29 5.36 47,016 165 14.68 7.74 10,879 208 6.05 5.36 47,016 166 8.22 7.71 12,237 209 3.19 5.35 42,938 166 14.42 7.71 12,237 209 5.86 5.35 42,938 167 8.08 7.66 13,704 210 3.12 5.36 38,491 167 14.15 7.66 13,704 210 5.77 5.36 38,491 168 7.97 7.59 15,263 211 3.02 5.34 34,460 168 13.95 7.59 15,263 211 5.59 5.34 34,460 169 7.85 7.53 16,965 212 2.94 5.34 30,379 169 13.76 7.53 16,965 212 5.48 5.34 30,379 170 7.70 7.50 18,655 213 2.83 5.34 26,445 170 13.54 7.50 18,655 213 5.28 5.34 26,445 171 7.52 7.42 20,682 214 2.71 5.35 22,401 171 13.20 7.42 20,682 214 5.05 5.35 22,401 172 7.39 7.37 22,626 215 2.48 4.65 19,041 172 12.99 7.37 22,626 215 4.66 4.65 19,041 173 7.20 7.32 24,695 216 2.42 4.63 15,953 173 12.69 7.32 24,695 216 4.56 4.63 15,953 174 7.04 7.30 26,858 217 2.36 4.64 13,329 174 12.44 7.30 26,858 217 4.44 4.64 13,329 175 6.88 7.24 29,119 218 2.29 4.65 11,019 175 12.14 7.24 29,119 218 4.31 4.65 11,019 176 6.77 7.19 31,466 219 2.24 4.64 9,160 176 11.97 7.19 31,466 219 4.21 4.64 9,160 177 6.63 7.11 34,044 220 2.17 4.62 7,443 177 11.71 7.11 34,044 220 4.09 4.62 7,443 178 6.52 7.07 36,575 221 2.09 4.63 5,908 178 11.55 7.07 36,575 221 3.93 4.63 5,908 179 6.40 6.96 39,248 222 2.00 4.60 4,684 179 11.32 6.96 39,248 222 3.77 4.60 4,684 180 6.27 6.90 42,023 223 1.94 4.59 3,680 180 11.14 6.90 42,023 223 3.66 4.59 3,680 181 6.15 6.83 44,751 224 1.86 4.61 2,837 181 10.90 6.83 44,751 224 3.51 4.61 2,837 182 6.00 6.78 47,315 225 1.79 4.64 2,209 182 10.62 6.78 47,315 225 3.36 4.64 2,209 183 5.89 6.70 50,157 183 10.46 6.70 50,157 184 5.75 6.63 52,775 184 10.19 6.63 52,775 185 5.64 6.57 55,396 185 10.04 6.57 55,396 186 5.50 6.51 57,953 186 9.78 6.51 57,953 187 5.40 6.44 60,683 187 9.64 6.44 60,683 188 5.27 6.37 63,147 188 9.39 6.37 63,147 189 5.17 6.31 65,346 189 9.24 6.31 65,346 190 5.05 6.23 67,451 190 9.02 6.23 67,451 191 4.92 6.15 69,504 191 8.79 6.15 69,504 192 4.83 6.06 71,146 192 8.65 6.06 71,146 193 4.71 5.99 72,748 193 8.43 5.99 72,748 194 4.63 5.81 74,349 194 8.33 5.81 74,349 195 4.51 5.74 75,821 195 8.10 5.74 75,821 196 4.42 5.81 76,979 196 7.99 5.81 76,979 197 4.31 5.64 77,800 197 7.77 5.64 77,800 198 4.22 5.59 77,720 198 7.60 5.59 77,720 199 4.14 5.67 77,370 199 7.51 5.67 77,370 200 4.04 5.64 75,943 200 7.31 5.64 75,943 201 3.95 5.60 73,834 201 7.14 5.60 73,834 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 3 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 45 Table 5.2b READING Grade 3 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* (cont.) Beginning of Yr to Beginning of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) End of Yr to End of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 159 18.66 7.91 3,006 202 7.88 5.54 71,119 167 13.64 7.90 5,250 210 5.95 5.47 56,754 160 18.13 7.85 4,135 203 7.65 5.51 67,998 168 13.50 7.86 5,930 211 5.82 5.44 53,622 161 17.73 7.85 5,407 204 7.42 5.47 64,140 169 13.13 7.84 6,595 212 5.67 5.41 50,080 162 17.25 7.87 6,758 205 7.33 5.30 60,279 170 13.01 7.81 7,361 213 5.66 5.51 45,862 163 16.80 7.79 8,131 206 7.08 5.39 55,884 171 12.87 7.79 8,109 214 5.51 5.49 41,395 164 16.42 7.76 9,454 207 6.98 5.25 51,421 172 12.61 7.75 8,890 215 5.30 5.49 36,990 165 16.18 7.74 10,879 208 6.77 5.36 47,016 173 12.44 7.72 9,907 216 5.23 5.49 32,694 166 15.90 7.71 12,237 209 6.55 5.35 42,938 174 12.28 7.68 10,959 217 4.82 4.87 28,502 167 15.60 7.66 13,704 210 6.47 5.36 38,491 175 12.11 7.64 11,924 218 4.73 4.88 24,907 168 15.38 7.59 15,263 211 6.26 5.34 34,460 176 11.84 7.57 13,091 219 4.64 4.88 21,525 169 15.18 7.53 16,965 212 6.15 5.34 30,379 177 11.69 7.51 14,477 220 4.55 4.87 18,502 170 14.94 7.50 18,655 213 5.92 5.34 26,445 178 11.46 7.45 15,739 221 4.45 4.88 15,535 171 14.56 7.42 20,682 214 5.66 5.35 22,401 179 11.23 7.39 17,140 222 4.36 4.88 12,949 172 14.34 7.37 22,626 215 5.25 4.65 19,041 180 10.92 7.33 18,811 223 4.24 4.89 10,767 173 14.02 7.32 24,695 216 5.13 4.63 15,953 181 10.84 7.27 20,583 224 4.13 4.93 8,836 174 13.75 7.30 26,858 217 5.00 4.64 13,329 182 10.54 7.20 22,144 225 3.96 4.96 7,253 175 13.41 7.24 29,119 218 4.85 4.65 11,019 183 10.27 7.13 23,826 226 3.87 4.95 5,902 176 13.24 7.19 31,466 219 4.73 4.64 9,160 184 10.02 7.08 25,670 227 3.74 4.98 4,769 177 12.94 7.11 34,044 220 4.60 4.62 7,443 185 9.88 7.05 27,630 228 3.51 5.01 3,735 178 12.78 7.07 36,575 221 4.42 4.63 5,908 186 9.58 7.00 29,381 229 3.37 5.00 2,952 179 12.52 6.96 39,248 222 4.24 4.60 4,684 187 9.39 6.94 31,669 230 3.31 4.97 2,304 180 12.33 6.90 42,023 223 4.12 4.59 3,680 188 9.24 6.88 33,940 231 3.07 4.94 1,766 181 12.06 6.83 44,751 224 3.95 4.61 2,837 189 8.97 6.81 36,198 232 3.04 4.95 1,341 182 11.75 6.78 47,315 225 3.78 4.64 2,209 190 8.92 6.73 38,467 183 11.58 6.70 50,157 191 8.68 6.64 40,752 184 11.28 6.63 52,775 192 8.45 6.58 42,918 185 11.13 6.57 55,396 193 8.35 6.50 45,703 186 10.83 6.51 57,953 194 8.15 6.28 48,604 187 10.69 6.44 60,683 195 8.02 6.23 51,516 188 10.40 6.37 63,147 196 7.80 6.31 54,942 189 10.26 6.31 65,346 197 7.58 6.23 58,265 190 10.01 6.23 67,451 198 7.55 6.17 60,975 191 9.75 6.15 69,504 199 7.36 6.12 63,627 192 9.60 6.06 71,146 200 7.20 6.04 65,810 193 9.35 5.99 72,748 201 7.18 5.97 67,355 194 9.25 5.81 74,349 202 7.00 5.92 68,340 195 8.99 5.74 75,821 203 6.79 5.85 68,897 196 8.88 5.81 76,979 204 6.72 5.80 68,437 197 8.64 5.64 77,800 205 6.54 5.76 67,894 198 8.45 5.59 77,720 206 6.33 5.73 66,471 199 8.36 5.67 77,370 207 6.31 5.69 64,688 200 8.14 5.64 75,943 208 6.12 5.66 62,403 201 7.95 5.60 73,834 209 5.98 5.50 60,081 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 3 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

46 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.3a READING Grade 4 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* Beginning of Yr to Middle of Yr ( 17 Instr'l Wks) Beginning of Yr to End of Yr ( 32 Instr'l Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 161 8.67 8.45 1,806 204 3.28 5.72 86,089 161 14.98 8.45 1,806 204 5.94 5.72 86,089 162 8.29 8.41 2,338 205 3.19 5.54 86,227 162 14.32 8.41 2,338 205 5.77 5.54 86,227 163 8.14 8.40 2,854 206 3.13 5.51 85,788 163 14.12 8.40 2,854 206 5.71 5.51 85,788 164 7.91 8.41 3,431 207 3.05 5.58 84,591 164 13.73 8.41 3,431 207 5.55 5.58 84,591 165 7.85 8.40 4,011 208 2.97 5.40 82,835 165 13.62 8.40 4,011 208 5.40 5.40 82,835 166 7.58 8.32 4,578 209 2.92 5.35 80,988 166 13.17 8.32 4,578 209 5.35 5.35 80,988 167 7.45 8.32 5,173 210 2.84 5.44 78,440 167 12.97 8.32 5,173 210 5.20 5.44 78,440 168 7.29 8.20 5,904 211 2.75 5.40 75,084 168 12.71 8.20 5,904 211 5.04 5.40 75,084 169 7.13 8.20 6,588 212 2.71 5.38 71,420 169 12.46 8.20 6,588 212 5.00 5.38 71,420 170 7.00 8.16 7,401 213 2.63 5.24 67,073 170 12.26 8.16 7,401 213 4.85 5.24 67,073 171 6.81 8.13 8,337 214 2.56 5.22 61,937 171 11.90 8.13 8,337 214 4.72 5.22 61,937 172 6.66 8.06 9,274 215 2.50 5.34 56,480 172 11.68 8.06 9,274 215 4.66 5.34 56,480 173 6.52 8.05 10,271 216 2.42 5.32 50,779 173 11.46 8.05 10,271 216 4.52 5.32 50,779 174 6.42 7.94 11,412 217 2.34 5.31 45,161 174 11.28 7.94 11,412 217 4.36 5.31 45,161 175 6.30 7.89 12,668 218 2.25 5.30 39,859 175 11.08 7.89 12,668 218 4.19 5.30 39,859 176 6.21 7.81 13,796 219 2.06 4.60 34,564 176 10.91 7.81 13,796 219 3.87 4.60 34,564 177 6.10 7.72 15,255 220 2.01 4.58 29,703 177 10.71 7.72 15,255 220 3.79 4.58 29,703 178 6.03 7.64 16,604 221 1.97 4.57 25,518 178 10.58 7.64 16,604 221 3.70 4.57 25,518 179 5.94 7.58 18,016 222 1.92 4.56 21,678 179 10.45 7.58 18,016 222 3.62 4.56 21,678 180 5.82 7.51 19,693 223 1.87 4.54 18,225 180 10.24 7.51 19,693 223 3.52 4.54 18,225 181 5.70 7.39 21,498 224 1.83 4.54 15,453 181 10.01 7.39 21,498 224 3.45 4.54 15,453 182 5.58 7.33 23,310 225 1.78 4.54 12941 182 9.84 7.33 23,310 225 3.35 4.54 12,941 183 5.45 7.26 25,551 226 1.70 4.55 10701 183 9.58 7.26 25,551 226 3.20 4.55 10,701 184 5.31 7.18 27,864 227 1.63 4.55 8693 184 9.37 7.18 27,864 227 3.08 4.55 8,693 185 5.14 7.10 30,065 228 1.55 4.54 7025 185 9.05 7.10 30,065 228 2.91 4.54 7,025 186 5.03 7.03 32,501 229 1.45 4.56 5,630 186 8.89 7.03 32,501 229 2.72 4.56 5,630 187 4.93 6.95 34,977 230 1.36 4.57 4,486 187 8.70 6.95 34,977 230 2.56 4.57 4,486 188 4.79 6.87 37,307 231 1.31 4.57 3,621 188 8.50 6.87 37,307 231 2.46 4.57 3,621 189 4.68 6.77 39,914 232 1.21 4.62 2,820 189 8.28 6.77 39,914 232 2.27 4.62 2,820 190 4.57 6.70 42,557 233 1.09 4.65 2,182 190 8.12 6.70 42,557 233 2.05 4.65 2,182 191 4.45 6.62 45,601 191 7.89 6.62 45,601 192 4.33 6.54 48,772 192 7.72 6.54 48,772 193 4.21 6.46 52,267 193 7.49 6.46 52,267 194 4.14 6.39 55,821 194 7.41 6.39 55,821 195 4.04 6.30 59,704 195 7.23 6.30 59,704 196 3.94 6.24 63,516 196 7.04 6.24 63,516 197 3.87 6.16 67,618 197 6.96 6.16 67,618 198 3.76 6.09 71,534 198 6.74 6.09 71,534 199 3.66 5.90 75,406 199 6.55 5.90 75,406 200 3.60 5.83 78,842 200 6.50 5.83 78,842 201 3.51 5.76 81,749 201 6.32 5.76 81,749 202 3.42 5.70 83,906 202 6.15 5.70 83,906 203 3.38 5.77 85,468 203 6.12 5.77 85,468 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 4 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 47 Table 5.3b READING Grade 4 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* (cont.) Beginning of Yr to Beginning of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) End of Yr to End of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 161 16.45 8.45 1,806 204 6.61 5.72 86,089 169 12.20 8.42 6,588 212 5.00 5.72 71,420 162 15.72 8.41 2,338 205 6.42 5.54 86,227 170 11.99 8.36 7,401 213 4.88 5.55 67,073 163 15.52 8.40 2,854 206 6.36 5.51 85,788 171 11.80 8.31 8,337 214 4.77 5.51 61,937 164 15.11 8.41 3,431 207 6.18 5.58 84,591 172 11.59 8.26 9,274 215 4.65 5.48 56,480 165 14.98 8.40 4,011 208 6.01 5.40 82,835 173 11.32 8.25 10,271 216 4.64 5.57 50,779 166 14.49 8.32 4,578 209 5.98 5.35 80,988 174 11.11 8.32 11,412 217 4.52 5.53 45,161 167 14.28 8.32 5,173 210 5.80 5.44 78,440 175 10.91 8.24 12,668 218 4.41 5.51 39,859 168 14.00 8.20 5,904 211 5.62 5.40 75,084 176 10.50 8.18 13,796 219 4.26 5.50 34,564 169 13.73 8.20 6,588 212 5.59 5.38 71,420 177 10.26 8.12 15,255 220 4.04 4.85 29,703 170 13.51 8.16 7,401 213 5.43 5.24 67,073 178 10.13 8.05 16,604 221 3.98 4.84 25,518 171 13.11 8.13 8,337 214 5.28 5.22 61,937 179 9.95 7.99 18,016 222 3.90 4.82 21,678 172 12.88 8.06 9,274 215 5.23 5.34 56,480 180 9.81 7.94 19,693 223 3.81 4.81 18,225 173 12.65 8.05 10,271 216 5.07 5.32 50,779 181 9.60 7.85 21,498 224 3.70 4.81 15,453 174 12.44 7.94 11,412 217 4.89 5.31 45,161 182 9.53 7.77 23,310 225 3.59 4.81 12,941 175 12.24 7.89 12,668 218 4.69 5.30 39,859 183 9.27 7.69 25,551 226 3.46 4.81 10,701 176 12.05 7.81 13,796 219 4.36 4.60 34,564 184 9.09 7.59 27,864 227 3.34 4.81 8,693 177 11.82 7.72 15,255 220 4.26 4.58 29,703 185 8.85 7.54 30,065 228 3.24 4.77 7,025 178 11.67 7.64 16,604 221 4.17 4.57 25,518 186 8.67 7.49 32,501 229 3.14 4.76 5,630 179 11.55 7.58 18,016 222 4.07 4.56 21,678 187 8.51 7.44 34,977 230 3.07 4.78 4,486 180 11.30 7.51 19,693 223 3.96 4.54 18,225 188 8.32 7.40 37,307 231 2.99 4.77 3,621 181 11.04 7.39 21,498 224 3.88 4.54 15,453 189 8.06 7.31 39,914 232 2.89 4.79 2,820 182 10.87 7.33 23,310 225 3.77 4.54 12941 190 7.79 7.22 42,557 233 2.75 4.78 2,182 183 10.58 7.26 25,551 226 3.60 4.55 10701 191 7.63 7.12 45,601 234 2.64 4.77 1,617 184 10.36 7.18 27,864 227 3.46 4.55 8693 192 7.42 7.04 48,772 235 2.53 4.73 1,199 185 10.00 7.10 30,065 228 3.28 4.54 7025 193 7.14 6.96 52,267 236 2.39 4.76 825 186 9.83 7.03 32,501 229 3.06 4.56 5,630 194 6.94 6.88 55,821 237 2.26 4.76 595 187 9.61 6.95 34,977 230 2.88 4.57 4,486 195 6.89 6.80 59,704 238 2.10 4.74 405 188 9.40 6.87 37,307 231 2.76 4.57 3,621 196 6.71 6.73 63,516 189 9.16 6.77 39,914 232 2.56 4.62 2,820 197 6.54 6.66 67,618 190 8.99 6.70 42,557 233 2.30 4.65 2,182 198 6.54 6.43 71,534 191 8.73 6.62 45,601 199 6.40 6.36 75,406 192 8.55 6.54 48,772 200 6.18 6.43 78,842 193 8.30 6.46 52,267 201 6.15 6.35 81,749 194 8.22 6.39 55,821 202 5.97 6.28 83,906 195 8.02 6.30 59,704 203 5.82 6.20 85,468 196 7.80 6.24 63,516 204 5.76 6.13 86,089 197 7.73 6.16 67,618 205 5.62 6.06 86,227 198 7.48 6.09 71,534 206 5.47 6.01 85,788 199 7.26 5.90 75,406 207 5.37 5.94 84,591 200 7.22 5.83 78,842 208 5.38 5.89 82,835 201 7.02 5.76 81,749 209 5.25 5.84 80,988 202 6.83 5.70 83,906 210 5.12 5.80 78,440 203 6.81 5.77 85,468 211 5.00 5.75 75,084 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 4 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

48 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.4a READING Grade 5 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* Beginning of Yr to Middle of Yr ( 17 Instr'l Wks) Beginning of Yr to End of Yr ( 32 Instr'l Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 165 7.35 8.86 1,999 208 2.61 5.77 88,830 165 12.73 8.86 1,999 208 4.73 5.77 88,830 166 7.08 8.83 2,251 209 2.56 5.80 91,313 166 12.28 8.83 2,251 209 4.63 5.80 91,313 167 6.91 8.77 2,584 210 2.53 5.74 92,961 167 11.99 8.77 2,584 210 4.63 5.74 92,961 168 6.89 8.71 2,917 211 2.47 5.62 94,145 168 11.96 8.71 2,917 211 4.50 5.62 94,145 169 6.72 8.75 3,334 212 2.41 5.58 94,287 169 11.63 8.75 3,334 212 4.38 5.58 94,287 170 6.50 8.69 3,648 213 2.36 5.48 93,974 170 11.27 8.69 3,648 213 4.30 5.48 93,974 171 6.31 8.69 4,167 214 2.33 5.57 92,208 171 10.96 8.69 4,167 214 4.29 5.57 92,208 172 6.19 8.62 4,608 215 2.27 5.52 89,817 172 10.78 8.62 4,608 215 4.18 5.52 89,817 173 5.96 8.60 5,183 216 2.23 5.35 86,644 173 10.40 8.60 5,183 216 4.10 5.35 86,644 174 5.77 8.54 5,674 217 2.16 5.45 82,285 174 10.10 8.54 5,674 217 3.97 5.45 82,285 175 5.68 8.49 6,358 218 2.13 5.42 76,889 175 9.92 8.49 6,358 218 3.95 5.42 76,889 176 5.60 8.42 7,015 219 2.05 5.40 71,362 176 9.78 8.42 7,015 219 3.81 5.40 71,362 177 5.54 8.42 7,714 220 1.98 5.36 65,282 177 9.71 8.42 7,714 220 3.67 5.36 65,282 178 5.42 8.35 8,423 221 1.90 5.22 59,150 178 9.49 8.35 8,423 221 3.52 5.22 59,150 179 5.36 8.22 9,350 222 1.75 4.64 53,132 179 9.37 8.22 9,350 222 3.29 4.64 53,132 180 5.22 8.11 10,238 223 1.70 4.62 47,597 180 9.11 8.11 10,238 223 3.20 4.62 47,597 181 5.16 8.02 11,140 224 1.65 4.58 42,161 181 9.05 8.02 11,140 224 3.11 4.58 42,161 182 5.05 7.92 12,250 225 1.61 4.58 37,312 182 8.83 7.92 12,250 225 3.03 4.58 37,312 183 4.91 7.83 13,404 226 1.56 4.54 32,438 183 8.63 7.83 13,404 226 2.94 4.54 32,438 184 4.74 7.76 14,526 227 1.52 4.53 28,227 184 8.30 7.76 14,526 227 2.86 4.53 28,227 185 4.65 7.67 15,931 228 1.48 4.51 24,357 185 8.12 7.67 15,931 228 2.78 4.51 24,357 186 4.52 7.60 17,343 229 1.42 4.50 20717 186 7.92 7.60 17,343 229 2.67 4.50 20,717 187 4.37 7.51 19,000 230 1.36 4.46 17377 187 7.70 7.51 19,000 230 2.56 4.46 17,377 188 4.26 7.43 20,657 231 1.31 4.45 14572 188 7.50 7.43 20,657 231 2.47 4.45 14,572 189 4.18 7.36 22,580 232 1.25 4.41 11846 189 7.38 7.36 22,580 232 2.35 4.41 11,846 190 4.04 7.28 24,591 233 1.19 4.41 9634 190 7.12 7.28 24,591 233 2.23 4.41 9,634 191 3.97 7.18 27,075 234 1.12 4.40 7671 191 7.03 7.18 27,075 234 2.11 4.40 7,671 192 3.87 7.09 29,383 235 1.03 4.41 6,050 192 6.86 7.09 29,383 235 1.94 4.41 6,050 193 3.77 6.96 32,241 236 0.95 4.40 4,687 193 6.66 6.96 32,241 236 1.78 4.40 4,687 194 3.66 6.86 35,392 237 0.88 4.42 3,674 194 6.51 6.86 35,392 237 1.65 4.42 3,674 195 3.55 6.65 38,692 238 0.78 4.41 2,767 195 6.31 6.65 38,692 238 1.46 4.41 2,767 196 3.46 6.57 42,225 239 0.70 4.38 2,079 196 6.13 6.57 42,225 239 1.32 4.38 2,079 197 3.39 6.50 46,489 197 6.04 6.50 46,489 198 3.30 6.42 50,493 198 5.88 6.42 50,493 199 3.24 6.34 55,000 199 5.75 6.34 55,000 200 3.18 6.31 59,527 200 5.70 6.31 59,527 201 3.07 6.19 64,019 201 5.49 6.19 64,019 202 3.00 6.11 68,118 202 5.37 6.11 68,118 203 2.94 6.05 72,898 203 5.30 6.05 72,898 204 2.86 6.03 76,647 204 5.15 6.03 76,647 205 2.79 5.91 80,301 205 5.02 5.91 80,301 206 2.76 5.84 83,434 206 5.00 5.84 83,434 207 2.68 5.84 86,789 207 4.86 5.84 86,789 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 5 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 49 Table 5.4b READING Grade 5 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* (cont.) Beginning of Yr to Beginning of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) End of Yr to End of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 165 13.99 8.86 1,999 208 5.26 5.77 88,830 171 10.87 8.64 2,085 214 3.95 5.82 77,181 166 13.50 8.83 2,251 209 5.15 5.80 91,313 172 10.45 8.46 2,282 215 3.87 5.78 77,392 167 13.19 8.77 2,584 210 5.16 5.74 92,961 173 10.40 8.53 2,516 216 3.83 5.73 76,685 168 13.15 8.71 2,917 211 5.01 5.62 94,145 174 9.95 8.48 2,789 217 3.84 5.80 75,260 169 12.78 8.75 3,334 212 4.89 5.58 94,287 175 9.75 8.43 3,098 218 3.61 5.13 73,121 170 12.39 8.69 3,648 213 4.79 5.48 93,974 176 9.72 8.43 3,471 219 3.56 5.09 70,594 171 12.06 8.69 4,167 214 4.80 5.57 92,208 177 9.43 8.39 3,805 220 3.52 5.05 67,691 172 11.87 8.62 4,608 215 4.67 5.52 89,817 178 9.24 8.39 4,174 221 3.45 5.03 64,147 173 11.46 8.60 5,183 216 4.58 5.35 86,644 179 9.05 8.32 4,655 222 3.39 5.01 60,060 174 11.13 8.54 5,674 217 4.44 5.45 82,285 180 8.78 8.35 5,045 223 3.33 4.98 55,734 175 10.93 8.49 6,358 218 4.43 5.42 76,889 181 8.51 8.34 5,537 224 3.24 4.95 51,291 176 10.77 8.42 7,015 219 4.28 5.40 71,362 182 8.29 8.29 6,128 225 3.16 4.93 46,917 177 10.70 8.42 7,714 220 4.11 5.36 65,282 183 8.11 8.24 6,721 226 3.10 4.90 42,543 178 10.46 8.35 8,423 221 3.95 5.22 59,150 184 7.91 8.18 7,338 227 3.00 4.87 38,386 179 10.32 8.22 9,350 222 3.70 4.64 53,132 185 7.84 8.05 8,112 228 2.89 4.82 34,341 180 10.03 8.11 10,238 223 3.60 4.62 47,597 186 7.58 7.96 8,825 229 2.80 4.78 30,485 181 9.98 8.02 11,140 224 3.50 4.58 42,161 187 7.38 7.92 9,638 230 2.69 4.73 26,483 182 9.73 7.92 12,250 225 3.41 4.58 37,312 188 7.20 7.84 10,405 231 2.57 4.69 22,791 183 9.52 7.83 13,404 226 3.31 4.54 32,438 189 6.89 7.80 11,454 232 2.45 4.67 19,542 184 9.15 7.76 14,526 227 3.22 4.53 28,227 190 6.71 7.78 12,544 233 2.31 4.65 16,338 185 8.95 7.67 15,931 228 3.12 4.51 24,357 191 6.59 7.71 13,770 234 2.20 4.65 13,488 186 8.74 7.60 17,343 229 3.00 4.50 20717 192 6.43 7.62 15,065 235 2.11 4.65 11,033 187 8.50 7.51 19,000 230 2.88 4.46 17377 193 6.18 7.54 16,725 236 1.98 4.68 8,966 188 8.28 7.43 20,657 231 2.78 4.45 14572 194 6.07 7.46 18,469 237 1.87 4.68 7,065 189 8.16 7.36 22,580 232 2.64 4.41 11846 195 5.92 7.34 20,526 238 1.75 4.69 5,611 190 7.87 7.28 24,591 233 2.51 4.41 9634 196 5.81 7.27 22,776 239 1.63 4.73 4,316 191 7.78 7.18 27,075 234 2.38 4.40 7671 197 5.64 7.17 25,546 240 1.49 4.69 3,359 192 7.59 7.09 29,383 235 2.18 4.41 6,050 198 5.38 7.12 28,501 241 1.41 4.61 2,566 193 7.36 6.96 32,241 236 2.00 4.40 4,687 199 5.36 7.02 31,526 242 1.26 4.59 1,924 194 7.21 6.86 35,392 237 1.86 4.42 3,674 200 5.18 6.95 34,800 195 6.98 6.65 38,692 238 1.64 4.41 2,767 201 4.99 6.87 38,227 196 6.78 6.57 42,225 239 1.49 4.38 2,079 202 4.97 6.81 41,644 197 6.70 6.50 46,489 203 4.88 6.71 45,323 198 6.52 6.42 50,493 204 4.76 6.64 48,785 199 6.37 6.34 55,000 205 4.64 6.55 52,289 200 6.33 6.31 59,527 206 4.53 6.47 55,915 201 6.09 6.19 64,019 207 4.52 6.28 59,352 202 5.95 6.11 68,118 208 4.43 6.33 62,675 203 5.89 6.05 72,898 209 4.32 6.27 66,133 204 5.72 6.03 76,647 210 4.21 6.19 69,136 205 5.57 5.91 80,301 211 4.22 6.01 71,956 206 5.57 5.84 83,434 212 4.11 5.94 74,385 207 5.41 5.84 86,789 213 4.02 5.88 76,231 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 5 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

50 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.5a READING Grade 6 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* Beginning of Yr to Middle of Yr ( 17 Instr'l Wks) Beginning of Yr to End of Yr ( 32 Instr'l Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 168 7.25 8.76 1,707 211 2.39 5.94 82,292 168 12.40 8.76 1,707 211 4.31 5.94 82,292 169 7.21 8.73 1,926 212 2.34 5.89 85,383 169 12.32 8.73 1,926 212 4.27 5.89 85,383 170 7.13 8.84 2,153 213 2.28 5.86 88,186 170 12.18 8.84 2,153 213 4.14 5.86 88,186 171 6.85 8.66 2,428 214 2.20 5.73 89,817 171 11.74 8.66 2,428 214 3.99 5.73 89,817 172 6.76 8.71 2,661 215 2.14 5.69 90,805 172 11.57 8.71 2,661 215 3.94 5.69 90,805 173 6.57 8.76 3,004 216 2.07 5.63 91,151 173 11.31 8.76 3,004 216 3.79 5.63 91,151 174 6.51 8.71 3,315 217 1.98 5.59 90,367 174 11.19 8.71 3,315 217 3.64 5.59 90,367 175 6.36 8.67 3,607 218 1.91 5.53 88,371 175 10.97 8.67 3,607 218 3.55 5.53 88,371 176 6.27 8.61 3,931 219 1.82 5.44 85,723 176 10.84 8.61 3,931 219 3.37 5.44 85,723 177 6.12 8.56 4,319 220 1.73 5.40 82,235 177 10.56 8.56 4,319 220 3.20 5.40 82,235 178 6.11 8.55 4,741 221 1.62 4.81 77,990 178 10.55 8.55 4,741 221 3.05 4.81 77,990 179 5.90 8.52 5,212 222 1.57 4.77 73,540 179 10.14 8.52 5,212 222 2.96 4.77 73,540 180 5.77 8.47 5,806 223 1.53 4.74 69,022 180 9.96 8.47 5,806 223 2.88 4.74 69,022 181 5.66 8.39 6,433 224 1.48 4.68 64,437 181 9.75 8.39 6,433 224 2.78 4.68 64,437 182 5.56 8.34 7,080 225 1.42 4.64 59,741 182 9.61 8.34 7,080 225 2.68 4.64 59,741 183 5.33 8.25 7,797 226 1.37 4.60 55,262 183 9.22 8.25 7,797 226 2.58 4.60 55,262 184 5.20 8.15 8,520 227 1.31 4.56 50,681 184 9.01 8.15 8,520 227 2.47 4.56 50,681 185 5.05 8.04 9,335 228 1.25 4.52 46,207 185 8.74 8.04 9,335 228 2.36 4.52 46,207 186 4.92 7.93 10,213 229 1.20 4.50 41,787 186 8.55 7.93 10,213 229 2.25 4.50 41,787 187 4.76 7.85 11,166 230 1.14 4.47 37,733 187 8.25 7.85 11,166 230 2.14 4.47 37,733 188 4.62 7.81 12,268 231 1.08 4.44 33,683 188 8.02 7.81 12,268 231 2.04 4.44 33,683 189 4.48 7.74 13,544 232 1.02 4.42 29786 189 7.81 7.74 13,544 232 1.92 4.42 29,786 190 4.35 7.66 14,801 233 0.96 4.40 25959 190 7.61 7.66 14,801 233 1.80 4.40 25,959 191 4.26 7.59 16,267 234 0.91 4.37 22429 191 7.44 7.59 16,267 234 1.71 4.37 22,429 192 4.13 7.49 18,022 235 0.85 4.35 18901 192 7.24 7.49 18,022 235 1.60 4.35 18,901 193 4.04 7.36 19,696 236 0.79 4.34 15638 193 7.08 7.36 19,696 236 1.48 4.34 15,638 194 3.94 7.26 21,467 237 0.73 4.33 12683 194 6.90 7.26 21,467 237 1.38 4.33 12,683 195 3.85 7.17 23,744 238 0.66 4.31 10254 195 6.77 7.17 23,744 238 1.24 4.31 10,254 196 3.69 7.08 26,411 239 0.58 4.30 7970 196 6.46 7.08 26,411 239 1.09 4.30 7,970 197 3.62 6.98 29,186 240 0.50 4.29 6,179 197 6.37 6.98 29,186 240 0.93 4.29 6,179 198 3.49 6.90 32,290 241 0.44 4.35 4,719 198 6.13 6.90 32,290 241 0.83 4.35 4,719 199 3.41 6.82 35,844 242 0.36 4.37 3,603 199 6.04 6.82 35,844 242 0.68 4.37 3,603 200 3.30 6.75 39,525 243 0.28 4.38 2,695 200 5.83 6.75 39,525 243 0.52 4.38 2,695 201 3.19 6.67 43,289 244 0.23 4.37 2,041 201 5.61 6.67 43,289 244 0.43 4.37 2,041 202 3.11 6.61 47,002 202 5.51 6.61 47,002 203 3.02 6.54 50,927 203 5.34 6.54 50,927 204 2.95 6.48 54,757 204 5.27 6.48 54,757 205 2.86 6.39 58,614 205 5.09 6.39 58,614 206 2.79 6.38 62,414 206 4.96 6.38 62,414 207 2.72 6.28 66,602 207 4.87 6.28 66,602 208 2.63 6.18 70,528 208 4.71 6.18 70,528 209 2.54 6.10 74,818 209 4.54 6.10 74,818 210 2.49 6.04 78,742 210 4.50 6.04 78,742 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 6 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 51 Table 5.5b READING Grade 6 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* (cont.) Beginning of Yr to Beginning of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) End of Yr to End of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 168 13.57 8.76 1,707 211 4.79 5.94 82,292 173 12.34 8.98 1,919 216 3.86 5.92 69,704 169 13.49 8.73 1,926 212 4.76 5.89 85,383 174 12.06 8.95 2,135 217 3.70 5.87 70,689 170 13.33 8.84 2,153 213 4.62 5.86 88,186 175 11.78 8.89 2,355 218 3.67 5.83 70,881 171 12.86 8.66 2,428 214 4.45 5.73 89,817 176 11.35 8.75 2,580 219 3.50 5.79 70,442 172 12.67 8.71 2,661 215 4.40 5.69 90,805 177 11.17 8.75 2,732 220 3.28 5.12 69,524 173 12.40 8.76 3,004 216 4.24 5.63 91,151 178 10.73 8.71 3,032 221 3.23 5.09 68,225 174 12.28 8.71 3,315 217 4.06 5.59 90,367 179 10.56 8.58 3,280 222 3.15 5.05 66,160 175 12.04 8.67 3,607 218 3.98 5.53 88,371 180 10.34 8.61 3,585 223 3.06 5.08 64,070 176 11.91 8.61 3,931 219 3.78 5.44 85,723 181 10.04 8.52 3,954 224 2.98 5.02 61,402 177 11.59 8.56 4,319 220 3.59 5.40 82,235 182 9.83 8.47 4,338 225 2.90 4.98 58,868 178 11.58 8.55 4,741 221 3.43 4.81 77,990 183 9.58 8.40 4,736 226 2.79 4.94 56,174 179 11.12 8.52 5,212 222 3.33 4.77 73,540 184 9.33 8.34 5,175 227 2.69 4.91 53,603 180 10.93 8.47 5,806 223 3.24 4.74 69,022 185 9.14 8.23 5,573 228 2.60 4.80 50,336 181 10.70 8.39 6,433 224 3.13 4.68 64,437 186 8.94 8.20 6,010 229 2.49 4.76 47,401 182 10.55 8.34 7,080 225 3.02 4.64 59,741 187 8.66 8.06 6,536 230 2.37 4.73 43,909 183 10.13 8.25 7,797 226 2.91 4.60 55,262 188 8.62 8.00 7,127 231 2.28 4.69 40,288 184 9.91 8.15 8,520 227 2.78 4.56 50,681 189 8.34 7.93 7,774 232 2.18 4.64 36,625 185 9.60 8.04 9,335 228 2.66 4.52 46,207 190 7.99 7.86 8,661 233 2.09 4.61 32,878 186 9.40 7.93 10,213 229 2.53 4.50 41,787 191 7.85 7.80 9,389 234 1.98 4.60 28,863 187 9.06 7.85 11,166 230 2.41 4.47 37,733 192 7.52 7.76 10,397 235 1.88 4.57 25,092 188 8.82 7.81 12,268 231 2.29 4.44 33,683 193 7.24 7.64 11,453 236 1.75 4.55 21,387 189 8.60 7.74 13,544 232 2.16 4.42 29786 194 7.10 7.57 12,739 237 1.65 4.54 17,914 190 8.39 7.66 14,801 233 2.03 4.40 25959 195 6.96 7.53 13,997 238 1.50 4.51 14,857 191 8.20 7.59 16,267 234 1.92 4.37 22429 196 6.67 7.43 15,671 239 1.40 4.50 12,076 192 7.98 7.49 18,022 235 1.80 4.35 18901 197 6.52 7.34 17,269 240 1.26 4.49 9,658 193 7.80 7.36 19,696 236 1.66 4.34 15638 198 6.43 7.26 19,302 241 1.19 4.50 7,545 194 7.60 7.26 21,467 237 1.55 4.33 12683 199 6.20 7.18 21,334 242 1.05 4.49 5,727 195 7.47 7.17 23,744 238 1.40 4.31 10254 200 6.01 7.06 23,535 243 1.00 4.53 4,352 196 7.13 7.08 26,411 239 1.23 4.30 7970 201 5.96 7.02 25,865 244 0.87 4.62 3,268 197 7.04 6.98 29,186 240 1.05 4.29 6,179 202 5.77 6.93 28,491 245 0.81 4.69 2,419 198 6.77 6.90 32,290 241 0.93 4.35 4,719 203 5.64 6.87 31,215 246 0.60 4.72 1,742 199 6.67 6.82 35,844 242 0.77 4.37 3,603 204 5.44 6.76 33,975 200 6.45 6.75 39,525 243 0.59 4.38 2,695 205 5.29 6.69 36,853 201 6.20 6.67 43,289 244 0.49 4.37 2,041 206 5.22 6.58 39,862 202 6.10 6.61 47,002 207 5.03 6.50 42,893 203 5.91 6.54 50,927 208 4.98 6.43 45,776 204 5.84 6.48 54,757 209 4.78 6.35 49,118 205 5.64 6.39 58,614 210 4.71 6.29 52,673 206 5.49 6.38 62,414 211 4.49 6.23 56,111 207 5.41 6.28 66,602 212 4.42 6.18 59,538 208 5.23 6.18 70,528 213 4.23 6.11 62,913 209 5.04 6.10 74,818 214 4.04 6.05 65,891 210 5.00 6.04 78,742 215 4.00 5.98 68,055 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 6 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

52 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.6a READING Grade 7 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* Beginning of Yr to Middle of Yr ( 17 Instr'l Wks) Beginning of Yr to End of Yr ( 32 Instr'l Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 169 8.11 9.17 1,314 212 2.54 6.02 69,752 169 13.49 9.17 1,314 212 4.44 6.02 69,752 170 7.93 9.07 1,473 213 2.46 5.96 73,757 170 13.25 9.07 1,473 213 4.35 5.96 73,757 171 7.87 8.99 1,634 214 2.35 5.89 77,615 171 13.08 8.99 1,634 214 4.13 5.89 77,615 172 7.69 8.87 1,865 215 2.28 5.83 80,842 172 12.93 8.87 1,865 215 4.06 5.83 80,842 173 7.60 8.93 2,017 216 2.17 5.79 83,562 173 12.77 8.93 2,017 216 3.84 5.79 83,562 174 7.53 8.88 2,211 217 2.09 5.73 85,412 174 12.65 8.88 2,211 217 3.74 5.73 85,412 175 7.53 8.84 2,434 218 1.99 5.68 86,253 175 12.64 8.84 2,434 218 3.55 5.68 86,253 176 7.38 8.89 2,645 219 1.92 5.63 86,579 176 12.40 8.89 2,645 219 3.47 5.63 86,579 177 7.33 8.83 2,875 220 1.83 5.59 85,539 177 12.21 8.83 2,875 220 3.34 5.59 85,539 178 7.12 8.75 3,151 221 1.72 5.53 84,038 178 11.92 8.75 3,151 221 3.14 5.53 84,038 179 6.95 8.71 3,466 222 1.65 5.48 81,929 179 11.64 8.71 3,466 222 3.05 5.48 81,929 180 6.67 8.73 3,788 223 1.53 5.44 79,566 180 11.20 8.73 3,788 223 2.83 5.44 79,566 181 6.52 8.59 4,185 224 1.38 4.67 76,280 181 10.97 8.59 4,185 224 2.60 4.67 76,280 182 6.26 8.50 4,617 225 1.33 4.62 73,716 182 10.54 8.50 4,617 225 2.50 4.62 73,716 183 6.03 8.36 5,104 226 1.27 4.56 70,257 183 10.16 8.36 5,104 226 2.39 4.56 70,257 184 5.86 8.25 5,559 227 1.21 4.51 67,149 184 9.83 8.25 5,559 227 2.28 4.51 67,149 185 5.70 8.18 6,045 228 1.16 4.45 63,463 185 9.58 8.18 6,045 228 2.18 4.45 63,463 186 5.55 8.13 6,570 229 1.09 4.41 60,072 186 9.34 8.13 6,570 229 2.05 4.41 60,072 187 5.45 8.10 7,107 230 1.03 4.37 55,941 187 9.20 8.10 7,107 230 1.94 4.37 55,941 188 5.35 8.04 7,719 231 0.97 4.34 52,100 188 9.06 8.04 7,719 231 1.82 4.34 52,100 189 5.20 7.97 8,444 232 0.90 4.30 47,553 189 8.83 7.97 8,444 232 1.69 4.30 47,553 190 5.05 7.84 9,278 233 0.83 4.28 43192 190 8.59 7.84 9,278 233 1.57 4.28 43,192 191 4.92 7.77 10,245 234 0.78 4.26 38493 191 8.36 7.77 10,245 234 1.47 4.26 38,493 192 4.73 7.71 11,383 235 0.72 4.24 33845 192 8.04 7.71 11,383 235 1.35 4.24 33,845 193 4.56 7.61 12,544 236 0.65 4.23 29264 193 7.77 7.61 12,544 236 1.23 4.23 29,264 194 4.45 7.52 13,890 237 0.60 4.22 24932 194 7.61 7.52 13,890 237 1.13 4.22 24,932 195 4.33 7.38 15,405 238 0.52 4.19 20836 195 7.39 7.38 15,405 238 0.99 4.19 20,836 196 4.13 7.31 17,092 239 0.44 4.17 17085 196 7.06 7.31 17,092 239 0.83 4.17 17,085 197 4.06 7.18 19,013 240 0.36 4.20 13881 197 6.97 7.18 19,013 240 0.67 4.20 13,881 198 3.94 7.07 21,216 241 0.28 4.21 10952 198 6.74 7.07 21,216 241 0.52 4.21 10,952 199 3.81 7.01 23,560 242 0.17 4.19 8588 199 6.55 7.01 23,560 242 0.33 4.19 8,588 200 3.70 6.95 26,187 243 0.08 4.20 6,630 200 6.34 6.95 26,187 243 0.16 4.20 6,630 201 3.64 6.82 29,059 244 0.01 4.27 5,109 201 6.28 6.82 29,059 244 0.02 4.27 5,109 202 3.51 6.75 32,024 245-0.10 4.22 3,857 202 6.04 6.75 32,024 245-0.18 4.22 3,857 203 3.43 6.68 35,291 246-0.16 4.22 2,860 203 5.93 6.68 35,291 246-0.29 4.22 2,860 204 3.33 6.60 38,465 247-0.24 4.33 2,084 204 5.73 6.60 38,465 247-0.46 4.33 2,084 205 3.22 6.52 41,884 205 5.59 6.52 41,884 206 3.10 6.46 45,377 206 5.36 6.46 45,377 207 3.02 6.38 49,182 207 5.26 6.38 49,182 208 2.91 6.29 53,050 208 5.04 6.29 53,050 209 2.83 6.21 57,159 209 4.94 6.21 57,159 210 2.72 6.15 61,373 210 4.73 6.15 61,373 211 2.66 6.08 65,662 211 4.67 6.08 65,662 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 7 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 53 Table 5.6b READING Grade 7 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* (cont.) Beginning of Yr to Beginning of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) End of Yr to End of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 169 14.64 9.17 1,314 212 4.90 6.02 69,752 174 13.46 9.35 1,406 217 3.73 5.94 57,690 170 14.40 9.07 1,473 213 4.81 5.96 73,757 175 13.23 9.41 1,551 218 3.63 5.89 59,183 171 14.19 8.99 1,634 214 4.56 5.89 77,615 176 12.68 9.26 1,675 219 3.45 5.84 60,246 172 14.09 8.87 1,865 215 4.50 5.83 80,842 177 12.46 9.24 1,823 220 3.33 5.78 60,889 173 13.91 8.93 2,017 216 4.25 5.79 83,562 178 12.41 9.21 1,985 221 3.23 5.72 60,979 174 13.77 8.88 2,211 217 4.15 5.73 85,412 179 12.16 9.26 2,168 222 3.10 5.67 60,689 175 13.76 8.84 2,434 218 3.94 5.68 86,253 180 11.75 9.16 2,389 223 2.81 5.64 60,380 176 13.50 8.89 2,645 219 3.86 5.63 86,579 181 11.47 9.08 2,617 224 2.70 5.59 59,614 177 13.26 8.83 2,875 220 3.73 5.59 85,539 182 11.02 9.08 2,823 225 2.49 4.89 58,577 178 12.96 8.75 3,151 221 3.50 5.53 84,038 183 10.72 8.97 3,043 226 2.39 4.86 57,643 179 12.66 8.71 3,466 222 3.42 5.48 81,929 184 10.37 8.81 3,311 227 2.28 4.83 56,527 180 12.20 8.73 3,788 223 3.17 5.44 79,566 185 10.04 8.68 3,590 228 2.17 4.78 55,024 181 11.95 8.59 4,185 224 2.93 4.67 76,280 186 9.83 8.65 3,914 229 2.05 4.73 53,410 182 11.49 8.50 4,617 225 2.81 4.62 73,716 187 9.67 8.52 4,269 230 1.96 4.69 51,435 183 11.07 8.36 5,104 226 2.69 4.56 70,257 188 9.39 8.33 4,671 231 1.85 4.64 48,858 184 10.70 8.25 5,559 227 2.56 4.51 67,149 189 9.06 8.33 5,133 232 1.74 4.59 45,979 185 10.43 8.18 6,045 228 2.45 4.45 63,463 190 8.86 8.24 5,508 233 1.65 4.54 42,713 186 10.18 8.13 6,570 229 2.31 4.41 60,072 191 8.73 8.12 5,960 234 1.57 4.50 39,054 187 10.03 8.10 7,107 230 2.18 4.37 55,941 192 8.45 8.01 6,499 235 1.47 4.48 34,977 188 9.89 8.04 7,719 231 2.05 4.34 52,100 193 8.21 7.92 7,182 236 1.38 4.47 31,085 189 9.64 7.97 8,444 232 1.90 4.30 47,553 194 7.90 7.78 7,905 237 1.26 4.46 27,143 190 9.39 7.84 9,278 233 1.77 4.28 43192 195 7.66 7.71 8,819 238 1.13 4.44 23,335 191 9.13 7.77 10,245 234 1.66 4.26 38493 196 7.33 7.61 9,794 239 0.98 4.44 19,789 192 8.78 7.71 11,383 235 1.52 4.24 33845 197 7.10 7.55 11,077 240 0.82 4.43 16,612 193 8.49 7.61 12,544 236 1.38 4.23 29264 198 6.84 7.41 12,237 241 0.68 4.39 13,700 194 8.33 7.52 13,890 237 1.27 4.22 24932 199 6.76 7.36 13,520 242 0.51 4.39 11,060 195 8.08 7.38 15,405 238 1.11 4.19 20836 200 6.53 7.25 15,013 243 0.37 4.42 8,797 196 7.73 7.31 17,092 239 0.93 4.17 17085 201 6.35 7.15 16,631 244 0.16 4.46 6,879 197 7.64 7.18 19,013 240 0.76 4.20 13881 202 6.20 7.04 18,282 245-0.01 4.58 5,289 198 7.38 7.07 21,216 241 0.58 4.21 10952 203 6.07 7.01 20,133 246-0.21 4.67 4,007 199 7.18 7.01 23,560 242 0.37 4.19 8588 204 5.84 6.93 22,158 247-0.41 4.77 3,060 200 6.94 6.95 26,187 243 0.18 4.20 6,630 205 5.59 6.86 24,391 248-0.60 4.83 2,276 201 6.90 6.82 29,059 244 0.02 4.27 5,109 206 5.50 6.78 26,713 249-0.82 4.80 1,649 202 6.62 6.75 32,024 245-0.20 4.22 3,857 207 5.41 6.71 29,052 203 6.52 6.68 35,291 246-0.33 4.22 2,860 208 5.18 6.61 31,762 204 6.29 6.60 38,465 247-0.52 4.33 2,084 209 5.12 6.50 34,677 205 6.15 6.52 41,884 210 4.88 6.43 37,454 206 5.88 6.46 45,377 211 4.66 6.35 40,617 207 5.79 6.38 49,182 212 4.51 6.26 43,909 208 5.54 6.29 53,050 213 4.29 6.20 47,059 209 5.45 6.21 57,159 214 4.13 6.15 50,092 210 5.21 6.15 61,373 215 4.00 6.05 53,208 211 5.15 6.08 65,662 216 3.95 6.00 55,666 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 7 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

