Page1 Teacher s Instruction Biogeochemical Cycles Foldable This graphic organizer is used to demonstrate cycles showing the movement of a particular chemical through the biological and geological parts of an ecosystem.
Page2 Teacher s Instruction Objectives 1. The student will be able to label diagrams to understand the water cycle, oxygen cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, and phosphorus cycle. 2. The student will incorporate the process of photosynthesis and respiration into the steps of the cycles. 3. The student will understand the chemical changes that take place within the cycle. Materials Copied sheets from this resource pages 5-10 for the student Scissors Directions 1. Copy sheet page 5 and then copy page 6 on the back of page 5 upside down; copy sheet page 7 and then copy page 8 on the back of page 7 upside down; copy sheet page 9 and then copy page 10 on the back of page 9 upside down. Answer key: copy sheet page 11 and then copy page 12 on the back of page 11 upside down; copy sheet 13 and then copy page 14 on the back of page 13 upside down; copy sheet 15 and then copy page 16 on the back of page 15 upside down. 2. Each sheet will be folded as a hamburger fold. Page 5 will be on the outside with page 6 on the inside; page 7 will be on the outside with page 8 on the inside; page 10 will be on the outside with page 9 on the inside. Answer key: page 11 will be on the outside with page 12 on the inside; page 13 will be on the outside while page 14 will be on the inside; page 16 will be on the outside with page 15 on the inside. 3. Mark the outside fold one inch (about 3 cm) from the outer edges on all sheets.
Page3 Teacher s Instruction 4. Keeping the sheet folded, take page 5 and cut the outer edges to the marked spot on both sides. You are cutting off the fold (maybe about 2 mm). Caution students not to take too much off or they will cut into the information. The sheet is open so that you can see how much was cut off. 5. On the other two sheets, keeping them folded as well, start at one of the marked spots and cut the fold between the two marks. Again, you are just cutting off the fold (maybe about 2mm). Make sure students don t cut too much and cut into the information. These sheets are open so that you can see how much was cut off. The outside inch is left on both sides. 6. Lay the two folded sheets out flat from #5. Place the oxygen cycle sheet on the bottom and the carbon cycle sheet on top of it.
Page4 Teacher s Instruction 7. Fold the sheet from #4 into a burrito fold. 8. Place the burrito through the cut in the other two sheets. 9. Open the burrito. Inserted page is now flat. 10. Fold the sheets in half and it will form a book. This book can be used as a note taking tool, as an assignment, as a study guide. Answer key is provided on pages 11-16 and can be put together following the same instructions (I have given the directions in red for steps 1 and 2 to put the pages together correctly).
Page5 Student Activity Nitrogen Cycle Use the following terms to fill in the blanks to the questions below. atmosphere 78% ammonia proteins denitrificating nitrate nitrogen-fixing plants animals waste plants 1. Our atmosphere is nitrogen gas. 2. Animals and plants cannot directly use all the nitrogen found in our. 3. Only special bacteria can directly use nitrogen in our atmosphere and fix it so other organisms can benefit. These bacteria are called bacteria. 4. Higher organisms use nitrogen to make their. 5. Animal waste decay by the action of bacteria which create and products rich in nitrogen, and useful for plants to use again. 6. bacteria in the soil can break down the ammonia into the gaseous form of nitrogen, which is not available for use by plants or animals. 7. In another part of the cycle, animals eat containing nitrogen, which is again returned to the soil by animal or decaying and. 8. Label the diagram of the NITROGEN CYCLE. Cycles through the Ecosystem Define biogeochemical cycle: The elements important to life that are recycled are:
Page6 Student Activity Water Cycle Answer the following questions. 1. The water cycle is also called the. 2. is the process that turns water vapor into liquid, which causes the formation of a cloud. 3. After it rains, the water can either end up on land or. 4. When water evaporates from a leaf, this process is called. 5. When water is heated in an ocean, the liquid water changes form and turns into. 6. When water leaves a body of water after it is heated, the process is called. 7. When water falls from the sky, the process is known as. 8. When water hits land and is soaked into the ground, the water becomes. 9. True or false: The water cycle is a continual process. 10. True or false: Transpiration is a process that occurs on plants and animals. Label the diagram of the WATER CYCLE. Adding carbon to the atmosphere faster than producers can remove it. Cow eating grass Detritivores soil microbes, earthworms, bacteria, fungi Animal wastes, dead plants, dead animals Plants Coal, petroleum
Page7 Phosphorus cycle Use the following terms to fill in the blanks to the questions below. Student Activity pollution basins rocks minerals waste DNA overgrowth plants 1. Phosphorus is NOT found in the free state in nature, but is contained mostly in and. 2. It is an essential nutrient for life, as it makes up important chemicals such as. 3. In the phosphorus cycle, phosphorus moves between the soil and, which are eaten by animals. The animals use phosphorus, and then their products help return the sulfur for the next generation of phosphorus in the soil. 4. Some of the phosphorus in soils can be washed away into water. 5. Another source of phosphorus in water comes from man-made. 6. Too much phosphorus in water leads to plant, strangling all other life forms in the water. 7. Why is the use of too many phosphorus-rich fertilizers bad for the environment? 8. Label the diagram of the PHOSPHORUS CYCLE. Most available oxygen is made by on the ocean s surface and green plants on the land via the process of. Some oxygen is made in the atmosphere, when breaks down water. The Oxygen Cycle the ocean Most Science oxygen Safari is stored in the minerals of the Earth s crust and mantle, called the, but is bound to rocks and unavailable for use. Oxygen is used by animals, plants, bacteria, fire, decomposition, and even rusting metal, called:.
