Commands Review The following steps will be a review of commands to create the window below. AutoCAD Basic Commands Review 2 Settings The following steps assume you have set up your AutoCAD interface to the settings at Kirkwood. Use the AutoCAD Setup pdf if you need to set them up. Rectangle Click Home>Draw> Rectangle Notice if the cursor is paused on a command, a description appears. If the cursor remains pointing to the command, a more detailed tip is displayed. 3 4 Rectangle After the command is initiated type 0,0 3'4,5'2. this will create a rectangle with one corner in the origin and the other at 3'-4", 5'-2" You do not need to type inches because the default drawing unit has been set up as inches. Do not put a space in the entry. Spaces end the input. Notice how it shows up on the dynamic input bar You can toggle the bar on or off by pressing F12 or the button on the bottom of the screen. Offset The completed rectangle. Click Home>Modify>Offset or type O (does not need to be in the command line). Sometimes it is easier/quicker to type the command than use the ribbon. 5 6 1
Offset Notice the command line at the bottom. It has different options. Type 3/4. Offset Select the rectangle and click inside. The command bar asks to pick the next object. This command can be done multiple times. Press the ESC Key to get out of the command. 7 8 Properties The inner line should be red. This is changed by changing the layer the object is on. Properties This lists everything about the rectangle. Click on the Layer info and change to a-elev-lw01. The inner line is now red. Right click on the inner rectangle. Click Properties. 9 10 Properties Always make sure color and linetype are always ByLayer. Printing We are concerned with color because our print setup is color dependent. That is the color of the line will determine how thick the plotter will print the line - refer to the CAD Guide. We do not want the inner part of the window to be as thick as the outer edge so we choose red. 11 12 2
Properties We could also have changed the property by clicking on the green line and going to the Layer Manager pulldown and selecting the layer. There are many ways to get things done in AutoCAD. See which works best for you. Offset Press ENTER again to repeat the Offset command. Type 1-1/2 for the inner sash distance. You cannot use a space between the 1 and the 1/2 because it will end the command. You could have typed 1.5 as well. Press ENTER to end the command. This rectangle is red because the one we selected was red. 13 14 Object Snap We need to set the object snaps. Right clicking on the Object Snap button gives you a selection. Use the following settings. Click OK when done. Line Make a-elev-lw01 the current layer. Click Home>Draw> Line or type L. Notice as you get close to the middle of the inner rectangle, you get a midpoint snap. It is noted by a triangle. 15 You can toggle on snap settings by pressing F3 or the Object Snap at the bottom of the screen. 16 Line Draw the line across. This will be the bottom of our top sash. Move Click Draw>Modify>Move or type M and move the line down.75 Make sure ortho is turned on (F8). Ortho keeps items constrained in a horizontal or vertical direction. 17 18 3
Offset Use offset to create the width of the sash. Offset 1.5 Trim Click Draw>Modify>Trim or type TR notice the options on the command line. Press Enter for now to have all lines be cutting edges. Remove the lines that are not needed. 19 20 Explode We need to explode the top sash so it acts as separate lines instead of one continuous line. This will help us divide the line into thirds for the muntins. Rectangles are continuous polylines and since we offset a rectangle, we got another polyline. Divide Click Home>Draw(down triangle)>divide or type DIV Select the top horizontal inner sash. Type 3. Nodes were created that divided the top sash. Nodes do not print. Click Draw>Modify>Explode or type X upper sash. and select the 21 22 Nodes Click Home>Utilities>Point Style to see the node. Nodes do not print. You don't need to keep this setting. Line Draw lines from the nodes down and from the midpoint across. Erase the nodes (select and delete). The upper muntins are complete. Notice they are just lines. Depending on the final scale of the drawing this is acceptable. If it were a larger scale then we would draw both lines. 23 24 4