54 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.7a READING Grade 8 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* Beginning of Yr to Middle of Yr ( 17 Instr'l Wks) Beginning of Yr to End of Yr ( 32 Instr'l Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 171 8.53 9.75 702 214 2.23 6.10 39,941 171 13.84 9.75 702 214 3.77 6.10 39,941 172 8.47 9.78 779 215 2.14 6.04 42,479 172 13.64 9.78 779 215 3.65 6.04 42,479 173 8.14 9.70 851 216 2.06 5.96 44,832 173 13.22 9.70 851 216 3.55 5.96 44,832 174 8.06 9.72 925 217 1.96 5.90 46,852 174 13.20 9.72 925 217 3.35 5.90 46,852 175 7.79 9.65 1,052 218 1.88 5.83 48,565 175 12.60 9.65 1,052 218 3.20 5.83 48,565 176 7.43 9.55 1,131 219 1.81 5.76 49,715 176 12.12 9.55 1,131 219 3.13 5.76 49,715 177 7.21 9.40 1,218 220 1.73 5.70 50,240 177 11.85 9.40 1,218 220 3.01 5.70 50,240 178 7.05 9.16 1,299 221 1.60 5.66 50,457 178 11.64 9.16 1,299 221 2.77 5.66 50,457 179 7.04 9.11 1,460 222 1.50 5.61 50,248 179 11.62 9.11 1,460 222 2.63 5.61 50,248 180 6.76 9.02 1,576 223 1.40 5.58 50,210 180 11.19 9.02 1,576 223 2.49 5.58 50,210 181 6.65 8.89 1,727 224 1.30 5.52 49,669 181 10.99 8.89 1,727 224 2.34 5.52 49,669 182 6.53 8.80 1,876 225 1.17 5.46 49,344 182 10.67 8.80 1,876 225 2.16 5.46 49,344 183 6.26 8.82 2,077 226 1.05 5.41 48,698 183 10.25 8.82 2,077 226 1.92 5.41 48,698 184 6.09 8.71 2,220 227 0.94 4.60 47,979 184 9.97 8.71 2,220 227 1.78 4.60 47,979 185 5.89 8.60 2,446 228 0.88 4.55 46,527 185 9.61 8.60 2,446 228 1.65 4.55 46,527 186 5.71 8.56 2,681 229 0.83 4.51 45,325 186 9.26 8.56 2,681 229 1.56 4.51 45,325 187 5.54 8.53 2,982 230 0.78 4.45 43,500 187 9.08 8.53 2,982 230 1.47 4.45 43,500 188 5.36 8.41 3,236 231 0.73 4.38 41,574 188 8.75 8.41 3,236 231 1.38 4.38 41,574 189 5.25 8.28 3,574 232 0.68 4.34 39,495 189 8.58 8.28 3,574 232 1.27 4.34 39,495 190 5.14 8.21 3,901 233 0.63 4.30 37,091 190 8.43 8.21 3,901 233 1.18 4.30 37,091 191 5.07 8.17 4,216 234 0.57 4.25 34,043 191 8.29 8.17 4,216 234 1.07 4.25 34,043 192 4.89 8.10 4,577 235 0.52 4.22 31114 192 8.01 8.10 4,577 235 0.98 4.22 31,114 193 4.84 7.97 5,070 236 0.46 4.19 27784 193 7.91 7.97 5,070 236 0.87 4.19 27,784 194 4.58 7.91 5,603 237 0.41 4.16 24337 194 7.48 7.91 5,603 237 0.76 4.16 24,337 195 4.38 7.82 6,236 238 0.34 4.14 20953 195 7.15 7.82 6,236 238 0.64 4.14 20,953 196 4.14 7.70 6,913 239 0.29 4.11 17898 196 6.78 7.70 6,913 239 0.55 4.11 17,898 197 4.04 7.59 7,758 240 0.22 4.12 14939 197 6.64 7.59 7,758 240 0.42 4.12 14,939 198 3.88 7.47 8,682 241 0.14 4.10 12353 198 6.40 7.47 8,682 241 0.27 4.10 12,353 199 3.71 7.36 9,642 242 0.04 4.07 9987 199 6.07 7.36 9,642 242 0.08 4.07 9,987 200 3.61 7.30 10,811 243-0.02 4.10 8061 200 5.99 7.30 10,811 243-0.03 4.10 8,061 201 3.58 7.17 12,228 244-0.13 4.14 6339 201 5.92 7.17 12,228 244-0.24 4.14 6,339 202 3.44 7.07 13,578 245-0.18 4.14 4924 202 5.65 7.07 13,578 245-0.34 4.14 4,924 203 3.36 6.95 15,125 246-0.24 4.36 3,808 203 5.56 6.95 15,125 246-0.44 4.36 3,808 204 3.32 6.85 16,886 247-0.32 4.50 2,960 204 5.48 6.85 16,886 247-0.61 4.50 2,960 205 3.21 6.74 18,475 248-0.45 4.61 2,232 205 5.28 6.74 18,475 248-0.85 4.61 2,232 206 3.07 6.71 20,349 249-0.52 4.75 1,673 206 5.10 6.71 20,349 249-0.98 4.75 1,673 207 2.97 6.62 22,347 250-0.72 4.98 1,243 207 4.92 6.62 22,347 250-1.35 4.98 1,243 208 2.88 6.58 24,415 208 4.76 6.58 24,415 209 2.76 6.52 26,695 209 4.56 6.52 26,695 210 2.69 6.43 29,297 210 4.48 6.43 29,297 211 2.60 6.33 31,823 211 4.31 6.33 31,823 212 2.47 6.26 34,509 212 4.12 6.26 34,509 213 2.33 6.17 37,201 213 3.91 6.17 37,201 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 8 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 55 Table 5.7b READING Grade 8 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) Four Comparison Intervals* (cont.) Beginning of Yr to Beginning of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) End of Yr to End of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 171 14.91 9.75 702 214 4.11 6.10 39,941 180 10.46 9.26 643 223 1.78 5.15 27,388 172 14.66 9.78 779 215 3.99 6.04 42,479 181 10.17 9.56 713 224 1.73 5.10 27,646 173 14.23 9.70 851 216 3.89 5.96 44,832 182 9.62 9.65 766 225 1.65 5.05 28,015 174 14.26 9.72 925 217 3.66 5.90 46,852 183 9.18 9.62 826 226 1.59 4.98 28,104 175 13.55 9.65 1,052 218 3.50 5.83 48,565 184 9.05 9.62 911 227 1.49 4.94 28,290 176 13.07 9.55 1,131 219 3.43 5.76 49,715 185 8.70 9.49 1,019 228 1.38 4.89 28,236 177 12.81 9.40 1,218 220 3.32 5.70 50,240 186 8.61 9.33 1,090 229 1.28 4.83 28,032 178 12.61 9.16 1,299 221 3.04 5.66 50,457 187 8.43 9.29 1,169 230 1.19 4.81 27,549 179 12.58 9.11 1,460 222 2.91 5.61 50,248 188 8.27 9.30 1,281 231 1.09 4.74 27,122 180 12.12 9.02 1,576 223 2.76 5.58 50,210 189 8.06 9.10 1,434 232 1.01 4.67 26,215 181 11.90 8.89 1,727 224 2.61 5.52 49,669 190 7.56 9.15 1,570 233 0.94 4.63 25,225 182 11.51 8.80 1,876 225 2.42 5.46 49,344 191 7.31 8.91 1,765 234 0.86 4.57 23,958 183 11.07 8.82 2,077 226 2.15 5.41 48,698 192 7.10 8.74 1,933 235 0.79 4.49 22,397 184 10.77 8.71 2,220 227 2.00 4.60 47,979 193 6.84 8.49 2,135 236 0.68 4.49 20,569 185 10.36 8.60 2,446 228 1.86 4.55 46,527 194 6.44 8.36 2,328 237 0.58 4.46 18,662 186 9.97 8.56 2,681 229 1.75 4.51 45,325 195 6.38 8.13 2,576 238 0.50 4.43 16,593 187 9.81 8.53 2,982 230 1.65 4.45 43,500 196 5.83 8.18 2,883 239 0.38 4.41 14,473 188 9.44 8.41 3,236 231 1.55 4.38 41,574 197 5.65 8.12 3,235 240 0.26 4.43 12,475 189 9.26 8.28 3,574 232 1.43 4.34 39,495 198 5.54 7.99 3,638 241 0.14 4.36 10,543 190 9.11 8.21 3,901 233 1.33 4.30 37,091 199 5.40 7.88 4,117 242 0.06 4.39 8,841 191 8.95 8.17 4,216 234 1.20 4.25 34,043 200 5.22 7.81 4,604 243-0.06 4.40 7,303 192 8.65 8.10 4,577 235 1.10 4.22 31114 201 4.98 7.63 5,161 244-0.19 4.44 5,991 193 8.54 7.97 5,070 236 0.98 4.19 27784 202 4.69 7.60 5,733 245-0.35 4.42 4,761 194 8.07 7.91 5,603 237 0.86 4.16 24337 203 4.44 7.59 6,411 246-0.53 4.52 3,786 195 7.71 7.82 6,236 238 0.72 4.14 20953 204 4.36 7.46 7,074 247-0.87 4.54 2,903 196 7.33 7.70 6,913 239 0.62 4.11 17898 205 4.11 7.32 7,826 248-1.07 4.60 2,211 197 7.18 7.59 7,758 240 0.48 4.12 14939 206 4.05 7.19 8,603 249-1.35 4.69 1,632 198 6.92 7.47 8,682 241 0.31 4.10 12353 207 3.99 7.07 9,509 199 6.56 7.36 9,642 242 0.09 4.07 9987 208 3.85 6.95 10,489 200 6.49 7.30 10,811 243-0.04 4.10 8061 209 3.69 6.86 11,577 201 6.42 7.17 12,228 244-0.27 4.14 6339 210 3.56 6.76 12,824 202 6.11 7.07 13,578 245-0.38 4.14 4924 211 3.41 6.72 14,160 203 6.02 6.95 15,125 246-0.50 4.36 3808 212 3.22 6.61 15,556 204 5.94 6.85 16,886 247-0.68 4.50 2960 213 3.09 6.50 16,922 205 5.71 6.74 18,475 248-0.95 4.61 2232 214 3.05 6.48 18,185 206 5.54 6.71 20,349 249-1.10 4.75 1673 215 2.82 6.41 19,544 207 5.34 6.62 22,347 250-1.52 4.98 1243 216 2.82 6.30 21,006 208 5.15 6.58 24,415 217 2.60 6.24 22,337 209 4.95 6.52 26,695 218 2.49 6.18 23,591 210 4.87 6.43 29,297 219 2.36 6.11 24,911 211 4.68 6.33 31,823 220 2.24 6.02 25,867 212 4.48 6.26 34,509 221 1.94 5.29 26,491 213 4.26 6.17 37,201 222 1.89 5.22 27,010 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 8 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

56 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.8a READING Grade 9 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* Beginning of Yr to Middle of Yr ( 17 Instr'l Wks) Beginning of Yr to End of Yr ( 32 Instr'l Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 179 4.62 7.77 421 222 1.10 4.94 20,968 179 8.70 7.77 421 222 2.07 4.94 20,968 180 4.59 7.79 468 223 1.03 4.84 21,394 180 8.63 7.79 468 223 1.94 4.84 21,394 181 4.56 7.77 523 224 0.94 4.75 21,809 181 8.59 7.77 523 224 1.78 4.75 21,809 182 4.39 7.49 562 225 0.87 4.68 22,247 182 8.26 7.49 562 225 1.64 4.68 22,247 183 4.39 7.34 596 226 0.82 4.66 22,514 183 8.26 7.34 596 226 1.55 4.66 22,514 184 4.35 7.22 630 227 0.76 4.60 22,731 184 8.18 7.22 630 227 1.43 4.60 22,731 185 4.13 7.20 685 228 0.71 4.53 22,911 185 7.77 7.20 685 228 1.33 4.53 22,911 186 3.83 7.09 756 229 0.64 4.48 23,107 186 7.21 7.09 756 229 1.21 4.48 23,107 187 3.66 7.32 820 230 0.58 4.39 23,040 187 6.89 7.32 820 230 1.10 4.39 23,040 188 3.42 7.33 898 231 0.51 4.36 22,884 188 6.44 7.33 898 231 0.97 4.36 22,884 189 3.29 7.26 1,005 232 0.46 4.29 22,421 189 6.20 7.26 1,005 232 0.86 4.29 22,421 190 3.27 7.23 1,102 233 0.40 4.25 21,811 190 6.16 7.23 1,102 233 0.75 4.25 21,811 191 3.18 7.36 1,203 234 0.36 4.20 20,801 191 5.99 7.36 1,203 234 0.68 4.20 20,801 192 3.13 7.22 1,331 235 0.31 4.16 19,558 192 5.88 7.22 1,331 235 0.58 4.16 19,558 193 3.12 7.11 1,508 236 0.26 4.08 18,006 193 5.87 7.11 1,508 236 0.49 4.08 18,006 194 3.03 6.94 1,697 237 0.21 4.04 16,428 194 5.71 6.94 1,697 237 0.40 4.04 16,428 195 2.82 6.89 1,872 238 0.15 3.99 14,672 195 5.30 6.89 1,872 238 0.29 3.99 14,672 196 2.64 6.78 2,099 239 0.10 3.95 12,885 196 4.98 6.78 2,099 239 0.18 3.95 12,885 197 2.52 6.67 2,371 240 0.04 3.93 11,134 197 4.75 6.67 2,371 240 0.07 3.93 11,134 198 2.39 6.46 2,636 241-0.01 3.92 9,546 198 4.49 6.46 2,636 241-0.03 3.92 9,546 199 2.35 6.50 2,905 242-0.07 3.89 8,093 199 4.42 6.50 2,905 242-0.14 3.89 8,093 200 2.34 6.39 3,224 243-0.13 3.926 6710 200 4.40 6.39 3,224 243-0.25 3.93 6,710 201 2.27 6.25 3,646 244-0.23 3.966 5470 201 4.28 6.25 3,646 244-0.43 3.97 5,470 202 2.19 6.20 4,061 245-0.34 3.999 4444 202 4.13 6.20 4,061 245-0.64 4.00 4,444 203 2.09 6.23 4,522 246-0.47 3.929 3565 203 3.93 6.23 4,522 246-0.88 3.93 3,565 204 2.03 6.11 5,004 247-0.60 3.951 2773 204 3.82 6.11 5,004 247-1.12 3.95 2,773 205 1.97 6.09 5,614 248-0.75 4.00 2,147 205 3.72 6.09 5,614 248-1.41 4.00 2,147 206 1.84 6.02 6,194 249-0.92 4.05 1,652 206 3.47 6.02 6,194 249-1.74 4.05 1,652 207 1.78 5.94 6,787 250-1.06 4.15 1,247 207 3.35 5.94 6,787 250-1.99 4.15 1,247 208 1.76 5.81 7,502 251-1.20 4.31 943 208 3.32 5.81 7,502 251-2.26 4.31 943 209 1.69 5.80 8,310 252-1.42 4.36 723 209 3.18 5.80 8,310 252-2.68 4.36 723 210 1.65 5.67 9,159 210 3.11 5.67 9,159 211 1.59 5.61 10,000 211 2.99 5.61 10,000 212 1.54 5.53 11,019 212 2.90 5.53 11,019 213 1.48 5.51 12,147 213 2.78 5.51 12,147 214 1.42 5.37 13,299 214 2.68 5.37 13,299 215 1.38 5.31 14,524 215 2.60 5.31 14,524 216 1.35 5.23 15,764 216 2.54 5.23 15,764 217 1.31 5.18 16,969 217 2.46 5.18 16,969 218 1.28 5.14 18,017 218 2.41 5.14 18,017 219 1.26 5.09 18,971 219 2.38 5.09 18,971 220 1.22 5.06 19,722 220 2.29 5.06 19,722 221 1.16 5.00 20,424 221 2.18 5.00 20,424 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 9 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 57 Table 5.8b READING Grade 9 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* (cont.) Beginning of Yr to Beginning of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) End of Yr to End of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 179 9.79 7.77 421 222 2.33 4.94 20,968 190 7.86 8.50 549 233 0.66 4.51 11,152 180 9.71 7.79 468 223 2.18 4.84 21,394 191 7.09 8.44 591 234 0.51 4.46 10,818 181 9.67 7.77 523 224 2.00 4.75 21,809 192 6.56 8.16 651 235 0.46 4.41 10,469 182 9.29 7.49 562 225 1.84 4.68 22,247 193 6.50 7.91 728 236 0.36 4.36 9,882 183 9.29 7.34 596 226 1.75 4.66 22,514 194 6.28 7.63 793 237 0.23 4.35 9,174 184 9.21 7.22 630 227 1.61 4.60 22,731 195 6.05 7.26 866 238 0.18 4.27 8,378 185 8.74 7.20 685 228 1.50 4.53 22,911 196 6.01 7.20 991 239 0.13 4.25 7,564 186 8.11 7.09 756 229 1.36 4.48 23,107 197 5.79 7.36 1,129 240-0.01 4.28 6,698 187 7.75 7.32 820 230 1.24 4.39 23,040 198 5.63 7.23 1,227 241-0.09 4.31 5,961 188 7.25 7.33 898 231 1.09 4.36 22,884 199 5.25 7.26 1,347 242-0.24 4.35 5,212 189 6.98 7.26 1,005 232 0.97 4.29 22,421 200 5.24 7.25 1,467 243-0.36 4.38 4,452 190 6.93 7.23 1,102 233 0.85 4.25 21,811 201 5.20 7.07 1,596 244-0.48 4.35 3,727 191 6.74 7.36 1,203 234 0.77 4.20 20,801 202 5.15 6.73 1,751 245-0.71 4.36 3,111 192 6.62 7.22 1,331 235 0.66 4.16 19,558 203 4.85 6.68 1,985 246-1.03 4.41 2,525 193 6.60 7.11 1,508 236 0.55 4.08 18,006 204 4.76 6.51 2,232 247-1.18 4.41 2,007 194 6.42 6.94 1,697 237 0.45 4.04 16,428 205 4.35 6.37 2,513 248-1.44 4.55 1,587 195 5.96 6.89 1,872 238 0.33 3.99 14,672 206 3.98 6.43 2,771 249-1.80 4.69 1,252 196 5.60 6.78 2,099 239 0.20 3.95 12,885 207 3.74 6.44 3,004 250-1.88 4.67 958 197 5.35 6.67 2,371 240 0.08 3.93 11,134 208 3.45 6.33 3,328 251-1.97 4.85 702 198 5.05 6.46 2,636 241-0.03 3.92 9,546 209 3.24 6.17 3,655 252-2.33 4.97 518 199 4.98 6.50 2,905 242-0.16 3.89 8,093 210 3.10 6.14 3,993 253-2.99 4.75 413 200 4.95 6.39 3,224 243-0.28 3.926 6710 211 3.10 5.97 4,380 254-3.42 4.83 315 201 4.82 6.25 3,646 244-0.48 3.966 5470 212 2.98 5.94 4,883 202 4.64 6.20 4,061 245-0.72 3.999 4444 213 2.90 5.87 5,347 203 4.42 6.23 4,522 246-0.99 3.929 3565 214 2.89 5.76 5,855 204 4.30 6.11 5,004 247-1.26 3.951 2773 215 2.89 5.64 6,433 205 4.18 6.09 5,614 248-1.58 4.00 2,147 216 2.79 5.59 6,995 206 3.91 6.02 6,194 249-1.95 4.05 1,652 217 2.71 5.50 7,454 207 3.77 5.94 6,787 250-2.24 4.15 1,247 218 2.66 5.49 7,892 208 3.73 5.81 7,502 251-2.55 4.31 943 219 2.49 5.47 8,325 209 3.57 5.80 8,310 252-3.02 4.36 723 220 2.31 5.42 8,682 210 3.50 5.67 9,159 221 2.15 5.34 9,068 211 3.37 5.61 10,000 222 2.07 5.27 9,387 212 3.26 5.53 11,019 223 1.93 5.16 9,724 213 3.12 5.51 12,147 224 1.74 5.07 10,009 214 3.02 5.37 13,299 225 1.69 5.00 10,391 215 2.92 5.31 14,524 226 1.59 4.95 10,633 216 2.86 5.23 15,764 227 1.42 4.86 11,035 217 2.77 5.18 16,969 228 1.26 4.82 11,308 218 2.71 5.14 18,017 229 1.21 4.78 11,539 219 2.67 5.09 18,971 230 1.03 4.72 11,497 220 2.58 5.06 19,722 231 0.87 4.64 11,513 221 2.45 5.00 20,424 232 0.78 4.57 11,358 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 9 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

58 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.9a READING Grade 10 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* Beginning of Yr to Middle of Yr ( 17 Instr'l Wks) Beginning of Yr to End of Yr ( 32 Instr'l Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 179 5.19 6.81 104 222 0.86 5.12 3,766 179 9.76 6.81 104 222 1.62 5.12 3,766 180 4.98 6.99 106 223 0.74 5.04 3,865 180 9.37 6.99 106 223 1.39 5.04 3,865 181 4.86 7.18 97 224 0.61 4.91 3,979 181 9.16 7.18 97 224 1.15 4.91 3,979 182 4.43 7.83 111 225 0.56 4.81 4,109 182 8.35 7.83 111 225 1.05 4.81 4,109 183 4.22 7.26 126 226 0.49 4.78 4,231 183 7.95 7.26 126 226 0.92 4.78 4,231 184 3.94 7.90 145 227 0.47 4.80 4,358 184 7.42 7.90 145 227 0.88 4.80 4,358 185 3.76 7.91 157 228 0.41 4.77 4,481 185 7.07 7.91 157 228 0.76 4.77 4,481 186 3.63 7.56 179 229 0.37 4.66 4,547 186 6.83 7.56 179 229 0.70 4.66 4,547 187 3.60 7.19 182 230 0.32 4.57 4,593 187 6.78 7.19 182 230 0.61 4.57 4,593 188 3.58 7.00 195 231 0.28 4.44 4,638 188 6.74 7.00 195 231 0.53 4.44 4,638 189 3.58 6.47 201 232 0.28 4.33 4,567 189 6.74 6.47 201 232 0.53 4.33 4,567 190 3.51 6.29 224 233 0.20 4.28 4,460 190 6.61 6.29 224 233 0.37 4.28 4,460 191 3.20 6.54 245 234 0.19 4.25 4,357 191 6.02 6.54 245 234 0.36 4.25 4,357 192 3.18 6.84 299 235 0.12 4.25 4,203 192 5.99 6.84 299 235 0.23 4.25 4,203 193 3.01 6.86 316 236 0.09 4.21 3,906 193 5.66 6.86 316 236 0.18 4.21 3,906 194 2.69 7.12 341 237 0.01 4.22 3,663 194 5.07 7.12 341 237 0.02 4.22 3,663 195 2.54 7.23 369 238-0.09 4.18 3,407 195 4.78 7.23 369 238-0.17 4.18 3,407 196 2.54 7.07 401 239-0.19 4.13 3,077 196 4.77 7.07 401 239-0.36 4.13 3,077 197 2.13 6.69 410 240-0.27 4.05 2,696 197 4.01 6.69 410 240-0.50 4.05 2,696 198 1.95 6.57 454 241-0.32 4.09 2,422 198 3.67 6.57 454 241-0.61 4.09 2,422 199 1.84 6.37 535 242-0.40 4.01 2,099 199 3.47 6.37 535 242-0.75 4.01 2,099 200 1.79 6.28 610 243-0.40 3.87 1765 200 3.37 6.28 610 243-0.75 3.87 1,765 201 1.79 6.30 652 244-0.48 3.985 1495 201 3.36 6.30 652 244-0.91 3.98 1,495 202 1.77 6.40 737 245-0.54 4.092 1271 202 3.33 6.40 737 245-1.02 4.09 1,271 203 1.76 6.57 831 246-0.66 4.023 1039 203 3.32 6.57 831 246-1.25 4.02 1,039 204 1.76 6.57 895 247-0.73 4.039 838 204 3.32 6.57 895 247-1.37 4.04 838 205 1.76 6.59 1,000 248-0.90 4.2 676 205 3.32 6.59 1,000 248-1.69 4.20 676 206 1.64 6.49 1,140 249-0.98 4.06 526 206 3.09 6.49 1,140 249-1.84 4.06 526 207 1.64 6.44 1,278 250-1.00 3.88 414 207 3.08 6.44 1,278 250-1.89 3.88 414 208 1.63 6.29 1,422 251-1.24 3.95 336 208 3.08 6.29 1,422 251-2.33 3.95 336 209 1.54 6.18 1,559 209 2.89 6.18 1,559 210 1.45 6.08 1,677 210 2.72 6.08 1,677 211 1.34 5.99 1,855 211 2.53 5.99 1,855 212 1.24 5.83 1,976 212 2.34 5.83 1,976 213 1.20 5.76 2,164 213 2.26 5.76 2,164 214 1.20 5.63 2,370 214 2.26 5.63 2,370 215 1.20 5.55 2,583 215 2.26 5.55 2,583 216 1.20 5.42 2,772 216 2.25 5.42 2,772 217 1.18 5.36 3,009 217 2.22 5.36 3,009 218 1.15 5.27 3,207 218 2.16 5.27 3,207 219 1.13 5.33 3,377 219 2.12 5.33 3,377 220 1.10 5.26 3,524 220 2.08 5.26 3,524 221 0.97 5.22 3,644 221 1.83 5.22 3,644 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 10 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 59 Table 5.9b READING Grade 10 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* (cont.) Beginning of Yr to Beginning of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) End of Yr to End of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 179 10.98 6.81 104 222 1.82 5.12 3,766 192 6.35 8.58 104 235-0.49 4.59 2,088 180 10.54 6.99 106 223 1.56 5.04 3,865 193 7.81 8.83 114 236-0.80 4.49 1,995 181 10.30 7.18 97 224 1.30 4.91 3,979 194 6.65 7.85 121 237-0.98 4.31 1,944 182 9.39 7.83 111 225 1.18 4.81 4,109 195 7.22 7.22 125 238-1.14 4.26 1,869 183 8.94 7.26 126 226 1.03 4.78 4,231 196 6.66 6.83 137 239-1.15 4.15 1,789 184 8.35 7.90 145 227 0.99 4.80 4,358 197 6.52 6.67 172 240-1.37 4.05 1,672 185 7.95 7.91 157 228 0.86 4.77 4,481 198 6.37 6.51 188 241-1.38 4.00 1,474 186 7.69 7.56 179 229 0.78 4.66 4,547 199 6.11 6.77 208 242-1.38 4.09 1,297 187 7.63 7.19 182 230 0.68 4.57 4,593 200 6.03 7.12 229 243-1.42 3.99 1,115 188 7.59 7.00 195 231 0.60 4.44 4,638 201 6.13 7.05 262 244-1.50 3.89 921 189 7.58 6.47 201 232 0.60 4.33 4,567 202 5.58 6.99 280 245-1.71 3.90 758 190 7.43 6.29 224 233 0.42 4.28 4,460 203 5.51 6.97 329 246-1.75 3.94 648 191 6.77 6.54 245 234 0.41 4.25 4,357 204 5.06 6.81 355 247-1.94 4.01 524 192 6.74 6.84 299 235 0.26 4.25 4,203 205 4.70 6.40 396 248-1.96 4.17 421 193 6.37 6.86 316 236 0.20 4.21 3,906 206 4.18 6.32 438 249-1.97 4.30 332 194 5.70 7.12 341 237 0.02 4.22 3,663 207 4.02 6.42 487 195 5.37 7.23 369 238-0.19 4.18 3,407 208 3.99 6.42 526 196 5.37 7.07 401 239-0.40 4.13 3,077 209 3.51 6.31 576 197 4.51 6.69 410 240-0.56 4.05 2,696 210 2.92 6.32 625 198 4.13 6.57 454 241-0.68 4.09 2,422 211 2.84 6.12 680 199 3.91 6.37 535 242-0.84 4.01 2,099 212 2.62 5.91 763 200 3.79 6.28 610 243-0.85 3.87 1765 213 2.55 5.70 827 201 3.78 6.30 652 244-1.02 3.985 1495 214 2.54 5.64 913 202 3.75 6.40 737 245-1.15 4.092 1271 215 2.36 5.63 1,022 203 3.74 6.57 831 246-1.41 4.023 1039 216 2.17 5.61 1,119 204 3.74 6.57 895 247-1.54 4.04 838 217 2.02 5.59 1,163 205 3.74 6.59 1,000 248-1.90 4.2 676 218 1.95 5.42 1,268 206 3.48 6.49 1,140 249-2.07 4.06 526 219 1.92 5.48 1,355 207 3.46 6.44 1,278 250-2.12 3.88 414 220 1.90 5.31 1,415 208 3.46 6.29 1,422 251-2.62 3.95 336 221 1.90 5.23 1,501 209 3.25 6.18 1,559 222 1.82 5.00 1,606 210 3.06 6.08 1,677 223 1.47 5.05 1,690 211 2.85 5.99 1,855 224 1.26 4.87 1,760 212 2.63 5.83 1,976 225 0.92 4.87 1,819 213 2.55 5.76 2,164 226 0.80 4.82 1,836 214 2.54 5.63 2,370 227 0.49 4.82 1,896 215 2.54 5.55 2,583 228 0.35 4.69 1,936 216 2.54 5.42 2,772 229 0.34 4.65 2,029 217 2.50 5.36 3,009 230 0.26 4.66 2,114 218 2.43 5.27 3,207 231 0.09 4.64 2,232 219 2.39 5.33 3,377 232 0.04 4.60 2,236 220 2.34 5.26 3,524 233-0.14 4.65 2,237 221 2.06 5.22 3,644 234-0.44 4.65 2,172

60 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.10a LANGUAGE USAGE Grade 2 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* Beginning of Yr to Middle of Yr ( 17 Instr'l Wks) Beginning of Yr to End of Yr ( 32 Instr'l Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 162 10.73 6.80 6,427 205 4.02 5.00 6,247 162 18.53 6.80 6,427 205 7.30 5.00 6,247 163 10.50 6.85 9,471 206 3.86 5.09 5,273 163 18.20 6.85 9,471 206 7.03 5.09 5,273 164 10.32 6.85 12,598 207 3.73 5.02 4,453 164 17.93 6.85 12,598 207 6.81 5.02 4,453 165 10.18 6.84 15,185 208 3.60 4.87 3,704 165 17.70 6.84 15,185 208 6.58 4.87 3,704 166 10.01 6.81 17,150 209 3.48 4.86 3,016 166 17.44 6.81 17,150 209 6.36 4.86 3,016 167 9.85 6.80 18,413 210 3.26 4.82 2,488 167 17.18 6.80 18,413 210 6.01 4.82 2,488 168 9.70 6.73 19,024 211 3.17 4.98 2,039 168 16.93 6.73 19,024 211 5.84 4.98 2,039 169 9.52 6.70 19,302 212 3.01 5.03 1,660 169 16.64 6.70 19,302 212 5.57 5.03 1,660 170 9.36 6.66 19,465 213 2.87 5.08 1,338 170 16.37 6.66 19,465 213 5.32 5.08 1,338 171 9.18 6.63 19,520 214 2.41 4.40 1,017 171 16.06 6.63 19,520 214 4.55 4.40 1,017 172 8.98 6.57 19,393 172 15.73 6.57 19,393 173 8.80 6.54 19,506 173 15.42 6.54 19,506 174 8.60 6.47 19,631 174 15.11 6.47 19,631 175 8.39 6.40 19,818 175 14.75 6.40 19,818 176 8.22 6.31 20,071 176 14.46 6.31 20,071 177 8.06 6.13 20,567 177 14.18 6.13 20,567 178 7.88 6.07 20,922 178 13.88 6.07 20,922 179 7.72 6.15 21,438 179 13.61 6.15 21,438 180 7.56 6.11 21,989 180 13.34 6.11 21,989 181 7.38 6.06 22,608 181 13.04 6.06 22,608 182 7.20 6.01 23,144 182 12.72 6.01 23,144 183 7.07 5.94 23,650 183 12.50 5.94 23,650 184 6.91 5.89 23,910 184 12.24 5.89 23,910 185 6.80 5.68 24,068 185 12.04 5.68 24,068 186 6.69 5.75 23,889 186 11.86 5.75 23,889 187 6.57 5.68 23,537 187 11.65 5.68 23,537 188 6.43 5.63 23,139 188 11.41 5.63 23,139 189 6.29 5.58 22,619 189 11.17 5.58 22,619 190 6.13 5.54 21,903 190 10.90 5.54 21,903 191 5.98 5.48 21,106 191 10.65 5.48 21,106 192 5.84 5.34 20,172 192 10.41 5.34 20,172 193 5.69 5.30 19,144 193 10.17 5.30 19,144 194 5.55 5.24 17,904 194 9.92 5.24 17,904 195 5.42 5.29 16,769 195 9.70 5.29 16,769 196 5.27 5.17 15,700 196 9.44 5.17 15,700 197 5.13 5.17 14,601 197 9.19 5.17 14,601 198 4.99 5.12 13,457 198 8.95 5.12 13,457 199 4.84 5.19 12,536 199 8.70 5.19 12,536 200 4.70 5.18 11,480 200 8.45 5.18 11,480 201 4.56 5.15 10,412 201 8.22 5.15 10,412 202 4.42 5.10 9,337 202 7.98 5.10 9,337 203 4.30 5.11 8,316 203 7.77 5.11 8,316 204 4.14 5.12 7,275 204 7.51 5.12 7,275 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 2 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 61 Table 5.10b LANGUAGE USAGE Grade 2 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* (cont.) Beginning of Yr to Beginning of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) End of Yr to End of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 162 20.35 6.80 6,427 205 8.13 5.00 6,247 164 16.38 7.20 2,293 207 6.83 5.31 17,450 163 20.00 6.85 9,471 206 7.84 5.09 5,273 165 16.15 7.22 3,327 208 6.63 5.27 15,625 164 19.72 6.85 12,598 207 7.60 5.02 4,453 166 15.98 7.11 4,381 209 6.38 5.13 13,974 165 19.48 6.84 15,185 208 7.34 4.87 3,704 167 15.80 7.05 5,355 210 6.24 5.12 12,367 166 19.20 6.81 17,150 209 7.10 4.86 3,016 168 15.67 6.98 6,279 211 5.98 5.19 10,849 167 18.92 6.80 18,413 210 6.72 4.82 2,488 169 15.41 6.95 6,995 212 5.75 5.02 9,473 168 18.65 6.73 19,024 211 6.53 4.98 2,039 170 15.20 6.89 7,661 213 5.50 5.15 8,243 169 18.33 6.70 19,302 212 6.24 5.03 1,660 171 14.88 6.84 8,281 214 5.36 5.01 7,054 170 18.04 6.66 19,465 213 5.97 5.08 1,338 172 14.59 6.82 8,878 215 5.12 4.98 5,936 171 17.70 6.63 19,520 214 5.11 4.40 1,017 173 14.27 6.81 9,399 216 4.65 4.56 4,994 172 17.35 6.57 19,393 174 14.00 6.74 10,120 217 4.48 4.58 4,109 173 17.01 6.54 19,506 175 13.62 6.69 10,715 218 4.39 4.57 3,340 174 16.67 6.47 19,631 176 13.37 6.51 11,417 219 4.24 4.55 2,678 175 16.29 6.40 19,818 177 13.13 6.52 12,320 220 4.14 4.55 2,161 176 15.96 6.31 20,071 178 12.78 6.44 13,241 221 4.08 4.55 1,688 177 15.66 6.13 20,567 179 12.43 6.42 14,202 222 4.04 4.41 1,275 178 15.34 6.07 20,922 180 12.23 6.53 15,385 223 3.85 4.47 971 179 15.04 6.15 21,438 181 11.99 6.49 16,821 180 14.74 6.11 21,989 182 11.64 6.46 18,150 181 14.41 6.06 22,608 183 11.48 6.34 19,518 182 14.07 6.01 23,144 184 11.35 6.37 20,857 183 13.82 5.94 23,650 185 11.13 6.19 22,125 184 13.53 5.89 23,910 186 10.92 6.27 23,219 185 13.31 5.68 24,068 187 10.78 6.21 24,423 186 13.12 5.75 23,889 188 10.58 6.17 25,396 187 12.90 5.68 23,537 189 10.32 6.13 26,330 188 12.63 5.63 23,139 190 10.11 6.08 27,030 189 12.37 5.58 22,619 191 9.90 6.03 27,580 190 12.08 5.54 21,903 192 9.69 5.96 27,842 191 11.80 5.48 21,106 193 9.47 5.90 28,145 192 11.54 5.34 20,172 194 9.31 5.86 28,234 193 11.27 5.30 19,144 195 9.11 5.84 28,407 194 11.00 5.24 17,904 196 8.92 5.78 28,387 195 10.75 5.29 16,769 197 8.70 5.75 28,381 196 10.47 5.17 15,700 198 8.50 5.58 28,074 197 10.20 5.17 14,601 199 8.28 5.53 27,612 198 9.94 5.12 13,457 200 8.09 5.60 27,027 199 9.66 5.19 12,536 201 7.90 5.46 26,163 200 9.39 5.18 11,480 202 7.71 5.52 25,042 201 9.13 5.15 10,412 203 7.55 5.46 23,897 202 8.87 5.10 9,337 204 7.38 5.42 22,527 203 8.65 5.11 8,316 205 7.16 5.36 20,888 204 8.36 5.12 7,275 206 6.98 5.34 19,217 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 2 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

62 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.11a LANGUAGE USAGE Grade 3 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* Beginning of Yr to Middle of Yr ( 17 Instr'l Wks) Beginning of Yr to End of Yr ( 32 Instr'l Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 164 9.23 7.56 2,740 207 3.35 4.97 33,710 164 16.00 7.56 2,740 207 6.06 4.97 33,710 165 9.01 7.58 3,869 208 3.25 4.93 30,905 165 15.63 7.58 3,869 208 5.89 4.93 30,905 166 8.78 7.54 5,036 209 3.16 4.80 28,184 166 15.27 7.54 5,036 209 5.73 4.80 28,184 167 8.62 7.45 6,279 210 3.04 4.86 25,318 167 15.00 7.45 6,279 210 5.53 4.86 25,318 168 8.43 7.41 7,412 211 2.93 4.81 22,527 168 14.70 7.41 7,412 211 5.35 4.81 22,527 169 8.24 7.35 8,512 212 2.83 4.77 19,903 169 14.37 7.35 8,512 212 5.17 4.77 19,903 170 8.06 7.35 9,353 213 2.72 4.73 17,415 170 14.07 7.35 9,353 213 4.98 4.73 17,415 171 7.91 7.28 10,312 214 2.60 4.70 14,984 171 13.81 7.28 10,312 214 4.78 4.70 14,984 172 7.75 7.23 11,146 215 2.50 4.64 12,815 172 13.55 7.23 11,146 215 4.60 4.64 12,815 173 7.60 7.19 11,963 216 2.38 4.61 10,884 173 13.29 7.19 11,963 216 4.41 4.61 10,884 174 7.43 7.13 12,768 217 2.24 4.49 9,086 174 13.00 7.13 12,768 217 4.18 4.49 9,086 175 7.26 7.03 13,825 218 1.96 3.98 7,510 175 12.72 7.03 13,825 218 3.70 3.98 7,510 176 7.09 6.96 14,873 219 1.92 3.91 6,163 176 12.42 6.96 14,873 219 3.61 3.91 6,163 177 6.91 6.90 16,041 220 1.85 3.90 4,925 177 12.13 6.90 16,041 220 3.48 3.90 4,925 178 6.73 6.83 17,460 221 1.80 3.87 3,904 178 11.83 6.83 17,460 221 3.38 3.87 3,904 179 6.61 6.74 18,989 222 1.73 3.84 3,015 179 11.62 6.74 18,989 222 3.25 3.84 3,015 180 6.47 6.67 20,612 223 1.64 3.86 2,290 180 11.38 6.67 20,612 223 3.08 3.86 2,290 181 6.32 6.57 22,348 224 1.53 3.89 1,667 181 11.12 6.57 22,348 224 2.88 3.89 1,667 182 6.14 6.50 24,264 182 10.83 6.50 24,264 183 6.01 6.42 26,229 183 10.61 6.42 26,229 184 5.87 6.36 28,327 184 10.36 6.36 28,327 185 5.74 6.28 30,552 185 10.15 6.28 30,552 186 5.61 6.19 32,694 186 9.93 6.19 32,694 187 5.49 6.12 34,684 187 9.72 6.12 34,684 188 5.36 5.92 36,680 188 9.51 5.92 36,680 189 5.22 5.85 38,382 189 9.28 5.85 38,382 190 5.11 5.91 39,781 190 9.08 5.91 39,781 191 5.01 5.73 41,078 191 8.91 5.73 41,078 192 4.90 5.66 42,241 192 8.72 5.66 42,241 193 4.78 5.58 43,194 193 8.51 5.58 43,194 194 4.67 5.53 43,890 194 8.34 5.53 43,890 195 4.56 5.60 44,558 195 8.14 5.60 44,558 196 4.44 5.43 44,982 196 7.94 5.43 44,982 197 4.34 5.38 45,459 197 7.76 5.38 45,459 198 4.23 5.46 45,695 198 7.59 5.46 45,695 199 4.12 5.39 46,036 199 7.40 5.39 46,036 200 4.02 5.35 45,828 200 7.22 5.35 45,828 201 3.94 5.29 45,486 201 7.08 5.29 45,486 202 3.84 5.24 44,535 202 6.90 5.24 44,535 203 3.74 5.18 43,102 203 6.73 5.18 43,102 204 3.65 5.11 41,103 204 6.58 5.11 41,103 205 3.55 5.06 39,047 205 6.41 5.06 39,047 206 3.44 5.02 36,465 206 6.22 5.02 36,465 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 3 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 63 Table 5.11b LANGUAGE USAGE Grade 3 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* (cont.) Beginning of Yr to Beginning of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) End of Yr to End of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 164 17.58 7.56 2,740 207 6.75 4.97 33,710 166 15.04 7.69 1,362 209 5.59 5.27 37,666 165 17.19 7.58 3,869 208 6.56 4.93 30,905 167 14.50 7.61 1,767 210 5.44 5.21 36,071 166 16.81 7.54 5,036 209 6.38 4.80 28,184 168 14.14 7.60 2,155 211 5.26 5.17 34,213 167 16.51 7.45 6,279 210 6.16 4.86 25,318 169 13.92 7.59 2,455 212 5.09 5.12 32,483 168 16.18 7.41 7,412 211 5.97 4.81 22,527 170 13.59 7.65 2,799 213 4.91 4.98 30,428 169 15.82 7.35 8,512 212 5.77 4.77 19,903 171 13.37 7.56 3,245 214 4.74 4.93 28,230 170 15.50 7.35 9,353 213 5.56 4.73 17,415 172 13.29 7.54 3,644 215 4.58 5.01 26,053 171 15.21 7.28 10,312 214 5.34 4.70 14,984 173 13.18 7.48 4,053 216 4.46 4.84 23,845 172 14.92 7.23 11,146 215 5.15 4.64 12,815 174 12.89 7.42 4,493 217 4.30 4.90 21,523 173 14.65 7.19 11,963 216 4.94 4.61 10,884 175 12.60 7.34 4,989 218 4.12 4.86 19,131 174 14.33 7.13 12,768 217 4.69 4.49 9,086 176 12.34 7.32 5,476 219 3.80 4.30 16,884 175 14.02 7.03 13,825 218 4.16 3.98 7,510 177 11.93 7.28 6,015 220 3.70 4.26 14,521 176 13.70 6.96 14,873 219 4.06 3.91 6,163 178 11.62 7.21 6,524 221 3.61 4.24 12,336 177 13.38 6.90 16,041 220 3.91 3.90 4,925 179 11.42 7.19 7,181 222 3.51 4.22 10,183 178 13.05 6.83 17,460 221 3.81 3.87 3,904 180 11.19 7.11 7,983 223 3.40 4.18 8,327 179 12.82 6.74 18,989 222 3.66 3.84 3,015 181 10.89 7.03 8,830 224 3.32 4.17 6,609 180 12.57 6.67 20,612 223 3.47 3.86 2,290 182 10.61 6.94 9,752 225 3.24 4.19 5,285 181 12.28 6.57 22,348 224 3.24 3.89 1,667 183 10.35 6.92 10,831 226 3.12 4.20 4,118 182 11.96 6.50 24,264 184 10.03 6.85 12,033 227 3.00 4.24 3,140 183 11.72 6.42 26,229 185 9.79 6.67 13,223 228 2.98 4.27 2,386 184 11.45 6.36 28,327 186 9.59 6.77 14,552 229 2.87 4.30 1,765 185 11.22 6.28 30,552 187 9.42 6.69 15,955 230 2.71 4.28 1,254 186 10.98 6.19 32,694 188 9.19 6.60 17,456 187 10.75 6.12 34,684 189 9.06 6.51 18,918 188 10.52 5.92 36,680 190 8.81 6.43 20,638 189 10.27 5.85 38,382 191 8.56 6.36 22,292 190 10.05 5.91 39,781 192 8.35 6.29 23,967 191 9.87 5.73 41,078 193 8.18 6.23 25,776 192 9.66 5.66 42,241 194 7.97 6.17 27,480 193 9.44 5.58 43,194 195 7.77 6.11 29,065 194 9.24 5.53 43,890 196 7.59 6.06 30,601 195 9.03 5.60 44,558 197 7.42 5.98 32,592 196 8.80 5.43 44,982 198 7.27 5.91 34,220 197 8.61 5.38 45,459 199 7.06 5.87 35,984 198 8.42 5.46 45,695 200 6.92 5.80 37,685 199 8.22 5.39 46,036 201 6.78 5.75 39,257 200 8.02 5.35 45,828 202 6.60 5.69 40,214 201 7.86 5.29 45,486 203 6.42 5.64 41,213 202 7.67 5.24 44,535 204 6.30 5.55 41,537 203 7.48 5.18 43,102 205 6.13 5.49 41,423 204 7.31 5.11 41,103 206 5.99 5.43 41,026 205 7.13 5.06 39,047 207 5.87 5.26 40,118 206 6.92 5.02 36,465 208 5.74 5.32 38,908 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 3 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

64 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.12a LANGUAGE USAGE Grade 4 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* Beginning of Yr to Middle of Yr ( 17 Instr'l Wks) Beginning of Yr to End of Yr ( 32 Instr'l Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 166 8.32 8.26 1,677 209 2.85 5.04 50,095 166 14.38 8.26 1,677 209 5.14 5.04 50,095 167 8.23 8.27 2,146 210 2.77 4.86 48,174 167 14.20 8.27 2,146 210 5.00 4.86 48,174 168 8.00 8.24 2,591 211 2.68 4.93 46,037 168 13.84 8.24 2,591 211 4.84 4.93 46,037 169 7.96 8.18 2,984 212 2.60 4.87 43,571 169 13.75 8.18 2,984 212 4.70 4.87 43,571 170 7.78 8.12 3,445 213 2.50 4.81 40,997 170 13.45 8.12 3,445 213 4.54 4.81 40,997 171 7.67 8.03 3,854 214 2.40 4.75 38,478 171 13.27 8.03 3,854 214 4.37 4.75 38,478 172 7.49 7.94 4,235 215 2.32 4.69 35,700 172 12.97 7.94 4,235 215 4.22 4.69 35,700 173 7.28 7.89 4,637 216 2.22 4.65 32,923 173 12.62 7.89 4,637 216 4.07 4.65 32,923 174 7.00 7.87 5,077 217 2.11 4.61 30,110 174 12.15 7.87 5,077 217 3.87 4.61 30,110 175 6.81 7.84 5,519 218 2.01 4.57 27,004 175 11.84 7.84 5,519 218 3.72 4.57 27,004 176 6.62 7.74 6,062 219 1.92 4.53 23,793 176 11.51 7.74 6,062 219 3.55 4.53 23,793 177 6.43 7.65 6,588 220 1.81 4.48 20,736 177 11.19 7.65 6,588 220 3.37 4.48 20,736 178 6.30 7.52 7,235 221 1.59 3.89 17,703 178 10.97 7.52 7,235 221 3.00 3.89 17,703 179 6.15 7.42 8,023 222 1.55 3.85 14,836 179 10.73 7.42 8,023 222 2.92 3.85 14,836 180 5.95 7.31 8,783 223 1.51 3.81 12,289 180 10.39 7.31 8,783 223 2.83 3.81 12,289 181 5.79 7.23 9,708 224 1.45 3.79 9,898 181 10.12 7.23 9,708 224 2.74 3.79 9,898 182 5.63 7.15 10,933 225 1.40 3.76 7,848 182 9.86 7.15 10,933 225 2.63 3.76 7,848 183 5.49 7.09 12,074 226 1.35 3.73 6,160 183 9.62 7.09 12,074 226 2.55 3.73 6,160 184 5.34 6.97 13,300 227 1.33 3.70 4,823 184 9.37 6.97 13,300 227 2.50 3.70 4,823 185 5.23 6.86 14,702 228 1.29 3.68 3,681 185 9.18 6.86 14,702 228 2.42 3.68 3,681 186 5.12 6.77 16,344 229 1.23 3.70 2,785 186 8.99 6.77 16,344 229 2.32 3.70 2,785 187 5.04 6.68 17,957 230 1.20 3.71 2,075 187 8.85 6.68 17,957 230 2.26 3.71 2,075 188 4.92 6.58 19,635 231 1.11 3.68 1,501 188 8.64 6.58 19,635 231 2.09 3.68 1,501 189 4.83 6.49 21,494 189 8.49 6.49 21,494 190 4.71 6.38 23,398 190 8.29 6.38 23,398 191 4.58 6.15 25,302 191 8.08 6.15 25,302 192 4.44 6.07 27,171 192 7.85 6.07 27,171 193 4.32 5.99 29,299 193 7.64 5.99 29,299 194 4.19 6.07 31,439 194 7.41 6.07 31,439 195 4.08 6.01 33,620 195 7.23 6.01 33,620 196 3.95 5.94 35,883 196 7.01 5.94 35,883 197 3.85 5.86 38,356 197 6.84 5.86 38,356 198 3.76 5.66 40,690 198 6.68 5.66 40,690 199 3.66 5.71 43,228 199 6.51 5.71 43,228 200 3.57 5.64 45,736 200 6.36 5.64 45,736 201 3.48 5.57 47,954 201 6.22 5.57 47,954 202 3.39 5.38 49,999 202 6.06 5.38 49,999 203 3.31 5.32 51,914 203 5.92 5.32 51,914 204 3.25 5.25 53,135 204 5.81 5.25 53,135 205 3.17 5.31 53,725 205 5.68 5.31 53,725 206 3.10 5.25 53,620 206 5.56 5.25 53,620 207 3.02 5.16 52,908 207 5.42 5.16 52,908 208 2.94 4.97 51,719 208 5.28 4.97 51,719 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 4 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 65 Table 5.12b LANGUAGE USAGE Grade 4 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* (cont.) Beginning of Yr to Beginning of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) End of Yr to End of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 166 15.79 8.26 1,677 209 5.71 5.04 50,095 167 13.55 8.78 797 210 4.66 5.41 42,644 167 15.59 8.27 2,146 210 5.56 4.86 48,174 168 13.37 8.54 947 211 4.53 5.35 42,927 168 15.20 8.24 2,591 211 5.39 4.93 46,037 169 13.19 8.46 1,079 212 4.41 5.26 42,673 169 15.09 8.18 2,984 212 5.24 4.87 43,571 170 12.70 8.45 1,282 213 4.24 5.20 42,243 170 14.77 8.12 3,445 213 5.06 4.81 40,997 171 12.57 8.24 1,450 214 4.11 5.15 41,678 171 14.57 8.03 3,854 214 4.87 4.75 38,478 172 12.12 8.21 1,637 215 3.98 5.10 40,767 172 14.25 7.94 4,235 215 4.71 4.69 35,700 173 11.84 8.30 1,813 216 3.85 5.06 39,466 173 13.87 7.89 4,637 216 4.54 4.65 32,923 174 11.62 8.25 2,003 217 3.72 4.90 38,025 174 13.36 7.87 5,077 217 4.33 4.61 30,110 175 11.21 8.12 2,220 218 3.63 4.84 36,216 175 13.02 7.84 5,519 218 4.16 4.57 27,004 176 10.96 8.10 2,433 219 3.50 4.91 34,030 176 12.66 7.74 6,062 219 3.98 4.53 23,793 177 10.70 8.06 2,646 220 3.34 4.74 31,488 177 12.31 7.65 6,588 220 3.78 4.48 20,736 178 10.38 7.93 2,923 221 3.07 4.26 28,809 178 12.07 7.52 7,235 221 3.38 3.89 17,703 179 10.11 7.83 3,278 222 2.98 4.23 25,926 179 11.81 7.42 8,023 222 3.29 3.85 14,836 180 9.86 7.77 3,546 223 2.91 4.19 22,958 180 11.45 7.31 8,783 223 3.19 3.81 12,289 181 9.54 7.71 3,967 224 2.86 4.16 20,000 181 11.15 7.23 9,708 224 3.08 3.79 9,898 182 9.46 7.56 4,490 225 2.79 4.14 17,130 182 10.87 7.15 10,933 225 2.96 3.76 7,848 183 9.32 7.48 5,027 226 2.71 4.11 14,314 183 10.61 7.09 12,074 226 2.87 3.73 6,160 184 9.14 7.39 5,666 227 2.66 4.07 11,738 184 10.33 6.97 13,300 227 2.81 3.70 4,823 185 8.96 7.30 6,358 228 2.56 4.07 9,439 185 10.12 6.86 14,702 228 2.72 3.68 3,681 186 8.73 7.26 7,040 229 2.49 4.06 7,507 186 9.92 6.77 16,344 229 2.61 3.70 2,785 187 8.46 7.23 7,818 230 2.41 4.04 5,883 187 9.76 6.68 17,957 230 2.54 3.71 2,075 188 8.15 7.17 8,574 231 2.31 4.06 4,562 188 9.54 6.58 19,635 231 2.35 3.68 1,501 189 7.90 7.11 9,465 232 2.22 4.06 3,482 189 9.38 6.49 21,494 190 7.70 7.03 10,545 233 2.19 4.04 2,618 190 9.15 6.38 23,398 191 7.58 6.90 11,778 234 2.12 4.12 1,901 191 8.93 6.15 25,302 192 7.35 6.80 13,054 235 2.08 4.10 1,359 192 8.67 6.07 27,171 193 7.22 6.72 14,536 236 2.08 4.10 934 193 8.44 5.99 29,299 194 7.03 6.60 15,829 194 8.20 6.07 31,439 195 6.84 6.51 17,360 195 7.99 6.01 33,620 196 6.63 6.43 18,953 196 7.76 5.94 35,883 197 6.45 6.33 20,736 197 7.57 5.86 38,356 198 6.26 6.11 22,683 198 7.39 5.66 40,690 199 6.08 6.17 24,844 199 7.21 5.71 43,228 200 5.92 6.12 27,098 200 7.05 5.64 45,736 201 5.79 6.04 29,577 201 6.89 5.57 47,954 202 5.64 5.96 31,844 202 6.72 5.38 49,999 203 5.51 5.87 34,131 203 6.57 5.32 51,914 204 5.43 5.67 36,276 204 6.45 5.25 53,135 205 5.30 5.72 38,160 205 6.31 5.31 53,725 206 5.15 5.65 39,503 206 6.17 5.25 53,620 207 5.02 5.61 40,844 207 6.02 5.16 52,908 208 4.91 5.55 41,755 208 5.87 4.97 51,719 209 4.78 5.47 42,331 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 4 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