Page8 Carbon cycle Use the following terms to fill in the blanks to the questions below. Student Activity coal oil natural gas burning of fossil fuels methane photosynthesis sugar respiration ocean greenhouse decayed 1. Plants use CO 2 in the process of to make and oxygen. 2. Animals use oxygen in the process of and make more CO 2. 3. The is the main regulator of CO 2 in the atmosphere because CO 2 dissolves easily in it. 4. In the past, huge deposits of carbon were stored as dead plants and animals. 5. Today these deposits are burned as fossil fuels, which include,, and. 6. More CO 2 is released in the atmosphere today than in the past because of the. 7. Another natural source for CO 2 is. 8. Too much CO 2 in the atmosphere may be responsible for the effect. 9. Write the equation for photosynthesis. 10. Label the diagram for the CARBON CYCLE. Nitrogen fixing plant i.e. clover, peas, etc Root nodules containing nitrogen fixing bacteria nitrates absorbed denitrifying bacteria Decomposition by bacteria and fungi bacteria bacteria (nitrifying bacteria)
Page9 Student Activity Oxygen cycle Use the following terms to fill in the blanks to the questions below. photosynthesis ozone waste crust oceans respiration 1. Plants release 430-470 billion tons of oxygen during the process of. 2. Atmospheric oxygen in the form of provides protection from harmful ultraviolet rays. 3. Oxygen is found everywhere on Earth, from Earth s (rocks) to the where it is dissolved. 4. Oxygen is vital for by animals, a process which produces CO 2 and water. 5. Oxygen is also necessary for the decomposition of into other elements necessary for life. 6. Write the equation for respiration. 7. Label the diagram for the OXYGEN CYCLE. Phosphate rocks Phosphate mining Fertilizer containing phosphate Animal waste and decomposing Excretion and decomposition dissolved phosphorus Animals and algae Marine sediments Phosphate rocks
Page10 Student Activity Runoff Soak into ground Ground water flow
Page11 Answer Key Nitrogen Cycle Use the following terms to fill in the blanks to the questions below. atmosphere 78% ammonia proteins denitrificating nitrate nitrogen-fixing plants animals waste plants 1. Our atmosphere is 78% nitrogen gas. 2. Animals and plants cannot directly use all the nitrogen found in our atmosphere. 3. Only special bacteria can directly use nitrogen in our atmosphere and fix it so other organisms can benefit. These bacteria are called nitrogen-fixing bacteria. 4. Higher organisms use nitrogen to make their proteins. 5. Animal waste decay by the action of bacteria which create ammonia and nitrate products rich in nitrogen, and useful for plants to use again. 6. Denitrifying bacteria in the soil can break down the ammonia into the gaseous form of nitrogen, which is not available for use by plants or animals. 7. In another part of the cycle, animals eat plants containing nitrogen, which is again returned to the soil by animal waste or decaying plants and animals. 8. Label the diagram of the NITROGEN CYCLE. Cycles through the Ecosystem Define biogeochemical cycle: The movement of a particular chemical through the biological and geological, or living and nonliving, parts of an ecosystem. The elements important to life that are recycled are: H 2 O hydrologic; O 2 oxygen; C- carbon; N- nitrogen; P-Phosphorus.