Copy Click Home>Modify>Copy. Select the muntins and click a point to copy from. Click again on the lower sash to copy to. Rectangle Set the current layer to 0. Draw the shutters. Click Home>Draw>Rectangle. Click the bottom right corner of the window. Hover near the top right and then move the mouse away from the window. Type 12 to get a 12" wide shutter. You could also have typed @12,5'2 Using the @ symbol makes it relative to where you click first. 25 26 Offset/Trim Offset the rectangle 2.5 for the border. Draw a line in the middle. Offset 1.25 top and bottom. Erase/trim unneeded lines. Block We will make the shutter a block since we will need a shutter on the other side. A block combines objects into a named set. They act as a single entity, making the file size smaller. These can be edited using block editor. Changes to one block affects all the instances of that block in a drawing. The elements in a block should be created in the 0 layer. can be shared with other drawings. 27 Attributed blocks can provide information that can be used to make schedules. See the slides at the end of this powerpoint 28 for more detail. Select Select the shutter. Use a window selection. To deselect items selected by mistake, use the SHIFT Key Block Click Home>Block>Create. Complete the dialog box as below. Going from left to right is a window selection. It only selects items that are fully within the window. Going from right to left is a crossing selection. It selects everything that 29 crosses the window. Click here first Then click here for the 30 insertion point 5
Block Use Home>Modify>Mirror to mirror the block. Click the top middle of the window and then click the bottom middle. The mirror of the shutter will appear on the other side of the window. Click on the bottom if it looks OK. Note the command line. The shutter block we made is only available in this drawing and not readily available to other ones. To make blocks available to other drawings don t use Make block instead use Insert >Block Definition>Create Block drop down>write Block or type W Notice the settings are similar except you need to give it a file name and path. The default is No so press Enter. This is what we want. 31 32 AutoCAD comes with some blocks predefined. They can be selected using Design Center. Click Insert>Content> Design Center. Click on the home button and navigate to the following drawing. Click on blocks. Block Editor Going back to the shutter We need to modify the block that was created. Double click on the shutter. Select the shutter block. 33 34 Block Editor New dialog box and tool palette appears. Let's trim out a line. It is good practice to not overlap lines. Since the left side of the block will always be next to a window, use Home>Modify>Trim to remove it. Hatch Click Home>Draw>Hatch for the vent lines. A new toolbar is displayed. Notice Block Editor ribbon is still available. 35 36 6
Hatch In properties group, click User Defined, angle 0, spacing 1.25, set origin to middle of vertical line of upper shutter. Pick an internal point. Make sure associative is off. Press Enter. Hatch Press Enter again to repeat the command. Click in the lower half of the shutter. Press Enter to finish the command. 37 38 Property Click on both hatched areas then right click and click properties. Notice the information about the hatch. Properties Typically we want all linetype and color to ALWAYS be ByLayer. There are some instances where this rule may need to be broken. Change the color to be color 9 so it doesn't print too dark. 39 40 Block Editor Close block editor and save the changes. Each instance of the block is automatically updated. Group Lets group the shutters together so they act as one item. First click the croup button then the objects. Click Home>Group>Group or type GROUP Type n to name the group Type Shutters and press Enter. Click the shutters and press Enter. 41 42 7
Group Click one shutter. Both are selected. Change the layer to a-elev-lw01. Using groups is a quick way to select items. 43 Groups To deselect the group click the box. The behavior when selecting a group is controllable using the groups dialog box by modifying the checkbox marked selectable. You can also type PICKSTYLE One of the main advantages of using a group instead of a block is that you are free to include the same entity in more than one group. So, if a certain set of entities belong to more than one commonly selected group of entities, you can just create the two (or more) groups that contain the same set of entities (and whatever other entities are relevant to that group), and you re now able to select the entire set by clicking on only one of the entities, as you would with a block. 44 Groups vs Groups and blocks behave very similarly. Rectangle Set layer to a-elev-lw01. Create a rectangle under the window for the brick sill. A group is a saved set of objects that you can select and edit together or separately as needed. Each item is treated as a separate entity. Groups cannot be shared with other drawings. Grouping can be toggled on/off by pressing Ctrl+Shift+A or the button on the ribbon. A block also combines objects into a named set. They act as a single entity. These can be edited using block editor. Changes to one block affects all the instances of that block in a drawing. The elements in a block should be created in the 0 layer. can be shared with other drawings. 45 Click on the bottom left corner to start. Hover near the bottom right corner and then move the mouse down and away from the window. Type 4 to get a 4" wide rectangle. 46 Display Order Notice as we drew the brick sill, the bottom line of the window looks red. This is because the sill was drawn after and therefore on top. To change the order of the display click Home>Modify(down triangle)>draworder Click on the green rectangle of the window. Press Enter. Hatch Set layer to a-elev-lw09. In properties group, click User Defined, angle 90, spacing 8/3 (3 courses of standard brick plus mortar = 8"), set origin to the right corner of brick. Pick an internal point. Press Enter. 47 48 8