66 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.13a LANGUAGE USAGE Grade 5 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* Beginning of Yr to Middle of Yr ( 17 Instr'l Wks) Beginning of Yr to End of Yr ( 32 Instr'l Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 166 8.09 8.59 817 209 2.50 5.17 53,735 166 13.89 8.59 817 209 4.46 5.17 53,735 167 7.86 8.58 1,062 210 2.43 5.21 54,436 167 13.46 8.58 1,062 210 4.34 5.21 54,436 168 7.74 8.63 1,276 211 2.37 5.02 54,758 168 13.26 8.63 1,276 211 4.24 5.02 54,758 169 7.63 8.46 1,510 212 2.29 5.06 55,046 169 13.06 8.46 1,510 212 4.11 5.06 55,046 170 7.36 8.39 1,697 213 2.22 4.87 54,807 170 12.62 8.39 1,697 213 4.00 4.87 54,807 171 7.28 8.44 1,875 214 2.14 4.81 54,257 171 12.46 8.44 1,875 214 3.86 4.81 54,257 172 7.07 8.39 2,017 215 2.06 4.86 53,367 172 12.14 8.39 2,017 215 3.73 4.86 53,367 173 6.80 8.33 2,161 216 1.97 4.79 51,935 173 11.70 8.33 2,161 216 3.59 4.79 51,935 174 6.56 8.33 2,342 217 1.88 4.72 50,146 174 11.32 8.33 2,342 217 3.43 4.72 50,146 175 6.41 8.28 2,594 218 1.79 4.56 47,996 175 11.08 8.28 2,594 218 3.28 4.56 47,996 176 6.17 8.16 2,825 219 1.70 4.51 45,489 176 10.69 8.16 2,825 219 3.14 4.51 45,489 177 6.05 8.10 3,144 220 1.61 4.46 42,488 177 10.47 8.10 3,144 220 2.99 4.46 42,488 178 5.90 8.04 3,477 221 1.52 4.51 39,180 178 10.20 8.04 3,477 221 2.83 4.51 39,180 179 5.73 8.03 3,870 222 1.37 3.90 35,200 179 9.91 8.03 3,870 222 2.59 3.90 35,200 180 5.55 7.97 4,224 223 1.34 3.86 31,459 180 9.58 7.97 4,224 223 2.52 3.86 31,459 181 5.50 7.86 4,738 224 1.30 3.83 27,518 181 9.50 7.86 4,738 224 2.45 3.83 27,518 182 5.30 7.77 5,264 225 1.27 3.80 23,860 182 9.18 7.77 5,264 225 2.39 3.80 23,860 183 5.17 7.63 5,924 226 1.23 3.75 20,331 183 8.96 7.63 5,924 226 2.31 3.75 20,331 184 4.98 7.51 6,594 227 1.19 3.74 17,182 184 8.64 7.51 6,594 227 2.23 3.74 17,182 185 4.86 7.36 7,324 228 1.14 3.72 14,206 185 8.45 7.36 7,324 228 2.15 3.72 14,206 186 4.69 7.33 8,004 229 1.10 3.70 11,562 186 8.16 7.33 8,004 229 2.08 3.70 11,562 187 4.57 7.20 8,913 230 1.06 3.68 9192 187 7.95 7.20 8,913 230 1.99 3.68 9,192 188 4.39 7.15 9,819 231 1.05 3.69 7099 188 7.66 7.15 9,819 231 1.97 3.69 7,099 189 4.29 7.03 10,816 232 1.01 3.70 5,385 189 7.48 7.03 10,816 232 1.90 3.70 5,385 190 4.24 6.94 12,005 233 0.99 3.66 3,952 190 7.40 6.94 12,005 233 1.87 3.66 3,952 191 4.14 6.64 13,531 234 0.97 3.64 2,899 191 7.23 6.64 13,531 234 1.83 3.64 2,899 192 4.05 6.55 14,909 235 0.97 3.69 2,014 192 7.08 6.55 14,909 235 1.83 3.69 2,014 193 3.97 6.57 16,467 236 0.96 3.73 1,453 193 6.93 6.57 16,467 236 1.80 3.73 1,453 194 3.86 6.34 18,169 194 6.75 6.34 18,169 195 3.70 6.26 20,078 195 6.48 6.26 20,078 196 3.57 6.18 22,056 196 6.26 6.18 22,056 197 3.45 6.26 24,309 197 6.07 6.26 24,309 198 3.35 6.14 26,934 198 5.89 6.14 26,934 199 3.25 6.07 29,773 199 5.73 6.07 29,773 200 3.17 5.83 32,401 200 5.59 5.83 32,401 201 3.09 5.75 35,270 201 5.46 5.75 35,270 202 3.00 5.67 38,157 202 5.30 5.67 38,157 203 2.92 5.72 41,018 203 5.17 5.72 41,018 204 2.84 5.50 43,721 204 5.04 5.50 43,721 205 2.77 5.44 46,528 205 4.91 5.44 46,528 206 2.69 5.37 49,033 206 4.78 5.37 49,033 207 2.62 5.30 51,187 207 4.67 5.30 51,187 208 2.56 5.23 52,680 208 4.56 5.23 52,680 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 5 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 67 Table 5.13b LANGUAGE USAGE Grade 5 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* (cont.) Beginning of Yr to Beginning of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) End of Yr to End of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 166 15.22 8.59 817 209 4.94 5.17 53,735 170 11.34 8.67 694 213 3.47 5.45 43,635 167 14.75 8.58 1,062 210 4.82 5.21 54,436 171 11.12 8.29 755 214 3.32 5.37 44,646 168 14.52 8.63 1,276 211 4.70 5.02 54,758 172 10.98 8.39 812 215 3.20 5.29 45,804 169 14.30 8.46 1,510 212 4.56 5.06 55,046 173 10.98 8.19 901 216 3.18 5.21 46,593 170 13.82 8.39 1,697 213 4.44 4.87 54,807 174 10.85 7.99 961 217 3.03 5.01 46,763 171 13.65 8.44 1,875 214 4.29 4.81 54,257 175 10.41 8.03 1,090 218 2.86 4.94 46,314 172 13.31 8.39 2,017 215 4.15 4.86 53,367 176 9.85 8.15 1,238 219 2.73 4.43 45,661 173 12.83 8.33 2,161 216 3.99 4.79 51,935 177 9.50 8.10 1,397 220 2.67 4.36 44,526 174 12.43 8.33 2,342 217 3.83 4.72 50,146 178 9.03 8.18 1,506 221 2.64 4.31 42,619 175 12.17 8.28 2,594 218 3.66 4.56 47,996 179 8.72 8.24 1,693 222 2.58 4.27 40,468 176 11.75 8.16 2,825 219 3.51 4.51 45,489 180 8.50 8.17 1,843 223 2.53 4.24 37,919 177 11.50 8.10 3,144 220 3.35 4.46 42,488 181 8.35 8.06 2,028 224 2.48 4.20 34,923 178 11.20 8.04 3,477 221 3.17 4.51 39,180 182 8.06 7.97 2,239 225 2.43 4.15 31,687 179 10.88 8.03 3,870 222 2.91 3.90 35,200 183 7.95 7.86 2,517 226 2.36 4.11 28,304 180 10.52 7.97 4,224 223 2.83 3.86 31,459 184 7.86 7.80 2,817 227 2.29 4.06 25,006 181 10.42 7.86 4,738 224 2.76 3.83 27,518 185 7.64 7.73 3,216 228 2.22 4.03 21,649 182 10.08 7.77 5,264 225 2.69 3.80 23,860 186 7.53 7.68 3,593 229 2.17 4.00 18,419 183 9.85 7.63 5,924 226 2.60 3.75 20,331 187 7.25 7.60 4,070 230 2.08 3.97 15,376 184 9.50 7.51 6,594 227 2.51 3.74 17,182 188 7.20 7.53 4,534 231 2.02 3.96 12,782 185 9.29 7.36 7,324 228 2.41 3.72 14,206 189 7.19 7.46 5,104 232 1.96 3.95 10,241 186 8.98 7.33 8,004 229 2.34 3.70 11,562 190 6.97 7.36 5,670 233 1.90 3.96 8,135 187 8.75 7.20 8,913 230 2.24 3.68 9192 191 6.78 7.27 6,318 234 1.85 3.97 6,332 188 8.44 7.15 9,819 231 2.22 3.69 7099 192 6.58 7.22 6,993 235 1.85 4.01 4,845 189 8.24 7.03 10,816 232 2.14 3.70 5,385 193 6.23 7.16 7,807 236 1.83 4.06 3,526 190 8.15 6.94 12,005 233 2.10 3.66 3,952 194 5.92 7.06 8,727 237 1.83 4.03 2,532 191 7.97 6.64 13,531 234 2.06 3.64 2,899 195 5.66 7.00 9,727 238 1.82 4.04 1,764 192 7.80 6.55 14,909 235 2.06 3.69 2,014 196 5.46 6.90 10,923 239 1.82 4.05 1,221 193 7.64 6.57 16,467 236 2.03 3.73 1,453 197 5.34 6.80 12,278 240 1.74 4.13 820 194 7.44 6.34 18,169 198 5.31 6.68 13,805 195 7.14 6.26 20,078 199 5.13 6.57 15,471 196 6.90 6.18 22,056 200 4.91 6.49 17,498 197 6.70 6.26 24,309 201 4.82 6.39 19,517 198 6.50 6.14 26,934 202 4.60 6.34 21,780 199 6.33 6.07 29,773 203 4.43 6.28 24,264 200 6.17 5.83 32,401 204 4.37 6.19 26,558 201 6.03 5.75 35,270 205 4.31 5.94 28,706 202 5.86 5.67 38,157 206 4.17 5.85 31,171 203 5.72 5.72 41,018 207 4.00 5.76 33,264 204 5.57 5.50 43,721 208 4.00 5.67 35,044 205 5.44 5.44 46,528 209 3.90 5.60 37,193 206 5.30 5.37 49,033 210 3.69 5.56 38,822 207 5.18 5.30 51,187 211 3.59 5.47 40,338 208 5.06 5.23 52,680 212 3.60 5.52 41,974 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 5 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

68 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.14a LANGUAGE USAGE Grade 6 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* Beginning of Yr to Middle of Yr ( 17 Instr'l Wks) Beginning of Yr to End of Yr ( 32 Instr'l Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 169 7.70 8.60 877 212 2.05 5.17 50,762 169 13.16 8.60 877 212 3.66 5.17 50,762 170 7.52 8.58 1,003 213 1.97 5.11 52,603 170 12.80 8.58 1,003 213 3.53 5.11 52,603 171 7.28 8.43 1,129 214 1.90 5.10 53,653 171 12.37 8.43 1,129 214 3.41 5.10 53,653 172 7.27 8.38 1,215 215 1.82 4.97 54,970 172 12.31 8.38 1,215 215 3.28 4.97 54,970 173 7.24 8.49 1,347 216 1.75 4.99 55,660 173 12.28 8.49 1,347 216 3.16 4.99 55,660 174 7.02 8.51 1,471 217 1.68 4.84 56,098 174 11.92 8.51 1,471 217 3.05 4.84 56,098 175 6.80 8.51 1,580 218 1.60 4.77 55,830 175 11.57 8.51 1,580 218 2.92 4.77 55,830 176 6.70 8.46 1,657 219 1.52 4.71 55,426 176 11.39 8.46 1,657 219 2.79 4.71 55,426 177 6.62 8.31 1,820 220 1.45 4.71 54,063 177 11.27 8.31 1,820 220 2.67 4.71 54,063 178 6.32 8.24 1,949 221 1.37 4.56 52,020 178 10.76 8.24 1,949 221 2.54 4.56 52,020 179 5.97 8.16 2,169 222 1.22 3.99 49,564 179 10.19 8.16 2,169 222 2.30 3.99 49,564 180 5.71 8.07 2,448 223 1.19 3.94 46,784 180 9.78 8.07 2,448 223 2.23 3.94 46,784 181 5.61 7.98 2,796 224 1.16 3.89 43,228 181 9.59 7.98 2,796 224 2.18 3.89 43,228 182 5.37 7.95 3,112 225 1.13 3.85 39,687 182 9.20 7.95 3,112 225 2.12 3.85 39,687 183 5.23 7.84 3,506 226 1.09 3.82 35,867 183 8.97 7.84 3,506 226 2.06 3.82 35,867 184 5.13 7.72 3,831 227 1.07 3.79 31,826 184 8.81 7.72 3,831 227 2.01 3.79 31,826 185 4.94 7.69 4,228 228 1.02 3.75 27,583 185 8.51 7.69 4,228 228 1.93 3.75 27,583 186 4.72 7.70 4,633 229 0.99 3.73 23,887 186 8.16 7.70 4,633 229 1.87 3.73 23,887 187 4.60 7.57 5,216 230 0.96 3.70 20,193 187 7.95 7.57 5,216 230 1.80 3.70 20,193 188 4.46 7.48 5,799 231 0.93 3.68 16,784 188 7.71 7.48 5,799 231 1.75 3.68 16,784 189 4.30 7.42 6,512 232 0.89 3.66 13,663 189 7.45 7.42 6,512 232 1.68 3.66 13,663 190 4.19 7.31 7,269 233 0.87 3.65 10931 190 7.26 7.31 7,269 233 1.63 3.65 10,931 191 4.11 7.15 8,032 234 0.82 3.68 8467 191 7.11 7.15 8,032 234 1.55 3.68 8,467 192 4.01 7.07 8,820 235 0.81 3.68 6334 192 6.96 7.07 8,820 235 1.52 3.68 6,334 193 3.88 6.96 9,715 236 0.77 3.72 4,633 193 6.73 6.96 9,715 236 1.45 3.72 4,633 194 3.77 6.82 10,752 237 0.75 3.75 3,261 194 6.54 6.82 10,752 237 1.41 3.75 3,261 195 3.64 6.69 11,858 238 0.74 3.78 2,282 195 6.32 6.69 11,858 238 1.40 3.78 2,282 196 3.50 6.60 13,262 239 0.73 3.83 1,567 196 6.09 6.60 13,262 239 1.38 3.83 1,567 197 3.36 6.49 14,740 240 0.67 3.82 1,062 197 5.85 6.49 14,740 240 1.26 3.82 1,062 198 3.24 6.39 16,492 198 5.64 6.39 16,492 199 3.12 6.32 18,515 199 5.45 6.32 18,515 200 3.01 6.21 20,639 200 5.27 6.21 20,639 201 2.90 6.05 23,094 201 5.09 6.05 23,094 202 2.78 6.07 25,781 202 4.90 6.07 25,781 203 2.70 5.91 28,710 203 4.76 5.91 28,710 204 2.65 5.82 31,557 204 4.66 5.82 31,557 205 2.56 5.74 34,510 205 4.52 5.74 34,510 206 2.49 5.73 37,226 206 4.39 5.73 37,226 207 2.42 5.58 39,864 207 4.28 5.58 39,864 208 2.35 5.49 42,214 208 4.16 5.49 42,214 209 2.26 5.42 44,619 209 4.02 5.42 44,619 210 2.19 5.34 46,650 210 3.90 5.34 46,650 211 2.13 5.27 48,884 211 3.79 5.27 48,884 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 6 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 69 Table 5.14b LANGUAGE USAGE Grade 6 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* (cont.) Beginning of Yr to Beginning of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) End of Yr to End of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 169 14.41 8.60 877 212 4.05 5.17 50,762 171 12.99 8.94 616 214 3.23 5.38 38,702 170 14.00 8.58 1,003 213 3.91 5.11 52,603 172 12.75 8..72 690 215 3.09 5.31 40,608 171 13.52 8.43 1,129 214 3.79 5.10 53,653 173 12.24 8.61 733 216 2.97 5.24 42,273 172 13.44 8.38 1,215 215 3.65 4.97 54,970 174 11.75 8.58 800 217 2.88 5.15 43,729 173 13.41 8.49 1,347 216 3.52 4.99 55,660 175 11.38 8.70 892 218 2.77 5.08 44,878 174 13.02 8.51 1,471 217 3.40 4.84 56,098 176 11.38 8.66 983 219 2.64 5.01 45,740 175 12.65 8.51 1,580 218 3.26 4.77 55,830 177 11.25 8.64 1,066 220 2.46 4.40 46,321 176 12.45 8.46 1,657 219 3.12 4.71 55,426 178 10.81 8.48 1,176 221 2.41 4.34 46,422 177 12.32 8.31 1,820 220 2.99 4.71 54,063 179 10.66 8.42 1,284 222 2.35 4.29 45,914 178 11.76 8.24 1,949 221 2.85 4.56 52,020 180 10.11 8.28 1,373 223 2.30 4.24 44,703 179 11.15 8.16 2,169 222 2.59 3.99 49,564 181 9.89 8.16 1,503 224 2.26 4.19 43,041 180 10.71 8.07 2,448 223 2.51 3.94 46,784 182 9.65 8.02 1,641 225 2.19 4.13 40,790 181 10.50 7.98 2,796 224 2.45 3.89 43,228 183 9.33 7.89 1,829 226 2.14 4.08 38,296 182 10.08 7.95 3,112 225 2.39 3.85 39,687 184 9.17 7.89 1,997 227 2.09 4.04 35,695 183 9.83 7.84 3,506 226 2.32 3.82 35,867 185 9.12 7.89 2,280 228 2.04 3.99 32,676 184 9.65 7.72 3,831 227 2.26 3.79 31,826 186 8.77 7.88 2,525 229 1.98 3.96 29,635 185 9.34 7.69 4,228 228 2.17 3.75 27,583 187 8.48 7.84 2,817 230 1.93 3.93 26,247 186 8.96 7.70 4,633 229 2.10 3.73 23,887 188 8.06 7.81 3,113 231 1.88 3.93 22,771 187 8.73 7.57 5,216 230 2.03 3.70 20,193 189 7.91 7.67 3,480 232 1.83 3.94 19,343 188 8.46 7.48 5,799 231 1.97 3.68 16,784 190 7.52 7.57 3,811 233 1.78 3.94 16,245 189 8.19 7.42 6,512 232 1.89 3.66 13,663 191 7.33 7.46 4,195 234 1.71 3.93 13,363 190 7.98 7.31 7,269 233 1.84 3.65 10931 192 7.04 7.30 4,628 235 1.68 3.91 10,816 191 7.81 7.15 8,032 234 1.75 3.68 8467 193 6.79 7.20 5,159 236 1.65 3.90 8,565 192 7.65 7.07 8,820 235 1.71 3.68 6334 194 6.54 7.09 5,847 237 1.61 3.85 6,599 193 7.39 6.96 9,715 236 1.63 3.72 4,633 195 6.33 6.99 6,539 238 1.61 3.83 5,047 194 7.19 6.82 10,752 237 1.58 3.75 3,261 196 6.03 6.91 7,370 239 1.53 3.85 3,685 195 6.95 6.69 11,858 238 1.58 3.78 2,282 197 5.87 6.88 8,306 240 1.50 3.89 2,685 196 6.70 6.60 13,262 239 1.55 3.83 1,567 198 5.63 6.76 9,285 241 1.38 3.92 1,971 197 6.44 6.49 14,740 240 1.42 3.82 1,062 199 5.39 6.64 10,374 242 1.32 3.97 1,439 198 6.20 6.39 16,492 200 5.15 6.58 11,688 243 1.27 4.12 1,021 199 6.00 6.32 18,515 201 4.96 6.49 13,162 200 5.81 6.21 20,639 202 4.76 6.37 14,687 201 5.62 6.05 23,094 203 4.63 6.30 16,523 202 5.40 6.07 25,781 204 4.52 6.23 18,366 203 5.26 5.91 28,710 205 4.36 6.14 20,204 204 5.15 5.82 31,557 206 4.27 6.04 22,223 205 5.00 5.74 34,510 207 4.14 5.95 24,282 206 4.86 5.73 37,226 208 3.97 5.85 26,241 207 4.73 5.58 39,864 209 3.83 5.77 28,384 208 4.61 5.49 42,214 210 3.74 5.68 30,565 209 4.45 5.42 44,619 211 3.59 5.61 32,605 210 4.32 5.34 46,650 212 3.44 5.56 34,671 211 4.20 5.27 48,884 213 3.34 5.47 36,849 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 6 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

70 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.15a LANGUAGE USAGE Grade 7 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* Beginning of Yr to Middle of Yr ( 17 Instr'l Wks) Beginning of Yr to End of Yr ( 32 Instr'l Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 171 8.71 8.44 797 214 1.93 5.17 47,091 171 14.34 8.44 797 214 3.40 5.17 47,091 172 8.52 8.64 838 215 1.84 5.08 49,289 172 13.99 8.64 838 215 3.25 5.08 49,289 173 7.86 8.71 921 216 1.75 5.02 51,180 173 12.99 8.71 921 216 3.11 5.02 51,180 174 7.80 8.78 936 217 1.68 4.95 53,043 174 12.89 8.78 936 217 2.99 4.95 53,043 175 7.64 8.64 1,016 218 1.59 4.87 54,302 175 12.63 8.64 1,016 218 2.85 4.87 54,302 176 7.40 8.75 1,091 219 1.51 4.79 55,398 176 12.25 8.75 1,091 219 2.72 4.79 55,398 177 7.15 8.62 1,202 220 1.42 4.73 55,854 177 11.91 8.62 1,202 220 2.58 4.73 55,854 178 7.14 8.52 1,332 221 1.34 4.66 55,620 178 11.89 8.52 1,332 221 2.45 4.66 55,620 179 6.74 8.41 1,539 222 1.27 4.60 55,091 179 11.30 8.41 1,539 222 2.33 4.60 55,091 180 6.60 8.31 1,677 223 1.18 4.55 54,131 180 11.08 8.31 1,677 223 2.18 4.55 54,131 181 6.38 8.30 1,894 224 1.06 3.88 52,105 181 10.74 8.30 1,894 224 1.99 3.88 52,105 182 6.24 8.18 2,113 225 1.03 3.82 49,920 182 10.52 8.18 2,113 225 1.93 3.82 49,920 183 6.05 7.96 2,295 226 0.99 3.78 47,300 183 10.18 7.96 2,295 226 1.87 3.78 47,300 184 5.93 7.89 2,472 227 0.96 3.74 44,100 184 9.97 7.89 2,472 227 1.81 3.74 44,100 185 5.62 7.77 2,750 228 0.93 3.69 40,444 185 9.46 7.77 2,750 228 1.75 3.69 40,444 186 5.60 7.61 3,039 229 0.89 3.65 36,958 186 9.40 7.61 3,039 229 1.68 3.65 36,958 187 5.37 7.53 3,337 230 0.85 3.63 32,870 187 9.01 7.53 3,337 230 1.60 3.63 32,870 188 5.21 7.47 3,746 231 0.83 3.62 29,083 188 8.75 7.47 3,746 231 1.57 3.62 29,083 189 5.06 7.29 4,197 232 0.81 3.60 25,039 189 8.48 7.29 4,197 232 1.52 3.60 25,039 190 4.90 7.17 4,606 233 0.77 3.59 21,293 190 8.25 7.17 4,606 233 1.46 3.59 21,293 191 4.65 7.10 5,137 234 0.75 3.58 17,607 191 7.84 7.10 5,137 234 1.41 3.58 17,607 192 4.53 7.00 5,694 235 0.75 3.56 14326 192 7.63 7.00 5,694 235 1.40 3.56 14,326 193 4.38 6.94 6,307 236 0.71 3.55 11262 193 7.40 6.94 6,307 236 1.34 3.55 11,262 194 4.15 6.92 7,070 237 0.69 3.55 8797 194 7.03 6.92 7,070 237 1.30 3.55 8,797 195 4.06 6.83 7,893 238 0.68 3.55 6636 195 6.87 6.83 7,893 238 1.28 3.55 6,636 196 3.94 6.70 8,823 239 0.67 3.56 4,894 196 6.67 6.70 8,823 239 1.25 3.56 4,894 197 3.79 6.61 9,902 240 0.62 3.62 3,571 197 6.43 6.61 9,902 240 1.16 3.62 3,571 198 3.61 6.47 11,121 241 0.56 3.69 2,576 198 6.13 6.47 11,121 241 1.05 3.69 2,576 199 3.50 6.30 12,453 242 0.49 3.77 1,832 199 5.95 6.30 12,453 242 0.93 3.77 1,832 200 3.36 6.24 14,098 243 0.48 3.85 1,265 200 5.72 6.24 14,098 243 0.89 3.85 1,265 201 3.22 6.16 15,801 201 5.50 6.16 15,801 202 3.08 6.05 17,878 202 5.29 6.05 17,878 203 2.99 5.98 20,178 203 5.13 5.98 20,178 204 2.89 5.92 22,465 204 4.96 5.92 22,465 205 2.77 5.82 24,892 205 4.76 5.82 24,892 206 2.68 5.75 27,291 206 4.61 5.75 27,291 207 2.59 5.69 29,604 207 4.46 5.69 29,604 208 2.48 5.61 32,019 208 4.28 5.61 32,019 209 2.39 5.52 34,588 209 4.13 5.52 34,588 210 2.30 5.45 37,175 210 3.98 5.45 37,175 211 2.21 5.36 39,898 211 3.84 5.36 39,898 212 2.11 5.28 42,357 212 3.67 5.28 42,357 213 2.02 5.22 44,803 213 3.54 5.22 44,803 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 7 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 71 Table 5.15b LANGUAGE USAGE Grade 7 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* (cont.) Beginning of Yr to Beginning of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) End of Yr to End of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 171 15.52 8.44 797 214 3.75 5.17 47,091 173 13.85 9.27 404 216 2.95 5.25 34,848 172 15.12 8.64 838 215 3.60 5.08 49,289 174 13.19 9.00 443 217 2.86 5.15 36,743 173 14.07 8.71 921 216 3.44 5.02 51,180 175 12.53 9.12 467 218 2.75 5.08 38,500 174 13.96 8.78 936 217 3.31 4.95 53,043 176 12.55 9.28 523 219 2.60 5.03 39,843 175 13.69 8.64 1,016 218 3.16 4.87 54,302 177 12.00 9.33 565 220 2.48 4.97 40,721 176 13.28 8.75 1,091 219 3.03 4.79 55,398 178 11.74 9.00 601 221 2.37 4.91 41,498 177 12.93 8.62 1,202 220 2.87 4.73 55,854 179 11.68 8.91 663 222 2.26 4.87 41,964 178 12.92 8.52 1,332 221 2.73 4.66 55,620 180 10.69 8.72 729 223 2.13 4.79 42,185 179 12.30 8.41 1,539 222 2.60 4.60 55,091 181 10.52 8.51 788 224 1.97 4.12 41,656 180 12.07 8.31 1,677 223 2.45 4.55 54,131 182 10.30 8.42 867 225 1.91 4.06 41,140 181 11.71 8.30 1,894 224 2.23 3.88 52,105 183 9.99 8.34 957 226 1.83 4.03 39,962 182 11.47 8.18 2,113 225 2.18 3.82 49,920 184 9.63 8.24 1,043 227 1.78 3.97 38,457 183 11.09 7.96 2,295 226 2.11 3.78 47,300 185 9.35 8.21 1,177 228 1.74 3.93 36,369 184 10.86 7.89 2,472 227 2.04 3.74 44,100 186 9.28 8.27 1,329 229 1.66 3.89 34,317 185 10.31 7.77 2,750 228 1.97 3.69 40,444 187 9.08 8.24 1,512 230 1.59 3.86 31,486 186 10.23 7.61 3,039 229 1.89 3.65 36,958 188 8.76 8.07 1,690 231 1.56 3.81 28,661 187 9.81 7.53 3,337 230 1.80 3.63 32,870 189 8.62 7.95 1,889 232 1.52 3.78 25,461 188 9.52 7.47 3,746 231 1.76 3.62 29,083 190 8.11 7.75 2,058 233 1.46 3.76 22,369 189 9.23 7.29 4,197 232 1.71 3.60 25,039 191 7.73 7.50 2,300 234 1.42 3.75 19,248 190 8.98 7.17 4,606 233 1.64 3.59 21,293 192 7.48 7.27 2,524 235 1.38 3.75 16,446 191 8.54 7.10 5,137 234 1.59 3.58 17,607 193 7.24 7.25 2,788 236 1.32 3.75 13,624 192 8.32 7.00 5,694 235 1.58 3.56 14326 194 6.91 7.14 3,056 237 1.30 3.76 11,223 193 8.07 6.94 6,307 236 1.51 3.55 11262 195 6.66 7.07 3,392 238 1.30 3.73 9,055 194 7.68 6.92 7,070 237 1.46 3.55 8797 196 6.52 7.07 3,752 239 1.28 3.74 7,197 195 7.49 6.83 7,893 238 1.44 3.55 6636 197 6.25 6.97 4,167 240 1.20 3.78 5,644 196 7.28 6.70 8,823 239 1.41 3.56 4,894 198 6.03 6.82 4,653 241 1.11 3.82 4,400 197 7.02 6.61 9,902 240 1.31 3.62 3,571 199 5.76 6.71 5,286 242 0.96 3.85 3,401 198 6.70 6.47 11,121 241 1.19 3.69 2,576 200 5.61 6.60 5,892 243 0.80 3.95 2,604 199 6.50 6.30 12,453 242 1.04 3.77 1,832 201 5.35 6.53 6,676 244 0.63 4.15 1,947 200 6.26 6.24 14,098 243 1.01 3.85 1,265 202 5.20 6.45 7,571 245 0.45 4.29 1,398 201 6.02 6.16 15,801 203 5.03 6.32 8,542 246 0.24 4.40 1,017 202 5.80 6.05 17,878 204 4.86 6.24 9,607 203 5.62 5.98 20,178 205 4.66 6.13 11,026 204 5.43 5.92 22,465 206 4.49 6.01 12,362 205 5.22 5.82 24,892 207 4.35 5.92 13,939 206 5.05 5.75 27,291 208 4.16 5.84 15,503 207 4.89 5.69 29,604 209 4.03 5.72 17,207 208 4.70 5.61 32,019 210 3.90 5.65 18,875 209 4.53 5.52 34,588 211 3.73 5.58 20,720 210 4.37 5.45 37,175 212 3.52 5.52 22,436 211 4.22 5.36 39,898 213 3.36 5.45 24,534 212 4.04 5.28 42,357 214 3.22 5.40 26,511 213 3.90 5.22 44,803 215 3.07 5.32 28,436 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 7 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

72 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.16a LANGUAGE USAGE Grade 8 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* Beginning of Yr to Middle of Yr ( 17 Instr'l Wks) Beginning of Yr to End of Yr ( 32 Instr'l Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 174 9.06 9.11 413 217 1.53 5.01 29,925 174 14.47 9.11 413 217 2.60 5.01 29,925 175 8.21 9.02 445 218 1.46 4.96 31,335 175 13.21 9.02 445 218 2.49 4.96 31,335 176 7.96 8.83 456 219 1.38 4.90 32,549 176 12.86 8.83 456 219 2.37 4.90 32,549 177 7.30 8.96 503 220 1.28 4.84 33,458 177 11.87 8.96 503 220 2.22 4.84 33,458 178 7.12 8.76 549 221 1.17 4.77 34,242 178 11.62 8.76 549 221 2.06 4.77 34,242 179 7.02 8.40 594 222 1.10 4.68 34,671 179 11.38 8.40 594 222 1.96 4.68 34,671 180 6.95 8.36 616 223 1.02 4.61 34,983 180 11.29 8.36 616 223 1.82 4.61 34,983 181 6.77 8.21 698 224 0.93 4.54 34,762 181 10.96 8.21 698 224 1.68 4.54 34,762 182 6.80 8.28 777 225 0.87 4.48 34,161 182 10.93 8.28 777 225 1.59 4.48 34,161 183 6.39 8.42 835 226 0.77 3.79 33,152 183 10.27 8.42 835 226 1.44 3.79 33,152 184 6.18 8.35 948 227 0.74 3.74 32,102 184 9.88 8.35 948 227 1.40 3.74 32,102 185 5.82 8.16 1,081 228 0.72 3.69 30,485 185 9.31 8.16 1,081 228 1.36 3.69 30,485 186 5.65 8.13 1,200 229 0.70 3.66 28,726 186 9.00 8.13 1,200 229 1.32 3.66 28,726 187 5.18 7.96 1,358 230 0.67 3.62 26,525 187 8.30 7.96 1,358 230 1.25 3.62 26,525 188 5.10 7.82 1,529 231 0.65 3.60 24,194 188 8.19 7.82 1,529 231 1.22 3.60 24,194 189 4.91 7.77 1,681 232 0.62 3.57 21,645 189 7.93 7.77 1,681 232 1.16 3.57 21,645 190 4.84 7.63 1,846 233 0.60 3.55 19,032 190 7.83 7.63 1,846 233 1.12 3.55 19,032 191 4.61 7.49 2,071 234 0.57 3.55 16,337 191 7.53 7.49 2,071 234 1.08 3.55 16,337 192 4.51 7.50 2,258 235 0.57 3.55 13,931 192 7.36 7.50 2,258 235 1.08 3.55 13,931 193 4.35 7.34 2,496 236 0.56 3.56 11,504 193 7.10 7.34 2,496 236 1.05 3.56 11,504 194 4.14 7.28 2,725 237 0.56 3.57 9,344 194 6.76 7.28 2,725 237 1.05 3.57 9,344 195 3.97 7.19 3,113 238 0.54 3.62 7510 195 6.46 7.19 3,113 238 1.03 3.62 7,510 196 3.77 7.08 3,495 239 0.53 3.62 5975 196 6.15 7.08 3,495 239 1.00 3.62 5,975 197 3.62 6.98 3,890 240 0.50 3.64 4649 197 5.89 6.98 3,890 240 0.95 3.64 4,649 198 3.43 6.90 4,434 241 0.46 3.63 3632 198 5.58 6.90 4,434 241 0.86 3.63 3,632 199 3.32 6.69 5,120 242 0.39 3.73 2731 199 5.40 6.69 5,120 242 0.74 3.73 2,731 200 3.17 6.57 5,743 243 0.31 3.81 2,058 200 5.16 6.57 5,743 243 0.59 3.81 2,058 201 3.05 6.45 6,640 244 0.23 3.87 1,522 201 4.97 6.45 6,640 244 0.44 3.87 1,522 202 2.92 6.33 7,645 245 0.22 3.92 1,129 202 4.78 6.33 7,645 245 0.42 3.92 1,129 203 2.82 6.23 8,669 246 0.15 4.10 817 203 4.62 6.23 8,669 246 0.28 4.10 817 204 2.73 6.14 9,770 247 0.06 3.94 601 204 4.47 6.14 9,770 247 0.11 3.94 601 205 2.60 6.01 11,112 205 4.27 6.01 11,112 206 2.52 5.94 12,249 206 4.14 5.94 12,249 207 2.46 5.85 13,559 207 4.04 5.85 13,559 208 2.35 5.77 14,876 208 3.86 5.77 14,876 209 2.21 5.71 16,499 209 3.65 5.71 16,499 210 2.12 5.65 18,077 210 3.51 5.65 18,077 211 2.02 5.53 19,819 211 3.36 5.53 19,819 212 1.92 5.48 21,482 212 3.19 5.48 21,482 213 1.84 5.37 23,227 213 3.08 5.37 23,227 214 1.79 5.26 24,869 214 3.00 5.26 24,869 215 1.71 5.16 26,648 215 2.88 5.16 26,648 216 1.63 5.10 28,349 216 2.75 5.10 28,349 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 8 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 73 Table 5.16b LANGUAGE USAGE Grade 8 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* (cont.) Beginning of Yr to Beginning of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) End of Yr to End of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 174 15.50 9.11 413 217 2.84 5.01 29,925 181 9.78 8.91 293 224 1.13 4.25 21,302 175 14.19 9.02 445 218 2.72 4.96 31,335 182 9.15 8.88 321 225 1.11 4.17 21,369 176 13.83 8.83 456 219 2.59 4.90 32,549 183 9.06 8.81 361 226 1.07 4.08 21,270 177 12.79 8.96 503 220 2.44 4.84 33,458 184 8.62 8.95 391 227 1.05 4.01 20,906 178 12.54 8.76 549 221 2.27 4.77 34,242 185 8.17 8.97 429 228 1.00 3.96 20,327 179 12.25 8.40 594 222 2.16 4.68 34,671 186 7.80 8.92 485 229 0.97 3.93 19,555 180 12.17 8.36 616 223 2.02 4.61 34,983 187 7.40 8.60 554 230 0.95 3.92 18,589 181 11.80 8.21 698 224 1.87 4.54 34,762 188 7.13 8.18 608 231 0.89 3.91 17,473 182 11.74 8.28 777 225 1.77 4.48 34,161 189 6.84 7.99 684 232 0.88 3.89 16,104 183 11.03 8.42 835 226 1.62 3.79 33,152 190 6.30 7.84 732 233 0.84 3.84 14,685 184 10.59 8.35 948 227 1.57 3.74 32,102 191 5.89 7.66 775 234 0.82 3.80 13,104 185 9.99 8.16 1,081 228 1.53 3.69 30,485 192 5.83 7.54 826 235 0.77 3.76 11,455 186 9.63 8.13 1,200 229 1.49 3.66 28,726 193 5.80 7.47 954 236 0.77 3.76 9,837 187 8.91 7.96 1,358 230 1.41 3.62 26,525 194 5.81 7.34 1,103 237 0.71 3.74 8,421 188 8.79 7.82 1,529 231 1.37 3.60 24,194 195 5.84 7.09 1,278 238 0.68 3.74 7,001 189 8.53 7.77 1,681 232 1.31 3.57 21,645 196 5.59 7.07 1,495 239 0.60 3.77 5,812 190 8.42 7.63 1,846 233 1.26 3.55 19,032 197 5.31 7.10 1,696 240 0.52 3.81 4,801 191 8.12 7.49 2,071 234 1.21 3.55 16,337 198 4.92 7.08 1,908 241 0.47 3.84 3,956 192 7.94 7.50 2,258 235 1.21 3.55 13,931 199 4.73 6.92 2,164 242 0.34 3.91 3,140 193 7.66 7.34 2,496 236 1.19 3.56 11,504 200 4.48 6.86 2,456 243 0.26 3.95 2,470 194 7.30 7.28 2,725 237 1.18 3.57 9,344 201 4.13 6.78 2,770 244 0.24 3.99 1,926 195 6.97 7.19 3,113 238 1.15 3.62 7510 202 3.93 6.64 3,185 245 0.07 4.09 1,501 196 6.63 7.08 3,495 239 1.13 3.62 5975 203 3.69 6.58 3,652 246-0.16 4.12 1,129 197 6.34 6.98 3,890 240 1.07 3.64 4649 204 3.34 6.47 4,104 247-0.25 4.19 865 198 6.02 6.90 4,434 241 0.97 3.63 3632 205 3.19 6.39 4,608 248-0.61 4.31 648 199 5.82 6.69 5,120 242 0.83 3.73 2731 206 3.05 6.30 5,222 249-0.93 4.29 518 200 5.57 6.57 5,743 243 0.66 3.81 2,058 207 2.84 6.20 5,877 201 5.36 6.45 6,640 244 0.49 3.87 1,522 208 2.68 6.10 6,603 202 5.16 6.33 7,645 245 0.48 3.92 1,129 209 2.58 6.00 7,418 203 4.99 6.23 8,669 246 0.32 4.10 817 210 2.37 6.01 8,261 204 4.83 6.14 9,770 247 0.13 3.94 601 211 2.27 5.92 9,197 205 4.61 6.01 11,112 212 2.13 5.84 10,200 206 4.48 5.94 12,249 213 2.01 5.72 11,131 207 4.37 5.85 13,559 214 1.90 5.68 12,094 208 4.17 5.77 14,876 215 1.81 5.57 13,241 209 3.95 5.71 16,499 216 1.71 5.48 14,265 210 3.81 5.65 18,077 217 1.65 5.38 15,500 211 3.64 5.53 19,819 218 1.52 4.68 16,568 212 3.47 5.48 21,482 219 1.48 4.61 17,742 213 3.34 5.37 23,227 220 1.40 4.54 18,797 214 3.26 5.26 24,869 221 1.35 4.48 19,687 215 3.13 5.16 26,648 222 1.26 4.42 20,310 216 3.00 5.10 28,349 223 1.21 4.35 21,004 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 8 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

74 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.17a LANGUAGE USAGE Grade 9 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* Beginning of Yr to Middle of Yr ( 17 Instr'l Wks) Beginning of Yr to End of Yr ( 32 Instr'l Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 177 5.10 7.37 155 220 0.87 4.22 14,419 177 9.59 7.37 155 220 1.63 4.22 14,419 178 4.92 7.24 144 221 0.84 4.12 15,185 178 9.27 7.24 144 221 1.57 4.12 15,185 179 4.91 7.11 156 222 0.81 4.04 15,753 179 9.24 7.11 156 222 1.53 4.04 15,753 180 4.85 7.06 166 223 0.77 3.98 16,088 180 9.14 7.06 166 223 1.45 3.98 16,088 181 4.77 7.10 199 224 0.73 3.93 16,369 181 8.97 7.10 199 224 1.37 3.93 16,369 182 4.76 6.94 236 225 0.68 3.84 16,605 182 8.96 6.94 236 225 1.27 3.84 16,605 183 4.66 6.99 282 226 0.64 3.81 16,534 183 8.78 6.99 282 226 1.20 3.81 16,534 184 4.63 6.99 314 227 0.60 3.74 16,387 184 8.72 6.99 314 227 1.14 3.74 16,387 185 4.31 7.00 363 228 0.58 3.69 16,149 185 8.12 7.00 363 228 1.08 3.69 16,149 186 4.23 6.86 400 229 0.55 3.64 15,594 186 7.96 6.86 400 229 1.04 3.64 15,594 187 4.01 6.80 430 230 0.53 3.60 14,876 187 7.55 6.80 430 230 1.00 3.60 14,876 188 3.77 6.74 454 231 0.51 3.55 13,968 188 7.10 6.74 454 231 0.95 3.55 13,968 189 3.44 6.77 523 232 0.49 3.53 12,873 189 6.47 6.77 523 232 0.91 3.53 12,873 190 3.27 6.68 556 233 0.47 3.49 11,584 190 6.16 6.68 556 233 0.88 3.49 11,584 191 2.92 6.58 607 234 0.45 3.46 10,262 191 5.50 6.58 607 234 0.85 3.46 10,262 192 2.80 6.49 695 235 0.43 3.45 8,976 192 5.27 6.49 695 235 0.81 3.45 8,976 193 2.73 6.45 805 236 0.43 3.44 7,691 193 5.14 6.45 805 236 0.81 3.44 7,691 194 2.68 6.17 888 237 0.39 3.43 6,550 194 5.05 6.17 888 237 0.74 3.43 6,550 195 2.55 6.20 1,019 238 0.39 3.42 5,458 195 4.80 6.20 1,019 238 0.74 3.42 5,458 196 2.49 6.17 1,174 239 0.35 3.48 4,525 196 4.68 6.17 1,174 239 0.67 3.48 4,525 197 2.36 6.09 1,314 240 0.32 3.49 3,655 197 4.45 6.09 1,314 240 0.60 3.49 3,655 198 2.25 5.97 1,493 241 0.28 3.52 2953 198 4.23 5.97 1,493 241 0.53 3.52 2,953 199 2.07 5.96 1,687 242 0.19 3.52 2320 199 3.90 5.96 1,687 242 0.36 3.52 2,320 200 1.95 5.84 1,921 243 0.10 3.58 1808 200 3.68 5.84 1,921 243 0.19 3.58 1,808 201 1.81 5.79 2,168 244 0.10 3.53 1375 201 3.41 5.79 2,168 244 0.19 3.53 1,375 202 1.75 5.65 2,462 245 0.02 3.55 1,040 202 3.29 5.65 2,462 245 0.03 3.55 1,040 203 1.72 5.51 2,781 246-0.10 3.60 774 203 3.24 5.51 2,781 246-0.19 3.60 774 204 1.63 5.44 3,184 247-0.19 3.71 568 204 3.06 5.44 3,184 247-0.35 3.71 568 205 1.58 5.38 3,629 248-0.42 3.73 425 205 2.97 5.38 3,629 248-0.79 3.73 425 206 1.52 5.29 4,130 249-0.66 3.71 297 206 2.86 5.29 4,130 249-1.23 3.71 297 207 1.47 5.21 4,652 207 2.76 5.21 4,652 208 1.35 5.14 5,144 208 2.55 5.14 5,144 209 1.33 5.06 5,724 209 2.50 5.06 5,724 210 1.29 4.97 6,285 210 2.42 4.97 6,285 211 1.25 4.88 6,946 211 2.36 4.88 6,946 212 1.19 4.81 7,683 212 2.24 4.81 7,683 213 1.16 4.72 8,535 213 2.18 4.72 8,535 214 1.10 4.60 9,346 214 2.07 4.60 9,346 215 1.07 4.52 10,191 215 2.01 4.52 10,191 216 1.01 4.47 11,006 216 1.89 4.47 11,006 217 0.96 4.42 11,842 217 1.81 4.42 11,842 218 0.92 4.34 12,774 218 1.73 4.34 12,774 219 0.90 4.28 13,678 219 1.69 4.28 13,678 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 9 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 75 Table 5.17b LANGUAGE USAGE Grade 9 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* (cont.) Beginning of Yr to Beginning of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) End of Yr to End of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 177 10.79 7.37 155 220 1.84 4.22 14,419 182 8.69 8.26 129 225 1.45 4.02 9,243 178 10.43 7.24 144 221 1.77 4.12 15,185 183 8.66 8.09 143 226 1.34 3.96 9,353 179 10.39 7.11 156 222 1.72 4.04 15,753 184 8.65 8.15 158 227 1.34 3.93 9,454 180 10.28 7.06 166 223 1.64 3.98 16,088 185 8.53 8.09 178 228 1.32 3.84 9,448 181 10.09 7.10 199 224 1.54 3.93 16,369 186 8.31 8.10 184 229 1.20 3.83 9,366 182 10.08 6.94 236 225 1.43 3.84 16,605 187 8.13 8.18 206 230 1.14 3.76 9,102 183 9.88 6.99 282 226 1.35 3.81 16,534 188 8.13 7.83 236 231 1.14 3.72 8,707 184 9.81 6.99 314 227 1.28 3.74 16,387 189 7.87 7.31 252 232 1.01 3.70 8,144 185 9.13 7.00 363 228 1.22 3.69 16,149 190 7.22 7.13 278 233 0.96 3.69 7,539 186 8.95 6.86 400 229 1.17 3.64 15,594 191 6.30 7.17 321 234 0.90 3.61 6,829 187 8.49 6.80 430 230 1.13 3.60 14,876 192 6.01 6.78 354 235 0.84 3.60 6,200 188 7.99 6.74 454 231 1.07 3.55 13,968 193 6.00 7.03 393 236 0.73 3.59 5,577 189 7.28 6.77 523 232 1.03 3.53 12,873 194 5.74 6.96 442 237 0.70 3.56 4,905 190 6.93 6.68 556 233 0.99 3.49 11,584 195 5.66 7.00 487 238 0.64 3.56 4,243 191 6.18 6.58 607 234 0.95 3.46 10,262 196 5.45 6.79 542 239 0.64 3.61 3,614 192 5.93 6.49 695 235 0.91 3.45 8,976 197 4.88 6.76 616 240 0.64 3.62 3,008 193 5.78 6.45 805 236 0.91 3.44 7,691 198 4.24 6.54 690 241 0.63 3.64 2,469 194 5.68 6.17 888 237 0.83 3.43 6,550 199 4.22 6.37 797 242 0.54 3.68 2,007 195 5.40 6.20 1,019 238 0.83 3.42 5,458 200 3.96 6.22 910 243 0.45 3.80 1,597 196 5.26 6.17 1,174 239 0.75 3.48 4,525 201 3.83 6.21 1,034 244 0.19 3.86 1,304 197 5.00 6.09 1,314 240 0.67 3.49 3,655 202 3.83 6.10 1,152 245-0.06 3.95 1,036 198 4.76 5.97 1,493 241 0.60 3.52 2953 203 3.83 5.86 1,319 246-0.28 3.99 813 199 4.39 5.96 1,687 242 0.41 3.52 2320 204 3.65 5.75 1,494 247-0.32 4.05 657 200 4.13 5.84 1,921 243 0.22 3.58 1808 205 3.43 5.61 1,705 248-0.42 4.17 521 201 3.84 5.79 2,168 244 0.21 3.53 1375 206 3.38 5.44 1,897 249-0.59 4.17 415 202 3.70 5.65 2,462 245 0.04 3.55 1,040 207 3.23 5.37 2,164 250-0.87 4.18 321 203 3.64 5.51 2,781 246-0.21 3.60 774 208 3.11 5.35 2,406 204 3.45 5.44 3,184 247-0.40 3.71 568 209 2.96 5.27 2,657 205 3.35 5.38 3,629 248-0.89 3.73 425 210 2.92 5.17 2,955 206 3.22 5.29 4,130 249-1.39 3.71 297 211 2.66 5.04 3,346 207 3.10 5.21 4,652 212 2.58 4.94 3,680 208 2.87 5.14 5,144 213 2.41 4.78 4,112 209 2.82 5.06 5,724 214 2.35 4.77 4,570 210 2.72 4.97 6,285 215 2.19 4.72 5,054 211 2.65 4.88 6,946 216 2.15 4.76 5,429 212 2.52 4.81 7,683 217 1.97 4.68 5,991 213 2.45 4.72 8,535 218 1.91 4.63 6,500 214 2.33 4.60 9,346 219 1.85 4.51 7,021 215 2.27 4.52 10,191 220 1.81 4.41 7,416 216 2.13 4.47 11,006 221 1.74 4.28 7,968 217 2.04 4.42 11,842 222 1.70 4.20 8,363 218 1.95 4.34 12,774 223 1.58 4.15 8,712 219 1.90 4.28 13,678 224 1.53 4.07 8,969 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 9 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

76 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.18a LANGUAGE USAGE Grade 10 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* Beginning of Yr to Middle of Yr ( 17 Instr'l Wks) Beginning of Yr to End of Yr ( 32 Instr'l Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 192 2.86 6.49 155 235 0.15 3.49 2,169 192 5.38 6.49 155 235 0.28 3.49 2,169 193 2.80 6.44 167 236 0.13 3.52 1,901 193 5.27 6.44 167 236 0.24 3.52 1,901 194 2.79 6.27 164 237 0.10 3.43 1,684 194 5.26 6.27 164 237 0.19 3.43 1,684 195 2.77 6.09 209 238 0.09 3.37 1,465 195 5.21 6.09 209 238 0.17 3.37 1,465 196 2.48 6.01 244 239 0.09 3.36 1,268 196 4.67 6.01 244 239 0.16 3.36 1,268 197 2.10 5.68 291 240-0.04 3.42 1,084 197 3.95 5.68 291 240-0.08 3.42 1,084 198 1.94 5.42 316 241-0.08 3.52 900 198 3.65 5.42 316 241-0.15 3.52 900 199 1.83 5.25 349 242-0.21 3.63 728 199 3.44 5.25 349 242-0.39 3.63 728 200 1.57 5.49 377 243-0.29 3.42 564 200 2.96 5.49 377 243-0.54 3.42 564 201 1.43 5.55 428 244-0.38 3.46 448 201 2.69 5.55 428 244-0.71 3.46 448 202 1.41 5.63 459 245-0.44 3.46 369 202 2.65 5.63 459 245-0.83 3.46 369 203 1.37 5.59 530 203 2.59 5.59 530 204 1.31 5.57 605 204 2.46 5.57 605 205 1.28 5.37 670 205 2.41 5.37 670 206 1.27 5.27 753 206 2.40 5.27 753 207 1.27 5.18 862 207 2.39 5.18 862 208 1.20 5.14 975 208 2.27 5.14 975 209 1.14 5.06 1,099 209 2.15 5.06 1,099 210 1.02 5.05 1,223 210 1.91 5.05 1,223 211 0.99 4.95 1,355 211 1.86 4.95 1,355 212 0.98 4.89 1,500 212 1.85 4.89 1,500 213 0.93 4.75 1,616 213 1.75 4.75 1,616 214 0.89 4.64 1,756 214 1.68 4.64 1,756 215 0.84 4.50 1,900 215 1.57 4.50 1,900 216 0.76 4.49 2,081 216 1.42 4.49 2,081 217 0.65 4.40 2,269 217 1.22 4.40 2,269 218 0.59 4.44 2,455 218 1.12 4.44 2,455 219 0.59 4.41 2,596 219 1.12 4.41 2,596 220 0.57 4.34 2,788 220 1.07 4.34 2,788 221 0.55 4.24 2,905 221 1.04 4.24 2,905 222 0.45 4.22 3,034 222 0.85 4.22 3,034 223 0.42 4.09 3,131 223 0.80 4.09 3,131 224 0.37 4.03 3,197 224 0.70 4.03 3,197 225 0.35 3.96 3,340 225 0.66 3.96 3,340 226 0.33 3.87 3,346 226 0.63 3.87 3,346 227 0.33 3.75 3,294 227 0.62 3.75 3,294 228 0.33 3.70 3,301 228 0.62 3.70 3,301 229 0.30 3.66 3,323 229 0.56 3.66 3,323 230 0.29 3.54 3,111 230 0.54 3.54 3,111 231 0.24 3.50 3,048 231 0.46 3.50 3,048 232 0.21 3.55 2,904 232 0.40 3.55 2,904 233 0.20 3.57 2,689 233 0.37 3.57 2,689 234 0.16 3.48 2,417 234 0.31 3.48 2,417 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 10 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 77 Table 5.18b LANGUAGE USAGE Grade 10 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* (cont.) Beginning of Yr to Beginning of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) End of Yr to End of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 192 6.05 6.49 155 235 0.31 3.49 2,169 199 5.44 6.17 110 242-0.20 3.68 474 193 5.92 6.44 167 236 0.27 3.52 1,901 200 5.43 6.02 120 243-0.23 3.75 401 194 5.92 6.27 164 237 0.22 3.43 1,684 201 4.89 5.85 135 195 5.86 6.09 209 238 0.19 3.37 1,465 202 4.16 5.42 167 196 5.26 6.01 244 239 0.18 3.36 1,268 203 3.66 5.60 201 197 4.44 5.68 291 240-0.09 3.42 1,084 204 3.54 5.41 227 198 4.11 5.42 316 241-0.17 3.52 900 205 3.49 5.60 259 199 3.88 5.25 349 242-0.44 3.63 728 206 3.47 5.45 303 200 3.33 5.49 377 243-0.61 3.42 564 207 2.98 5.48 352 201 3.02 5.55 428 244-0.80 3.46 448 208 2.94 5.27 389 202 2.98 5.63 459 245-0.93 3.46 369 209 2.84 5.13 445 203 2.91 5.59 530 210 2.54 4.98 485 204 2.77 5.57 605 211 2.10 4.87 546 205 2.71 5.37 670 212 2.03 4.72 587 206 2.70 5.27 753 213 1.71 4.65 648 207 2.69 5.18 862 214 1.43 4.59 708 208 2.55 5.14 975 215 1.33 4.34 781 209 2.42 5.06 1,099 216 1.30 4.28 865 210 2.15 5.05 1,223 217 1.29 4.23 956 211 2.10 4.95 1,355 218 1.28 4.14 1,040 212 2.08 4.89 1,500 219 1.28 4.04 1,141 213 1.97 4.75 1,616 220 1.23 4.16 1,261 214 1.89 4.64 1,756 221 1.05 4.20 1,348 215 1.77 4.50 1,900 222 0.87 4.23 1,434 216 1.60 4.49 2,081 223 0.82 4.15 1,553 217 1.37 4.40 2,269 224 0.75 4.15 1,627 218 1.26 4.44 2,455 225 0.74 4.05 1,721 219 1.26 4.41 2,596 226 0.65 3.88 1,739 220 1.21 4.34 2,788 227 0.56 3.79 1,798 221 1.17 4.24 2,905 228 0.54 3.75 1,813 222 0.96 4.22 3,034 229 0.30 3.68 1,809 223 0.90 4.09 3,131 230 0.27 3.64 1,770 224 0.79 4.03 3,197 231 0.27 3.69 1,733 225 0.75 3.96 3,340 232 0.27 3.70 1,638 226 0.71 3.87 3,346 233 0.26 3.73 1,541 227 0.70 3.75 3,294 234 0.26 3.74 1,443 228 0.69 3.70 3,301 235 0.26 3.59 1,316 229 0.63 3.66 3,323 236 0.26 3.62 1,211 230 0.60 3.54 3,111 237 0.22 3.66 1,112 231 0.52 3.50 3,048 238 0.12 3.57 967 232 0.44 3.55 2,904 239-0.16 3.59 840 233 0.42 3.57 2,689 240-0.16 3.69 714 234 0.35 3.48 2,417 241-0.16 3.68 593 * Starting RIT Level is always based on grade 10 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

