What were the characteristics of the government and the economy in the Southern Colonies?

Section 3 What were the characteristics of the government and the economy in the Southern Colonies? Since the area was not colonized by Spain and France, England established colonies along the southern Atlantic coast.! The first two English colonies in the 1580s in Roanoke failed, but in 1607 Jamestown was founded by a group of wealthy London merchants called the Virginia Company. The Cold England s War Begins Southern Colonies

Section 3 By 1732, England had five colonies in southern North America. The Cold England s War Begins Southern Colonies

Section 3 Early Jamestown colony life held promise and challenge.! Located on the Chesapeake Bay, the colony had fertile land and navigable rivers. Nearby swamps gave some protection to the colony from Indians but also bred mosquitoes that spread malaria. At first, colonists suffered from disease and hunger. Many early colonists refused to farm and instead searched for gold and silver. The Cold England s War Begins Southern Colonies

Section 3 Jamestown colonists built a fort soon after they arrived. The thirty Indian tribes living in the area had a powerful leader, Chief Powhatan, who tried only to avoid confrontation and to contain the colonists. But war broke out in 1609. The Cold England s War Begins Southern Colonies

Section 3 Powhatan s daughter, Pocahontas, was captured by the English. She later was married to Englishman John Rolfe after her capture by the English. Powhatan reluctantly made peace after four wearying years of war. The Cold England s War Begins Southern Colonies

Section 3 Led by John Rolfe, the colonists learned to grow tobacco, which was very popular in Europe. By 1640, the Chesapeake area was the principal supplier of tobacco to Europe. The Cold England s War Begins Southern Colonies

Section 3 In 1619, the Virginia Company offered free land in Virginia to people in England and the population of the colony grew.! Called the headright system, anyone who paid their own or someone else s way to Virginia received 50 acres of land, free. Wealthy people amassed large plantations under this system. This system of free land took more land from the Indians. The Cold England s War Begins Southern Colonies

Section 3 Ownership Structure of English Southern Colonies Royal Colony The colony belonged to the king of England. The governor was appointed by the king. Proprietary Colony The colony belonged to wealthy individuals who first raised and invested money to start the colony. The governor was usually a powerful individual in the group that started the colony. Most of the colonies, whether royal or proprietary, had governing elected assemblies which could make laws and raise taxes. The Cold England s War Begins Southern Colonies

Section 3 The colonist expansion in Virginia led to wars over land with the Indians. 1622: Indians killed nearly one-third of the colonists. But the colonists defeated the Indians and took more land.! 1644: Intense fighting and disease killed thousands of Indians.! 1670: Only 2,000 Indians lived in Virginia; the number of colonists increased to 41,000.! The Cold England s War Begins Southern Colonies

Section 3 The pressures of a growing settler population spurred Bacon s Rebellion in Virginia. Royal governor William Berkeley raised taxes and refused to exterminate the Indians. Nathaniel Bacon organized colonists and attacked the Indians. Then, Bacon marched on Jamestown, the seat of government, and burned it. Bacon suddenly died and the rebellion collapsed. A new royal governor was appointed. The new governor lowered taxes. The Cold England s War Begins Southern Colonies

Section 3 England established more Southern colonies in the 1600s and 1700s. The Cold England s War Begins Southern Colonies

Section 3 Maryland primarily grew tobacco. Proprietary colony founded in 1632 Owned and governed by Lord Baltimore Allowed slavery Founded as colonial refuge for Catholics The Cold England s War Begins Southern Colonies

Section 3 The Carolinas were mostly tobacco and rice plantations. Proprietary colony founded in 1670 by Lords Proprietors 1691: divided into North and South Carolina 1729: both became royal colonies Allowed slavery The Cold England s War Begins Southern Colonies

Section 3 The beginnings of the Georgia Colony in 1732: The proprietary colony was established to prevent the expansion of Spain s Florida colony. Mostly settled by poor English traders, craft workers, and debtors. Slavery not allowed. The Cold England s War Begins Southern Colonies

Section 3 Changes later occurred in the Georgia Colony. Settlers protested the strict rules. The colony became a royal colony in 1752. Laws against slavery were abolished. The Cold England s War Begins Southern Colonies

Section 4 What were the goals of the Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies? Beginning in 1620, English Puritans settled land in present-day New England. They sought religious freedom.! The climate and landscapes of these northern colonies were very different from the southern colonies. The Cold The War New Begins England Colonies