Layout Click Layout1 tab to switch from model tab. We are seeing paperspace with paper edge and margins. A viewport is visible. It is like a window. Through this viewport we will add text and dimensions. Modelspace Double click inside the window to get into the modelspace through the layout tab. Note how the viewport looks different when in paper vs model. We can now add dimensions and notes. 49 Paperspace Modelspace 50 Annotative vs Non-annotative The following steps create dimensions and leaders. Use either annotative or non-annotative styles. Be comfortable with creating and using annotative or non-annotative styles. With non-annotative text we have only one text style. Text must be created within a viewport. Visibility is determined by the layer. Dimension Set a-anno layer current. Click Home>Annotation>Linear. Click the top left corner of the window and then click the top right. Click away from the window to set the dimension. With annotative text we need multiple text styles based on the height of the text. Look at the text group in the Annotative Ribbon. With non-annotative text we need to set the text height when writing text. We will use annotative text style as the primary style in our classwork. 51 52 Dimension For vertical dimension, start at the bottom of the brick ledge then click to the top of the ledge. Click away to the side to set the location. Click Annotate>Dimensions>Continue. Note that the Home ribbon has many standard commands but the individual ribbons have a more complete selection. Click the top of the shutter. Press ESC to end the command. Leader Click Home>Annotation>Leader. Click on the window and then click off to the side. Press F8 to remove ortho. Type the words in lowercase and then press Enter. 53 54 9
Standards Architectural drawings always use capitalized text. Double click on the text and select it. Right click and select change case>uppercase. Standards You can also turn on AutoCAPS by the context sensitive menu or on the text editor ribbon when text is selected. Click Tools>AutoCAPS Now all your text will be capitalized without having to use capslock on the keyboard. 55 56 Text Typically we do not want a long line of text but more paragraph-like. Double click on the text. Then click on the arrows. Click and drag textbox to a preferred size. Grips The dimension for the brick ledge is crossing the shutters. This makes it hard to read. Let's change this. All items in AutoCAD have grips. Use crossing to select the two dimensions pointing to the upper edge of the brick ledge. The blue dots are all the grippable items. Click on the blue dot on the ledge and click back to the edge of the shutter. This is a better location. 57 58 Overkill Occasionally we will draw small lines or draw lines over lines by mistake. Or we will use another drafter's drawing that needs some cleaning. We do not want this because the drawing becomes larger and lines may not print correctly. Overkill Make modelspace current. Click Home>Modify>Delete Duplicate Objects or type OVERKILL Select the items to affect (usually type all). Click OK. Save the drawing. The Overkill command helps eliminate this. It removes duplicate or overlapping lines, arcs, and polylines. And combines partially overlapping or contiguous ones. 59 60 10
Print The completed window. Run Spell check and purge! Now that the drawing is cleaned up, plot it as a DWF. DWF A DWF (Drawing Web Format) is a digital file that can be opened and marked up with the free Autodesk Design Review program. Use the following settings to plot to DWF. 61 62 Save Changes When you set up printing on a drawing make sure to click save changes to layout or the settings won't stay. Print Preview Always use Print Preview to make sure all is printing properly. Click to expand Save changes to Layout 63 64 We can have blocks with attributes. This is useful for door/window marks and room finishes because we can extract the info into a table. Click Insert>Block Definition>Define Attributes. Note the options. Invisible: Specifies that attribute values are not displayed or printed when you insert the block. Constant: Gives attributes a fixed value for block insertions. Verify: Prompts you to verify that the attribute value is correct when you insert the block. Tag: Identifies each occurrence of an attribute in the drawing. Enter the attribute tag using any combination of characters except spaces. Lowercase letters are automatically changed to uppercase. Prompt: Specifies the prompt that is displayed when you insert a block containing this attribute definition. If you do not enter a prompt, the attribute tag is used as a prompt. If you select Constant in the Mode area, the Prompt option is not available. Default: Specifies the default attribute value. Preset: Sets the attribute to its default value when you insert a block containing a preset attribute. Lock Position: Locks the location of the attribute within the block reference. When unlocked, the attribute can be moved relative to the rest of the block using grip editing, and multiline attributes can be resized. Multiple Lines: Specifies that the attribute value can contain multiple lines of text. When this option is selected, you can specify a boundary width for the attribute. 65 Insertion Point: Specifies the location for the attribute. Text Settings: Similar items to determine as DTEXT settings. Boundary Width: Specifies the maximum length of the lines of text in a multiple-line attribute before wrapping to the next line. A value of 0.000 means that there is no restriction on the length of a line of text. Not available for single-line attributes. 66 11