78 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.19a MATHEMATICS Grade 2 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* Beginning of Yr to Middle of Yr ( 17 Instr'l Wks) Beginning of Yr to End of Yr ( 32 Instr'l Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 157 10.89 7.24 553 200 5.69 5.33 15,039 157 17.90 7.24 553 200 10.57 5.33 15,039 158 10.62 6.92 923 201 5.63 5.38 12,809 158 17.83 6.92 923 201 10.51 5.38 12,809 159 10.46 6.48 1,587 202 5.59 5.42 10,806 159 17.82 6.48 1,587 202 10.43 5.42 10,806 160 10.21 6.25 3,054 203 5.54 5.44 9,032 160 17.59 6.25 3,054 203 10.38 5.44 9,032 161 9.82 6.16 5,492 204 5.52 5.52 7,351 161 17.08 6.16 5,492 204 10.35 5.52 7,351 162 9.56 6.12 8,555 205 5.24 4.79 5,916 162 16.70 6.12 8,555 205 9.87 4.79 5,916 163 9.35 6.14 12,452 206 5.22 4.85 4,656 163 16.45 6.14 12,452 206 9.83 4.85 4,656 164 9.15 6.14 16,993 207 5.18 4.86 3,626 164 16.17 6.14 16,993 207 9.76 4.86 3,626 165 8.96 6.12 21,559 208 5.17 4.85 2,758 165 15.87 6.12 21,559 208 9.73 4.85 2,758 166 8.78 6.08 25,990 209 5.15 4.85 2,145 166 15.56 6.08 25,990 209 9.69 4.85 2,145 167 8.61 6.08 30,528 167 15.30 6.08 30,528 168 8.46 6.05 34,688 168 15.01 6.05 34,688 169 8.35 6.02 38,769 169 14.84 6.02 38,769 170 8.23 5.98 42,862 170 14.67 5.98 42,862 171 8.11 5.96 47,105 171 14.44 5.96 47,105 172 8.03 5.91 51,150 172 14.34 5.91 51,150 173 7.92 5.89 55,311 173 14.14 5.89 55,311 174 7.85 5.84 59,030 174 14.06 5.84 59,030 175 7.78 5.80 62,610 175 13.92 5.80 62,610 176 7.70 5.75 65,241 176 13.77 5.75 65,241 177 7.64 5.70 67,140 177 13.71 5.70 67,140 178 7.56 5.66 67,899 178 13.56 5.66 67,899 179 7.50 5.63 68,272 179 13.49 5.63 68,272 180 7.39 5.60 67,333 180 13.29 5.60 67,333 181 7.34 5.56 65,784 181 13.24 5.56 65,784 182 7.27 5.52 63,597 182 13.10 5.52 63,597 183 7.16 5.48 61,266 183 12.91 5.48 61,266 184 7.10 5.42 58,356 184 12.84 5.42 58,356 185 7.00 5.37 55,292 185 12.65 5.37 55,292 186 6.90 5.27 52,333 186 12.51 5.27 52,333 187 6.80 5.32 49,554 187 12.36 5.32 49,554 188 6.68 5.27 46,890 188 12.14 5.27 46,890 189 6.59 5.25 44,230 189 12.01 5.25 44,230 190 6.47 5.23 41,953 190 11.79 5.23 41,953 191 6.40 5.21 39,323 191 11.72 5.21 39,323 192 6.28 5.20 36,761 192 11.49 5.20 36,761 193 6.20 5.21 34,146 193 11.38 5.21 34,146 194 6.11 5.22 31,252 194 11.21 5.22 31,252 195 6.02 5.23 28,457 195 11.09 5.23 28,457 196 5.95 5.24 25,763 196 11.01 5.24 25,763 197 5.89 5.25 22,936 197 10.89 5.25 22,936 198 5.79 5.28 20,075 198 10.71 5.28 20,075 199 5.73 5.32 17,619 199 10.64 5.32 17,619 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 2 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 79 Table 5.19b MATHEMATICS Grade 2 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* * (cont.) Beginning of Yr to Beginning of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) End of Yr to End of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 157 19.36 7.24 553 200 11.85 5.33 15,039 160 19.85 6.76 404 203 11.01 5.51 39,729 158 19.41 6.92 923 201 11.79 5.38 12,809 161 17.61 6.55 603 204 10.96 5.52 35,701 159 19.49 6.48 1,587 202 11.71 5.42 10,806 162 16.71 6.70 928 205 10.95 5.55 31,665 160 19.30 6.25 3,054 203 11.66 5.44 9,032 163 16.43 6.84 1,424 206 10.95 5.56 27,581 161 18.80 6.16 5,492 204 11.63 5.52 7,351 164 15.67 6.81 2,051 207 10.95 5.60 23,750 162 18.40 6.12 8,555 205 11.10 4.79 5,916 165 15.33 6.70 3,017 208 10.90 5.67 20,165 163 18.16 6.14 12,452 206 11.06 4.85 4,656 166 15.11 6.55 4,142 209 10.88 5.72 16,860 164 17.87 6.14 16,993 207 10.98 4.86 3,626 167 14.90 6.47 5,497 210 10.90 5.77 13,973 165 17.55 6.12 21,559 208 10.95 4.85 2,758 168 14.67 6.35 7,131 211 10.81 5.81 11,595 166 17.22 6.08 25,990 209 10.90 4.85 2,145 169 14.49 6.33 9,003 212 10.67 5.86 9,626 167 16.94 6.08 30,528 170 14.30 6.26 11,003 213 10.67 5.88 7,901 168 16.62 6.05 34,688 171 14.01 6.24 13,430 214 10.50 5.90 6,488 169 16.44 6.02 38,769 172 13.96 6.17 15,833 215 10.06 5.24 5,428 170 16.26 5.98 42,862 173 13.78 6.11 18,521 216 10.05 5.29 4,506 171 16.01 5.96 47,105 174 13.65 6.06 21,342 217 10.04 5.33 3,739 172 15.90 5.91 51,150 175 13.45 6.02 24,376 218 10.03 5.40 3,081 173 15.67 5.89 55,311 176 13.37 5.99 27,350 219 10.03 5.44 2,547 174 15.60 5.84 59,030 177 13.22 5.95 30,637 220 10.00 5.44 2,034 175 15.44 5.80 62,610 178 13.19 5.94 33,841 221 9.96 5.48 1,640 176 15.27 5.75 65,241 179 13.06 5.92 37,091 222 9.90 5.56 1,307 177 15.22 5.70 67,140 180 12.94 5.88 40,034 178 15.05 5.66 67,899 181 12.90 5.83 42,580 179 14.99 5.63 68,272 182 12.79 5.82 44,889 180 14.77 5.60 67,333 183 12.64 5.79 46,715 181 14.73 5.56 65,784 184 12.48 5.76 48,178 182 14.57 5.52 63,597 185 12.43 5.74 49,676 183 14.35 5.48 61,266 186 12.25 5.69 51,080 184 14.28 5.42 58,356 187 12.21 5.64 52,589 185 14.07 5.37 55,292 188 12.02 5.61 53,892 186 13.93 5.27 52,333 189 11.94 5.59 55,088 187 13.78 5.32 49,554 190 11.75 5.55 56,147 188 13.53 5.27 46,890 191 11.74 5.53 57,189 189 13.40 5.25 44,230 192 11.56 5.51 58,121 190 13.15 5.23 41,953 193 11.51 5.48 58,815 191 13.08 5.21 39,323 194 11.34 5.45 59,263 192 12.83 5.20 36,761 195 11.34 5.44 59,279 193 12.72 5.21 34,146 196 11.18 5.45 58,741 194 12.52 5.22 31,252 197 11.16 5.45 57,517 195 12.41 5.23 28,457 198 11.06 5.46 55,720 196 12.33 5.24 25,763 199 11.04 5.48 53,518 197 12.19 5.25 22,936 200 11.06 5.48 50,611 198 11.99 5.28 20,075 201 11.03 5.50 47,390 199 11.92 5.32 17,619 202 11.01 5.50 43,491 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 2 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

80 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.20a MATHEMATICS Grade 3 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* Beginning of Yr to Middle of Yr ( 17 Instr'l Wks) Beginning of Yr to End of Yr ( 32 Instr'l Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 164 7.95 7.14 2,281 207 5.49 5.47 49,935 164 13.96 7.14 2,281 207 10.09 5.47 49,935 165 7.85 7.04 3,254 208 5.48 5.49 43,165 165 13.81 7.04 3,254 208 10.04 5.49 43,165 166 7.77 7.01 4,406 209 5.47 5.51 36,862 166 13.66 7.01 4,406 209 10.04 5.51 36,862 167 7.68 6.99 5,755 210 5.47 5.51 31,267 167 13.50 6.99 5,755 210 10.04 5.51 31,267 168 7.66 6.92 7,156 211 5.45 5.53 26,351 168 13.47 6.92 7,156 211 10.03 5.53 26,351 169 7.54 6.85 8,806 212 5.41 5.53 22,078 169 13.29 6.85 8,806 212 9.94 5.53 22,078 170 7.41 6.86 10,694 213 5.40 5.55 18,575 170 13.04 6.86 10,694 213 9.93 5.55 18,575 171 7.30 6.82 12,869 214 5.39 5.56 15,533 171 12.88 6.82 12,869 214 9.91 5.56 15,533 172 7.19 6.73 15,527 215 5.34 5.59 13,126 172 12.66 6.73 15,527 215 9.85 5.59 13,126 173 7.08 6.66 18,506 216 5.29 5.62 10,998 173 12.51 6.66 18,506 216 9.77 5.62 10,998 174 7.00 6.59 21,607 217 5.22 5.63 9,308 174 12.36 6.59 21,607 217 9.64 5.63 9,308 175 6.93 6.51 25,007 218 5.10 5.66 7,823 175 12.28 6.51 25,007 218 9.41 5.66 7,823 176 6.83 6.45 28,847 219 4.98 5.70 6,574 176 12.10 6.45 28,847 219 9.23 5.70 6,574 177 6.78 6.38 32,520 220 4.92 5.70 5,398 177 12.04 6.38 32,520 220 9.17 5.70 5,398 178 6.71 6.31 36,529 221 4.92 5.72 4,488 178 11.91 6.31 36,529 221 9.17 5.72 4,488 179 6.64 6.23 40,823 222 4.95 5.66 3,715 179 11.77 6.23 40,823 222 9.16 5.66 3,715 180 6.59 6.16 44,923 223 4.95 5.64 2,968 180 11.73 6.16 44,923 223 9.16 5.64 2,968 181 6.50 6.08 48,674 224 4.95 5.60 2,403 181 11.57 6.08 48,674 224 9.15 5.60 2,403 182 6.43 6.01 52,721 182 11.43 6.01 52,721 183 6.37 5.95 56,404 183 11.37 5.95 56,404 184 6.32 5.89 59,785 184 11.26 5.89 59,785 185 6.27 5.84 63,272 185 11.18 5.84 63,272 186 6.24 5.78 66,783 186 11.17 5.78 66,783 187 6.16 5.73 69,627 187 11.03 5.73 69,627 188 6.12 5.67 72,877 188 11.00 5.67 72,877 189 6.01 5.62 76,368 189 10.78 5.62 76,368 190 5.93 5.59 79,637 190 10.68 5.59 79,637 191 5.83 5.55 83,227 191 10.50 5.55 83,227 192 5.78 5.51 86,865 192 10.45 5.51 86,865 193 5.70 5.48 90,419 193 10.30 5.48 90,419 194 5.68 5.44 92,856 194 10.26 5.44 92,856 195 5.63 5.41 94,983 195 10.20 5.41 94,983 196 5.59 5.40 96,228 196 10.13 5.40 96,228 197 5.56 5.39 96,893 197 10.09 5.39 96,893 198 5.53 5.39 95,690 198 10.08 5.39 95,690 199 5.53 5.39 93,910 199 10.07 5.39 93,910 200 5.52 5.38 91,127 200 10.06 5.38 91,127 201 5.49 5.40 87,145 201 10.04 5.40 87,145 202 5.49 5.42 81,985 202 10.04 5.42 81,985 203 5.49 5.43 76,552 203 10.04 5.43 76,552 204 5.48 5.44 70,553 204 10.04 5.44 70,553 205 5.49 5.46 63,813 205 10.07 5.46 63,813 206 5.49 5.46 56,795 206 10.10 5.46 56,795 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 3 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 81 Table 5.20b MATHEMATICS Grade 3 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* (cont.) Beginning of Yr to Beginning of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) End of Yr to End of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 164 15.41 7.14 2,281 207 11.27 5.47 49,935 167 13.68 7.44 1,032 210 9.57 5.68 60,936 165 15.25 7.04 3,254 208 11.21 5.49 43,165 168 13.34 7.52 1,368 211 9.55 5.68 56,010 166 15.08 7.01 4,406 209 11.22 5.51 36,862 169 12.85 7.31 1,802 212 9.54 5.70 51,287 167 14.90 6.99 5,755 210 11.22 5.51 31,267 170 12.59 7.17 2,283 213 9.46 5.72 46,871 168 14.86 6.92 7,156 211 11.21 5.53 26,351 171 12.23 7.03 2,865 214 9.45 5.72 42,619 169 14.67 6.85 8,806 212 11.11 5.53 22,078 172 11.97 6.94 3,502 215 9.43 5.73 38,914 170 14.40 6.86 10,694 213 11.10 5.55 18,575 173 11.80 6.85 4,249 216 9.39 5.72 35,350 171 14.23 6.82 12,869 214 11.08 5.56 15,533 174 11.73 6.85 5,102 217 9.31 5.73 32,092 172 13.99 6.73 15,527 215 11.03 5.59 13,126 175 11.54 6.80 6,141 218 9.30 5.71 29,081 173 13.83 6.66 18,506 216 10.93 5.62 10,998 176 11.39 6.72 7,225 219 9.31 5.70 26,212 174 13.66 6.59 21,607 217 10.79 5.63 9,308 177 11.39 6.67 8,482 220 9.24 5.69 23,241 175 13.58 6.51 25,007 218 10.53 5.66 7,823 178 11.15 6.60 9,801 221 9.13 5.71 20,579 176 13.38 6.45 28,847 219 10.34 5.70 6,574 179 11.03 6.54 11,249 222 9.03 5.70 18,011 177 13.32 6.38 32,520 220 10.29 5.70 5,398 180 10.94 6.48 12,744 223 9.03 5.68 15,512 178 13.18 6.31 36,529 221 10.29 5.72 4,488 181 10.87 6.42 14,337 224 8.78 5.70 13,387 179 13.03 6.23 40,823 222 10.27 5.66 3,715 182 10.70 6.40 15,806 225 8.38 4.99 11,574 180 12.99 6.16 44,923 223 10.25 5.64 2,968 183 10.59 6.35 17,711 226 8.38 4.99 9,963 181 12.81 6.08 48,674 224 10.25 5.60 2,403 184 10.59 6.30 19,509 227 8.35 5.00 8,486 182 12.66 6.01 52,721 185 10.34 6.24 21,376 228 8.31 5.02 7,253 183 12.60 5.95 56,404 186 10.26 6.18 23,307 229 8.34 5.02 6,014 184 12.48 5.89 59,785 187 10.10 6.13 25,740 230 8.35 5.06 5,003 185 12.39 5.84 63,272 188 10.03 6.10 27,949 231 8.35 5.10 4,062 186 12.39 5.78 66,783 189 9.82 6.05 30,505 232 8.31 5.13 3,316 187 12.23 5.73 69,627 190 9.81 6.01 33,428 233 8.24 5.17 2,691 188 12.21 5.67 72,877 191 9.63 5.96 36,798 234 8.23 5.19 2,265 189 11.97 5.62 76,368 192 9.61 5.91 40,230 235 8.22 5.17 1,853 190 11.88 5.59 79,637 193 9.55 5.86 44,038 236 8.20 5.17 1,519 191 11.67 5.55 83,227 194 9.52 5.82 48,080 192 11.63 5.51 86,865 195 9.51 5.78 52,226 193 11.46 5.48 90,419 196 9.51 5.77 56,455 194 11.41 5.44 92,856 197 9.51 5.75 60,690 195 11.37 5.41 94,983 198 9.51 5.75 64,665 196 11.29 5.40 96,228 199 9.51 5.74 68,402 197 11.24 5.39 96,893 200 9.52 5.72 71,889 198 11.24 5.39 95,690 201 9.52 5.71 74,645 199 11.22 5.39 93,910 202 9.54 5.70 76,902 200 11.22 5.38 91,127 203 9.54 5.68 78,494 201 11.21 5.40 87,145 204 9.53 5.67 78,873 202 11.21 5.42 81,985 205 9.62 5.67 78,059 203 11.21 5.43 76,552 206 9.62 5.68 76,458 204 11.20 5.44 70,553 207 9.62 5.67 73,576 205 11.25 5.46 63,813 208 9.61 5.66 69,732 206 11.28 5.46 56,795 209 9.59 5.68 65,582 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 3 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

82 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.21a MATHEMATICS Grade 4 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* Beginning of Yr to Middle of Yr ( 17 Instr'l Wks) Beginning of Yr to End of Yr ( 32 Instr'l Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 168 6.85 7.85 1,649 211 4.98 5.65 78,180 168 11.94 7.85 1,649 211 9.03 5.65 78,180 169 6.78 7.75 2,079 212 4.96 5.64 72,784 169 11.81 7.75 2,079 212 9.01 5.64 72,784 170 6.67 7.67 2,605 213 4.94 5.61 67,655 170 11.60 7.67 2,605 213 8.97 5.61 67,655 171 6.59 7.58 3,205 214 4.92 5.58 62,733 171 11.50 7.58 3,205 214 8.92 5.58 62,733 172 6.38 7.51 3,852 215 4.90 5.55 57,529 172 11.15 7.51 3,852 215 8.88 5.55 57,529 173 6.28 7.49 4,596 216 4.87 5.53 52,666 173 10.97 7.49 4,596 216 8.88 5.53 52,666 174 6.22 7.42 5,470 217 4.82 5.50 48,193 174 10.85 7.42 5,470 217 8.79 5.50 48,193 175 6.11 7.29 6,457 218 4.76 5.47 43,717 175 10.69 7.29 6,457 218 8.67 5.47 43,717 176 6.00 7.24 7,549 219 4.73 5.45 39,455 176 10.48 7.24 7,549 219 8.61 5.45 39,455 177 6.00 7.15 8,851 220 4.69 5.44 35,620 177 10.47 7.15 8,851 220 8.60 5.44 35,620 178 5.90 7.08 10,203 221 4.64 5.41 31,990 178 10.33 7.08 10,203 221 8.50 5.41 31,990 179 5.76 7.02 11,603 222 4.58 5.41 28,331 179 10.12 7.02 11,603 222 8.38 5.41 28,331 180 5.67 6.94 12,951 223 4.53 5.39 25,208 180 10.00 6.94 12,951 223 8.29 5.39 25,208 181 5.58 6.85 14,596 224 4.50 5.37 22,238 181 9.82 6.85 14,596 224 8.28 5.37 22,238 182 5.52 6.75 16,233 225 4.44 5.37 19,332 182 9.77 6.75 16,233 225 8.16 5.37 19,332 183 5.51 6.66 17,942 226 4.35 5.41 16,685 183 9.75 6.66 17,942 226 8.00 5.41 16,685 184 5.40 6.56 19,761 227 4.32 5.42 14,492 184 9.55 6.56 19,761 227 7.94 5.42 14,492 185 5.37 6.49 22,180 228 4.29 5.42 12,275 185 9.52 6.49 22,180 228 7.94 5.42 12,275 186 5.35 6.42 24,392 229 4.26 5.44 10,457 186 9.50 6.42 24,392 229 7.88 5.44 10,457 187 5.29 6.37 26,934 230 4.19 5.43 8,905 187 9.39 6.37 26,934 230 7.75 5.43 8,905 188 5.23 6.32 29,741 231 4.17 5.40 7,515 188 9.31 6.32 29,741 231 7.70 5.40 7,515 189 5.20 6.25 32,812 232 4.09 5.38 6216 189 9.25 6.25 32,812 232 7.60 5.38 6,216 190 5.13 6.16 35,959 233 4.02 5.36 5,125 190 9.13 6.16 35,959 233 7.47 5.36 5,125 191 5.08 6.12 39,902 234 3.80 4.59 4,246 191 9.08 6.12 39,902 234 7.15 4.59 4,246 192 5.07 6.08 44,117 235 3.75 4.62 3,468 192 9.06 6.08 44,117 235 7.06 4.62 3,468 193 4.98 6.03 48,686 236 3.71 4.66 2,833 193 8.93 6.03 48,686 236 6.99 4.66 2,833 194 4.91 5.99 53,681 237 3.68 4.66 2,272 194 8.81 5.99 53,681 237 6.92 4.66 2,272 195 4.89 5.95 59,091 195 8.76 5.95 59,091 196 4.87 5.90 64,281 196 8.73 5.90 64,281 197 4.84 5.87 69,920 197 8.71 5.87 69,920 198 4.83 5.85 75,604 198 8.70 5.85 75,604 199 4.84 5.82 80,693 199 8.72 5.82 80,693 200 4.85 5.82 85,506 200 8.74 5.82 85,506 201 4.85 5.81 90,073 201 8.74 5.81 90,073 202 4.87 5.79 93,538 202 8.78 5.79 93,538 203 4.90 5.77 96,325 203 8.84 5.77 96,325 204 4.93 5.76 98,358 204 8.90 5.76 98,358 205 4.94 5.75 99,078 205 8.92 5.75 99,078 206 4.97 5.73 98,257 206 8.97 5.73 98,257 207 4.98 5.71 96,260 207 8.99 5.71 96,260 208 5.02 5.70 92,767 208 9.11 5.70 92,767 209 5.00 5.69 88,269 209 9.08 5.69 88,269 210 5.00 5.66 83,389 210 9.07 5.66 83,389 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 4 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 83 Table 5.21b MATHEMATICS Grade 4 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* (cont.) Beginning of Yr to Beginning of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) End of Yr to End of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 168 13.14 7.85 1,649 211 10.06 5.65 78,180 171 10.48 7.88 1,069 214 8.25 5.88 62,989 169 13.00 7.75 2,079 212 10.03 5.64 72,784 172 10.27 7.93 1,309 215 8.25 5.87 62,019 170 12.76 7.67 2,605 213 9.99 5.61 67,655 173 10.14 7.77 1,575 216 8.25 5.85 60,840 171 12.66 7.58 3,205 214 9.94 5.58 62,733 174 9.88 7.65 1,879 217 8.20 5.82 59,526 172 12.28 7.51 3,852 215 9.89 5.55 57,529 175 9.64 7.58 2,278 218 8.13 5.82 57,922 173 12.08 7.49 4,596 216 9.90 5.53 52,666 176 9.53 7.50 2,656 219 8.08 5.78 56,159 174 11.94 7.42 5,470 217 9.80 5.50 48,193 177 9.40 7.36 3,103 220 8.04 5.74 53,848 175 11.79 7.29 6,457 218 9.66 5.47 43,717 178 9.41 7.32 3,565 221 7.95 5.71 51,394 176 11.55 7.24 7,549 219 9.60 5.45 39,455 179 9.32 7.24 4,162 222 7.85 5.69 48,741 177 11.53 7.15 8,851 220 9.60 5.44 35,620 180 9.33 7.15 4,768 223 7.76 5.66 45,959 178 11.39 7.08 10,203 221 9.49 5.41 31,990 181 9.05 7.08 5,411 224 7.76 5.62 43,059 179 11.17 7.02 11,603 222 9.36 5.41 28,331 182 8.97 7.01 6,154 225 7.68 5.61 40,163 180 11.05 6.94 12,951 223 9.26 5.39 25,208 183 8.89 6.95 6,961 226 7.55 5.60 37,388 181 10.85 6.85 14,596 224 9.26 5.37 22,238 184 8.78 6.94 7,801 227 7.56 5.60 34,310 182 10.80 6.75 16,233 225 9.12 5.37 19,332 185 8.63 6.87 8,665 228 7.46 5.60 31,259 183 10.78 6.66 17,942 226 8.94 5.41 16,685 186 8.63 6.86 9,682 229 7.36 5.59 28,408 184 10.55 6.56 19,761 227 8.87 5.42 14,492 187 8.56 6.81 10,728 230 7.38 5.58 25,687 185 10.54 6.49 22,180 228 8.88 5.42 12,275 188 8.51 6.75 11,832 231 7.31 5.60 22,665 186 10.51 6.42 24,392 229 8.82 5.44 10,457 189 8.50 6.67 13,282 232 7.29 5.60 20,012 187 10.39 6.37 26,934 230 8.68 5.43 8,905 190 8.35 6.59 14,891 233 7.27 5.62 17,604 188 10.32 6.32 29,741 231 8.62 5.40 7,515 191 8.30 6.50 16,631 234 7.26 5.59 15,224 189 10.25 6.25 32,812 232 8.52 5.38 6216 192 8.14 6.41 18,643 235 7.26 5.57 13,036 190 10.12 6.16 35,959 233 8.38 5.36 5,125 193 8.05 6.37 20,894 236 7.19 5.59 11,159 191 10.07 6.12 39,902 234 8.04 4.59 4,246 194 8.05 6.30 23,155 237 7.05 4.90 9,451 192 10.04 6.08 44,117 235 7.94 4.62 3,468 195 8.04 6.25 25,736 238 6.98 4.89 7,815 193 9.92 6.03 48,686 236 7.86 4.66 2,833 196 8.00 6.24 28,654 239 6.91 4.90 6,545 194 9.78 5.99 53,681 237 7.78 4.66 2,272 197 7.97 6.20 31,803 240 6.86 4.91 5,431 195 9.73 5.95 59,091 198 7.98 6.17 35,257 241 6.79 4.92 4,497 196 9.69 5.90 64,281 199 7.97 6.16 38,913 242 6.75 4.87 3,640 197 9.68 5.87 69,920 200 7.93 6.16 42,507 243 6.70 4.92 3,018 198 9.68 5.85 75,604 201 7.98 6.14 46,198 244 6.67 4.98 2,447 199 9.69 5.82 80,693 202 8.01 6.12 49,607 245 6.65 5.02 1,965 200 9.71 5.82 85,506 203 8.06 6.08 53,121 246 6.57 5.00 1,609 201 9.72 5.81 90,073 204 8.10 6.05 56,223 247 6.48 5.07 1,320 202 9.76 5.79 93,538 205 8.19 6.01 59,099 203 9.84 5.77 96,325 206 8.19 5.99 61,235 204 9.89 5.76 98,358 207 8.20 5.98 63,229 205 9.92 5.75 99,078 208 8.24 5.97 64,317 206 9.98 5.73 98,257 209 8.27 5.95 64,970 207 10.00 5.71 96,260 210 8.37 5.94 65,121 208 10.14 5.70 92,767 211 8.39 5.93 65,088 209 10.12 5.69 88,269 212 8.37 5.92 64,619 210 10.10 5.66 83,389 213 8.33 5.89 64,012 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 4 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

84 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.22a MATHEMATICS Grade 5 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* Beginning of Yr to Middle of Yr ( 17 Instr'l Wks) Beginning of Yr to End of Yr ( 32 Instr'l Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 172 5.81 7.96 1,631 215 4.23 5.79 78,957 172 10.03 7.96 1,631 215 7.63 5.79 78,957 173 5.68 7.82 1,920 216 4.19 5.76 77,782 173 9.78 7.82 1,920 216 7.55 5.76 77,782 174 5.46 7.67 2,282 217 4.15 5.73 76,533 174 9.46 7.67 2,282 217 7.47 5.73 76,533 175 5.36 7.62 2,697 218 4.12 5.69 74,994 175 9.23 7.62 2,697 218 7.47 5.69 74,994 176 5.32 7.65 3,096 219 4.07 5.64 73,299 176 9.20 7.65 3,096 219 7.37 5.64 73,299 177 5.21 7.49 3,566 220 4.02 5.59 70,869 177 9.00 7.49 3,566 220 7.28 5.59 70,869 178 5.05 7.41 4,121 221 3.98 5.55 68,341 178 8.79 7.41 4,121 221 7.21 5.55 68,341 179 4.94 7.36 4,665 222 3.95 5.51 65,203 179 8.59 7.36 4,665 222 7.20 5.51 65,203 180 4.81 7.36 5,287 223 3.90 5.48 62,007 180 8.43 7.36 5,287 223 7.10 5.48 62,007 181 4.76 7.31 5,986 224 3.85 5.44 58,566 181 8.33 7.31 5,986 224 7.00 5.44 58,566 182 4.66 7.23 6,612 225 3.80 5.39 55,064 182 8.16 7.23 6,612 225 6.92 5.39 55,064 183 4.63 7.18 7,499 226 3.77 5.36 51,446 183 8.15 7.18 7,499 226 6.86 5.36 51,446 184 4.58 7.08 8,371 227 3.75 5.33 47,773 184 8.04 7.08 8,371 227 6.86 5.33 47,773 185 4.53 7.01 9,323 228 3.68 5.32 43,972 185 7.95 7.01 9,323 228 6.74 5.32 43,972 186 4.48 6.98 10,441 229 3.66 5.29 40,144 186 7.90 6.98 10,441 229 6.70 5.29 40,144 187 4.47 6.97 11,711 230 3.61 5.28 36,523 187 7.89 6.97 11,711 230 6.60 5.28 36,523 188 4.44 6.89 12,908 231 3.57 5.26 32,726 188 7.83 6.89 12,908 231 6.57 5.26 32,726 189 4.38 6.85 14,389 232 3.49 5.24 29,261 189 7.72 6.85 14,389 232 6.42 5.24 29,261 190 4.35 6.80 16,010 233 3.46 5.20 25,926 190 7.65 6.80 16,010 233 6.42 5.20 25,926 191 4.26 6.75 17,885 234 3.37 5.21 22,701 191 7.55 6.75 17,885 234 6.25 5.21 22,701 192 4.22 6.68 20,026 235 3.33 5.21 19,704 192 7.46 6.68 20,026 235 6.18 5.21 19,704 193 4.19 6.64 22,599 236 3.30 5.20 17228 193 7.45 6.64 22,599 236 6.16 5.20 17,228 194 4.17 6.58 25,573 237 3.26 5.14 14765 194 7.42 6.58 25,573 237 6.09 5.14 14,765 195 4.14 6.52 28,964 238 3.20 5.11 12583 195 7.36 6.52 28,964 238 5.97 5.11 12,583 196 4.14 6.45 32,442 239 3.13 5.17 10668 196 7.36 6.45 32,442 239 5.84 5.17 10,668 197 4.13 6.42 36,379 240 2.95 4.43 9005 197 7.35 6.42 36,379 240 5.55 4.43 9,005 198 4.12 6.38 40,535 241 2.91 4.43 7465 198 7.38 6.38 40,535 241 5.48 4.43 7,465 199 4.13 6.35 44,764 242 2.84 4.41 6292 199 7.39 6.35 44,764 242 5.34 4.41 6,292 200 4.16 6.33 49,316 243 2.76 4.43 5259 200 7.45 6.33 49,316 243 5.19 4.43 5,259 201 4.18 6.31 54,192 244 2.70 4.36 4425 201 7.49 6.31 54,192 244 5.08 4.36 4,425 202 4.22 6.28 59,035 245 2.65 4.37 3,730 202 7.55 6.28 59,035 245 4.98 4.37 3,730 203 4.24 6.24 63,781 246 2.57 4.37 3,150 203 7.59 6.24 63,781 246 4.84 4.37 3,150 204 4.27 6.21 68,456 247 2.55 4.58 2,572 204 7.65 6.21 68,456 247 4.79 4.58 2,572 205 4.27 6.19 72,452 248 2.51 4.59 2,133 205 7.65 6.19 72,452 248 4.73 4.59 2,133 206 4.29 6.15 75,917 249 2.49 4.67 1,767 206 7.70 6.15 75,917 249 4.68 4.67 1,767 207 4.30 6.12 78,748 207 7.72 6.12 78,748 208 4.32 6.08 80,607 208 7.74 6.08 80,607 209 4.32 6.05 81,920 209 7.75 6.05 81,920 210 4.32 6.01 82,234 210 7.75 6.01 82,234 211 4.32 5.97 82,094 211 7.74 5.97 82,094 212 4.31 5.94 81,561 212 7.73 5.94 81,561 213 4.28 5.88 80,859 213 7.73 5.88 80,859 214 4.27 5.83 79,691 214 7.71 5.83 79,691 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 5 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 85 Table 5.22b MATHEMATICS Grade 5 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* (cont.) Beginning of Yr to Beginning of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) End of Yr to End of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 172 11.01 7.96 1,631 215 8.48 5.79 78,957 175 8.76 7.65 1,146 218 6.16 6.03 57,786 173 10.73 7.82 1,920 216 8.39 5.76 77,782 176 8.56 7.84 1,350 219 6.13 5.97 58,854 174 10.39 7.67 2,282 217 8.31 5.73 76,533 177 8.33 7.74 1,584 220 6.07 5.93 59,825 175 10.12 7.62 2,697 218 8.32 5.69 74,994 178 8.11 7.68 1,861 221 6.05 5.87 60,494 176 10.11 7.65 3,096 219 8.20 5.64 73,299 179 8.00 7.64 2,122 222 6.00 5.84 60,878 177 9.87 7.49 3,566 220 8.10 5.59 70,869 180 7.89 7.54 2,419 223 6.02 5.81 60,777 178 9.68 7.41 4,121 221 8.02 5.55 68,341 181 7.64 7.36 2,713 224 5.91 5.78 60,561 179 9.44 7.36 4,665 222 8.03 5.51 65,203 182 7.60 7.33 3,020 225 5.84 5.74 59,922 180 9.30 7.36 5,287 223 7.92 5.48 62,007 183 7.56 7.33 3,342 226 5.79 5.71 58,728 181 9.18 7.31 5,986 224 7.80 5.44 58,566 184 7.57 7.25 3,764 227 5.68 4.91 57,104 182 8.99 7.23 6,612 225 7.71 5.39 55,064 185 7.41 7.17 4,155 228 5.64 4.87 55,502 183 8.99 7.18 7,499 226 7.64 5.36 51,446 186 7.35 7.13 4,619 229 5.66 4.85 53,823 184 8.87 7.08 8,371 227 7.66 5.33 47,773 187 7.20 7.04 5,160 230 5.66 4.82 51,711 185 8.77 7.01 9,323 228 7.52 5.32 43,972 188 6.93 7.04 5,766 231 5.66 4.78 49,453 186 8.73 6.98 10,441 229 7.48 5.29 40,144 189 6.76 7.04 6,427 232 5.65 4.77 47,042 187 8.72 6.97 11,711 230 7.37 5.28 36,523 190 6.63 7.00 7,154 233 5.65 4.76 44,243 188 8.65 6.89 12,908 231 7.35 5.26 32,726 191 6.43 6.92 8,024 234 5.64 4.73 41,105 189 8.53 6.85 14,389 232 7.18 5.24 29,261 192 6.42 6.88 9,074 235 5.64 4.72 37,861 190 8.45 6.80 16,010 233 7.19 5.20 25,926 193 6.33 6.81 10,248 236 5.64 4.72 34,781 191 8.34 6.75 17,885 234 7.01 5.21 22,701 194 6.22 6.74 11,499 237 5.64 4.69 31,616 192 8.25 6.68 20,026 235 6.92 5.21 19,704 195 6.20 6.73 12,957 238 5.65 4.67 28,318 193 8.25 6.64 22,599 236 6.92 5.20 17228 196 6.21 6.73 14,502 239 5.66 4.67 25,224 194 8.22 6.58 25,573 237 6.83 5.14 14765 197 6.19 6.71 16,253 240 5.66 4.66 22,271 195 8.15 6.52 28,964 238 6.70 5.11 12583 198 6.16 6.69 18,122 241 5.65 4.65 19,456 196 8.15 6.45 32,442 239 6.55 5.17 10668 199 6.22 6.65 20,305 242 5.62 4.65 16,888 197 8.14 6.42 36,379 240 6.24 4.43 9005 200 6.22 6.61 22,568 243 5.59 4.65 14,786 198 8.19 6.38 40,535 241 6.17 4.43 7465 201 6.23 6.57 25,197 244 5.52 4.65 12,840 199 8.19 6.35 44,764 242 6.01 4.41 6292 202 6.25 6.51 27,652 245 5.46 4.68 11,114 200 8.27 6.33 49,316 243 5.84 4.43 5259 203 6.21 6.47 30,392 246 5.41 4.70 9,504 201 8.31 6.31 54,192 244 5.71 4.36 4425 204 6.21 6.45 32,927 247 5.36 4.72 8,087 202 8.38 6.28 59,035 245 5.60 4.37 3,730 205 6.24 6.43 35,551 248 5.28 4.71 6,861 203 8.43 6.24 63,781 246 5.45 4.37 3,150 206 6.40 6.40 37,872 249 5.28 4.77 5,730 204 8.49 6.21 68,456 247 5.39 4.58 2,572 207 6.41 6.37 40,178 250 5.25 4.78 4,800 205 8.49 6.19 72,452 248 5.32 4.59 2,133 208 6.47 6.35 42,493 251 5.19 4.85 4,076 206 8.55 6.15 75,917 249 5.27 4.67 1,767 209 6.45 6.33 44,658 252 5.10 4.81 3,410 207 8.57 6.12 78,748 210 6.45 6.31 46,446 253 5.07 4.86 2,821 208 8.59 6.08 80,607 211 6.44 6.28 48,302 254 4.92 4.83 2,318 209 8.60 6.05 81,920 212 6.41 6.24 49,951 255 4.75 4.83 1,863 210 8.61 6.01 82,234 213 6.39 6.21 51,192 256 4.69 4.85 1,463 211 8.60 5.97 82,094 214 6.40 6.19 52,370 257 4.61 4.81 1,148 212 8.58 5.94 81,561 215 6.31 6.14 53,759 213 8.59 5.88 80,859 216 6.18 6.11 54,968 214 8.57 5.83 79,691 217 6.15 6.07 56,412 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 5 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

86 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.23a MATHEMATICS Grade 6 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* Beginning of Yr to Middle of Yr ( 17 Instr'l Wks) Beginning of Yr to End of Yr ( 32 Instr'l Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 174 5.64 7.90 1,292 217 3.74 5.94 72,805 174 9.56 7.90 1,292 217 6.71 5.94 72,805 175 5.59 7.93 1,475 218 3.71 5.90 74,654 175 9.47 7.93 1,475 218 6.64 5.90 74,654 176 5.48 7.87 1,721 219 3.68 5.84 76,373 176 9.31 7.87 1,721 219 6.59 5.84 76,373 177 5.37 7.71 2,018 220 3.66 5.78 77,388 177 9.15 7.71 2,018 220 6.59 5.78 77,388 178 5.30 7.55 2,314 221 3.65 5.74 78,118 178 9.11 7.55 2,314 221 6.59 5.74 78,118 179 5.17 7.42 2,645 222 3.63 5.63 78,419 179 8.88 7.42 2,645 222 6.54 5.63 78,419 180 5.07 7.34 3,036 223 3.60 5.57 78,329 180 8.73 7.34 3,036 223 6.50 5.57 78,329 181 4.87 7.23 3,444 224 3.59 5.51 77,245 181 8.39 7.23 3,444 224 6.48 5.51 77,245 182 4.72 7.25 3,881 225 3.56 5.51 76,064 182 8.17 7.25 3,881 225 6.47 5.51 76,064 183 4.63 7.30 4,335 226 3.55 5.44 74,262 183 8.00 7.30 4,335 226 6.44 5.44 74,262 184 4.57 7.22 4,835 227 3.51 5.42 71,813 184 7.94 7.22 4,835 227 6.37 5.42 71,813 185 4.55 7.19 5,389 228 3.46 5.39 69,191 185 7.94 7.19 5,389 228 6.27 5.39 69,191 186 4.55 7.08 6,005 229 3.44 5.36 66,991 186 7.93 7.08 6,005 229 6.23 5.36 66,991 187 4.50 7.04 6,668 230 3.41 5.25 64,160 187 7.85 7.04 6,668 230 6.23 5.25 64,160 188 4.38 6.93 7,451 231 3.38 5.23 61,251 188 7.62 6.93 7,451 231 6.17 5.23 61,251 189 4.37 6.89 8,251 232 3.33 5.19 58,116 189 7.59 6.89 8,251 232 6.08 5.19 58,116 190 4.31 6.84 9,251 233 3.31 5.15 54,469 190 7.54 6.84 9,251 233 6.04 5.15 54,469 191 4.21 6.82 10,404 234 3.27 5.13 50,759 191 7.34 6.82 10,404 234 6.01 5.13 50,759 192 4.14 6.78 11,635 235 3.20 5.12 46,897 192 7.26 6.78 11,635 235 5.88 5.12 46,897 193 4.11 6.77 12,982 236 3.16 5.09 42,730 193 7.22 6.77 12,982 236 5.80 5.09 42,730 194 4.04 6.75 14,587 237 3.12 5.05 38,877 194 7.12 6.75 14,587 237 5.79 5.05 38,877 195 3.98 6.69 16,308 238 3.08 5.02 35353 195 7.02 6.69 16,308 238 5.70 5.02 35,353 196 3.96 6.67 18,058 239 3.01 5.01 31466 196 6.98 6.67 18,058 239 5.56 5.01 31,466 197 3.96 6.64 20,038 240 2.95 4.96 27855 197 6.98 6.64 20,038 240 5.51 4.96 27,855 198 3.96 6.63 22,365 241 2.87 4.94 24682 198 6.98 6.63 22,365 241 5.36 4.94 24,682 199 3.94 6.70 24,785 242 2.71 4.17 21583 199 6.97 6.70 24,785 242 5.11 4.17 21,583 200 3.94 6.67 27,155 243 2.70 4.13 18674 200 6.96 6.67 27,155 243 5.09 4.13 18,674 201 3.92 6.61 29,949 244 2.69 4.13 16180 201 6.93 6.61 29,949 244 5.06 4.13 16,180 202 3.91 6.58 32,710 245 2.67 4.12 13931 202 6.92 6.58 32,710 245 5.02 4.12 13,931 203 3.89 6.54 35,484 246 2.66 4.10 11835 203 6.89 6.54 35,484 246 5.01 4.10 11,835 204 3.89 6.43 38,595 247 2.63 4.14 10089 204 6.90 6.43 38,595 247 4.95 4.14 10,089 205 3.88 6.38 41,587 248 2.59 4.15 8549 205 6.88 6.38 41,587 248 4.88 4.15 8,549 206 3.91 6.34 44,416 249 2.56 4.14 7130 206 6.93 6.34 44,416 249 4.81 4.14 7,130 207 3.91 6.29 47,584 250 2.52 4.22 6000 207 6.97 6.29 47,584 250 4.75 4.22 6,000 208 3.88 6.26 50,288 251 2.50 4.29 5,076 208 6.92 6.26 50,288 251 4.70 4.29 5,076 209 3.85 6.23 52,797 252 2.49 4.28 4,146 209 6.87 6.23 52,797 252 4.68 4.28 4,146 210 3.84 6.21 55,392 253 2.49 4.31 3,422 210 6.85 6.21 55,392 253 4.68 4.31 3,422 211 3.82 6.18 57,907 254 2.47 4.34 2,777 211 6.81 6.18 57,907 254 4.65 4.34 2,777 212 3.80 6.13 60,175 255 2.44 4.26 2,240 212 6.77 6.13 60,175 255 4.59 4.26 2,240 213 3.82 6.07 62,870 213 6.86 6.07 62,870 214 3.81 6.03 65,260 214 6.84 6.03 65,260 215 3.78 5.98 67,922 215 6.77 5.98 67,922 216 3.77 5.94 70,424 216 6.75 5.94 70,424 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 6 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 87 Table 5.23b MATHEMATICS Grade 6 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* (cont.) Beginning of Yr to Beginning of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) End of Yr to End of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 174 10.44 7.90 1,292 217 7.44 5.94 72,805 178 9.05 7.55 1,321 221 6.04 5.94 51,631 175 10.33 7.93 1,475 218 7.37 5.90 74,654 179 8.80 7.47 1,508 222 6.04 5.90 52,927 176 10.17 7.87 1,721 219 7.32 5.84 76,373 180 8.80 7.30 1,723 223 5.94 5.85 54,371 177 10.00 7.71 2,018 220 7.33 5.78 77,388 181 8.68 7.21 1,949 224 5.88 5.80 55,566 178 9.99 7.55 2,314 221 7.33 5.74 78,118 182 8.64 7.34 2,209 225 5.83 5.82 56,317 179 9.73 7.42 2,645 222 7.27 5.63 78,419 183 8.42 7.38 2,503 226 5.80 5.79 57,051 180 9.58 7.34 3,036 223 7.22 5.57 78,329 184 8.40 7.23 2,781 227 5.79 5.74 57,718 181 9.21 7.23 3,444 224 7.20 5.51 77,245 185 8.31 7.17 3,037 228 5.72 5.68 57,869 182 8.97 7.25 3,881 225 7.20 5.51 76,064 186 8.15 7.19 3,359 229 5.67 5.62 57,902 183 8.78 7.30 4,335 226 7.17 5.44 74,262 187 7.78 7.04 3,741 230 5.63 5.54 58,040 184 8.73 7.22 4,835 227 7.10 5.42 71,813 188 7.60 6.95 4,221 231 5.64 5.48 57,836 185 8.74 7.19 5,389 228 6.98 5.39 69,191 189 7.50 7.03 4,797 232 5.53 5.44 56,986 186 8.74 7.08 6,005 229 6.93 5.36 66,991 190 7.34 7.01 5,309 233 5.53 5.39 56,010 187 8.64 7.04 6,668 230 6.95 5.25 64,160 191 7.18 6.96 5,852 234 5.54 5.37 54,663 188 8.38 6.93 7,451 231 6.88 5.23 61,251 192 7.18 6.97 6,465 235 5.44 5.34 52,844 189 8.36 6.89 8,251 232 6.78 5.19 58,116 193 7.19 6.95 7,066 236 5.39 5.33 50,668 190 8.31 6.84 9,251 233 6.73 5.15 54,469 194 7.12 6.84 7,738 237 5.22 4.64 48,371 191 8.09 6.82 10,404 234 6.71 5.13 50,759 195 7.13 6.82 8,674 238 5.23 4.61 45,592 192 8.01 6.78 11,635 235 6.58 5.12 46,897 196 7.12 6.76 9,673 239 5.22 4.58 42,550 193 7.96 6.77 12,982 236 6.48 5.09 42,730 197 7.02 6.68 10,758 240 5.21 4.53 39,348 194 7.87 6.75 14,587 237 6.48 5.05 38,877 198 6.81 6.65 12,093 241 5.18 4.49 36,154 195 7.75 6.69 16,308 238 6.38 5.02 35353 199 6.79 6.66 13,323 242 5.16 4.46 32,943 196 7.71 6.67 18,058 239 6.23 5.01 31466 200 6.72 6.65 14,676 243 5.13 4.45 29,896 197 7.71 6.64 20,038 240 6.19 4.96 27855 201 6.70 6.63 16,122 244 5.10 4.43 27,001 198 7.70 6.63 22,365 241 6.02 4.94 24682 202 6.70 6.62 17,619 245 5.08 4.43 24,371 199 7.70 6.70 24,785 242 5.75 4.17 21583 203 6.69 6.57 18,938 246 5.03 4.45 21,850 200 7.69 6.67 27,155 243 5.72 4.13 18674 204 6.68 6.53 20,560 247 4.98 4.46 19,538 201 7.66 6.61 29,949 244 5.69 4.13 16180 205 6.62 6.50 22,138 248 4.92 4.48 17,572 202 7.66 6.58 32,710 245 5.64 4.12 13931 206 6.57 6.61 23,935 249 4.89 4.49 15,635 203 7.62 6.54 35,484 246 5.64 4.10 11835 207 6.56 6.59 25,684 250 4.85 4.51 13,747 204 7.63 6.43 38,595 247 5.57 4.14 10089 208 6.57 6.57 27,470 251 4.85 4.50 12,118 205 7.61 6.38 41,587 248 5.49 4.15 8549 209 6.55 6.55 29,218 252 4.85 4.48 10,574 206 7.67 6.34 44,416 249 5.41 4.14 7130 210 6.52 6.50 30,973 253 4.84 4.46 9,063 207 7.73 6.29 47,584 250 5.35 4.22 6000 211 6.51 6.36 32,614 254 4.84 4.50 7,763 208 7.68 6.26 50,288 251 5.29 4.29 5,076 212 6.51 6.29 34,464 255 4.82 4.51 6,666 209 7.61 6.23 52,797 252 5.26 4.28 4,146 213 6.50 6.24 36,369 256 4.77 4.54 5,517 210 7.59 6.21 55,392 253 5.26 4.31 3,422 214 6.46 6.21 38,350 257 4.76 4.50 4,527 211 7.54 6.18 57,907 254 5.23 4.34 2,777 215 6.36 6.18 40,422 258 4.75 4.54 3,655 212 7.51 6.13 60,175 255 5.16 4.26 2,240 216 6.35 6.23 42,483 259 4.74 4.47 2,872 213 7.61 6.07 62,870 217 6.24 6.21 44,569 260 4.74 4.54 2,186 214 7.59 6.03 65,260 218 6.15 6.17 46,437 261 4.73 4.53 1,663 215 7.52 5.98 67,922 219 6.12 6.13 48,355 262 4.73 4.63 1,261 216 7.50 5.94 70,424 220 6.07 6.07 50,098 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 6 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