Page12 Answer Key Water Cycle Answer the following questions. 1. The water cycle is also called the hydrologic cycle. 2. Condensation is the process that turns water vapor into liquid, which causes the formation of a cloud. 3. After it rains, the water can either end up on land or in a body of water, such as streams, lakes, and oceans. 4. When water evaporates from a leaf, this process is called transpiration. 5. When water is heated in an ocean, the liquid water changes form and turns into water vapor. 6. When water leaves a body of water after it is heated, the process is called evaporation. 7. When water falls from the sky, the process is known as precipitation. 8. When water hits land and is soaked into the ground, the water becomes ground water. 9. True or false: The water cycle is a continual process. (water passes from atmosphere to the Earth and back to the atmosphere) 10. True or false: Transpiration is a process that occurs on plants and animals. (only occurs with plants evaporation of water off of the plant leaves) Label the diagram of the WATER CYCLE. CO 2 in atmosphere Burning- emission of CO 2 Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Adding carbon to the atmosphere faster than producers can remove it. Cow eating grass Detritivores soil microbes, earthworms, bacteria, fungi Animal wastes, dead plants, dead animals Plants Coal, petroleum
Page13 Phosphorus cycle Use the following terms to fill in the blanks to the questions below. Answer Key pollution basins rocks minerals waste DNA overgrowth plants 1. Phosphorus is NOT found in the free state in nature, but is contained mostly in rocks and minerals. 2. It is an essential nutrient for life, as it makes up important chemicals such as DNA. 3. In the phosphorus cycle, phosphorus moves between the soil and plants, which are eaten by animals. The animals use phosphorus, and then their waste products help return the sulfur for the next generation of phosphorus in the soil. 4. Some of the phosphorus in soils can be washed away into water pollution. 5. Another source of phosphorus in water comes from man-made basins. 6. Too much phosphorus in water leads to plant overgrowth, strangling all other life forms in the water. 7. Why is the use of too many phosphorus-rich fertilizers bad for the environment? Agriculture runoff goes into aquatic ecosystems which cause plants to grow and overpopulate the water. (Eutrophication) 8. Label the diagram of the PHOSPHORUS CYCLE. Most available oxygen is made by phytoplankton Some oxygen is made in the atmosphere, on the ocean s surface and green plants on the land via the process of when sunlight breaks down water. photosynthesis. The Oxygen Cycle the ocean Most oxygen is stored in the oxide minerals of Science the Earth s Safari crust and mantle, called the lithosphere, but is bound to rocks and unavailable for use. Oxygen is used by animals, plants, bacteria, fire, decomposition, and even rusting metal, called: oxidation.
Page14 Answer Key Carbon cycle Use the following terms to fill in the blanks to the questions below. coal oil natural gas burning of fossil fuels methane photosynthesis sugar respiration ocean greenhouse decayed 1. Plants use CO 2 in the process of photosynthesis to make sugar and oxygen. 2. Animals use oxygen in the process of respiration and make more CO 2. 3. The ocean is the main regulator of CO 2 in the atmosphere because CO 2 dissolves easily in it. 4. In the past, huge deposits of carbon were stored as dead plants and animals decayed. 5. Today these deposits are burned as fossil fuels, which include oil, natural gas, and coal. 6. More CO 2 is released in the atmosphere today than in the past because of the burning of fossil fuels. 7. Another natural source for CO 2 is methane. 8. Too much CO 2 in the atmosphere may be responsible for the greenhouse effect. 9. Write the equation for photosynthesis. 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Nitrogen in the air Plant made protein Animal protein Nitrogen fixing plant i.e. clover, peas, etc Root nodules containing nitrogen fixing bacteria nitrates absorbed denitrifying bacteria Dead plants and animals Decomposition by bacteria and fungi nitrates bacteria nitrites (nitrifying bacteria) bacteria ammonia
Page15 Answer Key Oxygen cycle Use the following terms to fill in the blanks to the questions below. photosynthesis ozone waste crust oceans respiration 1. Plants release 430-470 billion tons of oxygen during the process of photosynthesis. 2. Atmospheric oxygen in the form of ozone provides protection from harmful ultraviolet rays. 3. Oxygen is found everywhere on Earth, from Earth s crust (rocks) to the ocean where it is dissolved. 4. Oxygen is vital for respiration by animals, a process which produces CO 2 and water. 5. Oxygen is also necessary for the decomposition of waste into other elements necessary for life. 6. Write the equation for respiration. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy 7. Label the diagram for the OXYGEN CYCLE. Phosphate rocks Erosion Phosphate mining Fertilizer containing phosphate Animals Animal waste and decomposing Soil phosphate Plants Decomposers Excretion and decomposition dissolved phosphorus Animals and algae Marine sediments Crops Phosphate rocks
Page16 Answer Key Evaporation Condensation Precipitation Transpiration Runoff Soak into ground Percolation Ground water flow