Let s pause on the window drawing for a moment and assume we want to make an attributed Room Schedule block. We first need to think about is the headings that we will want in our block. Although we can make the block in the current drawing and wblock it out or start a new drawing. Name it roomno.dwg This will be the name of the block. We will not need to make of block of this drawing. It will become a block in the floor plan drawing. Click Insert>Block Definition>Define Attributes. Set up the first one as follows. 67 Usually we select the insertion point but in this case we want 0,0 because that will be the insertion point of the block. 68 The Room Name definition appears in place at 0,0. Set the next attribute is as follows. Set the justification to middle-center. This way we can add the rectangle later more easily. Position it under the first attribute. Add the next one. This time make it invisible. We want to have the attribute so it can be extracted but we don't want it visible in the drawing. For the default, use the most common option. Click here to position the text under the existing. 69 70 We can continue defining new attributes or we can copy the last one and then double click and modify the definition. We can also right click on a definition and select properties. This way we can also set the other definition options. This one is now changed. We need to work on the rest. 71 72 12
Continue modifying the drawing until all the definitions are complete. Draw a rectangle. Make it 1/2 x 3/16. This will be a judgment call from past experience as to the size. You want sufficient space all around. After we insert the block, we can always adjust using block editor. Use inferencing to move the center of the rectangle to the insertion point of the Room-No attribute. 73 74 Save the drawing. Switch to another drawing and insert the block. Set the drawing scale to 1/4" = 1'-0". Look at the command line and answer the questions based on our schedule. Delete the old text. If the questions were asked in the wrong order, you can use the attribute manager to adjust the order. The order is based on the order the attributes were created or if this was a made into a block in another drawing, then the order in which the attributes were selected. 75 76 Copy the block and adjust the info to match the schedule by double clicking on the block. Let's use our table style and attributed blocks to create a schedule. Open a new drawing for the schedule Make A-ANNO-TEXT current. Save drawing as room-schedules.dwg 77 78 13
Select Insert>Linking & Extraction>Extract Data. Select create a new data extraction. If we had a previous extraction file we could use it now and not do the following steps. Save as door-schedule.dxe in your Folder on your USB 79 80 Select the drawing with attributed blocks. At this point you can add other drawings - for example other floors. Select Display with attributes. You can also limit which blocks to extract. We will extract the Door Schedule first. 81 82 Select only Attribute. Select only combine identical rows. Click and drag the headings to be in the right order (match schedule). 83 84 14
Click the door number column to arrange by number. We could extract data at this point to Excel. Let's put it in our drawing. 85 86 Now let's use our table style. We don't want Standard! This is how the schedule should look like at the beginning: Enter a title for our table. 87 88 We need to adjust the table created to match the format of the schedule sheet. Select the row number (2). Right click to insert a row above. We must unlock the cells to modify them. Select the second row of the table, then right click to unlock cells. Notice the new table cell ribbon. 89 90 15
Select the two cells and merge the cells. Retype any lost text. Continue merging cells and retyping data until it matches the schedule sheet. You can use the ribbon or right click and select the merge option. 91 92 Select the cells that are not wide enough. We can select both since they are together. Drag the grips to resize. Notice that the data info is linked and locked. It is connected to the drawing. If we change the source drawing and save it we can update the cells. Right click on the data cells to update the schedule. For the extraction update to work, the source file must be closed! Save the schedules.dwg Select the rows we adjusted, right click and lock content and format. 93 94 16