88 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.24a MATHEMATICS Grade 7 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* Beginning of Yr to Middle of Yr ( 17 Instr'l Wks) Beginning of Yr to End of Yr ( 32 Instr'l Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 177 6.13 7.58 1,278 220 3.61 6.00 60,373 177 10.11 7.58 1,278 220 6.31 6.00 60,373 178 5.87 7.59 1,526 221 3.57 5.94 62,741 178 9.71 7.59 1,526 221 6.29 5.94 62,741 179 5.61 7.52 1,730 222 3.54 5.86 64,186 179 9.36 7.52 1,730 222 6.24 5.86 64,186 180 5.42 7.37 1,922 223 3.49 5.74 65,651 180 9.06 7.37 1,922 223 6.14 5.74 65,651 181 5.36 7.26 2,167 224 3.44 5.74 66,648 181 8.99 7.26 2,167 224 6.04 5.74 66,648 182 5.33 7.38 2,463 225 3.40 5.68 67,933 182 8.98 7.38 2,463 225 6.01 5.68 67,933 183 5.31 7.34 2,774 226 3.36 5.62 68,713 183 8.89 7.34 2,774 226 5.93 5.62 68,713 184 5.29 7.26 3,081 227 3.31 5.65 69,725 184 8.84 7.26 3,081 227 5.84 5.65 69,725 185 5.22 7.22 3,477 228 3.28 5.60 70,083 185 8.76 7.22 3,477 228 5.84 5.60 70,083 186 5.10 7.14 3,905 229 3.25 5.49 70,255 186 8.54 7.14 3,905 229 5.79 5.49 70,255 187 4.98 7.09 4,309 230 3.21 5.43 70,040 187 8.42 7.09 4,309 230 5.71 5.43 70,040 188 4.80 7.04 4,816 231 3.19 5.37 69,644 188 8.17 7.04 4,816 231 5.68 5.37 69,644 189 4.59 7.02 5,378 232 3.16 5.26 68,763 189 7.83 7.02 5,378 232 5.67 5.26 68,763 190 4.56 7.06 5,977 233 3.12 5.22 67,544 190 7.81 7.06 5,977 233 5.58 5.22 67,544 191 4.54 7.02 6,573 234 3.08 5.18 66,113 191 7.77 7.02 6,573 234 5.52 5.18 66,113 192 4.51 6.96 7,300 235 3.04 5.15 63,975 192 7.77 6.96 7,300 235 5.44 5.15 63,975 193 4.43 6.89 8,062 236 3.04 5.10 61,313 193 7.58 6.89 8,062 236 5.43 5.10 61,313 194 4.42 6.82 8,923 237 3.01 5.05 58,428 194 7.55 6.82 8,923 237 5.43 5.05 58,428 195 4.31 6.76 9,992 238 2.98 5.00 55,095 195 7.39 6.76 9,992 238 5.37 5.00 55,095 196 4.22 6.77 11,177 239 2.93 4.95 51,746 196 7.27 6.77 11,177 239 5.27 4.95 51,746 197 4.13 6.71 12,471 240 2.89 4.89 48,171 197 7.14 6.71 12,471 240 5.24 4.89 48,171 198 4.12 6.70 13,844 241 2.80 4.846 44,667 198 7.13 6.70 13,844 241 5.07 4.85 44,667 199 4.09 6.67 15,394 242 2.76 4.79 40,901 199 7.08 6.67 15,394 242 5.05 4.79 40,901 200 4.08 6.61 16,820 243 2.68 4.76 37,551 200 7.05 6.61 16,820 243 4.95 4.76 37,551 201 4.05 6.58 18,452 244 2.58 4.70 33,954 201 7.00 6.58 18,452 244 4.75 4.70 33,954 202 4.02 6.54 20,108 245 2.52 4.67 30,711 202 7.00 6.54 20,108 245 4.70 4.67 30,711 203 3.99 6.51 21,963 246 2.34 3.97 27,647 203 6.93 6.51 21,963 246 4.41 3.97 27,647 204 3.96 6.50 23,849 247 2.31 3.95 25,016 204 6.88 6.50 23,849 247 4.35 3.95 25,016 205 3.93 6.46 25,927 248 2.28 3.96 22,343 205 6.87 6.46 25,927 248 4.29 3.96 22,343 206 3.92 6.46 27,994 249 2.26 3.95 20,009 206 6.86 6.46 27,994 249 4.26 3.95 20,009 207 3.91 6.44 30,103 250 2.24 3.95 17,833 207 6.83 6.44 30,103 250 4.21 3.95 17,833 208 3.90 6.41 32,015 251 2.21 3.92 15,678 208 6.82 6.41 32,015 251 4.16 3.92 15,678 209 3.90 6.37 34,177 252 2.19 3.95 13,579 209 6.82 6.37 34,177 252 4.12 3.95 13,579 210 3.90 6.36 36,246 253 2.14 3.92 11,673 210 6.82 6.36 36,246 253 4.02 3.92 11,673 211 3.89 6.29 38,398 254 2.09 3.91 9,901 211 6.79 6.29 38,398 254 3.94 3.91 9,901 212 3.87 6.26 40,508 255 2.06 3.98 8,281 212 6.76 6.26 40,508 255 3.88 3.98 8,281 213 3.81 6.22 42,941 256 2.00 4.03 6,834 213 6.64 6.22 42,941 256 3.76 4.03 6,834 214 3.77 6.20 45,091 257 1.99 4.04 5,682 214 6.57 6.20 45,091 257 3.74 4.04 5,682 215 3.74 6.15 47,719 258 1.99 4.11 4,677 215 6.57 6.15 47,719 258 3.74 4.11 4,677 216 3.71 6.13 50,053 259 1.97 4.20 3,814 216 6.50 6.13 50,053 259 3.70 4.20 3,814 217 3.65 6.10 52,871 260 1.93 4.06 3,040 217 6.39 6.10 52,871 260 3.64 4.06 3,040 218 3.65 6.11 55,564 261 1.90 3.98 2,478 218 6.38 6.11 55,564 261 3.57 3.98 2,478 219 3.63 6.05 58,304 262 1.82 4.06 1,950 219 6.35 6.05 58,304 262 3.42 4.06 1,950 263 1.66 4.04 1,540 263 3.13 4.04 1,540 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 7 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 89 Table 5.24b MATHEMATICS Grade 7 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* (cont.) Beginning of Yr to Beginning of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) End of Yr to End of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 177 10.94 7.58 1,278 220 6.96 6.00 60,373 179 9.50 7.89 951 223 5.58 6.04 38,022 178 10.52 7.59 1,526 221 6.95 5.94 62,741 180 9.35 7.78 1,099 224 5.50 5.99 39,507 179 10.17 7.52 1,730 222 6.89 5.86 64,186 181 9.16 7.73 1,226 225 5.37 5.93 40,923 180 9.85 7.37 1,922 223 6.78 5.74 65,651 182 8.99 7.79 1,423 226 5.25 5.98 42,601 181 9.78 7.26 2,167 224 6.67 5.74 66,648 183 8.92 7.72 1,624 227 5.18 6.02 44,057 182 9.78 7.38 2,463 225 6.65 5.68 67,933 184 8.74 7.63 1,843 228 4.98 5.96 45,455 183 9.67 7.34 2,774 226 6.56 5.62 68,713 185 8.53 7.53 2,043 229 4.94 5.88 46,655 184 9.62 7.26 3,081 227 6.46 5.65 69,725 186 8.44 7.40 2,297 230 4.83 5.82 47,767 185 9.54 7.22 3,477 228 6.47 5.60 70,083 187 8.33 7.33 2,493 231 4.84 5.67 48,640 186 9.29 7.14 3,905 229 6.41 5.49 70,255 188 8.33 7.29 2,771 232 4.73 5.55 49,418 187 9.18 7.09 4,309 230 6.32 5.43 70,040 189 8.33 7.40 3,039 233 4.64 5.49 49,999 188 8.93 7.04 4,816 231 6.29 5.37 69,644 190 8.30 7.31 3,352 234 4.64 5.47 50,410 189 8.56 7.02 5,378 232 6.29 5.26 68,763 191 7.89 7.24 3,674 235 4.63 5.43 50,295 190 8.56 7.06 5,977 233 6.19 5.22 67,544 192 7.75 7.17 4,089 236 4.51 5.48 49,805 191 8.51 7.02 6,573 234 6.12 5.18 66,113 193 7.56 7.10 4,448 237 4.46 5.45 49,058 192 8.53 6.96 7,300 235 6.03 5.15 63,975 194 7.46 7.00 4,949 238 4.46 5.39 47,606 193 8.29 6.89 8,062 236 6.03 5.10 61,313 195 7.43 7.00 5,479 239 4.46 5.34 45,953 194 8.26 6.82 8,923 237 6.03 5.05 58,428 196 7.41 7.01 6,074 240 4.33 5.30 44,092 195 8.10 6.76 9,992 238 5.97 5.00 55,095 197 7.40 6.94 6,767 241 4.34 5.14 41,880 196 7.98 6.77 11,177 239 5.86 4.95 51,746 198 7.40 6.89 7,490 242 4.28 5.10 39,731 197 7.85 6.71 12,471 240 5.84 4.89 48,171 199 7.28 6.88 8,178 243 4.15 4.39 37,878 198 7.83 6.70 13,844 241 5.65 4.85 44667 200 7.09 6.83 9,046 244 4.15 4.37 35,623 199 7.78 6.67 15,394 242 5.63 4.79 40901 201 6.98 6.79 9,901 245 4.12 4.34 33,515 200 7.75 6.61 16,820 243 5.54 4.76 37551 202 6.88 6.80 10,753 246 4.05 4.34 31,636 201 7.69 6.58 18,452 244 5.32 4.70 33954 203 6.82 6.79 11,805 247 4.03 4.33 29,643 202 7.70 6.54 20,108 245 5.28 4.67 30711 204 6.76 6.77 12,785 248 3.97 4.32 27,684 203 7.62 6.51 21,963 246 4.96 3.97 27647 205 6.75 6.77 13,788 249 3.90 4.29 25,945 204 7.57 6.50 23,849 247 4.89 3.95 25016 206 6.75 6.71 14,939 250 3.86 4.28 23,969 205 7.57 6.46 25,927 248 4.83 3.96 22343 207 6.74 6.65 16,012 251 3.83 4.29 22,148 206 7.56 6.46 27,994 249 4.80 3.95 20009 208 6.72 6.60 17,011 252 3.79 4.32 20,114 207 7.52 6.44 30,103 250 4.73 3.95 17833 209 6.74 6.56 18,336 253 3.75 4.33 18,063 208 7.51 6.41 32,015 251 4.68 3.92 15678 210 6.63 6.50 19,410 254 3.74 4.37 16,045 209 7.51 6.37 34,177 252 4.63 3.95 13579 211 6.59 6.47 20,546 255 3.73 4.36 14,181 210 7.51 6.36 36,246 253 4.53 3.92 11673 212 6.46 6.47 21,796 256 3.73 4.38 12,306 211 7.48 6.29 38,398 254 4.43 3.91 9901 213 6.42 6.44 23,163 257 3.72 4.35 10,582 212 7.44 6.26 40,508 255 4.36 3.98 8281 214 6.21 6.43 24,322 258 3.72 4.34 8,866 213 7.31 6.22 42,941 256 4.23 4.03 6834 215 6.13 6.40 25,893 259 3.72 4.37 7,302 214 7.23 6.20 45,091 257 4.21 4.04 5682 216 6.06 6.40 27,349 260 3.72 4.45 5,983 215 7.24 6.15 47,719 258 4.21 4.11 4677 217 5.98 6.36 28,968 261 3.71 4.41 4,781 216 7.16 6.13 50,053 259 4.17 4.20 3,814 218 5.88 6.33 30,500 262 3.70 4.45 3,792 217 7.05 6.10 52,871 260 4.10 4.06 3,040 219 5.83 6.30 32,160 263 3.67 4.52 3,065 218 7.04 6.11 55,564 261 4.01 3.98 2,478 220 5.72 6.25 33,757 264 3.67 4.50 2,473 219 7.00 6.05 58,304 262 3.85 4.06 1,950 221 5.64 6.19 35,206 265 3.66 4.48 1,979 263 3.52 4.04 1,540 222 5.63 6.11 36,573 266 3.66 4.49 1,577 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 7 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

90 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.25a MATHEMATICS Grade 8 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* Beginning of Yr to Middle of Yr ( 17 Instr'l Wks) Beginning of Yr to End of Yr ( 32 Instr'l Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 180 5.80 8.08 726 224 2.99 5.88 31,732 180 9.29 8.08 726 224 5.06 5.88 31,732 181 5.29 8.03 856 225 2.90 5.82 32,978 181 8.61 8.03 856 225 4.89 5.82 32,978 182 5.07 7.74 956 226 2.83 5.76 34,355 182 8.29 7.74 956 226 4.81 5.76 34,355 183 4.92 7.69 1,098 227 2.77 5.70 35,454 183 8.06 7.69 1,098 227 4.73 5.70 35,454 184 4.88 7.78 1,262 228 2.69 5.68 36,478 184 7.99 7.78 1,262 228 4.58 5.68 36,478 185 4.85 7.68 1,412 229 2.62 5.64 37,660 185 7.97 7.68 1,412 229 4.51 5.64 37,660 186 4.92 7.66 1,563 230 2.57 5.57 38,654 186 7.96 7.66 1,563 230 4.41 5.57 38,654 187 4.90 7.62 1,747 231 2.54 5.51 39,492 187 7.93 7.62 1,747 231 4.35 5.51 39,492 188 4.78 7.63 1,886 232 2.50 5.46 40,145 188 7.79 7.63 1,886 232 4.28 5.46 40,145 189 4.68 7.47 2,095 233 2.47 5.40 40,578 189 7.62 7.47 2,095 233 4.27 5.40 40,578 190 4.65 7.49 2,341 234 2.43 5.33 40,797 190 7.55 7.49 2,341 234 4.19 5.33 40,797 191 4.54 7.42 2,615 235 2.37 5.28 40,678 191 7.45 7.42 2,615 235 4.07 5.28 40,678 192 4.46 7.33 2,948 236 2.33 5.24 40,322 192 7.39 7.33 2,948 236 4.05 5.24 40,322 193 4.41 7.17 3,352 237 2.30 5.18 39,810 193 7.25 7.17 3,352 237 3.99 5.18 39,810 194 4.26 7.21 3,695 238 2.26 5.12 38,984 194 7.06 7.21 3,695 238 3.97 5.12 38,984 195 4.16 7.13 4,078 239 2.20 5.08 37,802 195 6.92 7.13 4,078 239 3.85 5.08 37,802 196 4.04 7.08 4,489 240 2.17 5.03 36,532 196 6.69 7.08 4,489 240 3.79 5.03 36,532 197 3.99 7.03 4,944 241 2.14 4.98 35,113 197 6.60 7.03 4,944 241 3.79 4.98 35,113 198 3.96 7.03 5,422 242 2.06 4.93 33,441 198 6.59 7.03 5,422 242 3.63 4.93 33,441 199 3.89 6.91 6,039 243 2.03 4.89 31,871 199 6.46 6.91 6,039 243 3.63 4.89 31,871 200 3.81 6.84 6,770 244 1.97 4.86 30,160 200 6.36 6.84 6,770 244 3.52 4.86 30,160 201 3.79 6.82 7,479 245 1.90 4.807 28535 201 6.32 6.82 7,479 245 3.42 4.81 28,535 202 3.75 6.85 8,188 246 1.83 4.788 26835 202 6.24 6.85 8,188 246 3.35 4.79 26,835 203 3.72 6.82 8,982 247 1.74 4.794 25203 203 6.19 6.82 8,982 247 3.18 4.79 25,203 204 3.70 6.76 9,728 248 1.71 4.743 23600 204 6.16 6.76 9,728 248 3.16 4.74 23,600 205 3.67 6.75 10,582 249 1.61 4.00 21992 205 6.10 6.75 10,582 249 3.03 4.00 21,992 206 3.67 6.71 11,392 250 1.60 3.98 20400 206 6.10 6.71 11,392 250 3.01 3.98 20,400 207 3.67 6.66 12,352 251 1.56 3.94 18632 207 6.09 6.66 12,352 251 2.94 3.94 18,632 208 3.64 6.62 13,219 252 1.55 3.92 16997 208 6.04 6.62 13,219 252 2.92 3.92 16,997 209 3.60 6.62 14,174 253 1.54 3.92 15210 209 6.01 6.62 14,174 253 2.89 3.92 15,210 210 3.59 6.55 15,025 254 1.51 3.94 13429 210 5.99 6.55 15,025 254 2.84 3.94 13,429 211 3.55 6.51 16,127 255 1.49 4.00 11687 211 5.92 6.51 16,127 255 2.80 4.00 11,687 212 3.53 6.52 17,071 256 1.48 4.01 10140 212 5.92 6.52 17,071 256 2.79 4.01 10,140 213 3.46 6.48 18,160 257 1.45 4.05 8613 213 5.79 6.48 18,160 257 2.74 4.05 8,613 214 3.46 6.45 19,373 258 1.41 4.07 7244 214 5.79 6.45 19,373 258 2.66 4.07 7,244 215 3.42 6.42 20,571 259 1.41 4.08 6088 215 5.76 6.42 20,571 259 2.66 4.08 6,088 216 3.38 6.36 21,861 260 1.37 4.01 4971 216 5.68 6.36 21,861 260 2.58 4.01 4,971 217 3.30 6.31 23,175 261 1.35 4.03 4042 217 5.54 6.31 23,175 261 2.54 4.03 4,042 218 3.24 6.27 24,497 262 1.29 3.96 3261 218 5.43 6.27 24,497 262 2.43 3.96 3,261 219 3.19 6.20 25,763 263 1.25 4.01 2655 219 5.38 6.20 25,763 263 2.36 4.01 2,655 220 3.13 6.15 27,016 264 1.16 4.01 2139 220 5.27 6.15 27,016 264 2.19 4.01 2,139 221 3.11 6.09 28,044 265 1.13 3.97 1,748 221 5.22 6.09 28,044 265 2.12 3.97 1,748 222 3.06 6.02 29,332 266 0.94 3.99 1,443 222 5.14 6.02 29,332 266 1.77 3.99 1,443 223 3.03 5.95 30,597 267 0.84 4.10 1,172 223 5.13 5.95 30,597 267 1.58 4.10 1,172 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 8 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 91 Table 5.25b MATHEMATICS Grade 8 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* (cont.) Beginning of Yr to Beginning of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) End of Yr to End of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 180 9.96 8.08 726 224 5.52 5.88 31,732 181 7.51 7.19 328 225 3.13 6.19 14,031 181 9.28 8.03 856 225 5.32 5.82 32,978 182 7.57 7.41 380 226 2.91 6.12 14,778 182 8.95 7.74 956 226 5.25 5.76 34,355 183 7.61 7.73 428 227 2.83 6.06 15,634 183 8.70 7.69 1,098 227 5.17 5.70 35,454 184 7.58 8.13 506 228 2.79 6.01 16,479 184 8.63 7.78 1,262 228 5.01 5.68 36,478 185 7.71 8.00 564 229 2.69 5.95 17,322 185 8.62 7.68 1,412 229 4.94 5.64 37,660 186 7.71 7.83 617 230 2.58 5.87 18,051 186 8.57 7.66 1,563 230 4.83 5.57 38,654 187 7.72 7.67 666 231 2.49 5.88 18,792 187 8.53 7.62 1,747 231 4.76 5.51 39,492 188 7.67 7.57 731 232 2.42 5.77 19,513 188 8.40 7.63 1,886 232 4.68 5.46 40,145 189 7.53 7.38 790 233 2.35 4.98 20,165 189 8.21 7.47 2,095 233 4.69 5.40 40,578 190 7.52 7.50 855 234 2.34 4.93 20,650 190 8.13 7.49 2,341 234 4.60 5.33 40,797 191 7.49 7.51 928 235 2.33 4.91 21,191 191 8.05 7.42 2,615 235 4.47 5.28 40,678 192 7.21 7.60 1,022 236 2.33 4.83 21,467 192 8.01 7.33 2,948 236 4.45 5.24 40,322 193 6.76 7.44 1,158 237 2.30 4.82 21,626 193 7.84 7.17 3,352 237 4.38 5.18 39,810 194 6.64 7.23 1,306 238 2.29 4.75 21,611 194 7.66 7.21 3,695 238 4.38 5.12 38,984 195 6.35 7.14 1,469 239 2.29 4.70 21,483 195 7.51 7.13 4,078 239 4.24 5.08 37,802 196 5.93 7.07 1,649 240 2.26 4.65 20,998 196 7.25 7.08 4,489 240 4.18 5.03 36,532 197 5.77 6.99 1,862 241 2.21 4.65 20,596 197 7.15 7.03 4,944 241 4.19 4.98 35,113 198 5.67 7.08 2,020 242 2.19 4.59 20,092 198 7.15 7.03 5,422 242 4.01 4.93 33,441 199 5.60 7.02 2,219 243 2.17 4.56 19,529 199 7.01 6.91 6,039 243 4.02 4.89 31,871 200 5.33 6.99 2,509 244 2.16 4.52 18,955 200 6.92 6.84 6,770 244 3.91 4.86 30,160 201 5.31 7.09 2,802 245 2.16 4.48 18,577 201 6.86 6.82 7,479 245 3.81 4.81 28535 202 5.18 7.04 3,056 246 2.15 4.46 17,996 202 6.78 6.85 8,188 246 3.74 4.79 26835 203 5.16 7.06 3,403 247 2.15 4.44 17,275 203 6.72 6.82 8,982 247 3.55 4.79 25203 204 5.16 7.04 3,696 248 2.15 4.49 16,625 204 6.68 6.76 9,728 248 3.55 4.74 23600 205 4.93 6.99 4,033 249 2.15 4.48 15,934 205 6.61 6.75 10,582 249 3.41 4.00 21992 206 4.88 6.95 4,320 250 2.15 4.48 15,149 206 6.61 6.71 11,392 250 3.39 3.98 20400 207 4.69 6.89 4,711 251 2.15 4.43 14,432 207 6.61 6.66 12,352 251 3.31 3.94 18632 208 4.64 6.87 5,104 252 2.13 4.42 13,595 208 6.55 6.62 13,219 252 3.29 3.92 16997 209 4.64 6.89 5,489 253 2.15 4.35 12,583 209 6.53 6.62 14,174 253 3.25 3.92 15210 210 4.60 6.88 5,843 254 2.16 4.35 11,599 210 6.51 6.55 15,025 254 3.20 3.94 13429 211 4.51 6.81 6,311 255 2.19 4.38 10,566 211 6.43 6.51 16,127 255 3.15 4.00 11687 212 4.38 6.84 6,695 256 2.25 4.40 9,384 212 6.44 6.52 17,071 256 3.14 4.01 10140 213 4.38 6.83 7,052 257 2.26 4.39 8,338 213 6.30 6.48 18,160 257 3.08 4.05 8613 214 4.37 6.72 7,503 258 2.29 4.38 7,378 214 6.29 6.45 19,373 258 3.00 4.07 7244 215 4.19 6.71 7,961 259 2.35 4.38 6,359 215 6.28 6.42 20,571 259 2.99 4.08 6088 216 4.02 6.64 8,368 260 2.29 4.27 5,377 216 6.19 6.36 21,861 260 2.91 4.01 4971 217 3.90 6.61 8,949 261 2.19 4.31 4,501 217 6.03 6.31 23,175 261 2.86 4.03 4042 218 3.71 6.54 9,555 262 2.17 4.33 3,733 218 5.91 6.27 24,497 262 2.73 3.96 3261 219 3.61 6.52 10,095 263 2.05 4.54 3,043 219 5.87 6.20 25,763 263 2.65 4.01 2655 220 3.56 6.44 10,767 264 1.94 4.64 2,482 220 5.74 6.15 27,016 264 2.47 4.01 2139 221 3.48 6.38 11,476 265 1.91 4.77 2,069 221 5.69 6.09 28,044 265 2.38 3.97 1,748 222 3.44 6.31 12,027 266 1.90 4.77 1,744 222 5.59 6.02 29,332 266 1.99 3.99 1,443 223 3.30 6.27 12,655 267 1.86 4.92 1,453 223 5.60 5.95 30,597 267 1.78 4.10 1,172 224 3.20 6.24 13,406 268 1.84 4.66 1,195 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 8 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

92 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.26a MATHEMATICS Grade 9 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* Beginning of Yr to Middle of Yr ( 17 Instr'l Wks) Beginning of Yr to End of Yr ( 32 Instr'l Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 183 3.63 6.45 291 226 1.56 4.99 11,547 183 6.83 6.45 291 226 2.94 4.99 11,547 184 3.61 6.50 312 227 1.53 4.93 12,191 184 6.80 6.50 312 227 2.88 4.93 12,191 185 3.61 6.62 349 228 1.50 4.88 12,768 185 6.79 6.62 349 228 2.82 4.88 12,768 186 3.60 6.27 382 229 1.46 4.84 13,409 186 6.78 6.27 382 229 2.75 4.84 13,409 187 3.57 6.02 458 230 1.44 4.81 14,180 187 6.71 6.02 458 230 2.71 4.81 14,180 188 3.49 6.08 505 231 1.42 4.80 14,833 188 6.58 6.08 505 231 2.68 4.80 14,833 189 3.25 6.09 614 232 1.40 4.75 15,492 189 6.12 6.09 614 232 2.64 4.75 15,492 190 3.09 5.99 697 233 1.38 4.69 16,113 190 5.82 5.99 697 233 2.60 4.69 16,113 191 2.89 6.09 804 234 1.36 4.60 16,746 191 5.44 6.09 804 234 2.56 4.60 16,746 192 2.82 6.10 866 235 1.33 4.54 17,135 192 5.31 6.10 866 235 2.50 4.54 17,135 193 2.80 6.06 978 236 1.31 4.48 17,446 193 5.26 6.06 978 236 2.46 4.48 17,446 194 2.79 6.13 1,083 237 1.31 4.42 17,705 194 5.26 6.13 1,083 237 2.46 4.42 17,705 195 2.76 6.15 1,172 238 1.29 4.40 17,878 195 5.20 6.15 1,172 238 2.44 4.40 17,878 196 2.74 6.09 1,306 239 1.29 4.36 17,817 196 5.16 6.09 1,306 239 2.44 4.36 17,817 197 2.62 6.17 1,445 240 1.29 4.31 17,554 197 4.94 6.17 1,445 240 2.43 4.31 17,554 198 2.49 6.19 1,598 241 1.29 4.26 17,235 198 4.69 6.19 1,598 241 2.43 4.26 17,235 199 2.43 5.89 1,752 242 1.29 4.25 16,902 199 4.57 5.89 1,752 242 2.43 4.25 16,902 200 2.34 5.76 1,954 243 1.28 4.18 16,359 200 4.40 5.76 1,954 243 2.41 4.18 16,359 201 2.24 5.70 2,149 244 1.26 4.12 15,795 201 4.22 5.70 2,149 244 2.36 4.12 15,795 202 2.23 5.65 2,405 245 1.23 4.07 15,420 202 4.20 5.65 2,405 245 2.31 4.07 15,420 203 2.22 5.60 2,670 246 1.22 4.06 15,030 203 4.17 5.60 2,670 246 2.29 4.06 15,030 204 2.16 5.76 2,932 247 1.21 4.009 14471 204 4.07 5.76 2,932 247 2.28 4.01 14,471 205 2.16 5.79 3,188 248 1.21 3.976 14064 205 4.07 5.79 3,188 248 2.28 3.98 14,064 206 2.13 5.75 3,444 249 1.20 3.971 13553 206 4.00 5.75 3,444 249 2.26 3.97 13,553 207 2.11 5.73 3,727 250 1.20 3.954 12888 207 3.98 5.73 3,727 250 2.26 3.95 12,888 208 2.11 5.68 3,957 251 1.20 3.919 12117 208 3.97 5.68 3,957 251 2.25 3.92 12,117 209 2.11 5.64 4,269 252 1.20 3.891 11299 209 3.97 5.64 4,269 252 2.25 3.89 11,299 210 2.11 5.59 4,574 253 1.19 3.894 10397 210 3.97 5.59 4,574 253 2.24 3.89 10,397 211 2.10 5.66 4,916 254 1.18 3.866 9494 211 3.96 5.66 4,916 254 2.21 3.87 9,494 212 2.06 5.63 5,178 255 1.14 3.883 8695 212 3.88 5.63 5,178 255 2.15 3.88 8,695 213 2.05 5.62 5,557 256 1.14 3.887 7860 213 3.86 5.62 5,557 256 2.15 3.89 7,860 214 2.00 5.58 5,870 257 1.09 3.885 6972 214 3.76 5.58 5,870 257 2.04 3.89 6,972 215 1.99 5.59 6,264 258 1.08 3.893 6095 215 3.74 5.59 6,264 258 2.04 3.89 6,095 216 1.93 5.53 6,650 259 1.07 3.941 5252 216 3.63 5.53 6,650 259 2.02 3.94 5,252 217 1.91 5.49 7,147 260 1.06 4.064 4390 217 3.60 5.49 7,147 260 2.00 4.06 4,390 218 1.82 5.43 7,659 261 1.03 4.111 3651 218 3.42 5.43 7,659 261 1.94 4.11 3,651 219 1.81 5.36 8,176 262 0.98 4.171 3075 219 3.40 5.36 8,176 262 1.84 4.17 3,075 220 1.76 5.29 8,599 263 0.92 4.16 2577 220 3.32 5.29 8,599 263 1.73 4.16 2,577 221 1.76 5.23 9,084 264 0.84 3.984 2161 221 3.32 5.23 9,084 264 1.58 3.98 2,161 222 1.71 5.21 9,498 265 0.79 3.751 1832 222 3.22 5.21 9,498 265 1.48 3.75 1,832 223 1.71 5.14 9,941 266 0.75 3.825 1526 223 3.21 5.14 9,941 266 1.42 3.82 1,526 224 1.65 5.12 10,406 267 0.64 3.98 1269 224 3.11 5.12 10,406 267 1.20 3.98 1,269 225 1.60 5.08 10,957 268 0.62 4.08 1,029 225 3.01 5.08 10,957 268 1.17 4.08 1,029 269 0.59 4.06 843 269 1.11 4.06 843 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 9 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 93 Table 5.26b MATHEMATICS Grade 9 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* (cont.) Beginning of Yr to Beginning of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) End of Yr to End of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 183 7.68 6.45 291 226 3.30 4.99 11,547 190 6.04 6.28 295 233 2.47 5.03 7,356 184 7.65 6.50 312 227 3.24 4.93 12,191 191 6.02 6.50 332 234 2.46 4.92 7,657 185 7.64 6.62 349 228 3.17 4.88 12,768 192 6.00 6.49 365 235 2.46 4.89 7,857 186 7.63 6.27 382 229 3.10 4.84 13,409 193 6.00 6.76 420 236 2.45 4.93 8,001 187 7.55 6.02 458 230 3.05 4.81 14,180 194 5.65 6.62 477 237 2.45 4.86 8,255 188 7.40 6.08 505 231 3.01 4.80 14,833 195 5.62 6.54 525 238 2.36 4.82 8,407 189 6.89 6.09 614 232 2.97 4.75 15,492 196 5.43 6.35 591 239 2.30 4.83 8,322 190 6.54 5.99 697 233 2.92 4.69 16,113 197 5.35 6.56 672 240 2.30 4.79 8,411 191 6.12 6.09 804 234 2.88 4.60 16,746 198 5.17 6.39 745 241 2.29 4.69 8,498 192 5.98 6.10 866 235 2.81 4.54 17,135 199 5.15 6.38 817 242 2.29 4.63 8,448 193 5.92 6.06 978 236 2.77 4.48 17,446 200 5.15 6.41 890 243 2.28 4.55 8,298 194 5.91 6.13 1,083 237 2.77 4.42 17,705 201 4.93 6.44 996 244 2.25 4.56 8,317 195 5.85 6.15 1,172 238 2.74 4.40 17,878 202 4.90 6.36 1,074 245 2.17 4.51 8,188 196 5.81 6.09 1,306 239 2.74 4.36 17,817 203 4.85 6.31 1,161 246 2.17 4.45 8,065 197 5.55 6.17 1,445 240 2.74 4.31 17,554 204 4.81 6.28 1,266 247 2.16 4.44 7,947 198 5.28 6.19 1,598 241 2.73 4.26 17,235 205 4.81 6.24 1,398 248 2.16 4.41 7,869 199 5.14 5.89 1,752 242 2.73 4.25 16,902 206 4.59 6.28 1,490 249 2.15 4.38 7,694 200 4.95 5.76 1,954 243 2.71 4.18 16,359 207 4.37 6.26 1,612 250 2.17 4.35 7,434 201 4.75 5.70 2,149 244 2.66 4.12 15,795 208 4.37 6.20 1,742 251 2.21 4.33 7,207 202 4.73 5.65 2,405 245 2.60 4.07 15,420 209 4.36 6.17 1,900 252 2.26 4.30 6,837 203 4.69 5.60 2,670 246 2.57 4.06 15,030 210 4.33 6.03 1,984 253 2.28 4.32 6,405 204 4.58 5.76 2,932 247 2.57 4.009 14471 211 4.33 5.91 2,083 254 2.40 4.32 5,917 205 4.58 5.79 3,188 248 2.56 3.976 14064 212 4.28 5.86 2,223 255 2.40 4.28 5,539 206 4.50 5.75 3,444 249 2.54 3.971 13553 213 4.24 5.91 2,308 256 2.41 4.27 4,982 207 4.47 5.73 3,727 250 2.54 3.954 12888 214 3.95 5.93 2,391 257 2.41 4.27 4,534 208 4.47 5.68 3,957 251 2.53 3.919 12117 215 3.78 5.93 2,574 258 2.40 4.33 4,070 209 4.47 5.64 4,269 252 2.53 3.891 11299 216 3.74 5.99 2,722 259 2.37 4.21 3,572 210 4.46 5.59 4,574 253 2.52 3.894 10397 217 3.46 6.02 2,885 260 2.37 4.19 3,079 211 4.45 5.66 4,916 254 2.49 3.866 9494 218 3.45 5.85 3,145 261 2.35 4.22 2,691 212 4.36 5.63 5,178 255 2.42 3.883 8695 219 3.41 5.81 3,362 262 2.28 4.23 2,262 213 4.34 5.62 5,557 256 2.42 3.887 7860 220 3.38 5.74 3,566 263 2.18 4.17 1,946 214 4.23 5.58 5,870 257 2.30 3.885 6972 221 3.24 5.59 3,845 264 2.17 4.28 1,661 215 4.21 5.59 6,264 258 2.29 3.893 6095 222 3.18 5.54 4,085 265 1.94 4.28 1,393 216 4.08 5.53 6,650 259 2.27 3.941 5252 223 3.16 5.58 4,280 266 1.90 4.13 1,142 217 4.05 5.49 7,147 260 2.25 4.064 4390 224 3.14 5.51 4,492 267 1.86 4.04 959 218 3.85 5.43 7,659 261 2.18 4.111 3651 225 3.03 5.47 4,717 268 1.84 4.09 783 219 3.83 5.36 8,176 262 2.07 4.171 3075 226 3.03 5.41 4,991 269 1.83 4.60 662 220 3.74 5.29 8,599 263 1.95 4.16 2577 227 3.03 5.30 5,259 270 1.77 4.84 565 221 3.73 5.23 9,084 264 1.77 3.984 2161 228 2.94 5.23 5,535 271 1.62 5.13 478 222 3.62 5.21 9,498 265 1.67 3.751 1832 229 2.79 5.21 5,997 272 1.59 5.88 399 223 3.61 5.14 9,941 266 1.60 3.825 1526 230 2.61 5.18 6,377 273 1.56 6.18 325 224 3.50 5.12 10,406 267 1.35 3.98 1269 231 2.50 5.15 6,690 225 3.39 5.08 10,957 268 1.31 4.08 1,029 232 2.48 5.09 6,998 269 1.25 4.06 843 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 9 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

94 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.27a MATHEMATICS Grade 10 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* Beginning of Yr to Middle of Yr ( 17 Instr'l Wks) Beginning of Yr to End of Yr ( 32 Instr'l Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 188 3.95 6.23 126 231 1.19 5.07 2,658 188 7.44 6.23 126 231 2.24 5.07 2,658 189 3.41 6.00 131 232 1.19 5.00 2,769 189 6.42 6.00 131 232 2.24 5.00 2,769 190 3.35 5.90 149 233 1.18 4.87 2,826 190 6.30 5.90 149 233 2.22 4.87 2,826 191 3.11 5.63 162 234 1.16 4.85 2,901 191 5.86 5.63 162 234 2.19 4.85 2,901 192 3.09 6.07 171 235 1.15 4.72 2,942 192 5.82 6.07 171 235 2.17 4.72 2,942 193 3.05 6.44 186 236 1.15 4.66 3,014 193 5.74 6.44 186 236 2.16 4.66 3,014 194 3.04 6.43 209 237 1.15 4.61 3,119 194 5.72 6.43 209 237 2.16 4.61 3,119 195 2.80 6.42 233 238 1.14 4.55 3,134 195 5.27 6.42 233 238 2.15 4.55 3,134 196 2.68 6.51 259 239 1.14 4.47 3,166 196 5.05 6.51 259 239 2.14 4.47 3,166 197 2.64 6.69 280 240 1.14 4.46 3,185 197 4.96 6.69 280 240 2.14 4.46 3,185 198 2.37 6.28 299 241 1.14 4.43 3,227 198 4.45 6.28 299 241 2.14 4.43 3,227 199 2.24 6.17 338 242 1.12 4.40 3,159 199 4.22 6.17 338 242 2.10 4.40 3,159 200 2.20 6.34 355 243 1.08 4.41 3,196 200 4.14 6.34 355 243 2.03 4.41 3,196 201 2.19 6.29 399 244 1.05 4.39 3,163 201 4.12 6.29 399 244 1.97 4.39 3,163 202 2.17 5.95 463 245 1.01 4.32 3,113 202 4.08 5.95 463 245 1.90 4.32 3,113 203 2.16 5.84 509 246 0.98 4.20 2,982 203 4.07 5.84 509 246 1.84 4.20 2,982 204 2.10 5.93 566 247 1.01 4.16 2,976 204 3.96 5.93 566 247 1.89 4.16 2,976 205 2.10 5.74 640 248 1.04 4.06 2,829 205 3.95 5.74 640 248 1.95 4.06 2,829 206 2.08 5.73 693 249 1.05 3.92 2,759 206 3.91 5.73 693 249 1.98 3.92 2,759 207 2.00 5.64 743 250 1.06 3.90 2,590 207 3.77 5.64 743 250 2.00 3.90 2,590 208 2.00 5.76 800 251 1.07 3.94 2,589 208 3.77 5.76 800 251 2.02 3.94 2,589 209 1.99 5.68 844 252 1.09 3.94 2449 209 3.75 5.68 844 252 2.06 3.94 2,449 210 1.99 5.63 896 253 1.01 3.875 2330 210 3.75 5.63 896 253 1.91 3.88 2,330 211 1.99 5.75 952 254 0.94 3.932 2137 211 3.75 5.75 952 254 1.77 3.93 2,137 212 1.99 5.75 1,016 255 0.86 3.975 2040 212 3.74 5.75 1,016 255 1.62 3.97 2,040 213 1.98 5.71 1,061 256 0.83 3.937 1838 213 3.73 5.71 1,061 256 1.57 3.94 1,838 214 1.98 5.69 1,124 257 0.82 3.795 1665 214 3.72 5.69 1,124 257 1.54 3.80 1,665 215 1.93 5.74 1,139 258 0.79 3.861 1517 215 3.64 5.74 1,139 258 1.49 3.86 1,517 216 1.93 5.73 1,154 259 0.79 3.731 1362 216 3.64 5.73 1,154 259 1.49 3.73 1,362 217 1.93 5.75 1,188 260 0.78 3.679 1190 217 3.63 5.75 1,188 260 1.46 3.68 1,190 218 1.92 5.63 1,241 261 0.73 3.765 1040 218 3.62 5.63 1,241 261 1.38 3.76 1,040 219 1.76 5.55 1,323 262 0.71 3.79 898 219 3.32 5.55 1,323 262 1.33 3.79 898 220 1.72 5.51 1,465 263 0.64 3.69 803 220 3.24 5.51 1,465 263 1.21 3.69 803 221 1.61 5.34 1,598 264 0.59 3.61 682 221 3.03 5.34 1,598 264 1.10 3.61 682 222 1.52 5.49 1,701 265 0.58 3.67 590 222 2.85 5.49 1,701 265 1.09 3.67 590 223 1.51 5.49 1,799 266 0.46 3.64 490 223 2.85 5.49 1,799 266 0.86 3.64 490 224 1.51 5.47 1,838 267 0.44 3.63 420 224 2.84 5.47 1,838 267 0.82 3.63 420 225 1.36 5.48 1,884 268 0.16 3.59 341 225 2.57 5.48 1,884 268 0.31 3.59 341 226 1.36 5.45 1,932 269 0.15 3.68 319 226 2.56 5.45 1,932 269 0.28 3.68 319 227 1.30 5.32 1,998 270 0.11 5.29 273 227 2.45 5.32 1,998 270 0.21 5.29 273 228 1.24 5.30 2,160 271 0.11 5.42 234 228 2.33 5.30 2,160 271 0.20 5.42 234 229 1.23 5.26 2,333 272 0.10 5.67 197 229 2.32 5.26 2,333 272 0.20 5.67 197 230 1.23 5.13 2,529 273 0.19 5.95 171 230 2.32 5.13 2,529 273 0.35 5.95 171 * Starting RIT score is always based on grade 10 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 95 Table 5.27b MATHEMATICS Grade 10 Growth Estimates, Standard Deviation of Individual Test Scores Around Growth Trajectories (SD), and Numbers of Students (N) for Four Comparison Intervals* (cont.) Beginning of Yr to Beginning of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) End of Yr to End of Next Yr ( 36 Instr'l. Wks) Start Start Start Start RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N RIT Estimate SD N 188 8.37 6.23 126 231 2.52 5.07 2,658 196 6.34 7.45 102 239 1.14 4.59 1,323 189 7.23 6.00 131 232 2.52 5.00 2,769 197 6.31 7.49 106 240 1.14 4.66 1,378 190 7.09 5.90 149 233 2.49 4.87 2,826 198 6.23 7.15 108 241 1.13 4.57 1,380 191 6.59 5.63 162 234 2.47 4.85 2,901 199 6.19 7.16 120 242 1.12 4.46 1,425 192 6.55 6.07 171 235 2.44 4.72 2,942 200 6.11 6.38 137 243 1.10 4.46 1,458 193 6.45 6.44 186 236 2.43 4.66 3,014 201 6.08 6.19 147 244 1.10 4.40 1,417 194 6.43 6.43 209 237 2.43 4.61 3,119 202 5.88 6.25 167 245 1.09 4.32 1,376 195 5.93 6.42 233 238 2.42 4.55 3,134 203 5.88 6.16 197 246 1.09 4.46 1,401 196 5.68 6.51 259 239 2.41 4.47 3,166 204 4.94 5.84 215 247 1.08 4.39 1,371 197 5.58 6.69 280 240 2.41 4.46 3,185 205 4.54 5.81 228 248 1.08 4.30 1,356 198 5.01 6.28 299 241 2.40 4.43 3,227 206 3.70 5.97 263 249 1.06 4.33 1,344 199 4.75 6.17 338 242 2.37 4.40 3,159 207 3.55 5.87 285 250 1.05 4.38 1,310 200 4.66 6.34 355 243 2.29 4.41 3,196 208 3.54 5.97 296 251 1.05 4.23 1,260 201 4.64 6.29 399 244 2.22 4.39 3,163 209 3.99 5.92 315 252 0.94 4.08 1,218 202 4.59 5.95 463 245 2.14 4.32 3,113 210 3.99 5.79 332 253 1.02 4.18 1,177 203 4.58 5.84 509 246 2.07 4.20 2,982 211 3.96 5.75 343 254 1.03 4.13 1,119 204 4.45 5.93 566 247 2.13 4.16 2,976 212 3.95 5.87 358 255 1.15 3.97 1,071 205 4.45 5.74 640 248 2.19 4.06 2,829 213 3.95 5.82 381 256 1.22 3.95 981 206 4.40 5.73 693 249 2.23 3.92 2,759 214 3.93 6.04 399 257 1.29 3.98 906 207 4.24 5.64 743 250 2.25 3.90 2,590 215 3.91 6.09 428 258 1.36 3.88 808 208 4.24 5.76 800 251 2.28 3.94 2,589 216 3.91 5.97 445 259 1.49 3.91 743 209 4.22 5.68 844 252 2.31 3.94 2449 217 3.87 5.75 473 260 1.72 4.09 654 210 4.22 5.63 896 253 2.15 3.875 2330 218 3.78 5.60 494 261 1.95 4.13 614 211 4.22 5.75 952 254 1.99 3.932 2137 219 3.74 5.49 526 262 1.72 4.16 556 212 4.21 5.75 1,016 255 1.82 3.975 2040 220 3.73 5.50 544 263 1.68 4.25 506 213 4.20 5.71 1,061 256 1.76 3.937 1838 221 3.63 5.29 577 264 1.51 4.28 449 214 4.19 5.69 1,124 257 1.74 3.795 1665 222 3.32 5.29 602 265 1.18 4.07 400 215 4.09 5.74 1,139 258 1.68 3.861 1517 223 2.97 5.14 656 266 1.15 4.08 336 216 4.09 5.73 1,154 259 1.68 3.731 1362 224 2.82 5.20 700 267 1.07 4.07 294 217 4.09 5.75 1,188 260 1.65 3.679 1190 225 2.78 5.17 753 268 0.70 4.03 232 218 4.07 5.63 1,241 261 1.55 3.765 1040 226 2.74 5.36 789 269 0.70 4.26 204 219 3.73 5.55 1,323 262 1.49 3.79 898 227 2.68 5.25 849 270 0.69 4.22 177 220 3.65 5.51 1,465 263 1.36 3.69 803 228 2.40 5.41 878 271 0.56 4.12 151 221 3.41 5.34 1,598 264 1.24 3.61 682 229 2.38 5.33 926 272 0.56 4.62 121 222 3.21 5.49 1,701 265 1.23 3.67 590 230 2.08 5.22 986 223 3.20 5.49 1,799 266 0.97 3.64 490 231 2.05 5.08 1,024 224 3.20 5.47 1,838 267 0.92 3.63 420 232 2.04 5.02 1,059 225 2.89 5.48 1,884 268 0.35 3.59 341 233 1.95 5.10 1,132 226 2.88 5.45 1,932 269 0.31 3.68 319 234 1.85 5.10 1,189 227 2.76 5.32 1,998 270 0.24 5.29 273 235 1.74 4.89 1,226 228 2.62 5.30 2,160 271 0.23 5.42 234 236 1.43 4.91 1,274 229 2.61 5.26 2,333 272 0.22 5.67 197 237 1.18 5.02 1,291 230 2.61 5.13 2,529 273 0.39 5.95 171 238 1.17 4.79 1,288 * Starting RIT Level is always based on grade 10 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99. Italicized estimates are based on fewer than 1,000 cases and should be used with caution.

96 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.28 GENERAL SCIENCE TOPICS - Grade 2 Term-to-Term Mean Growth, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Starting RIT* Fall-to-Spring Fall-to-Fall Start Start Start Start RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N 172 12.6 5.36 143 172 13.9 5.12 108 173 12.4 5.43 206 173 13.9 5.50 183 174 12.3 5.85 296 174 13.8 6.37 271 175 12.2 6.06 364 175 13.2 6.32 340 176 11.5 6.03 443 176 12.8 6.32 397 177 10.7 5.99 475 177 12.0 6.12 435 178 9.9 6.00 550 178 10.9 6.37 481 179 9.4 6.05 560 179 10.2 6.33 492 180 8.8 6.10 581 180 10.2 6.14 501 181 8.1 5.92 604 181 9.4 5.99 535 182 7.2 6.02 652 182 9.1 6.18 591 183 6.6 5.99 720 183 8.5 6.32 641 184 6.0 5.96 759 184 7.7 6.32 670 185 5.9 5.81 760 185 7.3 6.25 659 186 5.7 5.89 782 186 7.1 6.26 660 187 5.6 5.88 746 187 7.0 6.33 624 188 5.1 6.07 734 188 6.5 6.27 608 189 5.0 5.84 668 189 6.1 6.12 563 190 4.5 5.96 623 190 5.9 6.29 540 191 4.6 5.74 556 191 5.8 6.17 486 192 4.1 5.76 510 192 5.6 6.13 453 193 3.9 5.98 437 193 5.2 6.08 386 194 3.5 6.32 406 194 5.2 6.18 352 195 3.2 6.23 375 195 4.6 6.39 327 196 3.2 6.19 331 196 4.3 6.62 288 197 2.6 6.50 269 197 3.5 6.84 235 198 1.8 7.12 206 198 3.4 7.07 176 199 1.2 7.26 178 199 3.0 6.87 151 200 1.3 7.07 155 200 1.6 7.32 129 201 0.9 7.40 134 201 1.1 7.22 114 202 0.7 7.13 110 --- --- * Starting RIT Level is always based on grade 2 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 97 Table 5.29 GENERAL SCIENCE TOPICS - Grade 3 Term-to-Term Mean Growth, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Starting RIT* Fall-to-Spring Fall-to-Fall Start Start Start Start RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N 172 14.0 6.79 143 172 15.7 6.81 121 217-2.1 7.51 127 173 13.5 6.62 254 173 13.5 6.74 208 218-2.9 7.50 103 174 12.9 6.84 451 174 13.3 7.04 362 175 12.3 6.86 641 175 12.7 7.00 561 176 11.8 6.74 792 176 12.2 6.97 713 177 11.3 6.62 925 177 11.4 6.81 855 178 10.8 6.54 1,081 178 10.9 6.58 966 179 10.3 6.50 1,249 179 10.4 6.71 1,131 180 9.6 6.44 1,502 180 9.8 6.57 1,343 181 9.0 6.50 1,735 181 9.0 6.61 1,607 182 8.4 6.53 2,042 182 8.5 6.50 1,861 183 7.9 6.49 2,242 183 8.2 6.60 2,050 184 7.6 6.52 2,460 184 8.0 6.79 2,241 185 7.2 6.46 2,691 185 7.7 6.97 2,451 186 6.9 6.51 2,951 186 7.4 6.89 2,732 187 6.7 6.44 3,223 187 7.1 6.87 2,915 188 6.4 6.42 3,329 188 6.9 6.78 3,044 189 6.4 6.44 3,434 189 6.8 6.73 3,170 190 6.0 6.36 3,508 190 6.4 6.69 3,311 191 5.8 6.39 3,530 191 6.2 6.70 3,415 192 5.4 6.39 3,462 192 5.9 6.77 3,346 193 5.1 6.51 3,306 193 5.9 6.56 3,316 194 5.0 6.54 3,248 194 5.8 6.42 3,272 195 4.9 6.49 3,225 195 5.7 6.56 3,307 196 4.9 6.45 3,132 196 5.4 6.80 3,179 197 4.7 6.46 2,910 197 5.1 6.85 3,003 198 4.3 6.59 2,646 198 4.7 6.71 2,797 199 3.9 6.55 2,391 199 4.3 6.62 2,633 200 3.5 6.45 2,218 200 3.9 6.70 2,483 201 3.1 6.40 2,028 201 3.6 6.70 2,293 202 2.9 6.46 1,829 202 3.4 6.84 2,073 203 2.5 6.67 1,611 203 3.1 6.88 1,844 204 2.3 6.60 1,393 204 3.0 6.80 1,636 205 2.2 6.60 1,247 205 3.2 6.63 1,446 206 1.9 6.49 1,059 206 3.0 6.76 1,260 207 1.7 6.74 901 207 2.7 7.00 1,061 208 1.2 6.89 742 208 1.8 6.98 892 209 0.7 6.86 609 209 1.5 6.98 733 210 0.1 6.93 479 210 1.2 7.11 593 211-0.8 6.92 382 211 0.7 7.25 495 212-1.4 7.16 306 212 0.5 7.38 422 213-1.5 7.19 239 213-0.2 6.84 348 214-1.8 7.28 176 214-0.4 7.12 276 215-1.6 7.13 142 215-0.7 6.88 199 216-2.7 7.04 117 216-1.8 7.77 171 * Starting RIT Level is always based on grade 3 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

98 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.30 GENERAL SCIENCE TOPICS - Grade 4 Term-to-Term Mean Growth, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Starting RIT* Fall-to-Spring Fall-to-Fall Start Start Start Start RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N 174 14.4 7.86 156 219-2.8 6.71 283 174 15.5 7.93 129 219-0.8 6.90 395 175 13.7 7.77 214 220-3.2 7.06 221 175 14.1 7.78 200 220-1.7 7.03 301 176 12.7 7.73 293 221-3.6 7.07 172 176 13.0 7.66 270 221-2.7 7.23 244 177 12.3 7.17 352 222-3.7 6.72 136 177 12.5 7.56 315 222-2.6 7.02 195 178 11.8 7.25 479 223-4.9 6.52 114 178 12.0 7.52 427 223-3.3 7.24 167 179 11.1 7.25 602 179 11.5 7.64 552 224-3.9 7.86 140 180 10.3 7.31 742 180 10.6 7.59 683 181 9.6 7.18 862 181 10.0 7.54 794 182 9.0 7.07 1,003 182 9.4 7.03 928 183 8.6 6.94 1,207 183 8.9 6.98 1,075 184 8.0 6.87 1,422 184 8.5 6.93 1,259 185 7.5 6.75 1,658 185 7.7 6.94 1,426 186 7.1 6.81 1,912 186 7.4 6.99 1,687 187 6.9 6.74 2,151 187 6.9 6.84 1,892 188 6.7 6.81 2,403 188 6.7 6.92 2,135 189 6.5 6.82 2,683 189 6.6 6.97 2,381 190 6.2 6.82 2,891 190 6.5 7.16 2,634 191 6.2 6.67 3,060 191 6.4 7.07 2,849 192 5.8 6.63 3,148 192 6.2 7.05 3,003 193 5.6 6.62 3,302 193 6.0 6.93 3,093 194 5.3 6.69 3,312 194 5.8 6.96 3,170 195 5.1 6.60 3,396 195 5.4 6.84 3,300 196 5.0 6.61 3,390 196 5.3 6.87 3,402 197 4.8 6.63 3,423 197 4.9 6.91 3,407 198 4.7 6.71 3,406 198 4.9 7.02 3,439 199 4.3 6.70 3,474 199 4.7 6.98 3,499 200 4.1 6.72 3,479 200 4.6 6.97 3,661 201 3.8 6.68 3,389 201 4.3 6.93 3,550 202 3.6 6.69 3,258 202 4.0 6.90 3,476 203 3.4 6.65 3,177 203 3.6 6.79 3,299 204 3.2 6.76 3,050 204 3.4 6.85 3,223 205 3.0 6.75 2,803 205 3.2 6.84 2,966 206 2.8 6.76 2,586 206 3.3 6.99 2,772 207 2.4 6.73 2,300 207 3.2 6.97 2,523 208 2.3 6.70 2,086 208 3.0 6.98 2,377 209 1.7 6.55 1,795 209 2.7 6.86 2,079 210 1.5 6.49 1,543 210 2.4 6.69 1,805 211 1.0 6.50 1,283 211 2.1 6.51 1,541 212 0.5 6.71 1,127 212 1.6 6.50 1,402 213 0.0 6.80 978 213 1.0 6.70 1,227 214-0.5 6.98 837 214 0.8 6.90 1,044 215-0.7 6.81 659 215 0.3 6.97 845 216-1.3 6.88 558 216 0.1 7.15 732 217-1.5 6.66 458 217 0.0 7.08 613 218-2.4 6.82 375 218-0.4 7.17 501 * Starting RIT Level is always based on grade 4 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 99 Table 5.31 GENERAL SCIENCE TOPICS - Grade 5 Term-to-Term Mean Growth, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Starting RIT* Fall-to-Spring Fall-to-Fall Start Start Start Start RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N 175 13.6 7.49 112 220-0.6 6.81 871 177 13.7 7.76 120 222-1.4 7.43 459 176 13.5 7.99 150 221-1.1 6.85 698 178 12.6 7.40 147 223-1.9 6.94 374 177 13.1 8.09 178 222-1.7 6.97 562 179 11.8 7.49 210 224-2.4 6.69 299 178 12.4 8.30 223 223-1.9 7.01 441 180 10.6 7.72 275 225-2.7 6.82 231 179 11.8 8.04 291 224-2.1 6.62 352 181 10.6 8.14 341 226-3.1 7.16 164 180 10.8 7.86 387 225-2.2 6.65 267 182 9.7 8.02 393 227-2.6 7.14 117 181 10.3 7.50 479 226-2.6 6.66 196 183 8.7 7.92 436 182 9.3 7.30 592 227-2.8 6.94 146 184 7.7 7.55 547 183 8.8 7.22 695 228-3.1 6.41 112 185 7.3 7.61 683 184 8.1 7.22 857 186 6.9 7.45 830 185 7.8 7.08 1,022 187 6.6 7.34 957 186 7.6 7.20 1,235 188 6.5 7.32 1,063 187 7.5 7.08 1,444 189 6.3 7.40 1,187 188 7.2 7.16 1,648 190 6.1 7.41 1,338 189 7.1 7.07 1,828 191 6.0 7.28 1,525 190 6.7 7.00 2,012 192 5.8 7.25 1,678 191 6.5 6.92 2,268 193 5.7 7.30 1,786 192 6.3 7.04 2,484 194 5.4 7.26 1,886 193 6.2 7.17 2,671 195 5.1 7.40 2,104 194 6.0 7.13 2,792 196 4.9 7.19 2,326 195 5.7 7.03 3,077 197 4.6 7.20 2,478 196 5.6 6.92 3,303 198 4.4 7.06 2,592 197 5.4 7.00 3,560 199 4.2 7.19 2,713 198 5.2 7.01 3,728 200 4.0 7.30 2,891 199 4.8 6.96 3,927 201 3.7 7.31 2,996 200 4.6 6.84 4,103 202 3.5 7.45 3,084 201 4.3 6.85 4,218 203 3.4 7.37 3,078 202 4.2 6.87 4,321 204 3.2 7.33 3,088 203 4.0 6.82 4,289 205 3.1 7.11 3,006 204 3.7 6.77 4,286 206 2.8 7.31 2,956 205 3.5 6.70 4,136 207 2.6 7.39 2,804 206 3.2 6.76 4,062 208 2.3 7.45 2,704 207 3.1 6.71 3,818 209 2.1 7.33 2,503 208 2.8 6.65 3,637 210 2.0 7.27 2,368 209 2.7 6.72 3,372 211 1.6 7.28 2,138 210 2.4 6.79 3,161 212 1.5 7.21 1,958 211 2.1 6.86 2,899 213 1.1 7.26 1,767 212 1.8 6.78 2,635 214 1.0 7.13 1,576 213 1.3 6.78 2,364 215 0.6 7.14 1,418 214 1.1 6.82 2,140 216 0.2 6.99 1,232 215 0.8 6.90 1,867 217-0.2 7.18 1,083 216 0.6 6.80 1,617 218-0.7 7.17 960 217 0.0 6.80 1,379 219-1.1 7.18 805 218-0.4 6.76 1,224 220-1.2 7.29 684 219-0.6 6.78 1,050 221-1.4 7.37 544 * Starting RIT Level is always based on grade 5 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