Section 4 Before settlers landed on Plymouth Rock, they drew up the Mayflower Compact, an agreement to form a government and obey its laws. The idea of selfgovernment became strong in the English colonies. The Cold The War New Begins England Colonies

Section 4 The newly arriving Puritans disagreed with the established church and challenged the hierarchy of the Anglican church, the official English church. had strict ideas as to how people gained salvation. tried to purify or change the church and did not have bishops in their church structure. did not grant religious tolerance to others. Separatists sought to practice these principles in their own separate churches. The Cold The War New Begins England Colonies

Section 4 Massachusetts Bay Colony was founded in 1630. Puritan colonies were started mainly by farmer, fisherman, or tradesman families. Colonists followed strict religious ways with no religious tolerance. The Colony was a republic where Puritan male members of the church could vote to elect the governor, deputy governor, and assembly. Colonists worked to convert Indians to Christianity and English ways. Colonists expanded their farms, taking land from the Indians. Conflicts with Indians often occurred over land. The Cold The War New Begins England Colonies

Section 4 The Puritan colonies expanded. From Plymouth and Boston, Puritan colonies spread to present-day Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Maine.! Rhode Island, was founded by colonists banned from the Boston settlement. Their religious views were different from the leaders of the Boston colony. The Cold The War New Begins England Colonies

Section 4 Puritan intolerance led to the formation of new colonies. Roger Williams, a Puritan minister, believed the Puritans had no right to take land by force from the Indians. Because of his beliefs, he was banished by the Massachusetts court from the Bay colony. Williams and his followers founded Providence, Rhode Island on land he purchased from the Indians. All male members of the Rhode Island colony could vote, whether or not a member of a church. Williams established religious freedom and separation of church and state. The Cold The War New Begins England Colonies

Section 4 Anne Hutchinson actively expressed religious ideas different from Puritan views. Her ideas were declared heresy by Boston leaders. She followed Roger Williams to Rhode Island. Later she moved to New Netherland and was killed in an Indian attack. The Cold The War New Begins England Colonies

Section 4 Religious intolerance reached its peak at the Salem Witch Trials. When children sickened or cattle died, the Puritan authorities blamed innocent people of participating in evil magic. In 1692, New England colonists tried, convicted, executed 19 people for being witches in Salem, Massachusetts. Most of the people convicted and executed were women. The witchcraft mania ended shortly after the trials in Salem. The prosecution of witches was deemed a fiasco. The Cold The War New Begins England Colonies

Section 4 The Puritan expansion into Indian lands led to conflict. Puritans saw Indians as lazy since they lived off the land and only subsistence farmed. Colonists worked the land to build farms, homes, and churches. In 1636, the Puritans accused the Pequots of killing an English trader. The Pequots denied this. The Pequot War broke out. Indian foes of the Pequots joined Puritans. Puritans attacked Pequot villages and Pequots raided Puritan villages. Puritans and allies brutally burned a Pequot village, killing most its inhabitants. Peaceful Indians were outraged. The Cold The War New Begins England Colonies

Section 4 In 1638, the Pequots were defeated. The Treaty of Hartford gave the English all Pequot lands. Remaining Pequots were mandated to live among other Indian groups. This woodcut shows an attack on a Pequot fort. The Cold The War New Begins England Colonies

Section 4 After the Pequot War, colonists pressured Indians to move into Indian praying towns run by Christian missionaries. The goal was to convert Indians to Christianity. By 1674, Massachusetts Bay Colony had fourteen Indian praying towns. The Puritans claimed the lands the Indians left when they moved to a praying town. Many Indians refused to move to the praying towns. The Cold The War New Begins England Colonies

Section 4 Puritan-Indian tensions erupted into the King Philip s War. In 1675, Indians burned 12 Puritan towns. Colonists wrongly believed Chief Metacom, whom colonists called King Philip, led all the Indians in the war. In fact, many angry Indians fought separately, resenting Puritan treatment. In retaliation, colonists burned Indian crops. A praying town Indian who supported the Puritans killed Metacom. Indians lacked food and ammunition and were defeated, losing what land they had. The Cold The War New Begins England Colonies