100 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.32 GENERAL SCIENCE TOPICS - Grade 6 Term-to-Term Mean Growth, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Starting RIT* Fall-to-Spring Fall-to-Fall Start Start Start Start RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N 176 14.2 8.32 105 221-1.2 6.60 1,164 178 11.9 8.97 107 177 13.9 8.32 139 222-1.4 6.49 954 179 11.1 8.09 143 178 13.3 8.61 167 223-1.7 6.44 787 180 10.8 8.19 167 179 12.2 8.36 218 224-2.0 6.47 644 181 9.8 8.06 204 180 10.9 8.22 258 225-2.7 6.48 503 182 8.7 8.29 258 181 10.1 7.97 308 226-2.9 6.45 410 183 8.4 7.94 322 182 8.9 8.00 359 227-3.4 6.81 303 184 8.2 8.02 368 183 8.9 8.04 454 228-3.4 6.76 238 185 7.8 7.82 453 184 8.2 7.97 526 229-4.2 6.84 155 186 7.2 7.93 558 185 8.0 7.96 663 230-3.6 6.52 118 187 6.8 7.77 701 186 7.6 7.71 778 188 6.9 7.56 799 187 7.3 7.79 959 189 7.0 7.66 879 188 6.9 7.71 1,091 190 7.0 7.61 1,017 189 6.8 7.61 1,216 191 6.7 7.71 1,143 190 6.6 7.48 1,392 192 6.4 7.69 1,316 191 6.4 7.52 1,562 193 5.8 7.65 1,422 192 5.9 7.55 1,744 194 5.5 7.62 1,587 193 5.7 7.44 1,881 195 5.2 7.68 1,733 194 5.3 7.34 2,066 196 5.0 7.87 1,886 195 5.2 7.40 2,294 197 4.9 7.98 2,027 196 5.0 7.38 2,494 198 4.9 7.74 2,191 197 4.9 7.30 2,666 199 4.9 7.66 2,352 198 4.8 7.09 2,889 200 4.6 7.54 2,524 199 4.5 7.20 3,104 201 4.2 7.83 2,672 200 4.3 7.12 3,345 202 4.2 7.64 2,894 201 4.0 7.16 3,515 203 4.0 7.67 2,956 202 4.0 7.08 3,752 204 3.8 7.50 3,022 203 3.7 7.30 3,861 205 3.4 7.51 2,978 204 3.5 7.27 3,981 206 3.3 7.53 2,964 205 3.1 7.22 3,940 207 3.2 7.40 2,960 206 3.1 7.02 3,976 208 3.0 7.48 2,877 207 2.8 6.93 3,928 209 2.7 7.47 2,796 208 2.6 6.96 3,856 210 2.4 7.31 2,696 209 2.4 6.84 3,751 211 2.2 7.17 2,548 210 2.2 6.82 3,696 212 1.9 7.02 2,392 211 2.0 6.79 3,572 213 1.7 7.08 2,150 212 1.8 6.88 3,344 214 1.2 7.17 2,038 213 1.4 6.86 3,031 215 0.8 7.13 1,907 214 1.1 6.80 2,842 216 0.2 7.22 1,734 215 0.7 6.69 2,634 217 0.0 6.97 1,511 216 0.3 6.63 2,370 218 0.0 6.86 1,300 217 0.1 6.55 2,061 219-0.2 6.52 1,171 218-0.2 6.55 1,779 220-0.5 6.55 1,000 219-0.3 6.60 1,583 221-1.2 6.74 858 220-0.8 6.61 1,362 --- * Starting RIT Level is always based on grade 6 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 101 Table 5.33 GENERAL SCIENCE TOPICS - Grade 7 Term-to-Term Mean Growth, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Starting RIT* Fall-to-Spring Fall-to-Fall Start Start Start Start RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N 177 13.4 8.90 115 222-0.8 6.78 1,949 178 14.2 10.05 117 223-0.8 6.98 1,219 178 13.0 9.39 153 223-1.2 6.80 1,692 179 12.7 9.95 137 224-1.3 6.82 1,058 179 11.6 9.45 171 224-1.3 6.86 1,475 180 11.9 9.09 159 225-1.6 6.79 858 180 11.7 9.15 207 225-1.6 6.75 1,215 181 10.6 7.89 185 226-1.9 6.76 720 181 10.7 8.23 235 226-1.8 6.49 1,014 182 9.9 7.49 223 227-2.3 6.75 593 182 10.5 8.07 310 227-2.3 6.40 833 183 9.1 7.73 267 228-2.6 6.69 481 183 9.6 7.87 378 228-2.4 6.39 670 184 9.0 8.46 334 229-2.8 6.46 360 184 8.9 8.30 454 229-2.8 6.84 505 185 8.6 8.54 393 230-3.3 6.34 272 185 8.6 8.21 531 230-3.1 6.91 373 186 8.5 8.57 453 231-3.2 6.53 203 186 8.7 8.17 607 231-3.3 7.03 289 187 8.0 8.67 530 232-3.9 6.63 155 187 8.2 8.06 707 232-3.6 7.06 218 188 7.8 8.46 615 233-3.6 6.88 105 188 7.5 7.97 821 233-4.1 7.58 153 189 7.5 8.33 698 189 7.1 7.80 953 234-4.1 7.58 114 190 7.0 8.04 768 190 6.8 7.76 1,083 191 7.0 8.18 854 191 6.7 7.87 1,172 192 6.6 8.16 1,007 192 6.0 7.97 1,315 193 6.4 8.07 1,136 193 5.9 7.92 1,455 194 6.0 7.88 1,266 194 5.8 7.83 1,677 195 5.8 7.73 1,370 195 5.6 7.58 1,846 196 6.0 7.68 1,524 196 5.4 7.47 2,058 197 5.6 7.83 1,680 197 5.0 7.43 2,188 198 5.5 7.93 1,845 198 5.0 7.69 2,424 199 5.0 8.03 1,981 199 4.6 7.67 2,625 200 4.7 7.83 2,188 200 4.5 7.70 2,965 201 4.4 7.78 2,336 201 4.1 7.47 3,170 202 4.1 7.65 2,521 202 4.2 7.48 3,381 203 4.0 7.59 2,613 203 4.1 7.47 3,437 204 3.8 7.55 2,748 204 4.1 7.44 3,564 205 3.8 7.59 2,873 205 3.7 7.32 3,731 206 3.6 7.59 3,041 206 3.6 7.21 4,013 207 3.5 7.56 3,135 207 3.3 7.27 4,138 208 3.2 7.46 3,144 208 3.2 7.32 4,190 209 3.0 7.45 3,104 209 2.9 7.28 4,114 210 2.9 7.45 3,078 210 2.8 7.28 4,090 211 2.6 7.36 3,031 211 2.5 7.13 4,025 212 2.3 7.40 2,960 212 2.1 7.20 3,997 213 1.9 7.33 2,847 213 1.8 7.11 3,848 214 1.9 7.34 2,753 214 1.5 7.09 3,702 215 1.8 7.24 2,650 215 1.3 6.99 3,517 216 1.5 7.12 2,484 216 1.1 6.84 3,386 217 1.0 7.04 2,308 217 0.9 6.81 3,160 218 0.5 7.02 2,069 218 0.7 6.79 2,884 219 0.4 6.95 1,909 219 0.5 6.93 2,601 220 0.3 6.97 1,765 220 0.2 6.98 2,403 221 0.1 6.88 1,590 221-0.2 6.85 2,149 222-0.5 6.90 1,435 * Starting RIT Level is always based on grade 7 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

102 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.34 GENERAL SCIENCE TOPICS - Grade 8 Term-to-Term Mean Growth, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Starting RIT* Fall-to-Spring Fall-to-Fall Start Start Start Start RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N 179 13.0 9.85 115 224-0.3 6.65 2,176 --- 231-3.4 7.14 192 180 12.8 9.24 151 225-0.5 6.57 1,923 187 9.5 9.76 101 232-3.8 7.33 159 181 11.9 8.91 161 226-0.8 6.44 1,660 188 8.6 9.68 120 233-4.2 7.52 110 182 11.7 8.91 208 227-1.0 6.32 1,434 189 7.5 9.59 140 --- 183 10.8 8.57 238 228-1.4 6.43 1,185 190 7.5 8.53 172 184 9.6 8.71 281 229-1.9 6.33 977 191 7.5 8.77 185 185 9.2 8.76 365 230-2.5 6.60 809 192 6.8 8.92 196 186 8.9 8.68 437 231-2.8 6.35 625 193 6.0 8.82 218 187 8.6 8.45 519 232-2.9 6.49 483 194 6.2 8.98 269 188 7.9 8.32 558 233-2.6 5.94 345 195 6.4 8.67 325 189 7.4 8.29 654 234-2.8 6.73 272 196 5.9 8.64 379 190 7.3 8.35 737 235-2.8 6.76 212 197 5.5 8.29 420 191 7.2 8.47 841 236-3.0 7.05 155 198 5.0 8.16 449 192 6.5 8.48 910 237-2.6 6.16 115 199 5.0 7.84 508 193 6.1 8.35 1,026 200 5.1 7.82 549 194 6.2 8.03 1,175 201 4.7 7.81 612 195 6.3 8.00 1,335 202 4.1 8.11 668 196 6.2 8.01 1,514 203 3.7 7.98 772 197 5.8 8.02 1,659 204 3.9 7.82 849 198 5.3 7.90 1,831 205 3.8 7.77 893 199 5.0 7.84 2,031 206 3.6 7.81 955 200 4.8 7.81 2,183 207 3.3 7.77 1,024 201 4.6 7.82 2,392 208 3.1 7.50 1,114 202 4.5 7.71 2,557 209 3.0 7.21 1,159 203 4.3 7.67 2,875 210 2.7 7.19 1,202 204 4.0 7.47 3,063 211 2.6 7.24 1,175 205 3.6 7.53 3,238 212 2.3 7.34 1,169 206 3.4 7.46 3,348 213 2.3 7.31 1,177 207 3.4 7.46 3,579 214 1.9 7.18 1,225 208 3.3 7.33 3,792 215 1.6 7.13 1,229 209 3.2 7.24 3,985 216 1.3 7.03 1,216 210 2.8 7.37 4,019 217 1.3 7.01 1,202 211 2.7 7.33 4,018 218 1.2 6.79 1,181 212 2.4 7.30 4,031 219 0.9 6.88 1,145 213 2.3 7.06 4,069 220 0.5 7.16 1,073 214 2.2 7.01 4,112 221 0.2 7.20 978 215 2.1 6.88 4,056 222-0.2 7.12 882 216 1.8 6.92 3,927 223-0.4 6.83 799 217 1.5 6.88 3,774 224-0.8 7.01 727 218 1.2 6.87 3,641 225-0.8 6.90 661 219 0.9 6.76 3,433 226-0.5 6.73 558 220 0.7 6.66 3,218 227-0.6 6.24 475 221 0.4 6.49 2,841 228-1.1 5.78 383 222 0.3 6.47 2,643 229-1.7 5.90 315 223 0.1 6.53 2,382 230-2.2 6.15 262 * Starting RIT Level is always based on grade 8 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 103 Table 5.35 GENERAL SCIENCE TOPICS - Grade 9 Term-to-Term Mean Growth, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Starting RIT* Fall-to-Spring Fall-to-Fall Start Start Start Start RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N --- 232-2.1 6.55 410 --- 233-1.3 6.37 225 188 8.1 9.12 110 233-2.3 6.67 308 189 8.8 9.01 116 234-1.7 5.94 166 189 7.6 8.85 132 234-2.1 6.03 223 190 8.4 8.92 129 235-1.8 5.66 139 190 7.3 8.67 156 235-2.3 6.64 184 191 7.4 8.60 133 --- 191 6.5 8.32 164 236-2.3 6.50 134 192 7.1 8.97 147 192 6.9 8.15 181 237-2.6 7.29 107 193 6.5 9.39 161 193 6.2 8.08 204 194 6.0 9.40 195 194 6.2 8.41 217 195 5.6 8.75 218 195 5.7 8.46 243 196 5.7 8.49 267 196 5.5 8.40 283 197 5.5 8.82 299 197 5.6 8.28 336 198 5.2 8.75 339 198 5.5 8.39 378 199 4.7 8.80 369 199 5.6 8.43 440 200 4.7 8.79 413 200 5.2 8.50 489 201 4.4 8.88 460 201 4.9 8.17 570 202 4.1 8.04 524 202 4.1 7.98 631 203 3.4 8.06 593 203 3.7 7.68 710 204 3.0 8.34 646 204 3.6 7.95 764 205 3.1 8.53 705 205 3.6 7.94 847 206 3.2 8.26 764 206 3.5 8.12 950 207 3.4 7.75 852 207 3.4 7.82 1,063 208 2.9 8.16 899 208 3.0 7.72 1,129 209 2.9 8.24 971 209 2.9 7.44 1,218 210 2.5 8.27 1,030 210 2.6 7.44 1,296 211 2.9 7.82 1,111 211 2.7 7.33 1,420 212 2.6 7.58 1,156 212 2.4 7.37 1,493 213 2.5 7.35 1,177 213 2.3 7.24 1,569 214 2.1 7.38 1,231 214 2.1 7.24 1,591 215 1.8 7.29 1,295 215 1.8 7.05 1,651 216 1.6 7.34 1,344 216 1.7 6.88 1,709 217 1.4 7.38 1,328 217 1.4 6.78 1,746 218 1.2 7.33 1,344 218 1.1 6.84 1,764 219 0.8 7.40 1,306 219 0.8 6.97 1,712 220 0.6 7.25 1,274 220 0.6 6.82 1,670 221 0.7 7.19 1,164 221 0.5 6.76 1,576 222 0.6 7.13 1,096 222 0.3 6.54 1,468 223 0.5 7.12 1,022 223 0.3 6.63 1,382 224 0.0 6.97 942 224 0.0 6.52 1,275 225-0.5 6.58 872 225-0.5 6.72 1,207 226-0.8 6.39 802 226-1.1 6.77 1,094 227-1.0 6.32 720 227-1.2 6.72 985 228-0.7 6.39 630 228-1.1 6.43 861 229-0.6 6.37 523 229-1.0 6.21 733 230-0.9 6.69 444 230-1.3 6.26 620 231-1.1 6.78 371 231-1.9 6.63 521 232-1.5 6.73 294 * Starting RIT Level is always based on grade 9 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

104 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.36 GENERAL SCIENCE TOPICS - Grade 10 Term-to-Term Mean Growth, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Starting RIT* Fall-to-Spring Fall-to-Fall Start Start Start Start RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N --- 237-2.3 5.84 196 --- 193 7.5 10.63 107 238-1.9 6.17 154 202 4.4 9.13 101 194 7.5 10.30 122 239-2.5 6.53 126 203 3.1 8.67 116 195 7.4 10.01 129 204 2.9 7.90 130 196 7.3 9.16 149 205 3.0 8.14 141 197 6.1 9.17 170 206 3.4 7.98 145 198 6.0 9.16 207 207 2.6 8.59 147 199 5.4 9.03 224 208 2.9 7.85 167 200 5.2 8.81 247 209 2.6 7.69 204 201 4.4 8.96 285 210 2.5 7.63 246 202 4.3 8.99 317 211 1.9 8.50 268 203 4.5 8.93 376 212 1.9 8.36 285 204 4.5 8.51 392 213 1.4 7.99 293 205 4.5 8.12 446 214 1.8 7.40 315 206 4.5 7.75 497 215 1.2 7.37 322 207 4.3 7.78 592 216 1.2 7.72 364 208 4.0 7.76 668 217 0.8 7.84 392 209 3.8 7.79 760 218 1.0 7.64 423 210 3.7 7.80 851 219 0.7 7.37 402 211 3.6 7.65 913 220 0.2 6.96 403 212 3.1 7.44 970 221 0.3 7.02 375 213 2.7 7.01 1,024 222 0.1 6.95 390 214 2.2 7.10 1,107 223 0.3 6.63 369 215 2.1 6.86 1,213 224-0.4 6.75 402 216 1.7 7.20 1,328 225-0.6 6.58 387 217 1.5 7.07 1,410 226-0.8 6.74 359 218 1.3 7.00 1,447 227-1.4 6.54 294 219 1.2 6.79 1,442 228-1.7 6.83 259 220 0.7 7.03 1,447 229-1.7 6.78 238 221 0.5 7.22 1,407 230-1.6 7.13 214 222 0.1 7.20 1,379 231-1.6 6.50 181 223 0.1 6.80 1,313 232-1.5 6.16 150 224-0.1 6.60 1,300 233-1.2 5.79 123 225 0.0 6.49 1,239 --- 226-0.1 6.61 1,206 227-0.3 6.81 1,086 228-1.0 6.77 992 229-1.5 6.61 883 230-1.8 6.38 808 231-1.6 6.33 697 232-1.5 6.33 589 233-1.5 6.44 468 234-1.7 6.72 377 235-2.3 6.57 293 236-2.2 6.17 231 * Starting RIT Level is always based on grade 10 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 105 Table 5.37 SCIENCE CONCEPTS and PROCESSES - Grade 2 Term-to-Term Mean Growth, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Starting RIT* Fall-to-Spring Fall-to-Fall Start Start Start Start RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N 167 13.4 6.91 157 167 15.4 5.87 98 168 13.4 6.52 202 168 15.2 5.82 179 169 12.7 6.54 284 169 14.9 6.35 253 170 12.5 6.32 332 170 14.3 6.56 275 171 12.0 6.64 372 171 14.0 6.58 299 172 11.7 6.47 423 172 13.2 6.32 343 173 11.1 6.45 490 173 12.6 6.50 419 174 10.5 6.20 575 174 11.7 6.61 504 175 9.7 6.37 634 175 10.9 6.76 565 176 9.2 6.50 689 176 10.5 6.61 615 177 8.8 6.42 707 177 10.1 6.39 623 178 8.8 6.40 708 178 10.3 6.23 609 179 8.2 6.24 679 179 9.9 6.28 586 180 7.8 6.31 648 180 9.7 6.60 580 181 7.5 6.24 608 181 9.0 6.64 563 182 7.3 6.07 604 182 8.6 6.39 543 183 7.0 5.85 629 183 8.2 6.36 536 184 6.4 5.80 621 184 7.7 6.42 510 185 5.9 6.15 600 185 7.7 6.86 502 186 5.2 6.55 565 186 7.3 6.76 474 187 5.0 6.57 566 187 6.8 7.23 494 188 5.0 6.42 552 188 6.1 7.01 498 189 4.7 6.34 517 189 5.7 7.33 484 190 4.1 6.70 473 190 5.4 6.83 436 191 3.4 6.56 456 191 5.0 6.77 410 192 3.1 6.28 400 192 4.8 6.24 354 193 3.2 6.29 354 193 4.5 6.81 312 194 2.9 6.20 286 194 4.3 7.08 262 195 2.3 6.65 265 195 3.7 7.45 249 196 2.3 6.22 234 196 3.9 6.98 213 197 2.1 6.78 189 197 3.3 6.92 171 198 1.8 6.54 153 198 2.5 7.25 131 199 1.5 6.69 117 199 2.1 7.20 109 200 0.7 6.87 112 --- --- * Starting RIT Level is always based on grade 2 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

106 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.38 SCIENCE CONCEPTS and PROCESSES - Grade 3 Term-to-Term Mean Growth, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Starting RIT* Fall-to-Spring Fall-to-Fall Start Start Start Start RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N 167 15.4 6.93 105 212-2.2 7.52 192 168 16.8 7.11 103 213-2.0 7.42 234 168 15.3 7.32 163 213-3.0 7.97 143 169 15.8 7.48 151 214-2.3 7.85 190 169 14.4 7.19 225 214-3.3 8.12 121 170 14.9 7.45 213 215-3.2 8.29 149 170 13.2 7.29 311 171 14.2 7.38 274 216-2.6 7.25 118 171 12.4 6.89 388 172 13.6 7.18 391 172 12.2 6.88 534 173 12.3 7.23 539 173 11.6 6.88 699 174 11.2 6.91 721 174 10.7 6.89 915 175 10.6 6.83 897 175 10.1 6.76 1,148 176 10.7 6.94 1,050 176 9.7 6.94 1,350 177 10.6 7.03 1,242 177 9.6 7.09 1,541 178 10.3 7.08 1,435 178 9.4 7.03 1,667 179 9.8 7.03 1,621 179 9.0 6.88 1,797 180 9.6 6.98 1,714 180 8.5 6.69 1,904 181 9.2 6.84 1,840 181 8.1 6.67 2,086 182 9.1 6.82 1,956 182 7.9 6.60 2,239 183 8.6 6.87 2,100 183 7.6 6.59 2,367 184 8.3 6.94 2,192 184 7.2 6.51 2,412 185 7.7 6.93 2,323 185 6.6 6.52 2,568 186 7.3 6.80 2,521 186 6.4 6.55 2,795 187 6.9 6.81 2,714 187 6.2 6.50 3,056 188 6.8 6.87 2,834 188 5.9 6.60 3,161 189 6.5 6.99 2,933 189 5.5 6.64 3,224 190 6.2 6.83 3,006 190 5.1 6.71 3,271 191 6.0 6.72 3,075 191 4.9 6.63 3,297 192 5.6 6.69 3,088 192 4.8 6.52 3,245 193 5.4 6.86 3,101 193 4.6 6.49 3,181 194 5.1 6.87 3,054 194 4.2 6.52 3,038 195 5.0 6.78 2,973 195 3.8 6.47 2,909 196 4.7 6.69 2,844 196 3.5 6.54 2,700 197 4.5 6.69 2,662 197 3.3 6.57 2,477 198 4.2 6.60 2,458 198 3.2 6.55 2,254 199 3.9 6.47 2,254 199 3.0 6.34 2,008 200 3.5 6.53 2,168 200 2.6 6.27 1,930 201 3.2 6.54 1,995 201 2.4 6.55 1,775 202 3.0 6.58 1,829 202 2.0 6.68 1,630 203 2.9 6.51 1,607 203 2.0 6.63 1,367 204 2.6 6.65 1,415 204 1.7 6.48 1,109 205 2.0 6.76 1,236 205 1.4 6.58 937 206 1.6 6.87 1,041 206 1.0 6.83 760 207 1.3 7.12 892 207 0.9 6.89 635 208 0.7 7.23 727 208 0.2 7.18 488 209 0.6 7.23 586 209 0.1 7.02 401 210 0.1 7.15 479 210-0.5 7.09 330 211-0.1 6.93 371 211-0.4 6.70 242 212-1.2 6.88 309 * Starting RIT Level is always based on grade 3 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 107 Table 5.39 SCIENCE CONCEPTS and PROCESSES - Grade 4 Term-to-Term Mean Growth, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Starting RIT* Fall-to-Spring Fall-to-Fall Start Start Start Start RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N 171 12.9 8.33 118 216-1.7 6.80 362 172 13.0 8.19 108 217-1.0 6.92 407 172 12.2 8.01 150 217-2.4 6.78 281 173 11.5 7.85 156 218-2.0 6.94 321 173 12.0 8.26 219 218-3.1 7.47 220 174 11.6 7.50 225 219-2.7 6.48 243 174 12.4 8.43 289 219-3.5 7.58 168 175 11.6 7.52 309 220-3.5 6.95 219 175 11.6 8.08 399 220-4.5 7.46 145 176 11.7 7.65 426 221-3.3 7.39 169 176 11.3 7.99 505 177 11.5 7.70 541 222-3.4 7.67 143 177 10.3 7.53 621 178 10.8 7.39 661 178 10.3 7.40 765 179 10.5 7.16 713 179 9.8 7.21 823 180 9.7 7.34 797 180 9.6 7.16 941 181 9.2 7.33 879 181 8.7 7.12 1,026 182 8.6 7.21 985 182 8.5 7.11 1,199 183 8.4 6.94 1,132 183 8.0 7.07 1,364 184 8.2 6.87 1,309 184 7.6 7.04 1,563 185 8.0 6.97 1,496 185 7.1 6.83 1,747 186 7.7 6.92 1,698 186 6.8 6.75 1,966 187 7.3 7.10 1,890 187 6.6 6.74 2,174 188 6.7 7.05 2,096 188 6.4 6.85 2,383 189 6.5 7.07 2,322 189 6.2 6.83 2,635 190 6.2 6.95 2,501 190 5.8 6.80 2,837 191 5.8 7.00 2,733 191 5.4 6.69 3,061 192 5.5 6.94 2,922 192 5.1 6.80 3,215 193 5.4 6.96 3,107 193 4.9 6.87 3,365 194 5.4 6.96 3,273 194 4.6 6.88 3,513 195 5.3 6.98 3,395 195 4.2 6.79 3,561 196 5.1 6.95 3,508 196 4.0 6.61 3,633 197 4.9 6.90 3,505 197 3.8 6.52 3,608 198 4.6 6.96 3,496 198 3.7 6.37 3,583 199 4.4 7.06 3,486 199 3.5 6.53 3,495 200 4.2 7.04 3,490 200 3.1 6.60 3,405 201 4.0 6.88 3,413 201 2.8 6.59 3,257 202 3.7 6.74 3,318 202 2.6 6.51 3,112 203 3.4 6.79 3,099 203 2.5 6.55 2,845 204 3.3 6.80 2,900 204 2.3 6.65 2,629 205 3.2 6.79 2,670 205 2.0 6.59 2,329 206 3.0 6.76 2,500 206 2.0 6.74 2,118 207 2.8 6.82 2,261 207 1.7 6.79 1,866 208 2.4 6.82 2,021 208 1.4 6.89 1,633 209 2.2 6.67 1,762 209 1.0 6.77 1,424 210 1.8 6.70 1,536 210 0.5 6.86 1,192 211 1.6 6.97 1,261 211 0.1 6.89 981 212 1.0 7.05 1,060 212-0.4 6.95 818 213 0.5 6.87 886 213-0.7 6.87 677 214-0.1 6.33 790 214-1.0 6.87 569 215-0.3 6.29 664 215-1.4 6.70 445 216-0.6 6.73 543 * Starting RIT Level is always based on grade 4 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

108 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.40 SCIENCE CONCEPTS and PROCESSES - Grade 5 Term-to-Term Mean Growth, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Starting RIT* Fall-to-Spring Fall-to-Fall Start Start Start Start RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N 173 13.3 7.59 113 218-0.8 6.94 837 175 11.8 8.34 128 220-1.5 7.33 456 174 12.9 7.91 142 219-1.5 6.95 680 176 11.6 8.94 151 221-2.3 7.55 356 175 12.4 8.06 197 220-2.3 6.77 557 177 11.0 8.69 202 222-2.9 7.82 276 176 10.8 8.30 237 221-2.9 6.73 439 178 10.7 8.45 218 223-3.3 7.39 202 177 10.6 7.92 299 222-3.3 7.11 352 179 10.4 8.11 256 224-3.4 7.24 160 178 9.8 7.82 329 223-3.9 7.16 257 180 9.5 7.96 303 225-3.6 6.99 133 179 10.1 7.70 381 224-4.5 7.40 203 181 9.6 8.05 399 226-4.2 7.43 113 180 9.8 7.47 474 225-4.8 6.93 161 182 9.3 7.93 465 181 9.9 7.43 605 226-5.0 6.87 130 183 8.8 8.00 520 182 9.6 7.35 709 184 8.4 8.16 606 183 9.1 7.33 787 185 7.9 8.26 690 184 8.8 7.24 919 186 7.5 8.07 807 185 8.4 7.27 1,066 187 6.7 7.60 941 186 8.2 7.13 1,249 188 6.4 7.60 1,089 187 7.5 7.23 1,455 189 6.3 7.73 1,225 188 7.3 7.13 1,663 190 6.3 7.89 1,389 189 6.9 7.24 1,912 191 6.1 7.57 1,555 190 6.7 7.02 2,098 192 5.9 7.53 1,817 191 6.5 6.89 2,348 193 5.6 7.42 1,995 192 6.1 6.79 2,620 194 5.4 7.49 2,148 193 5.8 6.77 2,913 195 5.1 7.47 2,237 194 5.6 6.74 3,142 196 4.9 7.56 2,391 195 5.5 6.62 3,305 197 4.6 7.47 2,569 196 5.3 6.58 3,474 198 4.5 7.37 2,711 197 5.0 6.59 3,576 199 4.4 7.16 2,758 198 4.6 6.67 3,772 200 4.0 7.12 2,881 199 4.3 6.62 3,805 201 3.6 7.11 2,993 200 4.1 6.67 3,977 202 3.3 7.14 3,107 201 3.8 6.72 4,013 203 3.3 7.23 3,114 202 3.6 6.75 4,137 204 3.4 7.26 3,090 203 3.4 6.59 4,170 205 3.2 7.31 3,006 204 3.2 6.50 4,139 206 3.0 7.39 2,928 205 2.9 6.54 4,048 207 2.8 7.37 2,723 206 2.6 6.69 3,929 208 2.6 7.41 2,533 207 2.4 6.64 3,663 209 2.3 7.28 2,285 208 2.1 6.60 3,340 210 2.0 7.23 2,052 209 1.7 6.45 2,944 211 1.9 7.15 1,853 210 1.4 6.46 2,580 212 1.7 7.13 1,672 211 1.1 6.57 2,313 213 1.3 7.25 1,456 212 1.1 6.58 2,038 214 1.0 7.37 1,273 213 0.7 6.69 1,792 215 0.6 7.38 1,052 214 0.5 6.68 1,552 216 0.4 7.18 968 215-0.2 6.67 1,339 217 0.1 7.00 827 216-0.4 6.67 1,194 218-0.2 7.04 720 217-0.5 6.74 994 219-0.7 7.10 582 * Starting RIT Level is always based on grade 5 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 109 Table 5.41 SCIENCE CONCEPTS and PROCESSES - Grade 6 Term-to-Term Mean Growth, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Starting RIT* Fall-to-Spring Fall-to-Fall Start Start Start Start RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N 175 11.5 9.00 119 220-2.2 7.05 934 176 12.4 9.54 109 221-1.0 7.16 641 176 11.2 8.87 153 221-2.5 7.08 792 177 12.9 9.69 139 222-1.9 7.46 544 177 10.9 8.86 184 222-3.0 7.17 701 178 12.3 9.57 163 223-2.3 7.19 431 178 10.6 8.50 218 223-3.5 7.06 567 179 11.6 9.34 191 224-3.3 7.21 331 179 10.5 7.83 256 224-4.0 6.74 435 180 10.6 8.57 201 225-3.4 6.90 262 180 9.4 7.87 273 225-4.4 6.62 329 181 9.8 7.89 238 226-3.8 7.67 198 181 9.1 7.97 342 226-4.8 6.79 248 182 8.6 7.69 291 227-4.2 7.80 159 182 8.4 8.20 417 227-5.6 7.02 190 183 8.5 7.79 361 228-5.4 7.81 120 183 8.5 7.58 499 228-5.3 6.66 141 184 8.4 7.77 424 184 8.4 7.43 573 229-5.6 6.40 103 185 8.2 7.64 467 185 8.3 7.37 633 186 8.4 7.58 513 186 8.0 7.69 724 187 7.4 7.85 583 187 7.1 7.62 795 188 6.6 7.84 667 188 6.8 7.63 915 189 6.1 7.73 775 189 6.2 7.68 1,066 190 6.0 7.66 872 190 6.0 7.66 1,213 191 6.1 7.78 1,013 191 5.7 7.75 1,365 192 5.7 7.78 1,188 192 5.4 7.52 1,595 193 5.4 7.69 1,394 193 5.2 7.32 1,866 194 5.3 7.57 1,581 194 5.2 7.15 2,143 195 5.3 7.62 1,680 195 5.2 7.08 2,305 196 4.9 7.63 1,866 196 4.8 7.03 2,530 197 4.6 7.65 1,949 197 4.5 6.97 2,657 198 4.2 7.70 2,133 198 4.2 7.03 2,877 199 4.2 7.61 2,236 199 4.0 7.06 3,019 200 4.2 7.50 2,425 200 3.8 7.08 3,241 201 3.9 7.47 2,555 201 3.4 7.01 3,389 202 3.5 7.49 2,694 202 3.1 6.98 3,587 203 3.2 7.51 2,848 203 2.9 6.86 3,779 204 3.1 7.39 2,910 204 2.8 6.80 3,811 205 3.1 7.45 2,945 205 2.6 6.72 3,819 206 2.8 7.36 2,975 206 2.3 6.81 3,778 207 2.8 7.29 2,902 207 2.0 6.76 3,697 208 2.6 7.30 2,801 208 1.9 6.80 3,587 209 2.5 7.32 2,627 209 1.7 6.76 3,395 210 2.1 7.35 2,527 210 1.5 6.86 3,229 211 2.0 7.32 2,351 211 1.2 6.93 2,920 212 1.9 7.33 2,121 212 1.0 6.81 2,633 213 1.8 7.27 1,916 213 0.8 6.82 2,387 214 1.4 7.15 1,737 214 0.2 6.81 2,160 215 0.8 7.17 1,557 215-0.2 7.02 1,909 216 0.4 7.32 1,378 216-0.6 6.95 1,680 217 0.1 7.39 1,183 217-0.8 6.94 1,453 218-0.1 7.36 1,016 218-1.4 6.86 1,282 219-0.1 7.24 859 219-1.8 7.04 1,071 220-0.6 7.09 745 * Starting RIT Level is always based on grade 6 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

110 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.42 SCIENCE CONCEPTS and PROCESSES - Grade 7 Term-to-Term Mean Growth, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Starting RIT* Fall-to-Spring Fall-to-Fall Start Start Start Start RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N 176 11.3 8.81 103 221-1.7 6.82 1,579 178 12.2 9.54 118 223-0.8 7.25 982 177 10.4 9.05 118 222-2.1 6.72 1,356 179 11.9 9.94 154 224-0.9 6.84 815 178 9.6 8.96 139 223-2.3 6.75 1,174 180 11.5 9.30 176 225-1.3 6.67 669 179 10.0 9.62 189 224-2.2 6.82 968 181 10.6 8.95 187 226-1.8 6.90 536 180 10.0 9.05 226 225-2.2 6.91 805 182 9.8 8.79 204 227-2.6 7.22 427 181 10.1 8.63 254 226-2.5 6.97 661 183 9.5 8.82 239 228-3.1 7.08 341 182 9.8 8.37 278 227-3.1 7.01 523 184 9.7 8.88 310 229-3.7 6.72 269 183 9.4 8.62 336 228-3.6 6.77 418 185 8.8 8.51 349 230-3.9 6.34 191 184 8.8 8.55 403 229-4.0 6.55 340 186 8.9 8.33 430 231-4.5 6.10 139 185 8.3 8.08 449 230-4.6 6.76 242 187 8.5 8.08 471 186 8.0 8.08 518 231-5.4 6.46 187 188 8.2 8.06 545 187 7.9 8.21 593 232-6.0 6.32 130 189 7.6 8.30 617 188 7.8 8.05 700 233-6.3 6.87 108 190 7.1 8.46 742 189 7.1 7.81 806 191 6.8 8.41 868 190 6.4 7.80 944 192 6.8 8.09 978 191 6.4 7.63 1,108 193 6.5 7.89 1,118 192 6.5 7.73 1,234 194 6.2 7.98 1,268 193 6.4 7.51 1,417 195 5.9 7.93 1,458 194 5.7 7.64 1,575 196 5.6 7.84 1,622 195 5.2 7.36 1,798 197 5.5 7.66 1,770 196 4.9 7.48 2,004 198 4.9 7.74 1,922 197 4.9 7.33 2,171 199 4.7 7.73 2,041 198 4.6 7.53 2,393 200 4.3 7.64 2,206 199 4.4 7.38 2,551 201 4.3 7.49 2,328 200 4.0 7.40 2,782 202 4.0 7.45 2,510 201 3.9 7.31 2,990 203 3.9 7.54 2,731 202 3.6 7.25 3,255 204 3.8 7.56 2,912 203 3.5 7.29 3,542 205 3.7 7.48 3,084 204 3.4 7.15 3,707 206 3.6 7.36 3,138 205 3.3 7.16 3,838 207 3.4 7.37 3,244 206 3.1 6.99 3,898 208 3.1 7.46 3,260 207 2.8 7.03 3,998 209 2.9 7.47 3,220 208 2.6 7.12 3,983 210 2.7 7.40 3,115 209 2.4 7.13 3,917 211 2.4 7.42 3,018 210 2.1 7.05 3,788 212 2.3 7.47 2,927 211 1.7 6.80 3,702 213 2.1 7.47 2,776 212 1.5 6.91 3,564 214 1.9 7.26 2,618 213 1.4 6.93 3,376 215 1.4 7.18 2,416 214 1.1 6.95 3,188 216 1.2 7.07 2,266 215 0.7 6.78 2,943 217 0.9 7.12 2,052 216 0.4 6.83 2,744 218 0.5 7.10 1,836 217 0.0 6.88 2,487 219 0.2 7.27 1,611 218-0.4 6.91 2,251 220-0.2 7.41 1,399 219-0.9 6.89 2,001 221-0.4 7.56 1,280 220-1.1 6.95 1,738 222-0.6 7.51 1,117 * Starting RIT Level is always based on grade 7 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 111 Table 5.43 SCIENCE CONCEPTS and PROCESSES - Grade 8 Term-to-Term Mean Growth, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Starting RIT* Fall-to-Spring Fall-to-Fall Start Start Start Start RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N 177 10.8 9.49 101 222-1.3 6.64 2,067 --- 231-4.7 7.40 116 178 10.8 10.07 125 223-1.6 6.61 1,910 187 7.7 9.59 115 --- 179 10.8 10.75 157 224-1.9 6.74 1,725 188 8.0 8.84 132 180 10.5 11.01 175 225-2.0 6.73 1,496 189 7.3 8.81 158 181 10.0 10.13 200 226-2.1 6.67 1,265 190 7.4 9.03 176 182 9.5 9.29 204 227-2.3 6.37 1,001 191 6.5 9.19 223 183 9.5 8.90 224 228-2.8 6.44 796 192 6.5 8.89 255 184 9.0 9.10 268 229-3.2 6.15 632 193 6.2 8.78 286 185 8.4 8.85 315 230-3.6 6.21 520 194 6.5 8.63 315 186 8.0 8.69 367 231-4.1 6.34 427 195 6.2 8.72 331 187 7.4 8.43 394 232-5.0 6.83 348 196 6.0 8.39 362 188 7.3 8.43 435 233-5.7 6.75 264 197 5.7 8.36 413 189 7.0 8.19 527 234-6.4 6.77 210 198 4.8 8.27 466 190 6.8 8.25 618 235-6.1 6.61 151 199 4.7 8.20 546 191 6.7 8.35 775 236-7.4 6.93 105 200 3.9 8.19 600 192 6.5 8.34 900 201 4.2 7.92 646 193 6.3 8.29 1,022 202 3.8 7.64 739 194 6.3 8.34 1,161 203 3.8 7.38 840 195 6.0 8.24 1,305 204 3.3 7.73 964 196 5.6 8.13 1,444 205 3.0 7.96 1,035 197 5.0 7.84 1,562 206 2.8 8.26 1,071 198 4.9 7.75 1,690 207 3.1 8.19 1,126 199 4.7 7.77 1,896 208 3.0 8.25 1,177 200 4.4 7.71 2,153 209 3.1 7.75 1,206 201 4.1 7.70 2,370 210 2.7 7.66 1,203 202 4.0 7.50 2,660 211 2.6 7.35 1,190 203 3.8 7.22 2,854 212 2.3 7.65 1,208 204 3.7 7.09 3,178 213 2.2 7.51 1,212 205 3.5 7.16 3,331 214 2.0 7.46 1,178 206 3.3 7.37 3,541 215 1.6 7.34 1,117 207 3.0 7.25 3,673 216 1.3 7.03 1,092 208 2.8 7.26 3,843 217 0.9 7.06 1,050 209 2.6 7.14 3,896 218 1.1 6.88 998 210 2.4 7.32 3,886 219 0.6 7.04 918 211 2.4 7.24 3,836 220 0.4 6.95 810 212 2.0 7.23 3,876 221-0.3 7.03 713 213 1.8 7.05 3,793 222-0.6 6.98 620 214 1.3 6.80 3,672 223-1.0 7.17 555 215 1.3 6.69 3,452 224-1.4 7.20 489 216 0.9 6.70 3,348 225-1.4 7.14 399 217 0.7 6.75 3,232 226-1.2 6.84 334 218 0.2 6.75 3,061 227-1.6 6.54 275 219-0.1 6.72 2,819 228-2.3 6.85 224 220-0.5 6.87 2,516 229-3.2 6.58 178 221-0.9 6.79 2,285 230-4.3 7.41 140 * Starting RIT Level is always based on grade 8 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

112 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Table 5.44 SCIENCE CONCEPTS and PROCESSES - Grade 9 Term-to-Term Mean Growth, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Starting RIT* Fall-to-Spring Fall-to-Fall Start Start Start Start RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N --- 232-4.3 5.86 225 --- 233-4.4 7.26 123 188 8.3 9.49 107 233-4.9 5.76 187 189 6.7 9.50 110 --- 189 7.9 9.37 116 234-5.3 6.38 146 190 6.7 8.93 130 190 6.6 9.37 151 235-6.2 6.84 106 191 7.2 9.17 160 191 6.6 9.29 177 192 7.5 9.00 188 192 6.5 9.10 200 193 7.3 9.13 219 193 6.7 8.87 229 194 6.5 9.33 230 194 6.5 8.76 245 195 5.4 9.04 253 195 6.2 8.44 289 196 5.1 8.60 295 196 5.0 8.41 343 197 4.5 8.35 354 197 4.5 8.37 419 198 4.6 8.05 396 198 4.2 8.27 468 199 4.1 8.27 414 199 4.0 8.20 515 200 3.9 8.46 439 200 3.9 7.91 547 201 3.7 8.19 489 201 3.9 8.00 611 202 3.5 8.25 576 202 4.0 7.96 679 203 3.7 7.81 664 203 3.6 8.08 788 204 3.4 8.00 740 204 3.7 7.91 872 205 3.3 7.97 820 205 3.3 7.70 992 206 3.1 8.23 877 206 3.0 7.64 1,080 207 3.0 8.14 992 207 2.5 7.53 1,224 208 2.9 7.95 1,061 208 2.3 7.34 1,301 209 2.6 7.65 1,120 209 2.1 7.54 1,356 210 2.1 7.64 1,175 210 1.9 7.60 1,396 211 2.0 7.71 1,236 211 1.8 7.56 1,420 212 1.9 7.63 1,247 212 1.7 7.16 1,476 213 1.9 7.44 1,243 213 1.5 6.99 1,523 214 1.5 7.34 1,231 214 1.3 6.98 1,571 215 1.3 7.54 1,284 215 1.0 7.11 1,595 216 1.1 7.66 1,237 216 0.8 7.15 1,560 217 1.0 7.69 1,195 217 0.4 7.14 1,516 218 0.6 7.71 1,142 218 0.2 7.01 1,464 219 0.2 7.69 1,126 219-0.4 6.94 1,417 220-0.2 7.64 1,063 220-0.8 7.01 1,366 221-0.4 7.36 966 221-0.9 6.95 1,285 222-0.8 7.36 863 222-1.2 6.92 1,182 223-0.9 7.17 764 223-1.2 6.63 1,057 224-1.2 7.03 690 224-1.6 6.71 949 225-1.1 6.57 649 225-1.6 6.56 874 226-1.6 6.65 579 226-2.0 6.71 786 227-1.8 6.37 500 227-2.3 6.54 670 228-2.5 6.84 385 228-2.6 6.37 538 229-2.6 6.92 299 229-3.0 6.37 442 230-2.7 7.49 226 230-3.3 6.26 358 231-3.2 6.93 173 231-3.8 6.51 283 232-3.6 6.90 153 * Starting RIT Level is always based on grade 9 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 113 Table 5.45 SCIENCE CONCEPTS and PROCESSES - Grade 10 Term-to-Term Mean Growth, Standard Deviations (SD) and Numbers of Students (N) by Starting RIT* Fall-to-Spring Fall-to-Fall Start Start Start Start RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N RIT Mean SD N --- --- --- 193 5.2 10.86 113 202 1.6 8.66 112 194 5.4 10.59 139 203 2.0 8.56 134 195 5.5 9.36 167 204 2.4 8.24 136 196 5.2 9.03 179 205 2.4 7.97 151 197 5.0 8.78 183 206 2.4 7.74 152 198 4.7 8.65 206 207 2.3 7.74 178 199 5.2 8.77 225 208 2.4 7.87 204 200 5.2 9.18 266 209 2.3 7.75 234 201 4.7 9.40 318 210 2.2 8.03 261 202 4.0 9.06 366 211 2.4 8.16 257 203 3.8 8.55 429 212 1.8 8.14 246 204 3.7 8.44 494 213 1.6 7.68 227 205 3.6 8.46 556 214 0.7 8.56 244 206 3.1 8.46 624 215 1.1 8.05 280 207 3.1 8.07 684 216 0.3 8.08 312 208 3.3 7.94 833 217 0.6 6.96 316 209 3.3 7.80 920 218 0.4 7.03 301 210 3.0 7.71 979 219 0.5 7.27 291 211 2.7 7.49 1,026 220-0.1 7.93 290 212 2.3 7.14 1,075 221-0.4 8.10 276 213 2.5 7.16 1,144 222-0.7 7.69 254 214 2.2 6.93 1,144 223-0.9 7.16 243 215 2.2 7.00 1,201 224-1.3 7.23 226 216 1.6 7.02 1,226 225-1.5 7.75 221 217 1.5 7.22 1,244 226-1.3 7.23 195 218 1.3 7.12 1,220 227-0.7 7.15 166 219 1.1 7.06 1,227 228-0.7 6.72 134 220 0.7 6.98 1,176 --- 221 0.5 6.76 1,092 222-0.1 6.76 1,001 223-0.6 6.87 984 224-1.0 7.14 984 225-1.1 6.81 935 226-1.5 6.60 845 227-1.9 6.65 722 228-2.1 7.05 633 229-2.2 6.84 514 230-2.7 7.22 444 231-3.2 6.94 359 232-3.8 7.16 310 233-4.1 6.54 231 234-4.3 6.74 166 235-4.5 6.41 122 236-4.6 6.13 110 * Starting RIT Level is always based on grade 10 performance. Shaded cells indicate that starting RIT was outside the percentile range of 1-99.

114 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 115 CHAPTER 6 Achievement Growth: Observed and Modeled Sound estimates of achievement growth depend on a few fundamental elements. These include: A measurement scale that spans the time period of interest (commonly called a vertical scale). The five major RIT scales are examples of this element. Test content that is at least aligned to the content standards of the declared curriculum, if not the instructed curriculum Tests that minimize the measurement error in each score. Kingsbury and Hauser (2004) suggest that when the ratio of the standard error of measurement to the standard deviation does not exceed.3, a reasonable level of precision is present in the measure. A standardized method of accounting for time between measurement occasions. Ideally, the method would establish a unit of time that best balances intuitive interest of consumers of the data, the amount of change that might be expected within a single unit, and flexibility of use. These elements certainly don t guarantee growth will be estimated well, but in the absence of any one of them, the quality of estimates will be adversely affected, regardless of the analytic model used to make them. As indicated earlier, this study departs from the practice in previous NWEA norm studies of using simple difference scores as estimates of student growth. Rather growth norms were created by modeling changes on achievement as a function of time. The impetus for this shift owes nothing to historic and persistent arguments that difference scores are inherently unreliable and unfair. These arguments were revealed as longstanding myths by the work of Rogosa (1995) and his colleagues Rogosa & Willett (1983), Rogosa, Brant, & Zimowski (1982). What did provide impetus for this shift was foreshadowed in Chapter 5: change over two points in time limits our frame of reference for using growth estimates in establishing growth expectations for individual students and in evaluating growth against those expectations. When student achievement growth is aggregated for a group of students sharing a general proxy variable for experience, such as grade level, it normally shows a positive trend over a single year and over multiple years. It is very unusual when large samples are involved for a later grade to show more growth than the grade immediately preceding it. While we understand, intellectually,

116 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms that this is not always true for individual students, it can be difficult to explain when we see much less growth one year than they made the previous year. In fact, both positive and negative changes in growth and achievement estimates for individual students are commonplace in most large datasets of longitudinal student performance. This is illustrated well in Figure 6.1. 15 th percentile 50 th percentile 85 th percentile Instructional Weeks Figure 6.1. Reading growth trajectories for students ending grade 2 in three different positions in the achievement distribution. Shown in the figure are the score histories of 300 students. All students represented were randomly selected from those who had a RIT score in at the end of grade 2 that was within two RIT points of either the 15 th, 50 th, or 85 th percentile rank in reading. In addition, each student had a beginning-of-year and an end-of-year test score for all grades 3 through 6. Instructional weeks were determined in the manner described in Chapter 2. The small rectangle close to the Y-axis of each panel represents the range of initial RIT scores from the end of grade 2. The trend line in each panel is the result of fitting a quadratic growth model to the data. In each panel there is an ascending growth curve across the 140 instructional week period. If we focus in each panel on the differences from the green box to the points located at zero instructional weeks, we see the great variability in scores from the end of one school year to the beginning of the next; a variability that is largely mimicked throughout the panel. Moving across panels, from lower to higher levels of initial status, the occasion-to-occasion variability shrinks somewhat.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 117 However in each panel, for any period that would constitute an instructional year of, for example, 36 instructional weeks, see a great deal of variability. What do we gain (or lose) by modeling achievement growth rather than using observed difference scores? In view of the variability of scores from occasion to occasion, this is a reasonable question. Modeling growth over longer time spans will not reduce variability in longitudinal data but it will help us to determine growth expectations and evaluate growth as students move through the time span. Using the growth trajectories of many students who have been grouped within a small range of initial RIT scores, the growth models determine the rate at which students grow across the range of interest. Similar to the use of two points in time difference scores to determine mean growth for a group of similar students, the use of growth models assumes that the group of students used to determine growth estimates for the norms will grow in much the same way that future students who share the same characteristics will grow. The differences lie in the data used to make the estimates and how time is used. In terms of results, the difference score method yields a single estimate while the modeled growth method can yield an estimate for any number of time units (instructional weeks) from the beginning of the time span of interest. It is also reasonable to ask what differences would be expected between the two methods. The panels in Figures 6.2 through 6.4 provide these differences for reading, language usage and mathematics, respectively. The observed growth appearing in each panel was calculated by subtracting the initial RIT score from the score from the same student that appeared 24 to 35 weeks later. The growth model was the one used for the same grade and target RIT level that was presented in the beginning of yr to end of yr ( 32 instructional weeks) sub-tables presented in Chapter 5. The series labeled 2005 are the RIT point growth norms taken from the 2005 norm study. The figures all show a similar picture. When the initial RIT scores are at the lower achievement levels in the earlier grades, growth estimates based on differences scores (observed) are slightly higher than the corresponding (same initial RIT level) estimates that are based on the growth model. The 2005 series tend to fall between the observed and the modeled series and tend to be more consistent with the modeled growth series. For initial RIT scores that are much higher in the grade level, modeled growth series tend to be slightly higher than the observed series but there is little consistency in the differences between these series and the 2005 series. We can point to several factors that are likely to have contributed to these differences. Chief among them are: Test inclusion criteria the criteria in this study were more restrictive in terms of individual score validity than was the case in the 2005 study

118 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 25 Grade 2 Reading 20 Grade 3 Reading 32 week change 20 15 10 5 Observed Modeled 2005 32 week change 15 10 5 0 Observed Modeled 2005 0 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 Initial RIT -5 155 175 195 215 Initial RIT 20 Grade 4 Reading 20 Grade 5 Reading 32 week change 15 10 5 0 Observed Modeled 2005 32 week change 15 10 5 0 Observed Modeled 2005-5 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 Initial RIT -5 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 Initial RIT 20 Grade 6 Reading 20 Grade 7 Reading 32 week change 15 10 5 0 Observed Modeled 2005 32 week change 15 10 5 0 Observed Modeled 2005-5 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 Initial RIT -5 165 175 185 195 205 215 225 235 245 Initial RIT Figure 6.1. Observed and modeled growth in reading by grade and initial RIT score.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 119 20 Grade 8 Reading 20 Grade 9 Reading 32 week change 15 10 5 0 Observed Modeled 2005 32 week change 15 10 5 0 Observed Modeled 2005-5 175 185 195 205 215 225 235 245 Initial RIT -5 185 195 205 215 225 235 245 255 Initial RIT 20 Grade10 Reading 32 week change 15 10 5 0 Observed Modeled 2005-5 200 210 220 230 240 250 Initial RIT Figure 6.1 (cont.) Observed and modeled growth in reading by grade and initial RIT score. Time between test occasions the time between test occasions used to calculate difference scores in this study was held to a fairly narrow range (24 to 35 weeks), while in the 2005 study the actual time between test occasions was left free to vary and was bound only by occurrence in a term Sampling differences the current study was restricted to school districts with known calendars; this was not a restriction for the 2005 study Modeling growth when time is included as a continuous factor in a growth model, growth estimates will be based on the relationship between achievement estimates and time. The further test series extend beyond the initial test, the more likely it is that the (modeled) growth estimates will differ from (shorter term) observed growth estimates. Differences are likely to be greatest when the data are initially most variable (lower initial RIT scores).

120 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 25 Grade 2 Language Usage 20 Grade 3 Language Usage 32 week change 20 15 10 5 Observed Modeled 2005 32 week change 15 10 5 0 Observed Modeled 2005 0 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 Initial RIT -5 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 Initial RIT 20 Grade 4 Language Usage 20 Grade 5 Language Usage 32 week change 15 10 5 0 Observed Modeled 2005 32 week change 15 10 5 0 Observed Modeled 2005-5 165 175 185 195 205 215 225 235 Initial RIT -5 165 175 185 195 205 215 225 235 Initial RIT 20 Grade 6 Language Usage 20 Grade 7 Language Usage 32 week change 15 10 5 0 Observed Modeled 2005 32 week change 15 10 5 0 Observed Modeled 2005-5 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 Initial RIT -5 175 185 195 205 215 225 235 245 Initial RIT Figure 6.2. Observed and modeled growth in language usage by grade and initial RIT score.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 121 20 Grade 8 Language Usage 20 Grade 9 Language Usage 32 week change 15 10 5 0 Observed Modeled 2005 32 week change 15 10 5 0 Observed Modeled 2005-5 185 195 205 215 225 235 245 Initial RIT -5 195 205 215 225 235 245 Initial RIT 20 Grade 10 Language Usage 32 week change 15 10 5 0 Observed Modeled 2005-5 205 215 225 235 Initial RIT Figure 6.2 (cont.) Observed and modeled growth in language usage by grade and initial RIT score.

122 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 25 Grade 2 Mathematics 25 Grade 3 Mathematics 32 week change 20 15 10 Modeled Observed 2005 32 week change 20 15 10 Modeled Observed 2005 5 5 0 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 Initial RIT 0 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 Initial RIT 25 Grade 4 Mathematics 25 Grade 5 Mathematics 20 Modeled 20 Modeled 32 week change 15 10 Observed 2005 32 week change 15 10 Observed 2005 5 5 0 165 175 185 195 205 215 225 235 245 Initial RIT 0 165 175 185 195 205 215 225 235 245 255 Initial RIT 25 Grade 6 Mathematics 25 Grade 7 Mathematics 20 Modeled 20 Modeled 32 week change 15 10 Observed 2005 32 week change 15 10 Observed 2005 5 5 0 165 175 185 195 205 215 225 235 245 255 Initial RIT 0 175 185 195 205 215 225 235 245 255 265 Initial RIT Figure 6.3. Observed and modeled growth in mathematics by grade and initial RIT score.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 123 25 Grade 8 Mathematics 25 Grade 9 Mathematics 32 week change 20 15 10 Modeled Observed 2005 32 week change 20 15 10 Modeled Observed 2005 5 5 0 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 Initial RIT 0 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 Initial RIT 15 Grade 10 Mathematics 32 week change 10 5 0 Modeled Observed 2005-5 205 215 225 235 245 255 265 Initial RIT Figure 6.3 (cont.) Observed and modeled growth in mathematics by grade and initial RIT score. Conclusions. The method of estimating achievement growth in this study represents a difference in the way growth norms are calculated. It will have a slight impact on how growth expectations (targets) are set at the individual student level. As such, it will also affect the criteria used to evaluate individual student level growth. This change in growth norms estimation will not affect the way student growth is represented in daily practice; growth will continue to be based on differences between observed RIT scores for the foreseeable future. However, this change requires a minor adjustment in thinking about individual student growth and holds some important advantages. These include: Meeting or exceeding an individual growth expectation (target) indicates that the student s growth met or exceeded the long term growth trend of students in the same grade and who started at the same RIT level. Whether or not the result is adequate is still a judgment best

124 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms left to the student and the student s teacher. Individual, aspirational growth goals are still encouraged. Previous suggestions regarding the plausibility of unexpected growth (NWEA, 2005) remain unchanged. Further, the suggestion for evaluating odd or unexpected growth using the standard errors of the RIT scores,, can benefit by using target values of 4.7 for reading and language usage and 5.0 for mathematics (Kingsbury & Hauser, 2007; Hauser, Kingsbury & Wise, 2008). Change errors that exceed these values will generally involve a test event with low individual validity. The set time period over which growth can be estimated is linked only to instructional weeks. The time periods can be specified for any reasonable time period (e.g., instructional weeks 110 for grades 2 through 8; 75 for grades 9 and 10). The expected growth component of the Hybrid Success Model (Kingsbury & McCall, 2006) can be set with greater confidence when an achievement status target is two to four years in the future.

References Ingebo, G. S. (1997). Probability in the measure of achievement. Chicago: MESA Press. Hauser, C., Kingsbury, G. G. & Wise, S. L. (2008, March). Individual validity: Adding a missing link. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New York, NY. Kingsbury, G. G. (2003, April). A long-term study of the stability of item parameter estimates. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, IL. Kingsbury, G. G. & Hauser, C. (2004, April). Computerized adaptive testing and No Child Left Behind. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Diego, CA. Kingsbury, G. G. & Hauser, C. (2007, April). Individual validity in the context of an adaptive test. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, IL. Kingsbury, G. G. & McCall, M. S. (2006). The Hybrid Success Model: Theory and practice. In R. Lissitz (Ed.), Longitudinal and Value Added Models of Student Performance (pp. 346 384). Maple Grove, MN: JAM Press. Kingsbury, G. G., McCall, M. & Hauser, C. (2008). Tools for measuring academic growth. In E. V. Smith & G. E. Stone (Eds.), Applications of Rasch Measurement in Criterion-Reference Testing: Practice Analysis to Score Reporting (In press). Maple Grove, MN: JAM Press. Northwest Evaluation Association. (2002, August). RIT scale norms: For use with Achievement Level Tests and Measures of Academic Progress. Portland, OR: Author. Northwest Evaluation Association. (2005, August). RIT scale norms: For use with Achievement Level Tests and Measures of Academic Progress. Portland, OR: Author. Raudenbush, S. W. & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods (2 nd ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Rogosa, D. (1995). Myths and Methods: Myths about longitudinal research plus supplemental questions. In J. Gottman (Ed.), The Analysis of Change (pp. 3 66). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Rogosa, D. R., & Willett, J. B. (1983). Demonstrating the reliability of the difference score in the measurement of change. Journal of Educational Measurement, 20, 335 343.

126 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Ragosa, D., Brandt, D., Zimowski, M. (1982). A growth curve approach to measurement of change. Psychological Bulletin, 92, 726 748. Singer, J. D. & Willett, J. B. (2003). Applied longitudinal data analysis: Modeling change and event occurrence. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. SPSS for Windows Version 15.0 [Computer software]. (2006). Chicago: SPSS, Inc.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 127 APPENDIX A RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion Tables for Reading, Language Usage, Mathematics, Upper Level Mathematics, General Science Topics, and Science Concepts and Processes Beginning, Middle and End of Instructional Year

128 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Northwest Evaluation Association Beginning of School Year READING RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion %ile Kdgn Grd 1 Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 Grd 11 %ile 1 138 140 156 162 166 170 173 174 176 177 178 181 1 2 138 142 158 164 170 175 178 180 183 184 186 187 2 3 139 143 158 166 172 178 181 184 187 188 191 191 3 4 139 144 159 168 174 180 184 187 190 192 193 194 4 5 139 144 160 169 176 182 186 190 193 194 196 197 5 6 139 145 160 170 177 184 188 191 195 196 199 199 6 7 140 146 161 171 179 185 189 193 197 198 201 201 7 8 140 146 161 172 180 186 191 195 198 199 202 203 8 9 140 147 162 173 181 187 192 196 200 201 203 204 9 10 140 147 163 174 182 188 193 197 201 202 204 205 10 11 140 148 163 175 183 189 194 198 202 203 205 207 11 12 141 148 164 175 184 190 195 199 203 204 207 207 12 13 141 149 164 176 184 191 196 200 204 205 208 209 13 14 141 149 165 177 185 192 197 201 204 206 209 210 14 15 141 149 165 177 186 193 198 202 205 207 210 211 15 16 141 150 166 178 186 194 199 202 206 207 210 211 16 17 141 150 166 178 187 194 199 203 207 208 211 212 17 18 141 150 167 179 188 195 200 204 207 209 212 213 18 19 142 151 167 179 188 196 200 204 208 209 213 213 19 20 142 151 168 180 189 196 201 205 208 210 213 214 20 21 142 151 168 180 189 197 202 205 209 210 214 215 21 22 142 152 168 181 190 197 202 206 210 211 214 215 22 23 142 152 169 181 190 198 203 206 210 212 215 216 23 24 142 152 169 182 191 198 203 207 211 212 215 216 24 25 142 153 170 182 191 199 204 207 211 213 216 217 25 26 143 153 170 183 192 199 204 208 212 213 216 217 26 27 143 153 170 183 192 200 204 208 212 214 217 218 27 28 143 154 171 184 193 200 205 209 212 214 217 218 28 29 143 154 171 184 193 200 205 209 213 214 218 219 29 30 143 154 172 184 194 201 206 210 213 215 218 219 30 31 143 154 172 185 194 201 206 210 214 215 219 220 31 32 143 155 172 185 195 202 207 210 214 216 219 220 32 33 144 155 173 186 195 202 207 211 214 216 219 221 33 34 144 155 173 186 196 202 207 211 215 217 220 221 34 35 144 156 174 186 196 203 208 212 215 217 220 222 35 36 144 156 174 187 196 203 208 212 216 217 220 222 36 37 144 156 174 187 197 204 208 212 216 218 221 222 37 38 144 156 175 188 197 204 209 213 216 218 221 223 38 39 144 157 175 188 197 204 209 213 217 219 222 223 39 40 145 157 176 188 198 205 210 213 217 219 222 224 40 41 145 157 176 189 198 205 210 214 217 219 222 224 41 42 145 157 176 189 199 205 210 214 218 220 223 224 42 43 145 158 177 189 199 206 211 214 218 220 223 225 43 44 145 158 177 190 199 206 211 215 218 220 224 225 44 45 145 158 177 190 200 206 211 215 219 221 224 225 45 46 146 158 178 191 200 207 212 215 219 221 224 226 46 47 146 159 178 191 200 207 212 216 219 221 225 226 47 48 146 159 179 191 201 207 212 216 220 222 225 226 48 49 146 159 179 192 201 208 213 216 220 222 225 227 49 50 146 160 179 192 201 208 213 217 220 222 226 227 50 Shaded cells are based on samples that were NOT stratified to reflect the U.S. school age population.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 129 Northwest Evaluation Association Beginning of School Year READING RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion %ile Kdgn Grd 1 Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 Grd 11 %ile 51 146 160 180 192 202 208 213 217 221 223 226 228 51 52 147 160 180 193 202 209 214 217 221 223 226 228 52 53 147 160 180 193 202 209 214 218 221 223 227 228 53 54 147 161 181 193 203 209 214 218 222 224 227 229 54 55 147 161 181 194 203 210 214 218 222 224 228 229 55 56 147 161 181 194 203 210 215 219 222 225 228 229 56 57 147 161 182 195 204 210 215 219 223 225 228 230 57 58 148 162 182 195 204 210 215 219 223 225 229 230 58 59 148 162 183 195 204 211 216 220 223 226 229 230 59 60 148 162 183 196 204 211 216 220 224 226 229 231 60 61 148 163 183 196 205 211 216 220 224 226 229 231 61 62 148 163 184 196 205 212 217 221 224 227 230 231 62 63 149 163 184 197 205 212 217 221 225 227 230 232 63 64 149 163 184 197 206 212 217 221 225 227 231 232 64 65 149 164 185 197 206 213 218 222 225 228 231 232 65 66 149 164 185 198 206 213 218 222 226 228 231 233 66 67 150 164 186 198 207 213 218 222 226 228 232 233 67 68 150 165 186 198 207 214 219 223 226 229 232 233 68 69 150 165 186 199 208 214 219 223 227 229 232 234 69 70 150 165 187 199 208 214 219 223 227 229 233 234 70 71 150 166 187 200 208 215 220 224 228 230 233 234 71 72 151 166 188 200 209 215 220 224 228 230 233 235 72 73 151 166 188 200 209 215 220 224 228 231 233 235 73 74 151 167 189 201 209 216 221 225 229 231 234 236 74 75 152 167 189 201 210 216 221 225 229 231 234 236 75 76 152 167 189 201 210 216 221 226 229 232 235 236 76 77 152 168 190 202 210 217 222 226 230 232 235 237 77 78 152 168 190 202 211 217 222 226 230 232 235 237 78 79 153 168 191 203 211 218 223 227 231 233 236 237 79 80 153 169 191 203 212 218 223 227 231 233 236 238 80 81 153 169 192 203 212 218 223 228 231 234 236 238 81 82 154 170 192 204 212 219 224 228 232 234 237 238 82 83 154 170 193 204 213 219 224 229 232 234 237 239 83 84 154 171 193 205 213 220 225 229 233 235 238 239 84 85 155 171 194 205 214 220 225 230 233 235 238 240 85 86 155 172 195 206 214 221 226 230 234 236 238 240 86 87 155 172 195 206 215 221 226 231 234 236 239 241 87 88 156 173 196 207 215 222 227 231 235 237 239 241 88 89 156 173 196 208 216 222 228 232 235 237 240 242 89 90 157 174 197 208 217 223 228 232 236 238 241 242 90 91 157 175 198 209 217 223 229 233 236 238 241 243 91 92 158 176 199 210 218 224 230 234 237 239 242 243 92 93 159 177 199 211 219 225 230 234 238 240 242 244 93 94 159 177 200 211 219 226 231 235 238 240 243 245 94 95 160 178 201 212 220 227 232 236 239 241 244 245 95 96 162 180 203 214 222 228 233 237 240 242 245 247 96 97 163 181 204 215 223 229 235 238 241 243 246 248 97 98 166 183 206 217 225 231 236 240 243 245 248 249 98 99 170 185 210 220 228 234 239 242 245 247 250 252 99 Shaded cells are based on samples that were NOT stratified to reflect the U.S. school age population.

130 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Northwest Evaluation Association Middle of School Year READING RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion %ile Kdgn Grd 1 Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 Grd 11 %ile 1 138 143 159 164 169 171 174 175 177 178 180 181 1 2 138 145 160 167 173 176 179 182 184 185 186 186 2 3 139 146 162 170 175 180 183 186 189 190 191 192 3 4 140 147 163 171 178 183 186 189 192 193 194 195 4 5 141 148 164 173 179 185 188 191 195 196 198 198 5 6 141 149 165 174 181 186 190 193 197 198 200 200 6 7 141 150 166 175 182 188 192 195 199 199 201 202 7 8 141 151 167 176 183 189 193 196 200 201 202 203 8 9 142 151 168 177 184 191 194 198 201 202 203 205 9 10 142 152 168 178 186 192 196 199 202 203 204 205 10 11 142 153 169 179 186 193 197 200 203 204 205 206 11 12 143 153 170 180 187 194 198 201 204 205 208 208 12 13 143 154 170 180 188 195 198 202 205 206 209 209 13 14 143 154 171 181 189 195 199 203 206 207 210 210 14 15 143 155 171 182 190 196 200 203 207 208 211 211 15 16 144 155 172 182 190 197 201 204 208 209 212 212 16 17 144 156 173 183 191 197 201 205 208 209 212 212 17 18 144 156 173 184 192 198 202 205 209 210 213 213 18 19 145 157 174 184 192 199 202 206 210 210 214 214 19 20 145 157 174 185 193 199 203 207 210 211 214 215 20 21 145 157 175 185 193 200 204 207 211 211 215 215 21 22 145 158 175 186 194 200 204 208 211 212 215 216 22 23 145 158 176 186 194 201 205 208 212 213 216 216 23 24 146 159 176 187 195 201 205 209 212 213 216 217 24 25 146 159 177 187 195 202 206 209 213 214 217 218 25 26 146 159 177 188 196 202 206 210 213 214 217 218 26 27 147 160 177 188 196 203 207 210 214 214 218 219 27 28 147 160 178 189 197 203 207 211 214 215 218 219 28 29 147 160 178 189 197 203 208 211 214 215 219 220 29 30 147 161 179 190 198 204 208 211 215 216 219 220 30 31 147 161 179 190 198 204 208 212 215 216 220 221 31 32 148 161 179 190 199 205 209 212 216 217 220 221 32 33 148 162 180 191 199 205 209 213 216 217 220 222 33 34 148 162 180 191 199 205 210 213 216 217 221 222 34 35 148 162 181 192 200 206 210 213 217 218 221 222 35 36 149 162 181 192 200 206 210 214 217 218 222 223 36 37 149 163 182 192 201 207 211 214 218 219 222 223 37 38 149 163 182 193 201 207 211 214 218 219 222 224 38 39 149 163 182 193 201 207 211 215 218 219 223 224 39 40 149 164 183 194 202 208 212 215 219 220 223 224 40 41 150 164 183 194 202 208 212 216 219 220 224 224 41 42 150 164 183 194 202 208 212 216 219 221 224 225 42 43 150 165 184 195 203 209 213 216 220 221 224 225 43 44 150 165 184 195 203 209 213 217 220 221 225 226 44 45 150 165 185 195 203 209 213 217 220 222 225 226 45 46 151 166 185 196 204 210 214 217 221 222 226 227 46 47 151 166 185 196 204 210 214 218 221 222 226 227 47 48 151 166 186 197 204 210 214 218 221 223 226 227 48 49 151 166 186 197 205 211 215 218 222 223 227 227 49 50 151 167 186 197 205 211 215 219 222 223 227 228 50 Shaded cells are based on samples that were NOT stratified to reflect the U.S. school age population.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 131 Northwest Evaluation Association Middle of School Year READING RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion %ile Kdgn Grd 1 Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 Grd 11 %ile 51 152 167 187 198 205 211 215 219 222 224 227 228 51 52 152 167 187 198 206 211 216 219 223 224 228 229 52 53 152 168 187 198 206 212 216 220 223 224 228 229 53 54 152 168 188 198 206 212 216 220 223 225 228 229 54 55 153 168 188 199 206 212 217 220 224 225 229 230 55 56 153 169 188 199 207 213 217 220 224 225 229 230 56 57 153 169 189 199 207 213 217 221 224 226 229 230 57 58 153 169 189 200 207 213 218 221 225 226 230 231 58 59 153 169 190 200 208 214 218 222 225 227 230 231 59 60 154 170 190 200 208 214 218 222 225 227 230 232 60 61 154 170 190 201 208 214 218 222 226 227 231 232 61 62 154 170 191 201 209 215 219 223 226 228 231 232 62 63 154 170 191 202 209 215 219 223 226 228 231 232 63 64 154 171 191 202 209 215 219 223 227 228 232 233 64 65 155 171 192 202 210 215 220 224 227 229 232 233 65 66 155 171 192 203 210 216 220 224 228 229 232 233 66 67 155 172 192 203 210 216 220 224 228 229 233 234 67 68 155 172 193 203 211 216 221 225 228 230 233 234 68 69 156 172 193 204 211 217 221 225 229 230 233 235 69 70 156 173 194 204 211 217 221 225 229 231 234 235 70 71 156 173 194 204 212 217 222 226 229 231 234 235 71 72 156 173 194 205 212 218 222 226 230 231 234 236 72 73 157 174 195 205 212 218 223 227 230 232 235 236 73 74 157 174 195 205 213 218 223 227 230 232 235 236 74 75 157 174 195 206 213 219 223 227 231 232 235 236 75 76 158 175 196 206 214 219 224 228 231 233 235 237 76 77 158 175 196 207 214 219 224 228 232 233 236 237 77 78 158 175 197 207 214 220 225 229 232 233 236 237 78 79 159 176 197 207 215 220 225 229 232 234 237 237 79 80 159 176 198 208 215 221 225 229 233 234 237 238 80 81 159 177 198 208 215 221 226 230 233 235 237 238 81 82 160 177 198 209 216 222 226 230 233 235 238 239 82 83 160 177 199 209 216 222 227 231 234 235 238 239 83 84 161 178 199 210 217 222 227 231 234 236 238 239 84 85 161 178 200 210 217 223 228 232 235 236 239 239 85 86 162 179 201 211 218 223 228 232 235 237 239 240 86 87 162 179 201 211 218 224 229 233 236 237 240 240 87 88 163 180 202 212 219 224 229 233 236 238 240 241 88 89 163 180 202 212 219 225 230 234 237 238 241 241 89 90 164 181 203 213 220 226 231 234 237 239 241 242 90 91 164 181 204 213 221 226 231 235 238 240 242 242 91 92 165 182 204 214 221 227 232 236 238 240 242 243 92 93 166 182 205 215 222 228 233 236 239 241 243 244 93 94 167 183 206 216 223 229 234 237 240 242 244 244 94 95 168 184 207 217 224 230 235 238 241 243 245 245 95 96 169 185 208 218 225 231 236 239 242 244 246 246 96 97 171 186 210 220 227 232 237 240 243 245 247 247 97 98 173 187 212 222 228 234 238 242 245 247 248 249 98 99 177 189 215 225 231 237 241 244 247 249 251 251 99 Shaded cells are based on samples that were NOT stratified to reflect the U.S. school age population.

132 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Northwest Evaluation Association End of School Year READING RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion %ile Kdgn Grd 1 Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 Grd 11 %ile 1 138 143 160 165 169 172 174 175 177 178 181 181 1 2 138 146 163 169 174 177 180 182 184 185 186 187 2 3 139 149 164 171 177 181 183 186 189 190 191 192 3 4 140 150 166 173 179 184 186 189 192 193 194 195 4 5 141 152 167 175 181 186 189 191 195 196 198 199 5 6 141 153 168 176 183 188 191 193 197 198 200 200 6 7 142 154 169 178 184 189 192 195 199 199 201 202 7 8 142 155 170 179 185 191 194 197 200 201 202 203 8 9 143 156 171 180 186 192 195 198 202 202 204 205 9 10 143 157 172 181 187 193 197 199 203 203 206 206 10 11 144 157 173 182 188 194 198 200 204 205 207 207 11 12 144 158 173 182 189 195 199 201 205 205 208 208 12 13 145 159 174 183 190 196 199 202 206 206 209 209 13 14 145 159 175 184 191 197 200 203 207 207 210 210 14 15 146 160 175 185 192 198 201 204 207 208 211 211 15 16 146 161 176 185 193 198 202 205 208 209 212 212 16 17 146 161 177 186 193 199 202 205 209 210 212 212 17 18 147 162 177 187 194 200 203 206 209 210 213 213 18 19 147 162 178 187 195 200 204 207 210 211 214 214 19 20 147 162 178 188 195 201 204 207 211 212 214 215 20 21 148 163 179 188 196 201 205 208 211 212 215 215 21 22 148 163 179 189 196 202 205 208 212 213 215 216 22 23 148 164 180 189 197 202 206 209 212 213 216 216 23 24 149 164 180 190 197 203 206 209 213 214 216 217 24 25 149 165 181 190 198 203 207 210 213 214 217 218 25 26 149 165 181 191 198 204 207 210 214 215 217 218 26 27 149 165 181 191 199 204 208 211 214 215 218 219 27 28 150 166 182 192 199 205 208 211 215 216 218 219 28 29 150 166 182 192 199 205 209 212 215 216 219 220 29 30 150 167 183 193 200 206 209 212 216 217 219 220 30 31 151 167 183 193 200 206 210 213 216 217 220 221 31 32 151 167 184 194 201 206 210 213 216 217 221 221 32 33 151 168 184 194 201 207 210 213 217 218 221 222 33 34 151 168 184 194 201 207 211 214 217 218 221 222 34 35 152 168 185 195 202 207 211 214 217 219 222 222 35 36 152 169 185 195 202 208 211 215 218 219 222 223 36 37 152 169 186 196 203 208 212 215 218 220 222 223 37 38 152 169 186 196 203 209 212 215 219 220 223 224 38 39 153 170 186 196 203 209 213 216 219 220 223 224 39 40 153 170 187 197 204 209 213 216 219 221 224 224 40 41 153 170 187 197 204 210 213 216 220 221 224 225 41 42 153 171 187 197 204 210 214 217 220 221 224 225 42 43 154 171 188 198 205 210 214 217 220 222 224 225 43 44 154 171 188 198 205 211 214 217 221 222 225 226 44 45 154 171 188 198 205 211 215 218 221 223 225 226 45 46 154 172 189 199 206 211 215 218 221 223 226 227 46 47 155 172 189 199 206 212 215 218 222 223 226 227 47 48 155 172 189 199 206 212 215 219 222 224 226 227 48 49 155 173 190 200 207 212 216 219 222 224 227 227 49 50 155 173 190 200 207 212 216 219 223 224 228 227 50 Shaded cells are based on samples that were NOT stratified to reflect the U.S. school age population.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 133 Northwest Evaluation Association End of School Year READING RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion %ile Kdgn Grd 1 Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 Grd 11 %ile 51 156 173 191 200 207 213 216 220 223 225 228 228 51 52 156 174 191 201 208 213 217 220 223 225 228 229 52 53 156 174 191 201 208 213 217 220 224 226 228 229 53 54 156 174 192 201 208 214 217 221 224 226 229 229 54 55 157 174 192 202 209 214 218 221 224 226 229 230 55 56 157 175 192 202 209 214 218 221 225 227 230 230 56 57 157 175 193 202 209 215 218 222 225 227 230 230 57 58 158 175 193 203 210 215 219 222 225 227 230 231 58 59 158 176 193 203 210 215 219 222 226 228 231 231 59 60 158 176 194 203 210 216 219 223 226 228 231 232 60 61 158 176 194 204 211 216 220 223 227 228 231 232 61 62 159 176 194 204 211 216 220 223 227 229 231 232 62 63 159 177 195 204 211 216 220 224 227 229 232 233 63 64 159 177 195 205 211 217 221 224 228 229 232 233 64 65 159 177 195 205 212 217 221 225 228 230 233 233 65 66 160 178 196 205 212 217 221 225 228 230 233 233 66 67 160 178 196 206 212 218 222 225 229 230 233 234 67 68 160 178 196 206 213 218 222 226 229 231 234 234 68 69 161 179 197 206 213 218 222 226 229 231 234 235 69 70 161 179 197 207 213 219 223 226 230 231 234 235 70 71 161 179 198 207 214 219 223 227 230 232 235 235 71 72 162 179 198 207 214 219 223 227 230 232 235 236 72 73 162 180 198 208 214 220 224 227 231 233 235 236 73 74 162 180 199 208 215 220 224 228 231 233 236 236 74 75 163 180 199 209 215 220 225 228 231 233 236 236 75 76 163 181 199 209 216 221 225 228 232 234 236 237 76 77 164 181 200 209 216 221 225 229 232 234 237 237 77 78 164 181 200 210 216 222 226 229 232 234 237 237 78 79 164 182 201 210 217 222 226 230 233 235 237 238 79 80 165 182 201 210 217 222 227 230 233 235 238 238 80 81 165 182 201 211 217 223 227 230 234 235 238 238 81 82 166 183 202 211 218 223 227 231 234 236 238 239 82 83 166 183 202 212 218 224 228 231 234 236 239 239 83 84 167 183 203 212 219 224 228 232 235 237 239 239 84 85 167 184 203 213 219 225 229 232 235 237 240 240 85 86 168 184 204 213 220 225 229 233 236 238 240 240 86 87 168 185 204 214 220 226 230 233 236 238 240 241 87 88 169 185 205 214 221 226 230 234 237 239 241 241 88 89 169 185 205 215 221 227 231 234 237 239 241 242 89 90 170 186 206 215 222 227 231 235 238 240 242 242 90 91 171 186 207 216 223 228 232 235 238 240 243 243 91 92 172 187 207 217 223 229 233 236 239 241 243 243 92 93 173 187 208 217 224 229 233 237 240 241 244 244 93 94 174 188 209 218 225 230 234 237 240 242 244 245 94 95 175 188 210 219 226 231 235 238 241 243 245 245 95 96 176 189 211 220 227 232 236 239 242 244 246 247 96 97 178 190 212 222 229 233 237 240 243 245 247 248 97 98 180 191 214 224 230 235 239 242 245 247 249 249 98 99 183 192 217 227 233 237 241 244 247 249 251 252 99 Shaded cells are based on samples that were NOT stratified to reflect the U.S. school age population.

134 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Northwest Evaluation Association Beginning of School Year LANGUAGE USAGE RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion %ile Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 Grd 11 %ile 1 163 166 169 171 174 176 179 180 181 183 1 2 163 167 172 176 180 182 186 186 187 191 2 3 164 169 174 179 183 186 190 192 192 195 3 4 164 170 176 181 186 190 193 193 195 197 4 5 164 171 177 183 188 192 195 196 197 199 5 6 165 172 179 185 190 194 197 198 199 202 6 7 165 173 180 187 192 195 199 199 201 203 7 8 165 173 181 188 193 197 200 201 202 204 8 9 166 174 183 189 194 198 201 202 203 206 9 10 166 175 184 190 195 199 202 203 204 207 10 11 166 176 185 191 196 200 203 204 205 208 11 12 167 176 185 192 197 201 204 205 207 209 12 13 167 177 186 193 198 201 205 206 207 209 13 14 167 178 187 194 199 202 205 206 208 210 14 15 168 178 188 195 199 203 206 207 209 211 15 16 168 179 188 195 200 204 207 208 210 211 16 17 168 180 189 196 201 204 207 208 210 212 17 18 169 180 189 196 201 205 208 209 211 213 18 19 169 181 190 197 202 205 208 209 212 213 19 20 169 181 190 198 202 206 209 210 212 214 20 21 170 182 191 198 203 206 210 211 213 214 21 22 170 182 192 199 203 207 210 211 213 215 22 23 171 183 192 199 204 207 210 211 214 215 23 24 171 183 193 199 204 208 211 212 214 216 24 25 171 184 193 200 205 208 211 212 215 216 25 26 172 184 194 200 205 208 212 213 215 217 26 27 172 185 194 201 205 209 212 213 216 217 27 28 172 185 194 201 206 209 213 214 216 217 28 29 173 185 195 202 206 210 213 214 216 218 29 30 173 186 195 202 207 210 213 214 217 218 30 31 173 186 196 202 207 210 214 215 217 219 31 32 174 187 196 203 207 211 214 215 217 219 32 33 174 187 196 203 208 211 214 216 218 220 33 34 175 187 197 203 208 211 215 216 218 220 34 35 175 188 197 204 208 212 215 216 218 220 35 36 175 188 198 204 209 212 216 217 219 221 36 37 176 189 198 204 209 212 216 217 219 221 37 38 176 189 198 205 209 213 216 217 220 221 38 39 176 189 199 205 210 213 217 218 220 222 39 40 177 190 199 205 210 213 217 218 220 222 40 41 177 190 199 206 210 214 217 218 220 222 41 42 178 190 200 206 211 214 217 219 221 222 42 43 178 191 200 206 211 214 218 219 221 223 43 44 178 191 200 207 211 215 218 219 221 223 44 45 179 191 201 207 212 215 218 220 222 224 45 46 179 192 201 207 212 215 219 220 222 224 46 47 179 192 201 208 212 216 219 220 222 224 47 48 180 193 202 208 213 216 219 220 223 225 48 49 180 193 202 208 213 216 220 221 223 225 49 50 180 193 202 208 213 217 220 221 223 225 50

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 135 Northwest Evaluation Association Beginning of School Year LANGUAGE USAGE RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion %ile Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 Grd 11 %ile 51 181 194 202 209 213 217 220 221 224 226 51 52 181 194 203 209 214 217 220 222 224 226 52 53 181 194 203 209 214 217 221 222 224 226 53 54 182 195 203 210 214 218 221 222 225 227 54 55 182 195 204 210 215 218 221 223 225 227 55 56 182 195 204 210 215 218 222 223 225 227 56 57 183 196 204 211 215 219 222 223 225 227 57 58 183 196 205 211 215 219 222 223 226 228 58 59 184 196 205 211 216 219 222 224 226 228 59 60 184 197 205 211 216 219 223 224 226 228 60 61 184 197 205 212 216 220 223 224 227 228 61 62 185 197 206 212 217 220 223 225 227 229 62 63 185 198 206 212 217 220 223 225 227 229 63 64 185 198 206 213 217 221 224 225 227 229 64 65 186 198 207 213 217 221 224 225 228 230 65 66 186 199 207 213 218 221 224 226 228 230 66 67 186 199 207 213 218 221 225 226 228 230 67 68 187 199 208 214 218 222 225 226 229 230 68 69 187 200 208 214 219 222 225 227 229 231 69 70 188 200 208 214 219 222 226 227 229 231 70 71 188 200 209 215 219 223 226 227 229 231 71 72 188 201 209 215 220 223 226 228 230 232 72 73 189 201 209 215 220 223 226 228 230 232 73 74 189 201 210 216 220 224 227 228 230 232 74 75 190 202 210 216 221 224 227 228 230 232 75 76 190 202 210 216 221 224 227 229 231 233 76 77 191 203 211 217 221 225 228 229 231 233 77 78 191 203 211 217 222 225 228 229 231 234 78 79 192 203 211 218 222 225 228 230 232 234 79 80 192 204 212 218 222 226 229 230 232 234 80 81 193 204 212 218 223 226 229 230 233 235 81 82 193 205 213 219 223 226 230 231 233 235 82 83 194 205 213 219 223 227 230 231 233 235 83 84 194 205 213 219 224 227 230 231 234 236 84 85 195 206 214 220 224 227 231 232 234 236 85 86 195 206 214 220 225 228 231 232 234 236 86 87 196 207 215 221 225 228 232 233 235 237 87 88 197 207 215 221 225 229 232 233 235 237 88 89 197 208 216 222 226 229 232 234 236 238 89 90 198 208 216 222 226 230 233 234 236 238 90 91 199 209 217 223 227 230 233 235 237 239 91 92 199 210 218 223 228 231 234 235 237 240 92 93 200 210 218 224 228 231 235 236 238 240 93 94 201 211 219 225 229 232 235 237 239 241 94 95 202 212 220 226 230 233 236 238 240 242 95 96 203 213 221 227 231 234 237 238 241 243 96 97 204 215 222 228 232 235 238 240 242 245 97 98 206 216 224 229 233 236 240 241 244 246 98 99 209 219 226 231 235 238 242 244 246 249 99

136 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Northwest Evaluation Association Middle of School Year LANGUAGE USAGE RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion %ile Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 Grd 11 %ile 1 165 168 171 174 175 181 182 183 184 187 1 2 166 171 175 179 181 187 188 189 191 192 2 3 167 173 178 183 186 190 192 193 196 197 3 4 168 174 180 186 189 193 195 195 198 200 4 5 168 175 182 187 191 195 197 198 201 203 5 6 169 177 184 189 193 197 199 199 202 205 6 7 170 178 185 191 194 198 201 201 204 206 7 8 170 179 186 192 196 200 202 202 205 207 8 9 171 180 187 193 197 201 203 203 206 208 9 10 172 181 188 194 198 202 204 204 206 209 10 11 172 182 189 195 199 202 205 205 207 210 11 12 173 183 190 196 200 203 206 206 208 211 12 13 173 183 191 197 201 204 206 206 209 212 13 14 174 184 192 197 201 205 207 207 209 213 14 15 174 185 192 198 202 205 208 208 210 213 15 16 175 185 193 199 203 206 208 208 211 214 16 17 175 186 194 199 203 206 209 209 211 214 17 18 176 187 194 200 204 207 209 209 212 215 18 19 176 187 195 200 204 207 210 210 212 215 19 20 177 188 195 201 205 208 211 211 213 216 20 21 177 188 196 201 205 208 211 211 213 216 21 22 178 189 196 202 206 209 211 212 214 217 22 23 178 189 197 202 206 209 212 212 214 217 23 24 179 189 197 203 207 210 212 213 214 218 24 25 179 190 198 203 207 210 213 213 215 218 25 26 180 190 198 204 208 210 213 213 216 219 26 27 180 191 198 204 208 211 214 214 216 219 27 28 180 191 199 204 208 211 214 214 217 220 28 29 181 192 199 205 209 211 214 215 217 220 29 30 181 192 200 205 209 212 215 215 217 220 30 31 182 192 200 205 209 212 215 216 218 221 31 32 182 193 200 206 210 213 216 216 218 221 32 33 183 193 201 206 210 213 216 216 218 221 33 34 183 194 201 206 210 213 216 217 219 222 34 35 183 194 201 207 211 214 217 217 219 222 35 36 184 194 202 207 211 214 217 217 219 222 36 37 184 195 202 207 211 214 217 218 220 222 37 38 184 195 202 208 212 215 218 218 220 223 38 39 185 195 203 208 212 215 218 218 221 223 39 40 185 196 203 208 212 215 218 219 221 223 40 41 185 196 203 209 213 216 219 219 221 223 41 42 186 196 204 209 213 216 219 219 221 224 42 43 186 197 204 209 213 216 219 219 222 224 43 44 186 197 204 210 214 217 219 220 222 224 44 45 187 197 205 210 214 217 220 220 222 225 45 46 187 198 205 210 214 217 220 220 223 225 46 47 187 198 205 211 215 218 220 221 223 225 47 48 188 198 205 211 215 218 221 221 223 226 48 49 188 199 206 211 215 218 221 221 224 226 49 50 188 199 206 211 215 218 221 221 224 226 50

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 137 Northwest Evaluation Association Middle of School Year LANGUAGE USAGE RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion %ile Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 Grd 11 %ile 51 189 199 206 212 216 219 221 222 224 226 51 52 189 200 207 212 216 219 222 222 224 227 52 53 189 200 207 212 216 219 222 222 224 227 53 54 190 200 207 213 217 220 222 222 225 227 54 55 190 200 208 213 217 220 223 223 225 228 55 56 190 201 208 213 217 220 223 223 226 228 56 57 191 201 208 213 217 221 223 223 226 228 57 58 191 201 208 214 218 221 223 224 226 229 58 59 191 202 209 214 218 221 224 224 226 229 59 60 192 202 209 214 218 221 224 224 227 229 60 61 192 202 209 215 219 222 224 224 227 230 61 62 192 203 210 215 219 222 225 225 227 230 62 63 193 203 210 215 219 222 225 225 227 230 63 64 193 203 210 215 219 223 225 225 228 230 64 65 193 204 210 216 220 223 225 226 228 231 65 66 194 204 211 216 220 223 226 226 228 231 66 67 194 204 211 216 220 224 226 226 228 231 67 68 194 205 211 217 221 224 226 227 229 232 68 69 195 205 212 217 221 224 226 227 229 232 69 70 195 205 212 217 221 224 227 227 229 232 70 71 196 205 212 218 221 225 227 227 229 233 71 72 196 206 213 218 222 225 227 228 230 233 72 73 196 206 213 218 222 225 228 228 230 233 73 74 197 207 213 218 222 226 228 228 230 234 74 75 197 207 214 219 223 226 228 229 230 234 75 76 198 207 214 219 223 226 229 229 231 234 76 77 198 208 214 219 223 227 229 229 231 234 77 78 198 208 215 220 224 227 229 230 231 235 78 79 199 208 215 220 224 227 230 230 232 235 79 80 199 209 215 220 224 228 230 230 232 235 80 81 200 209 216 221 225 228 230 231 233 236 81 82 200 210 216 221 225 228 231 231 233 236 82 83 201 210 216 222 226 229 231 231 233 236 83 84 201 210 217 222 226 229 231 232 234 237 84 85 202 211 217 222 226 230 232 232 234 237 85 86 202 211 218 223 227 230 232 233 234 238 86 87 203 212 218 223 227 230 233 233 235 238 87 88 203 212 219 224 228 231 233 233 236 238 88 89 204 213 219 224 228 231 233 234 236 239 89 90 204 213 220 225 229 232 234 234 236 240 90 91 205 214 220 225 229 232 234 235 237 240 91 92 206 215 221 226 230 233 235 236 237 241 92 93 207 215 222 226 230 234 236 236 238 241 93 94 207 216 222 227 231 234 236 237 239 242 94 95 208 217 223 228 232 235 237 238 240 243 95 96 209 218 224 229 232 236 238 239 241 244 96 97 211 219 225 230 233 237 239 240 242 245 97 98 213 221 226 231 235 238 241 241 245 246 98 99 215 224 229 233 236 240 243 244 247 250 99

138 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Northwest Evaluation Association End of School Year LANGUAGE USAGE RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion %ile Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 Grd 11 %ile 1 165 169 172 175 176 178 180 180 183 184 1 2 167 172 176 180 183 185 188 188 189 191 2 3 168 174 179 184 187 189 192 192 192 195 3 4 169 176 182 187 190 193 194 194 195 197 4 5 170 178 184 189 192 195 198 198 198 201 5 6 171 179 185 191 194 197 200 200 200 203 6 7 172 181 187 193 196 198 200 200 201 205 7 8 173 182 188 194 197 200 201 201 203 206 8 9 173 183 189 195 198 201 202 203 205 207 9 10 174 184 190 196 199 202 204 204 205 208 10 11 175 185 191 197 200 203 205 205 206 209 11 12 176 185 192 198 201 203 206 206 207 210 12 13 176 186 193 198 202 204 206 207 208 211 13 14 177 187 194 199 202 205 207 207 209 211 14 15 178 188 194 200 203 206 207 208 210 212 15 16 178 188 195 200 204 206 208 208 210 213 16 17 179 189 196 201 204 207 209 209 211 214 17 18 179 189 196 202 205 207 209 210 212 214 18 19 180 190 197 202 205 208 210 210 212 215 19 20 181 190 197 203 206 208 211 211 213 215 20 21 181 191 198 203 206 209 212 212 213 216 21 22 182 191 198 204 207 209 212 212 214 217 22 23 182 192 199 204 207 210 213 213 215 217 23 24 183 192 199 205 208 210 213 213 215 217 24 25 183 193 200 205 208 211 213 213 216 218 25 26 183 193 200 205 209 211 214 214 216 218 26 27 184 194 201 206 209 212 214 214 217 219 27 28 184 194 201 206 209 212 215 215 218 219 28 29 185 194 201 206 210 212 215 215 218 219 29 30 185 195 202 207 210 213 215 216 218 220 30 31 185 195 202 207 210 213 216 216 219 220 31 32 186 196 202 207 211 213 216 216 219 220 32 33 186 196 203 208 211 214 216 217 219 220 33 34 187 196 203 208 212 214 217 217 220 221 34 35 187 197 203 208 212 214 217 217 220 221 35 36 187 197 204 209 212 215 218 218 220 222 36 37 188 197 204 209 213 215 218 218 221 222 37 38 188 198 205 209 213 215 218 219 221 222 38 39 188 198 205 210 213 216 219 219 221 223 39 40 189 198 205 210 214 216 219 219 222 223 40 41 189 199 205 210 214 216 219 219 222 223 41 42 189 199 206 211 214 217 219 220 222 224 42 43 190 199 206 211 214 217 220 220 223 224 43 44 190 200 206 211 215 217 220 220 223 224 44 45 190 200 207 212 215 218 220 221 223 225 45 46 191 200 207 212 215 218 221 221 224 225 46 47 191 201 207 212 216 218 221 221 224 225 47 48 191 201 208 212 216 219 221 222 224 226 48 49 192 201 208 213 216 219 222 222 225 226 49 50 192 202 208 213 217 219 222 222 225 226 50

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 139 Northwest Evaluation Association End of School Year LANGUAGE USAGE RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion %ile Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 Grd 11 %ile 51 192 202 209 213 217 219 222 223 225 226 51 52 193 202 209 214 217 220 222 223 225 227 52 53 193 203 209 214 217 220 223 223 226 227 53 54 193 203 209 214 218 220 223 223 226 227 54 55 194 203 210 215 218 221 223 224 226 227 55 56 194 203 210 215 218 221 224 224 226 227 56 57 194 204 210 215 219 221 224 224 227 228 57 58 195 204 211 215 219 221 224 225 227 228 58 59 195 204 211 216 219 222 224 225 227 228 59 60 195 205 211 216 219 222 225 225 227 229 60 61 196 205 211 216 220 222 225 226 228 229 61 62 196 205 212 217 220 223 225 226 228 229 62 63 196 206 212 217 220 223 226 226 228 230 63 64 197 206 212 217 221 223 226 227 229 230 64 65 197 206 213 217 221 223 226 227 229 230 65 66 197 206 213 218 221 224 227 227 229 231 66 67 198 207 213 218 221 224 227 228 230 231 67 68 198 207 214 218 222 224 227 228 230 231 68 69 198 207 214 219 222 225 227 228 230 231 69 70 199 208 214 219 222 225 228 228 230 232 70 71 199 208 214 219 223 225 228 229 231 232 71 72 199 208 215 219 223 226 228 229 231 232 72 73 200 209 215 220 223 226 229 229 231 233 73 74 200 209 215 220 224 226 229 230 231 233 74 75 201 209 216 220 224 227 229 230 232 233 75 76 201 210 216 221 224 227 229 230 232 234 76 77 201 210 217 221 224 227 230 231 232 234 77 78 202 210 217 221 225 228 230 231 233 234 78 79 202 211 217 222 225 228 230 231 233 235 79 80 203 211 218 222 226 228 231 232 234 235 80 81 203 211 218 222 226 229 231 232 234 235 81 82 203 212 218 223 226 229 231 232 234 236 82 83 204 212 219 223 227 229 232 233 235 236 83 84 204 213 219 224 227 230 232 233 235 237 84 85 205 213 220 224 227 230 233 233 236 237 85 86 205 214 220 224 228 230 233 234 236 238 86 87 206 214 221 225 228 231 234 234 236 238 87 88 206 215 221 225 229 231 234 235 237 239 88 89 207 215 221 226 229 232 234 235 237 239 89 90 207 216 222 226 230 232 235 236 238 240 90 91 208 216 223 227 230 233 236 237 238 240 91 92 209 217 223 227 231 233 236 237 239 241 92 93 209 218 224 228 231 234 237 238 240 242 93 94 210 218 224 229 232 235 237 239 240 242 94 95 211 219 225 229 233 236 238 240 242 243 95 96 212 220 226 230 234 237 239 241 243 244 96 97 214 222 227 231 235 238 240 242 244 245 97 98 215 223 229 233 236 239 242 244 246 248 98 99 218 225 231 235 238 241 244 247 248 251 99

140 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Northwest Evaluation Association Beginning of School Year MATHEMATICS RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion %ile Kdgn Grd 1 Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 Grd 11 %ile 1 136 138 162 167 173 177 180 182 185 186 187 189 1 2 137 140 163 169 176 181 185 188 191 192 193 194 2 3 137 141 163 171 178 184 188 192 195 196 197 199 3 4 138 142 164 172 180 186 191 194 198 199 200 200 4 5 138 143 164 173 181 188 193 196 200 201 203 203 5 6 138 144 165 174 183 190 194 198 201 203 205 205 6 7 139 144 165 175 184 191 196 200 203 204 206 207 7 8 139 145 166 176 185 192 197 201 204 206 208 208 8 9 139 146 166 176 186 193 198 202 205 207 209 210 9 10 139 147 167 177 187 194 199 203 207 208 211 211 10 11 140 147 167 178 187 195 200 204 208 209 212 213 11 12 140 148 168 178 188 196 201 205 209 210 213 214 12 13 140 148 168 179 189 197 202 206 210 211 214 215 13 14 140 149 168 179 190 197 202 207 210 212 215 216 14 15 141 149 169 180 190 198 203 207 211 213 216 217 15 16 141 150 169 180 191 198 204 208 212 214 217 218 16 17 141 151 170 181 191 199 204 209 213 215 218 219 17 18 141 151 170 181 192 200 205 209 214 216 219 219 18 19 141 152 170 182 193 200 206 210 215 216 220 220 19 20 142 152 170 182 193 201 206 211 215 217 221 221 20 21 142 153 171 182 193 201 207 211 216 218 221 222 21 22 142 153 171 183 194 202 207 212 217 219 222 223 22 23 142 154 171 183 194 202 208 213 217 219 223 224 23 24 143 154 172 184 195 202 208 213 218 220 223 224 24 25 143 155 172 184 195 203 209 214 218 220 224 225 25 26 143 155 172 184 196 203 209 214 219 221 225 226 26 27 143 156 173 185 196 204 210 215 220 222 225 227 27 28 143 156 173 185 196 204 210 215 220 222 226 227 28 29 144 156 173 185 197 204 211 216 221 223 226 228 29 30 144 157 173 186 197 205 211 216 221 223 227 228 30 31 144 157 174 186 197 205 211 217 222 224 227 229 31 32 144 158 174 187 198 206 212 217 222 224 228 230 32 33 144 158 174 187 198 206 212 218 223 225 229 230 33 34 145 158 174 187 198 206 213 218 223 226 229 231 34 35 145 159 175 188 199 207 213 219 224 226 230 231 35 36 145 159 175 188 199 207 214 219 224 227 230 232 36 37 145 159 175 188 199 207 214 220 225 227 231 232 37 38 145 160 175 189 200 208 214 220 225 228 231 233 38 39 146 160 176 189 200 208 215 220 226 228 232 233 39 40 146 160 176 189 200 208 215 221 226 229 232 234 40 41 146 161 176 190 201 209 216 221 227 229 233 235 41 42 146 161 177 190 201 209 216 222 227 229 233 235 42 43 146 162 177 190 201 209 216 222 227 230 233 236 43 44 147 162 177 191 202 210 217 223 228 230 234 236 44 45 147 162 177 191 202 210 217 223 228 231 234 237 45 46 147 163 178 191 202 210 218 223 229 231 235 237 46 47 147 163 178 192 203 211 218 224 229 232 235 238 47 48 148 163 178 192 203 211 218 224 230 232 236 238 48 49 148 164 178 192 203 211 219 225 230 233 236 239 49 50 148 164 179 192 203 212 219 225 230 233 237 239 50 Shaded cells are based on samples that were NOT stratified to reflect the U.S. school age population.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 141 Northwest Evaluation Association Beginning of School Year MATHEMATICS RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion %ile Kdgn Grd 1 Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 Grd 11 %ile 51 148 164 179 193 204 212 219 225 231 233 237 239 51 52 148 165 179 193 204 212 220 226 231 234 237 240 52 53 149 165 179 193 204 213 220 226 232 234 238 240 53 54 149 165 180 194 205 213 220 227 232 235 238 241 54 55 149 165 180 194 205 213 221 227 233 235 239 241 55 56 149 166 180 194 205 214 221 227 233 236 239 242 56 57 150 166 180 195 205 214 222 228 233 236 240 242 57 58 150 166 181 195 206 214 222 228 234 237 240 242 58 59 150 167 181 195 206 215 222 229 234 237 241 243 59 60 150 167 181 195 206 215 223 229 235 237 241 243 60 61 151 167 182 196 207 215 223 229 235 238 242 244 61 62 151 167 182 196 207 216 223 230 235 238 242 244 62 63 151 168 182 196 207 216 224 230 236 239 242 245 63 64 151 168 182 197 207 217 224 231 236 239 243 245 64 65 152 168 183 197 208 217 224 231 237 240 243 246 65 66 152 169 183 197 208 217 225 231 237 240 244 246 66 67 152 169 183 198 208 218 225 232 238 240 244 247 67 68 153 169 184 198 209 218 226 232 238 241 245 247 68 69 153 170 184 198 209 219 226 233 239 241 245 248 69 70 153 170 184 198 209 219 226 233 239 242 246 248 70 71 154 170 185 199 210 219 227 234 239 242 246 249 71 72 154 171 185 199 210 220 227 234 240 243 246 249 72 73 154 171 185 199 210 220 228 234 240 243 247 250 73 74 155 171 186 200 211 221 228 235 241 244 247 250 74 75 155 172 186 200 211 221 228 235 241 244 248 251 75 76 155 172 186 200 211 222 229 236 242 245 248 251 76 77 156 173 187 201 212 222 229 236 242 245 249 252 77 78 156 173 187 201 212 222 230 237 243 246 249 253 78 79 157 173 188 201 213 223 230 237 243 246 250 253 79 80 157 174 188 202 213 223 231 238 244 247 250 254 80 81 157 174 189 202 214 224 231 238 244 247 251 254 81 82 158 175 189 203 214 224 232 239 245 248 252 255 82 83 158 175 190 203 214 225 232 239 245 248 252 255 83 84 159 175 190 203 215 226 233 240 246 249 253 256 84 85 159 176 191 204 216 226 233 241 247 249 253 257 85 86 160 176 191 204 216 227 234 241 247 250 254 257 86 87 160 177 192 205 217 227 235 242 248 251 255 258 87 88 161 178 192 205 217 228 235 243 249 251 255 258 88 89 161 178 193 206 218 229 236 243 249 252 256 259 89 90 162 179 193 206 219 229 237 244 250 253 257 260 90 91 163 180 194 207 219 230 237 245 251 254 258 261 91 92 163 180 195 208 220 231 238 246 252 255 259 262 92 93 164 181 196 208 221 232 239 247 253 256 260 263 93 94 165 182 197 209 222 233 240 248 254 257 261 264 94 95 166 183 198 210 223 234 241 249 255 258 262 265 95 96 167 185 199 212 225 236 243 250 256 260 262 267 96 97 168 186 200 213 226 238 244 252 258 261 265 268 97 98 170 188 202 215 229 240 246 254 260 264 267 270 98 99 174 192 205 219 232 244 250 258 264 267 270 273 99 Shaded cells are based on samples that were NOT stratified to reflect the U.S. school age population.