Section 4 Colonists divided the land taken from the Indians. By 1700 the colonists outnumbered the Indians by 10 to 1. Some Indians sought refuge in Canada Defeated and refugee Indians sought revenge by raiding the New England frontier and fought with the French in their struggle against the English to dominate North America. The Cold The War New Begins England Colonies

Section 5 What were the characteristics of the Middle Colonies? The English settled on the northern and southern Atlantic coast of North America. Swedes and Dutch settled small colonies on the mid-atlantic coast.! Later the English came to control most of the Atlantic seaboard. The Cold War The Begins Middle Colonies

Section 5 Rivers were important to the Middle Colonies for many reasons. The Cold War The Begins Middle Colonies

Section 5 The Dutch West Indies Company spurred the development of New Netherland. 1609: Sent ships up the Hudson River to trade for furs from Indians. 1614: With traders and farmers, founded presentday Albany, New York. 1625: Founded New Amsterdam, now present-day New York City. The Cold War The Begins Middle Colonies

Section 5 Characteristics of Dutch Colonies Settled mainly by farmers and traders from the Netherlands, France, Germany, and Norway. Colonies tolerated various religious groups including Jews, Baptists, and Lutherans. The Dutch West Indies Company appointed a governor and advisory council of colonial leaders. No elected assembly was permitted. The Dutch West Indies Company bought land from Indians. The Cold War The Begins Middle Colonies

Section 5 Push and pull factors decreased or increased immigration. The Netherlands People enjoyed religious tolerance and had no religious reason to leave. England Puritans were persecuted and wanted freedom to! worship their way. The country had a booming economy and few poor people. The country had a stagnant economy with a large number of poor people. The Cold War The Begins Middle Colonies

Section 5 In 1655, the Dutch took command of New Sweden. In 1638, Swedish and Finnish farmers and traders built a small colony on the lower Delaware River in what is present-day Delaware. The colony expanded to parts of present-day New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Maryland. Dutch Governor Peter Stuyvesant sent warships to New Sweden and assumed control of the colony. The Cold War The Begins Middle Colonies

Section 5 English English Dutch The English and Dutch were intense rivals for global trade in the 1650s and 1660s. In 1664, the English sent an expedition and forced Stuyvesant to surrender the colony. The Cold War The Begins Middle Colonies

Section 5 When the English moved into the Middle Colonies: They renamed New Amsterdam to New York after the Duke of York. The Duke of York took over governing the colony as a proprietary colony. York designated formation of a new colony in 1664, now present-day New Jersey. The Cold War The Begins Middle Colonies

Section 5 The Pennsylvania Colony was founded in 1682. Started by William Penn, a wealthy Quaker who cultivated peace with the Indians. Quaker beliefs: no clergy leadership women spiritually equal to men pacifist do not fight wars or bear arms tolerate other faiths The Cold War The Begins Middle Colonies

Section 5 Unlike other English leaders, Quaker William Penn bought land from the Indians. The Cold War The Begins Middle Colonies

Section 5 Pennsylvania became William Penn s holy experiment for political and religious freedom. Penn wrote a constitution that guaranteed fundamental liberties. Tolerant policies encouraged people from a broad range of religious backgrounds to immigrate. The colonists did not try to convert the Indians. Penn named the capital Philadelphia, which means city of brotherly love. This early grid of Philadelphia shows wide streets and public spaces. The Cold War The Begins Middle Colonies

Section 5 Each colony had its own approach. Massachusetts Bay Pennsylvania Virginia Founded by Puritans seeking religious freedom Founded by Quakers seeking religious freedom Founded by people looking for new ways to succeed financially Elected governor and assembly No religious tolerance Had a constitution Religious tolerance Appointed governor and elected assembly! Little religious tolerance Tried to convert Indians Did not try to convert Indians Tried to convert Indians Took land from Indians Bought land from Indians Took land from Indians The Cold War The Begins Middle Colonies

Section 5 The Middle Colonies enjoyed diversity. No single ethnic group or specific religious group had a majority in the Middle Colonies. This peaceful diversity went against the traditional belief that political order depended on ethnic and religious uniformity. The Cold War The Begins Middle Colonies

Section 5 The Middle Colonies diversity became part of the nation s character. The ethnic and religious pluralism in the Middle Colonies was an early example of how the United States later developed into a multi-cultural society. The Cold War The Begins Middle Colonies

Section 3 Section Review QuickTake Quiz Know It, Show It Quiz The Cold England s War Begins Southern Colonies