142 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Northwest Evaluation Association Middle of School Year MATHEMATICS RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion %ile Kdgn Grd 1 Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 Grd 11 %ile 1 136 140 165 171 176 179 182 184 186 187 189 190 1 2 137 142 167 174 180 184 188 190 192 192 195 195 2 3 138 144 168 175 182 187 191 193 195 196 198 200 3 4 138 146 169 177 184 190 193 196 198 199 202 201 4 5 139 147 170 178 186 191 195 198 200 202 203 204 5 6 139 149 171 179 187 193 197 200 202 203 205 207 6 7 140 150 171 180 188 194 198 201 204 205 206 209 7 8 140 151 172 181 189 196 199 202 205 207 208 210 8 9 141 152 172 182 190 197 200 204 207 208 209 212 9 10 141 153 173 183 191 197 201 205 208 209 212 213 10 11 141 153 173 183 192 198 202 206 209 210 213 215 11 12 142 155 174 184 193 199 203 207 210 211 214 216 12 13 142 155 174 184 194 200 204 208 211 212 215 217 13 14 142 156 175 185 194 201 205 208 212 213 216 218 14 15 142 157 175 186 195 201 205 209 213 214 217 219 15 16 143 157 175 186 195 202 206 210 214 215 218 220 16 17 143 158 176 187 196 202 207 211 214 216 219 221 17 18 143 158 176 187 196 203 207 211 215 216 220 221 18 19 144 159 177 188 197 203 208 212 216 217 221 222 19 20 144 160 177 188 197 204 209 213 217 218 222 223 20 21 144 160 177 189 198 204 209 213 217 219 223 224 21 22 144 161 178 189 198 205 210 214 218 219 223 225 22 23 145 161 178 190 199 205 210 215 219 220 224 226 23 24 145 162 178 190 199 206 211 215 219 221 225 226 24 25 145 162 179 190 199 206 211 216 220 221 225 227 25 26 145 163 179 191 200 207 212 216 221 222 226 228 26 27 146 163 179 191 200 207 212 217 221 223 227 229 27 28 146 163 180 192 201 208 213 217 222 223 227 229 28 29 146 164 180 192 201 208 213 218 222 224 228 230 29 30 147 164 180 192 201 208 214 219 223 224 228 230 30 31 147 165 180 193 202 209 214 219 223 225 229 231 31 32 147 165 181 193 202 209 215 219 224 225 229 232 32 33 147 165 181 193 202 210 215 220 225 226 230 232 33 34 148 166 181 194 203 210 216 220 225 227 231 233 34 35 148 166 182 194 203 210 216 221 226 227 231 233 35 36 148 167 182 194 203 211 217 221 226 228 232 234 36 37 148 167 182 195 204 211 217 222 227 228 232 234 37 38 149 167 182 195 204 212 217 222 227 229 233 235 38 39 149 167 183 195 204 212 218 223 228 229 233 235 39 40 149 168 183 196 205 212 218 223 228 229 233 236 40 41 150 168 183 196 205 213 219 224 229 230 234 236 41 42 150 169 184 196 205 213 219 224 229 230 234 237 42 43 150 169 184 197 206 213 219 225 229 231 235 237 43 44 150 169 184 197 206 214 220 225 230 231 235 238 44 45 151 169 184 197 206 214 220 225 230 232 236 238 45 46 151 170 185 197 206 215 221 226 231 232 236 239 46 47 151 170 185 198 207 215 221 226 231 233 236 239 47 48 152 170 185 198 207 215 221 227 232 233 237 240 48 49 152 171 186 198 207 216 222 227 232 234 237 240 49 50 152 171 186 199 208 216 222 228 232 234 238 240 50 Shaded cells are based on samples that were NOT stratified to reflect the U.S. school age population. Italized cell entries are interpolated values.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 143 Northwest Evaluation Association Middle of School Year MATHEMATICS RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion %ile Kdgn Grd 1 Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 Grd 11 %ile 51 152 171 186 199 208 217 223 228 233 234 238 241 51 52 153 172 187 199 208 217 223 228 233 235 239 241 52 53 153 172 187 199 209 217 223 229 234 235 239 242 53 54 153 172 187 200 209 218 224 229 234 236 239 242 54 55 154 172 187 200 209 218 224 230 234 236 240 243 55 56 154 173 188 200 209 218 225 230 235 236 240 243 56 57 154 173 188 200 210 219 225 230 235 237 240 244 57 58 154 173 188 201 210 219 225 231 236 237 241 244 58 59 155 174 189 201 210 220 226 231 236 238 241 244 59 60 155 174 189 201 211 220 226 232 237 238 242 245 60 61 155 174 189 202 211 220 227 232 237 239 242 246 61 62 156 174 190 202 211 221 227 232 237 239 243 246 62 63 156 175 190 202 212 221 227 233 238 239 243 247 63 64 156 175 190 202 212 222 228 233 238 240 244 247 64 65 156 175 191 203 212 222 228 234 239 240 244 247 65 66 157 175 191 203 213 222 228 234 239 241 244 248 66 67 157 176 191 203 213 223 229 234 240 241 245 248 67 68 157 176 192 203 213 223 229 235 240 242 245 249 68 69 158 176 192 204 214 224 230 235 240 242 246 249 69 70 158 177 192 204 214 224 230 236 241 242 246 250 70 71 158 177 193 204 215 224 230 236 241 243 246 250 71 72 159 177 193 205 215 225 231 237 242 243 247 251 72 73 159 178 193 205 215 225 231 237 242 244 247 251 73 74 159 178 194 205 216 226 232 238 243 244 248 252 74 75 160 178 194 206 216 226 232 238 243 245 248 252 75 76 160 179 194 206 217 227 233 238 244 245 249 253 76 77 161 179 195 206 217 227 233 239 244 246 249 253 77 78 161 179 195 207 217 228 234 239 244 246 250 254 78 79 162 180 196 207 218 228 234 240 245 247 250 254 79 80 162 180 196 207 218 229 235 240 246 247 251 255 80 81 163 181 196 208 219 229 235 241 246 248 251 255 81 82 163 181 197 208 219 229 235 241 247 248 252 256 82 83 163 181 197 209 220 230 236 242 247 249 252 256 83 84 164 182 198 209 220 231 237 243 248 250 253 257 84 85 164 182 198 209 221 231 237 243 248 250 253 258 85 86 165 183 198 210 222 232 238 244 249 251 254 258 86 87 165 183 199 211 222 232 238 244 250 252 255 259 87 88 166 184 200 211 223 233 239 245 250 252 255 260 88 89 166 184 200 212 223 234 240 246 251 253 256 260 89 90 167 185 201 212 224 234 240 247 252 254 257 261 90 91 167 186 201 213 225 235 241 247 252 255 258 263 91 92 168 186 202 214 226 236 242 248 253 255 259 263 92 93 169 187 203 215 227 237 243 249 254 256 260 265 93 94 170 188 203 216 228 238 244 250 255 257 261 265 94 95 171 189 204 217 229 239 245 252 257 258 262 266 95 96 172 190 205 218 230 241 246 253 258 260 262 268 96 97 174 191 207 220 232 243 248 255 259 261 265 270 97 98 176 193 209 222 234 245 250 257 262 264 267 272 98 99 180 196 212 226 237 249 254 261 266 267 270 275 99 Shaded cells are based on samples that were NOT stratified to reflect the U.S. school age population. Italized cell entries are interpolated values.

144 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Northwest Evaluation Association End of School Year MATHEMATICS RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion %ile Kdgn Grd 1 Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 Grd 11 %ile 1 136 141 166 172 177 180 182 184 187 187 189 191 1 2 137 146 168 175 181 186 188 190 193 193 195 196 2 3 138 149 170 178 184 189 192 194 196 197 198 200 3 4 138 151 171 179 186 191 194 196 199 199 202 202 4 5 139 153 172 181 188 193 196 198 201 202 203 205 5 6 140 155 173 182 189 195 198 200 203 203 205 209 6 7 140 157 174 183 191 196 199 202 205 205 207 211 7 8 141 158 174 184 192 198 201 203 206 207 209 212 8 9 142 159 175 185 193 199 202 204 208 208 210 213 9 10 142 160 176 186 194 200 203 206 209 209 212 214 10 11 143 161 176 187 195 201 204 207 210 210 213 216 11 12 143 162 177 188 195 201 205 208 211 212 214 217 12 13 144 162 177 188 196 202 206 209 212 213 216 218 13 14 144 163 178 189 197 203 206 210 213 214 217 219 14 15 145 164 178 190 197 204 207 210 214 215 218 220 15 16 145 165 179 190 198 204 208 211 215 216 219 221 16 17 146 165 179 191 199 205 209 212 216 217 220 222 17 18 146 166 180 191 199 205 209 213 217 218 221 223 18 19 147 166 180 192 200 206 210 213 218 218 221 224 19 20 147 167 181 192 200 207 211 214 218 219 222 224 20 21 148 168 181 193 201 207 211 215 219 220 223 225 21 22 148 168 181 193 201 208 212 216 220 221 224 226 22 23 149 169 182 194 202 208 212 216 221 222 225 227 23 24 149 169 182 194 202 209 213 217 221 222 225 228 24 25 149 169 183 195 203 209 214 217 222 223 226 228 25 26 150 170 183 195 203 210 214 218 222 224 227 229 26 27 150 170 183 195 203 210 215 219 223 224 227 230 27 28 150 171 184 196 204 211 215 219 224 225 228 230 28 29 151 171 184 196 204 211 216 220 224 225 228 231 29 30 151 171 184 197 205 211 216 220 225 226 229 232 30 31 151 172 185 197 205 212 217 221 225 226 230 232 31 32 152 172 185 197 205 212 217 221 226 227 230 233 32 33 152 172 185 198 206 213 218 222 226 228 231 233 33 34 153 173 186 198 206 213 218 222 227 228 231 234 34 35 153 173 186 198 206 214 219 223 227 229 232 234 35 36 153 173 187 199 207 214 219 223 228 229 232 235 36 37 154 174 187 199 207 214 219 224 228 230 233 235 37 38 154 174 187 199 207 215 220 224 229 230 233 236 38 39 154 174 187 200 208 215 220 225 229 231 234 236 39 40 155 175 188 200 208 216 221 225 230 231 234 237 40 41 155 175 188 200 208 216 221 226 230 232 235 237 41 42 156 175 189 200 209 217 222 226 231 232 235 238 42 43 156 176 189 201 209 217 222 227 231 233 236 238 43 44 156 176 189 201 209 217 222 227 232 233 236 239 44 45 157 176 189 201 210 218 223 228 232 233 237 239 45 46 157 177 190 202 210 218 223 228 233 234 237 240 46 47 157 177 190 202 210 219 224 229 233 234 238 240 47 48 157 177 190 202 211 219 224 229 233 235 238 241 48 49 158 177 191 203 211 219 225 229 234 235 239 241 49 50 158 178 191 203 211 220 225 230 234 236 239 241 50 Shaded cells are based on samples that were NOT stratified to reflect the U.S. school age population.

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 145 Northwest Evaluation Association End of School Year MATHEMATICS RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion %ile Kdgn Grd 1 Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 Grd 11 %ile 51 158 178 191 203 212 220 225 230 235 236 239 242 51 52 159 178 192 203 212 221 226 231 235 236 240 242 52 53 159 179 192 204 213 221 226 231 236 237 240 243 53 54 159 179 192 204 213 221 227 231 236 237 241 243 54 55 160 179 193 204 213 222 227 232 236 238 241 244 55 56 160 179 193 204 214 222 227 232 237 238 242 244 56 57 160 180 193 205 214 223 228 233 237 239 242 245 57 58 161 180 194 205 214 223 228 233 238 239 242 245 58 59 161 180 194 205 215 223 229 233 238 239 243 245 59 60 161 181 194 206 215 224 229 234 238 240 243 246 60 61 162 181 194 206 215 224 229 234 239 240 244 247 61 62 162 181 195 206 216 225 230 235 239 241 244 247 62 63 162 182 195 207 216 225 230 235 240 241 245 248 63 64 163 182 195 207 216 225 231 236 240 242 245 248 64 65 163 182 196 207 217 226 231 236 240 242 246 248 65 66 163 183 196 207 217 226 231 236 241 242 246 249 66 67 164 183 196 208 218 227 232 237 241 243 247 249 67 68 164 183 197 208 218 227 232 237 242 243 247 250 68 69 164 184 197 208 218 227 233 238 242 244 248 250 69 70 165 184 197 209 219 228 233 238 243 244 248 251 70 71 165 184 198 209 219 228 233 238 243 245 248 251 71 72 165 185 198 209 220 229 234 239 244 245 249 252 72 73 166 185 198 210 220 229 234 239 244 246 249 252 73 74 166 185 199 210 220 229 235 240 245 246 250 253 74 75 167 185 199 210 221 230 235 240 245 247 250 253 75 76 167 186 199 211 221 230 236 241 246 247 251 254 76 77 167 186 200 211 222 231 236 241 246 248 251 254 77 78 168 187 200 212 222 231 236 242 246 248 252 254 78 79 168 187 200 212 223 232 237 242 247 249 252 255 79 80 169 187 201 212 223 232 237 243 248 249 253 255 80 81 169 188 201 213 224 233 238 243 248 250 253 256 81 82 169 188 201 213 224 233 238 244 249 250 254 257 82 83 170 189 202 214 225 234 239 244 249 251 255 257 83 84 170 189 202 214 225 234 239 245 250 251 255 258 84 85 171 189 203 215 226 235 240 246 250 252 256 258 85 86 171 190 203 215 226 235 240 246 251 253 257 259 86 87 172 190 204 216 227 236 241 247 252 253 257 260 87 88 172 191 204 216 228 237 242 248 252 254 258 261 88 89 173 191 205 217 228 238 242 248 253 255 259 261 89 90 174 192 205 218 229 238 243 249 254 256 259 262 90 91 174 193 206 218 230 239 244 250 255 256 260 264 91 92 175 193 207 219 230 240 245 251 255 257 261 264 92 93 176 194 207 220 231 241 246 252 256 258 262 266 93 94 177 195 208 221 232 242 247 253 257 260 263 266 94 95 178 196 209 222 234 243 248 254 259 261 264 267 95 96 179 197 210 224 235 245 249 255 260 262 266 269 96 97 181 198 212 225 237 246 251 257 262 264 268 271 97 98 183 200 214 227 239 249 253 259 264 267 270 274 98 99 187 203 217 231 242 252 257 263 268 271 274 277 99 Shaded cells are based on samples that were NOT stratified to reflect the U.S. school age population.

146 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Northwest Evaluation Association Beginning of School Year GENERAL SCIENCE RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion %ile Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 %ile 1 172 173 176 178 179 180 181 183 184 1 2 172 174 177 180 181 183 185 185 187 2 3 173 175 179 181 183 185 187 187 190 3 4 173 176 180 183 185 187 188 190 192 4 5 173 177 181 184 186 188 190 191 193 5 6 174 177 181 185 187 189 191 193 194 6 7 174 178 182 185 188 190 192 194 196 7 8 174 178 183 186 189 191 193 195 197 8 9 174 179 183 187 189 192 194 196 198 9 10 175 179 184 187 190 193 195 197 199 10 11 175 180 184 188 191 193 196 197 200 11 12 175 180 185 188 191 194 196 198 200 12 13 176 181 185 189 192 195 197 199 201 13 14 176 181 186 189 192 195 198 200 202 14 15 176 181 186 190 193 196 198 200 202 15 16 176 182 186 190 193 196 199 201 203 16 17 177 182 187 191 194 197 199 201 204 17 18 177 182 187 191 194 197 200 202 204 18 19 177 183 188 192 195 198 200 202 205 19 20 177 183 188 192 195 198 201 203 205 20 21 178 183 188 192 196 199 201 203 206 21 22 178 184 189 193 196 199 202 204 206 22 23 178 184 189 193 197 200 202 204 207 23 24 178 184 189 194 197 200 203 205 207 24 25 179 184 189 194 197 200 203 205 207 25 26 179 185 190 194 198 201 203 205 208 26 27 179 185 190 195 198 201 204 206 208 27 28 179 185 190 195 198 201 204 206 209 28 29 179 186 191 195 199 202 204 207 209 29 30 180 186 191 196 199 202 205 207 209 30 31 180 186 191 196 199 202 205 207 210 31 32 180 186 192 196 200 203 206 208 210 32 33 180 187 192 196 200 203 206 208 210 33 34 181 187 192 197 200 203 206 208 211 34 35 181 187 192 197 201 204 207 209 211 35 36 181 187 193 197 201 204 207 209 211 36 37 181 188 193 198 201 204 207 209 212 37 38 182 188 193 198 201 205 208 210 212 38 39 182 188 193 198 202 205 208 210 213 39 40 182 188 194 199 202 205 208 210 213 40 41 182 189 194 199 202 206 209 211 213 41 42 182 189 194 199 203 206 209 211 214 42 43 182 189 195 199 203 206 209 211 214 43 44 183 189 195 200 203 207 209 211 214 44 45 183 189 195 200 204 207 210 212 214 45 46 183 190 195 200 204 207 210 212 215 46 47 183 190 196 201 204 207 210 212 215 47 48 183 190 196 201 204 208 211 213 215 48 49 184 190 196 201 205 208 211 213 216 49 50 184 191 196 201 205 208 211 213 216 50

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 147 Northwest Evaluation Association Beginning of School Year GENERAL SCIENCE RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion %ile Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 %ile 51 184 191 197 202 205 208 211 214 216 51 52 184 191 197 202 205 209 212 214 217 52 53 184 191 197 202 206 209 212 214 217 53 54 185 192 198 202 206 209 212 214 217 54 55 185 192 198 203 206 210 213 215 218 55 56 185 192 198 203 206 210 213 215 218 56 57 185 192 198 203 207 210 213 215 218 57 58 186 193 199 203 207 210 213 216 218 58 59 186 193 199 204 207 211 214 216 219 59 60 186 193 199 204 207 211 214 216 219 60 61 186 193 199 204 208 211 214 216 219 61 62 186 193 200 205 208 212 215 217 219 62 63 187 194 200 205 208 212 215 217 220 63 64 187 194 200 205 209 212 215 217 220 64 65 187 194 200 205 209 212 216 218 220 65 66 187 195 201 206 209 213 216 218 221 66 67 188 195 201 206 210 213 216 218 221 67 68 188 195 201 206 210 213 216 218 221 68 69 188 195 202 206 210 214 217 219 221 69 70 188 196 202 207 210 214 217 219 222 70 71 189 196 202 207 211 214 217 219 222 71 72 189 196 203 207 211 215 218 220 223 72 73 189 196 203 208 211 215 218 220 223 73 74 189 197 203 208 212 215 218 220 223 74 75 190 197 203 208 212 216 219 221 224 75 76 190 197 204 209 212 216 219 221 224 76 77 190 198 204 209 213 216 219 221 224 77 78 190 198 204 209 213 217 220 222 225 78 79 191 198 205 210 213 217 220 222 225 79 80 191 199 205 210 214 217 221 222 225 80 81 191 199 205 210 214 218 221 223 226 81 82 192 199 206 211 214 218 221 223 226 82 83 192 200 206 211 215 218 222 224 226 83 84 193 200 207 212 215 219 222 224 227 84 85 193 201 207 212 216 219 223 224 227 85 86 193 201 207 213 216 220 223 225 228 86 87 194 201 208 213 217 220 223 225 228 87 88 194 202 208 214 217 221 224 226 229 88 89 195 203 209 214 218 221 224 226 229 89 90 195 203 209 215 218 222 225 227 230 90 91 196 204 210 215 219 222 225 227 230 91 92 197 204 211 216 219 223 226 228 231 92 93 197 205 211 217 220 224 227 228 231 93 94 198 206 212 217 221 224 228 229 232 94 95 199 207 213 218 222 225 228 230 233 95 96 200 208 214 219 223 226 229 231 234 96 97 202 209 216 221 224 227 230 232 235 97 98 203 211 217 222 225 229 232 234 236 98 99 207 214 220 225 228 231 234 236 238 99

148 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Northwest Evaluation Association Middle of School Year GENERAL SCIENCE RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion (Interpolated) %ile Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 %ile 1 173 175 177 179 180 181 182 184 185 1 2 174 176 179 181 182 184 186 186 187 2 3 175 177 181 183 184 186 188 188 191 3 4 175 178 182 185 186 188 189 190 193 4 5 175 179 183 186 187 189 190 191 194 5 6 176 180 183 187 188 190 192 193 195 6 7 176 180 184 187 189 191 193 194 197 7 8 176 181 185 188 190 192 194 195 198 8 9 177 181 185 189 191 193 195 196 199 9 10 177 182 186 189 191 194 196 197 200 10 11 178 182 186 190 192 194 197 198 201 11 12 178 183 187 190 193 195 197 198 201 12 13 178 183 187 191 193 196 198 199 202 13 14 179 184 188 191 194 196 199 200 203 14 15 179 184 188 192 194 197 199 200 203 15 16 179 184 189 192 195 197 200 201 204 16 17 180 185 189 193 195 198 200 201 205 17 18 180 185 189 193 196 198 201 202 205 18 19 180 185 190 194 196 199 201 202 206 19 20 180 186 190 194 197 199 202 203 206 20 21 181 186 190 194 197 200 202 203 207 21 22 181 186 191 195 198 200 203 204 207 22 23 181 187 191 195 198 201 203 204 208 23 24 181 187 192 196 199 201 204 205 208 24 25 182 187 192 196 199 201 204 205 209 25 26 182 188 192 196 199 202 205 206 209 26 27 182 188 193 197 200 202 205 206 210 27 28 182 188 193 197 200 202 205 207 210 28 29 182 188 193 197 200 203 206 207 210 29 30 183 189 193 198 201 203 206 208 211 30 31 183 189 194 198 201 203 206 208 211 31 32 183 189 194 198 201 204 207 208 212 32 33 183 190 194 199 202 204 207 209 212 33 34 184 190 195 199 202 204 207 209 212 34 35 184 190 195 199 202 205 208 210 213 35 36 184 190 195 199 202 205 208 210 213 36 37 184 191 196 200 203 205 208 210 214 37 38 185 191 196 200 203 206 209 211 214 38 39 185 191 196 200 203 206 209 211 214 39 40 185 191 196 201 204 206 209 211 214 40 41 185 192 197 201 204 207 210 211 215 41 42 185 192 197 201 204 207 210 212 215 42 43 185 192 197 201 205 207 210 212 215 43 44 186 192 197 202 205 208 211 212 215 44 45 186 192 198 202 205 208 211 213 216 45 46 186 193 198 202 205 208 211 213 216 46 47 186 193 198 203 206 208 212 213 216 47 48 186 193 198 203 206 209 212 214 217 48 49 187 193 199 203 206 209 212 214 217 49 50 187 194 199 203 207 209 212 214 217 50

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 149 Northwest Evaluation Association Middle of School Year GENERAL SCIENCE RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion (Interpolated) %ile Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 %ile 51 187 194 199 204 207 210 213 215 218 51 52 187 194 199 204 207 210 213 215 218 52 53 187 194 200 204 207 210 213 215 218 53 54 188 195 200 204 208 210 214 215 219 54 55 188 195 200 205 208 211 214 216 219 55 56 188 195 200 205 208 211 214 216 219 56 57 188 195 201 205 208 211 214 216 219 57 58 189 196 201 205 209 212 215 217 219 58 59 189 196 201 206 209 212 215 217 220 59 60 189 196 201 206 209 212 215 217 220 60 61 189 196 202 206 210 213 216 217 220 61 62 189 196 202 207 210 213 216 218 221 62 63 190 197 202 207 210 213 216 218 221 63 64 190 197 203 207 210 213 216 218 221 64 65 190 197 203 207 211 214 217 219 221 65 66 190 198 203 208 211 214 217 219 222 66 67 191 198 203 208 211 214 217 219 222 67 68 191 198 204 208 212 215 218 219 222 68 69 191 198 204 208 212 215 218 220 223 69 70 191 199 204 209 212 215 218 220 223 70 71 192 199 205 209 212 216 219 220 223 71 72 192 199 205 209 213 216 219 221 224 72 73 192 199 205 210 213 216 219 221 224 73 74 192 200 206 210 213 217 220 221 224 74 75 193 200 206 210 214 217 220 222 225 75 76 193 200 206 211 214 217 220 222 225 76 77 193 201 207 211 214 218 221 222 225 77 78 193 201 207 211 215 218 221 223 226 78 79 194 201 207 212 215 218 221 223 226 79 80 194 202 208 212 215 219 222 223 226 80 81 194 202 208 212 216 219 222 224 227 81 82 195 202 208 213 216 219 222 224 227 82 83 195 203 209 213 217 220 223 225 227 83 84 196 203 209 214 217 220 223 225 228 84 85 196 204 209 214 217 221 224 225 228 85 86 196 204 210 215 218 221 224 226 229 86 87 197 204 210 215 218 222 224 226 229 87 88 197 205 211 216 219 222 225 227 230 88 89 198 206 211 216 219 222 225 227 230 89 90 198 206 212 217 220 223 226 228 231 90 91 199 207 213 217 220 223 226 228 231 91 92 200 207 213 218 221 224 227 229 232 92 93 200 208 214 219 222 225 228 229 232 93 94 201 209 215 219 222 226 229 230 233 94 95 202 210 216 220 223 226 229 231 234 95 96 203 211 217 221 224 227 230 232 235 96 97 204 212 218 223 225 228 231 233 236 97 98 206 214 219 224 227 230 233 235 237 98 99 209 217 222 227 229 233 235 237 240 99

150 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Northwest Evaluation Association End of School Year GENERAL SCIENCE RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion %ile Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 %ile 1 174 177 178 180 181 181 183 184 185 1 2 175 178 181 182 183 185 186 186 187 2 3 176 179 182 184 185 187 188 188 191 3 4 176 180 183 186 187 188 190 190 193 4 5 177 181 184 187 188 189 190 191 194 5 6 178 182 185 188 189 191 193 193 196 6 7 178 182 186 189 190 192 194 194 197 7 8 178 183 186 189 191 192 195 195 199 8 9 179 183 187 190 192 193 196 196 200 9 10 179 184 188 191 192 194 197 197 200 10 11 180 184 188 191 193 195 198 198 201 11 12 180 185 189 192 194 195 198 198 202 12 13 180 185 189 193 194 196 199 199 202 13 14 181 186 190 193 195 197 200 200 203 14 15 181 186 190 194 195 197 200 200 204 15 16 181 186 191 194 196 198 201 201 205 16 17 182 187 191 195 196 198 201 201 205 17 18 182 187 191 195 197 199 202 202 206 18 19 182 187 192 195 197 199 202 202 207 19 20 182 188 192 196 198 200 203 203 207 20 21 183 188 192 196 198 200 203 203 207 21 22 183 188 193 197 199 201 204 204 208 22 23 183 189 193 197 199 201 204 204 209 23 24 183 189 194 198 200 202 205 205 209 24 25 184 189 194 198 200 202 205 205 210 25 26 184 190 194 198 200 202 206 206 210 26 27 184 190 195 199 201 203 206 206 211 27 28 184 190 195 199 201 203 206 207 211 28 29 185 190 195 199 201 204 207 207 211 29 30 185 191 195 200 202 204 207 208 212 30 31 185 191 196 200 202 204 207 208 212 31 32 185 191 196 200 202 205 208 208 213 32 33 186 192 196 201 203 205 208 209 213 33 34 186 192 197 201 203 205 208 209 213 34 35 186 192 197 201 203 206 209 210 214 35 36 186 192 197 201 203 206 209 210 214 36 37 187 193 198 202 204 206 209 210 215 37 38 187 193 198 202 204 207 210 211 215 38 39 187 193 198 202 204 207 210 211 215 39 40 187 194 198 203 205 207 210 211 215 40 41 187 194 199 203 205 208 211 211 216 41 42 188 194 199 203 205 208 211 212 216 42 43 188 194 199 203 206 208 211 212 216 43 44 188 195 199 204 206 208 212 212 216 44 45 188 195 200 204 206 209 212 213 217 45 46 189 195 200 204 206 209 212 213 217 46 47 189 195 200 204 207 209 213 213 217 47 48 189 196 200 205 207 210 213 214 218 48 49 189 196 201 205 207 210 213 214 218 49 50 189 196 201 205 208 210 213 214 218 50

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 151 Northwest Evaluation Association End of School Year GENERAL SCIENCE RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion %ile Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 %ile 51 190 196 201 206 208 211 214 215 219 51 52 190 197 201 206 208 211 214 215 219 52 53 190 197 202 206 208 211 214 215 219 53 54 190 197 202 206 209 211 215 215 220 54 55 190 197 202 207 209 212 215 216 220 55 56 191 198 202 207 209 212 215 216 220 56 57 191 198 203 207 209 212 215 216 220 57 58 191 198 203 207 210 213 216 217 220 58 59 191 198 203 208 210 213 216 217 221 59 60 191 199 203 208 210 213 216 217 221 60 61 192 199 204 208 211 214 217 218 222 61 62 192 199 204 208 211 214 217 218 222 62 63 192 199 204 209 211 214 217 218 222 63 64 192 200 205 209 211 214 217 219 222 64 65 193 200 205 209 212 215 218 219 222 65 66 193 200 205 210 212 215 218 219 223 66 67 193 200 205 210 212 215 218 220 223 67 68 193 201 206 210 213 216 219 220 223 68 69 193 201 206 210 213 216 219 220 224 69 70 194 201 206 211 213 216 219 220 224 70 71 194 202 207 211 213 217 220 221 224 71 72 194 202 207 211 214 217 220 221 224 72 73 195 202 207 212 214 217 220 221 224 73 74 195 202 208 212 214 218 221 222 225 74 75 195 203 208 212 215 218 221 222 225 75 76 195 203 208 212 215 218 221 222 226 76 77 196 203 209 213 215 219 222 223 226 77 78 196 204 209 213 216 219 222 223 226 78 79 196 204 209 214 216 219 222 223 226 79 80 197 204 210 214 216 220 223 224 227 80 81 197 205 210 214 217 220 223 224 227 81 82 197 205 210 215 217 220 223 225 227 82 83 198 205 211 215 218 221 224 225 228 83 84 198 206 211 216 218 221 224 225 228 84 85 198 206 211 216 218 222 225 226 228 85 86 199 207 212 216 219 222 225 226 229 86 87 199 207 212 217 219 223 225 227 229 87 88 200 208 213 217 220 223 226 227 230 88 89 200 208 213 218 220 223 226 228 230 89 90 201 209 214 218 221 224 227 228 231 90 91 201 209 215 219 221 224 227 229 232 91 92 202 210 215 220 222 225 228 229 232 92 93 203 210 216 220 223 226 229 230 233 93 94 204 211 217 221 223 227 229 231 234 94 95 204 212 218 222 224 227 230 231 235 95 96 205 213 219 223 225 228 231 232 236 96 97 206 215 220 224 226 229 232 234 237 97 98 208 216 221 226 228 231 234 235 238 98 99 211 219 224 228 230 234 236 237 242 99

152 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Northwest Evaluation Association Beginning of School Year SCIENCE CONCEPTS AND PROCESSES RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion %ile Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 %ile 1 167 169 173 175 176 179 179 181 182 1 2 168 170 175 178 179 182 183 184 186 2 3 168 171 176 180 182 185 186 186 189 3 4 169 172 177 181 184 186 188 190 191 4 5 169 173 178 182 185 188 190 191 193 5 6 169 174 179 184 186 189 191 193 194 6 7 170 175 180 185 187 190 192 194 195 7 8 170 175 181 185 188 191 193 195 196 8 9 170 176 181 186 189 192 194 196 197 9 10 170 176 182 187 190 193 195 197 198 10 11 171 177 183 187 191 193 196 197 199 11 12 171 177 183 188 191 194 196 198 199 12 13 171 178 184 188 192 195 197 199 200 13 14 171 178 184 189 192 195 198 199 201 14 15 172 179 185 189 193 196 198 200 201 15 16 172 179 185 190 193 196 199 200 202 16 17 172 179 186 190 194 197 199 201 202 17 18 172 180 186 191 194 197 200 201 203 18 19 173 180 186 191 195 198 200 202 204 19 20 173 181 187 192 195 198 201 202 204 20 21 173 181 187 192 195 198 201 203 205 21 22 173 181 188 192 196 199 201 203 205 22 23 174 182 188 193 196 199 202 203 205 23 24 174 182 188 193 196 200 202 204 206 24 25 174 182 189 193 197 200 203 204 206 25 26 174 183 189 194 197 200 203 205 206 26 27 175 183 189 194 198 201 203 205 207 27 28 175 183 189 194 198 201 204 205 207 28 29 175 184 190 194 198 202 204 206 208 29 30 175 184 190 195 199 202 204 206 208 30 31 176 184 190 195 199 202 205 206 208 31 32 176 185 191 195 199 202 205 207 209 32 33 176 185 191 196 200 203 205 207 209 33 34 176 185 191 196 200 203 206 207 209 34 35 177 185 191 196 200 203 206 208 210 35 36 177 186 192 197 200 204 206 208 210 36 37 177 186 192 197 201 204 206 208 210 37 38 177 186 192 197 201 204 207 209 211 38 39 177 186 193 197 201 204 207 209 211 39 40 178 187 193 198 202 205 207 209 211 40 41 178 187 193 198 202 205 208 210 211 41 42 178 187 193 198 202 205 208 210 212 42 43 178 187 194 199 202 205 208 210 212 43 44 179 188 194 199 203 206 209 210 212 44 45 179 188 194 199 203 206 209 211 213 45 46 179 188 194 199 203 206 209 211 213 46 47 180 188 195 200 203 207 209 211 213 47 48 180 189 195 200 204 207 210 212 213 48 49 180 189 195 200 204 207 210 212 214 49 50 180 189 195 200 204 207 210 212 214 50

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 153 Northwest Evaluation Association Beginning of School Year SCIENCE CONCEPTS AND PROCESSES RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion %ile Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 %ile 51 180 189 196 201 204 208 210 212 214 51 52 181 190 196 201 205 208 211 213 215 52 53 181 190 196 201 205 208 211 213 215 53 54 181 190 196 201 205 208 211 213 215 54 55 181 190 197 202 205 209 212 214 215 55 56 182 191 197 202 206 209 212 214 216 56 57 182 191 197 202 206 209 212 214 216 57 58 182 191 197 202 206 209 212 214 216 58 59 183 191 198 203 206 210 213 215 217 59 60 183 192 198 203 207 210 213 215 217 60 61 183 192 198 203 207 210 213 215 217 61 62 183 192 198 204 207 211 213 215 217 62 63 184 192 199 204 207 211 214 216 218 63 64 184 193 199 204 208 211 214 216 218 64 65 184 193 199 204 208 211 214 216 218 65 66 184 193 199 205 208 212 215 216 219 66 67 185 194 200 205 209 212 215 217 219 67 68 185 194 200 205 209 212 215 217 219 68 69 185 194 200 205 209 213 216 217 220 69 70 186 194 201 206 209 213 216 218 220 70 71 186 195 201 206 210 213 216 218 220 71 72 186 195 201 206 210 214 217 218 221 72 73 187 195 201 206 210 214 217 219 221 73 74 187 195 202 207 211 214 217 219 221 74 75 187 196 202 207 211 215 218 219 221 75 76 188 196 202 207 211 215 218 220 222 76 77 188 196 203 208 212 215 218 220 222 77 78 188 197 203 208 212 215 219 220 222 78 79 189 197 203 208 212 216 219 221 223 79 80 189 197 204 209 213 216 219 221 223 80 81 189 198 204 209 213 217 220 221 223 81 82 190 198 204 209 213 217 220 222 224 82 83 190 199 205 210 214 217 220 222 224 83 84 191 199 205 210 214 218 221 223 225 84 85 191 199 205 210 215 218 221 223 225 85 86 191 200 206 211 215 219 222 223 226 86 87 192 200 206 211 215 219 222 224 226 87 88 192 201 207 212 216 220 223 224 226 88 89 193 201 207 212 217 220 223 225 227 89 90 193 202 208 213 217 221 224 225 227 90 91 194 202 208 213 218 221 224 226 228 91 92 194 203 209 214 218 222 225 227 228 92 93 195 204 209 215 219 223 226 227 229 93 94 196 204 210 215 220 223 227 228 230 94 95 196 205 211 216 221 224 227 229 231 95 96 197 206 212 217 222 225 228 230 232 96 97 198 207 213 219 223 226 230 231 233 97 98 200 209 215 220 224 228 231 232 235 98 99 202 212 218 223 227 230 233 235 237 99

154 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Northwest Evaluation Association Middle of School Year SCIENCE CONCEPTS AND PROCESSES RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion (Interpolated) %ile Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 %ile 1 169 171 174 176 177 179 180 182 183 1 2 170 173 177 179 181 183 183 184 187 2 3 170 174 178 182 183 186 186 187 189 3 4 171 175 179 183 185 187 189 190 191 4 5 171 176 181 184 187 189 191 191 193 5 6 172 177 182 186 188 190 192 193 195 6 7 172 178 183 187 189 191 193 194 196 7 8 173 178 183 187 189 192 194 195 197 8 9 173 179 184 188 190 193 195 196 198 9 10 173 179 185 189 191 194 196 197 199 10 11 174 180 185 189 192 194 197 198 200 11 12 174 180 186 190 192 195 197 199 200 12 13 174 181 186 190 193 196 198 199 201 13 14 174 181 187 191 193 196 199 200 202 14 15 175 182 187 191 194 197 199 201 202 15 16 175 182 188 192 194 197 200 201 203 16 17 175 182 188 192 195 198 200 202 203 17 18 175 183 189 193 195 198 201 202 204 18 19 176 183 189 193 196 199 201 203 205 19 20 176 184 189 194 196 199 202 203 205 20 21 176 184 190 194 196 199 202 204 206 21 22 177 184 190 194 197 200 202 204 206 22 23 177 185 190 195 197 200 203 204 206 23 24 177 185 191 195 198 201 203 205 207 24 25 178 185 191 195 198 201 204 205 207 25 26 178 186 191 196 198 201 204 206 208 26 27 178 186 192 196 199 202 204 206 208 27 28 179 186 192 196 199 202 205 206 208 28 29 179 187 192 196 199 203 205 207 209 29 30 179 187 193 197 200 203 205 207 209 30 31 179 187 193 197 200 203 206 207 209 31 32 180 188 193 197 200 203 206 208 210 32 33 180 188 193 198 201 204 206 208 210 33 34 180 188 194 198 201 204 207 208 211 34 35 181 188 194 198 201 204 207 209 211 35 36 181 189 194 199 202 205 207 209 211 36 37 181 189 195 199 202 205 207 209 212 37 38 181 189 195 199 202 205 208 210 212 38 39 181 189 195 199 202 205 208 210 212 39 40 182 190 195 200 203 206 208 210 213 40 41 182 190 196 200 203 206 209 210 213 41 42 182 190 196 200 203 206 209 211 213 42 43 182 190 196 201 203 206 209 211 213 43 44 183 191 196 201 204 207 210 211 214 44 45 183 191 197 201 204 207 210 212 214 45 46 183 191 197 201 204 207 210 212 214 46 47 183 191 197 202 204 208 210 212 215 47 48 184 192 197 202 205 208 211 212 215 48 49 184 192 198 202 205 208 211 213 215 49 50 184 192 198 202 205 208 211 213 215 50

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 155 Northwest Evaluation Association Middle of School Year SCIENCE CONCEPTS AND PROCESSES RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion (Interpolated) %ile Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 %ile 51 184 192 198 203 205 209 211 213 216 51 52 185 193 198 203 206 209 212 213 216 52 53 185 193 199 203 206 209 212 214 216 53 54 185 193 199 203 206 209 212 214 217 54 55 185 193 199 204 206 210 213 214 217 55 56 185 194 199 204 207 210 213 215 217 56 57 186 194 200 204 207 210 213 215 217 57 58 186 194 200 204 207 210 213 215 217 58 59 186 194 200 205 207 211 214 215 218 59 60 186 195 200 205 208 211 214 216 218 60 61 187 195 201 205 208 211 214 216 218 61 62 187 195 201 206 208 212 214 216 219 62 63 187 195 201 206 209 212 215 217 219 63 64 187 196 201 206 209 212 215 217 219 64 65 188 196 202 206 209 212 215 217 219 65 66 188 196 202 207 209 213 216 217 220 66 67 188 197 202 207 210 213 216 218 220 67 68 188 197 202 207 210 213 216 218 220 68 69 189 197 203 207 210 214 217 218 221 69 70 189 197 203 208 210 214 217 219 221 70 71 189 198 203 208 211 214 217 219 221 71 72 189 198 203 208 211 215 218 219 222 72 73 190 198 204 208 211 215 218 219 222 73 74 190 198 204 209 212 215 218 220 222 74 75 190 199 204 209 212 216 219 220 222 75 76 191 199 205 209 212 216 219 220 223 76 77 191 199 205 210 213 216 219 221 223 77 78 191 200 205 210 213 216 220 221 223 78 79 192 200 205 210 213 217 220 221 224 79 80 192 200 206 211 214 217 220 222 224 80 81 192 201 206 211 214 218 221 222 224 81 82 193 201 206 211 214 218 221 223 225 82 83 193 202 207 212 215 218 221 223 225 83 84 194 202 207 212 215 219 222 223 225 84 85 194 202 208 212 216 219 222 224 226 85 86 194 203 208 213 216 220 223 224 227 86 87 195 203 208 213 216 220 223 225 227 87 88 195 204 209 214 217 221 224 225 227 88 89 196 204 209 214 218 221 224 226 228 89 90 196 205 210 215 218 222 225 226 228 90 91 197 205 211 215 219 222 225 227 229 91 92 197 206 211 216 219 223 226 227 229 92 93 198 207 212 217 220 224 227 228 230 93 94 199 207 213 217 221 224 227 229 231 94 95 199 208 214 218 222 225 228 229 232 95 96 200 209 215 219 223 226 229 230 232 96 97 201 210 216 221 224 227 230 231 234 97 98 203 212 217 222 225 229 231 233 236 98 99 205 215 220 225 228 231 234 235 237 99

156 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Northwest Evaluation Association End of School Year SCIENCE CONCEPTS AND PROCESSES RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion %ile Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 %ile 1 170 173 175 177 178 179 181 182 183 1 2 171 175 178 180 182 183 183 184 187 2 3 172 176 180 183 184 186 186 187 189 3 4 173 177 181 184 186 188 190 190 191 4 5 173 178 183 186 188 189 191 191 193 5 6 174 179 184 187 189 191 193 193 195 6 7 174 180 185 188 190 192 194 194 196 7 8 175 180 185 189 190 193 195 195 197 8 9 175 181 186 190 191 194 196 196 198 9 10 175 182 187 191 192 194 197 197 199 10 11 176 182 187 191 192 195 198 198 200 11 12 176 183 188 192 193 196 198 199 201 12 13 177 183 188 192 194 196 199 199 202 13 14 177 184 189 193 194 197 200 200 202 14 15 177 184 189 193 195 197 200 201 203 15 16 178 185 190 194 195 198 201 201 204 16 17 178 185 190 194 196 198 201 202 204 17 18 178 186 191 195 196 199 202 202 205 18 19 179 186 191 195 197 199 202 203 205 19 20 179 186 191 195 197 200 203 203 206 20 21 179 187 192 196 197 200 203 204 206 21 22 180 187 192 196 198 201 203 204 207 22 23 180 187 192 196 198 201 204 205 207 23 24 180 188 193 197 199 201 204 205 208 24 25 181 188 193 197 199 202 205 205 208 25 26 181 188 193 197 199 202 205 206 209 26 27 181 189 194 198 200 203 205 206 209 27 28 182 189 194 198 200 203 206 206 209 28 29 182 189 194 198 200 203 206 207 210 29 30 182 190 195 199 201 203 206 207 210 30 31 182 190 195 199 201 204 206 207 210 31 32 183 190 195 199 201 204 207 208 211 32 33 183 190 195 200 202 204 207 208 211 33 34 183 191 196 200 202 205 207 208 212 34 35 184 191 196 200 202 205 208 209 212 35 36 184 191 196 201 203 205 208 209 212 36 37 184 192 197 201 203 206 208 209 213 37 38 184 192 197 201 203 206 209 210 213 38 39 185 192 197 201 203 206 209 210 213 39 40 185 192 197 202 204 207 209 210 214 40 41 185 193 198 202 204 207 210 210 214 41 42 185 193 198 202 204 207 210 211 214 42 43 186 193 198 202 204 207 210 211 214 43 44 186 193 198 203 205 208 210 211 215 44 45 186 193 199 203 205 208 211 212 215 45 46 186 194 199 203 205 208 211 212 215 46 47 187 194 199 203 205 208 211 212 216 47 48 187 194 199 204 206 209 211 212 216 48 49 187 194 200 204 206 209 212 213 216 49 50 187 195 200 204 206 209 212 213 216 50

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 157 Northwest Evaluation Association End of School Year SCIENCE CONCEPTS AND PROCESSES RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion %ile Grd 2 Grd 3 Grd 4 Grd 5 Grd 6 Grd 7 Grd 8 Grd 9 Grd 10 %ile 51 187 195 200 204 206 209 212 213 217 51 52 188 195 200 205 207 210 212 213 217 52 53 188 195 201 205 207 210 213 214 217 53 54 188 196 201 205 207 210 213 214 218 54 55 188 196 201 205 208 210 213 214 218 55 56 188 196 201 206 208 211 214 215 218 56 57 189 196 202 206 208 211 214 215 218 57 58 189 197 202 206 208 211 214 215 218 58 59 189 197 202 206 208 211 214 215 219 59 60 189 197 202 207 209 212 215 216 219 60 61 190 197 203 207 209 212 215 216 219 61 62 190 198 203 207 209 212 215 216 220 62 63 190 198 203 207 210 213 215 217 220 63 64 190 198 203 208 210 213 216 217 220 64 65 191 198 204 208 210 213 216 217 220 65 66 191 199 204 208 210 213 216 217 220 66 67 191 199 204 208 211 214 217 218 221 67 68 191 199 204 209 211 214 217 218 221 68 69 192 200 205 209 211 214 217 218 221 69 70 192 200 205 209 211 215 217 219 221 70 71 192 200 205 209 212 215 218 219 221 71 72 192 200 205 210 212 215 218 219 222 72 73 193 201 206 210 212 216 218 219 222 73 74 193 201 206 210 213 216 219 220 222 74 75 193 201 206 211 213 216 219 220 223 75 76 193 202 207 211 213 216 219 220 223 76 77 194 202 207 211 213 217 220 221 223 77 78 194 202 207 212 214 217 220 221 224 78 79 194 203 207 212 214 217 220 221 224 79 80 195 203 208 212 214 218 221 222 224 80 81 195 203 208 213 215 218 221 222 225 81 82 195 204 208 213 215 219 221 223 225 82 83 196 204 209 213 216 219 222 223 225 83 84 196 204 209 214 216 219 222 223 225 84 85 196 205 210 214 216 220 222 224 226 85 86 197 205 210 214 217 220 223 224 227 86 87 197 205 210 215 217 221 223 225 227 87 88 198 206 211 215 218 221 224 225 227 88 89 198 206 211 216 218 222 224 226 228 89 90 199 207 212 216 219 222 225 226 229 90 91 199 207 213 217 219 223 225 227 229 91 92 200 208 213 218 220 224 226 227 229 92 93 201 209 214 218 221 224 227 228 230 93 94 201 209 215 219 222 225 227 229 231 94 95 202 210 216 220 222 226 228 229 232 95 96 203 211 217 221 223 227 229 230 232 96 97 204 213 218 222 225 228 230 231 234 97 98 205 215 219 224 226 230 231 233 236 98 99 208 218 222 226 229 232 234 235 237 99

158 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms Northwest Evaluation Association End of Course UPPER LEVEL MATHEMATICS RIT Score to Percentile Rank Conversion %ile Algebra 1 Geometry Algebra 2 %ile %ile Algebra 1 Geometry Algebra 2 %ile 1 212 213 215 1 51 248 254 256 51 2 216 217 222 2 52 249 254 256 52 3 219 220 227 3 53 249 254 256 53 4 221 221 229 4 54 249 255 257 54 5 223 224 230 5 55 250 255 257 55 6 225 226 231 6 56 250 255 257 56 7 228 228 233 7 57 250 256 258 57 8 229 229 235 8 58 250 256 258 58 9 230 231 237 9 59 251 256 258 59 10 231 233 238 10 60 251 256 258 60 11 232 233 239 11 61 251 257 258 61 12 233 234 240 12 62 252 257 259 62 13 233 235 241 13 63 252 257 259 63 14 234 236 242 14 64 252 257 259 64 15 234 237 243 15 65 252 258 260 65 16 235 237 244 16 66 253 258 260 66 17 236 238 245 17 67 253 258 260 67 18 236 239 245 18 68 253 259 260 68 19 237 240 246 19 69 254 259 261 69 20 237 240 246 20 70 254 259 261 70 21 238 241 247 21 71 254 260 261 71 22 238 241 247 22 72 254 260 262 72 23 238 242 248 23 73 255 260 262 73 24 239 243 248 24 74 255 261 262 74 25 239 243 248 25 75 255 261 262 75 26 240 244 249 26 76 255 261 263 76 27 240 244 249 27 77 256 262 263 77 28 241 245 249 28 78 256 262 264 78 29 241 245 250 29 79 256 262 264 79 30 241 246 250 30 80 257 263 264 80 31 242 246 250 31 81 257 263 264 81 32 242 246 251 32 82 257 264 265 82 33 242 247 251 33 83 258 264 265 83 34 243 247 252 34 84 258 265 265 84 35 243 247 252 35 85 259 265 266 85 36 244 248 252 36 86 259 266 266 86 37 244 248 252 37 87 259 266 267 87 38 244 249 252 38 88 260 267 267 88 39 245 249 253 39 89 260 268 268 89 40 245 250 253 40 90 261 268 268 90 41 245 250 253 41 91 261 269 269 91 42 246 250 254 42 92 262 270 271 92 43 246 251 254 43 93 263 270 270 93 44 246 251 254 44 94 264 271 272 94 45 247 252 254 45 95 265 272 272 95 46 247 252 255 46 96 266 273 273 96 47 247 252 255 47 97 267 275 276 97 48 247 253 255 48 98 269 276 277 98 49 248 253 255 49 99 272 278 279 99 50 248 253 256 50

NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms 159 APPENDIX B Transition from 2005 to 2008 Norms Norms created at different points in time for any behavior or type of performance are likely to vary. This will be the case even if all procedures are identical across studies. Much of the variation from one study to another is simply due to the fact that each study is dependent on the sample of people it used to develop its norms. The potential sources of sample differences are not hard to identify. They include factors such as changes in demographic makeup of school districts as well as changes in teaching methods, testing programs or school effectiveness. Differences between the 2008 RIT scale norming study results and those of the 2005 study can, of course, be attributed to the same types of sample differences that we observed for other norming studies. There is, however, an important difference between this study and the 2005 study that was not present when moving from the 2002 study to the 2005 study. This difference was the stratified random sampling that was used for reading, language usage, and mathematics in grades 2 through 11. In the 2005 study, all test events that were valid and met the inclusion criteria (virtually identical to those detailed in Chapter 2) were included. In the current study, the test events that met the inclusion criteria were further sampled to match the U.S. school-age population with respect to ethnicity and school level percentage of students eligible for free and reduced price lunch. In addition, the current study restricted the inclusion of test events to those that occurred in the defined time frames for beginning, middle, and end of the year relative to the district calendar that was in the student s district. These are fairly dramatic changes in the way the sample for status norms was determined compared to the procedures used for the 2005 study. In the face of these differences in procedures, we saw little reason to speculate as to the other sources of differences in the results. We expected to see differences between the 2008 norms and the 2005 norms that corresponded to these changes. The differences observed were quite modest. For beginning of year (fall) reading tests across grades 2-10, the 2008 norms were an average of.9 RITs higher (range.1 2.4 RITs) than the fall 2005 norms. For end of year (spring) reading tests, the 2008 norms were an average of.5 RITs higher (range -.5 1.4 RITs). In language usage, the beginning-of-year and end-of-year differences were of the same general size ( -.5 RITs) but the 2008 norms were slightly lower than the 2005 norms. Difference in mathematics status norms followed the pattern for reading but the average differences did not exceed.3 RITs. The grade level 2008 norms for reading and language

160 NWEA 2008 RIT Scale Norms usage were accompanied by 5% and 3% less variance, respectively, than the corresponding 2005 norms. Variance for mathematics between the two studies remained virtually the same across grades. From the standpoint of grade level distributions, the vast majority of differences between RITs at corresponding percentile ranks (2008 minus 2005) fell between -2 RITs and +2 RITs. Larger differences were noted mostly in the lower quartile of reading and language usage for grades 2 through 4. This was also the case for mathematics but was less pronounced. In all of these differences within the lower quartile, 2008 RITs were higher for the corresponding percentile rank. In grades 9 and 10, the 2008 RITs were associated with somewhat lower percentiles than the 2005 RITs. These were typically below the median and ranged from 1 to 2 RITs in reading, from 3 to 5 RITs in language, and from 3 to 4 RITs in mathematics. These differences are provided in a Microsoft Excel file (INTERACT Percentiles 2008.xlsx &.xls) that is available from NWEA. Average beginning-of-year to end-of-year (fall-to-spring), beginning-of-year to beginning-of-thenext-year (fall-to-fall), and end-of-year to end-of-the-next-year (spring-to-spring) growth differences were all less than.65 RITs across grades and were most frequently below.25 RITs. Within individual grade-content area combinations, the largest difference observed was 1.44 RITs for endof-grade 8 to end-of-grade 9 mathematics; growth was higher in the 2005 study. Given the changes from the 2005 norm study to the 2008 norm study, these differences seem neither unreasonable nor unexpected. The three elapsed calendar years, the change in the sample, and the change in the sample sculpting methodology had little impact on student performance and growth. The changes observed represent minor changes in a reference against which performance of an individual student or group of students is compared. What is important is that the underlying scale used to measure achievement remains invariant across time. This is a demonstrated characteristic of the RIT scales (Kingsbury, 2003). This means, for example, that a RIT score of 211 carries the same meaning regardless of when the test was taken, the grade level of the student who took it, and what set of norms were in place at the time. This characteristic allows us to measure student growth past a constant scale. The fact that little change in status and growth was noted between the 2005 study and the current study is not unexpected, since the sample sizes in each study are so large that a major change in education would be needed to affect the norms substantially. On the other hand, individual schools and districts show remarkable differences in how their students grow. While this is a fascinating story, it is one for another time.