The Massachusetts Bay Colony

Transcription

1 Lesson 1 PAGES OBJECTIVES Describe the accomplishments of significant colonial leaders such as John Winthrop. Identify examples of representative government in the American colonies. Understand the political, religious, social, and economic institutions that evolved in the colonial era. Summarize pp. 187, 189, 191, 193, 206 Vocabulary SEE READING AND VOCABULARY TRANSPARENCY 3-2 OR THE WORD CARDS ON PP. V37 V38. Puritan p. 188 charter p. 188 common p. 190 specialize p. 190 town meeting p. 192 public office p. 192 When Minutes Count Have pairs of students work together to find the answers to the subsection review questions. Quick Summary This lesson describes the founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and the people who lived there. SUMMARIZE As you read, summarize facts about the Massachusetts Bay Colony. BIG IDEA A group of English colonists, called Puritans, founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony. VOCABULARY Puritan charter common specialize town meeting public office Salem was the Puritans first settlement in the Massachusetts Bay area. Its name comes from the Hebrew word shalom, which means peace. 188 Unit 3 The Massachusetts Bay Colony Less than ten years after the Pilgrims founded Plymouth, another group of religious settlers founded an English colony in North America. Like the Pilgrims, these settlers disagreed with many practices of the Anglicans (AN glik anz), or members of the Church of England. Unlike the Pilgrims, however, they did not want to separate from the church. They wanted to change some religious practices in order to make the church more pure. For this reason, they were called Puritans. The Puritans set up a community in North America so they could make money and live by their Christian ideas. A City on a Hill In 1628 a group of Puritans joined other people in England to form the New England Company. That year King Charles I granted the company a charter. A charter is an official paper in which certain rights are given by a government to a person or business. The king s charter allowed the Puritans to settle in the region Captain John Smith had named New England. In 1628 John Endecott led the first group of Puritans to sail to New England. There they built a settlement named Salem on a bay they called Massachusetts Bay. The word Massachusetts means at the big hill in the Algonquian language. The following year the company became the Massachusetts Bay Company, and the king granted a new charter. King Charles I is shown in the top left corner of the Massachusetts Bay Company Charter. Motivate Set the Purpose Big Idea Make sure that students understand the meaning of founded as used in the Big Idea statement. Access Prior Knowledge Ask students to list some of the reasons people left their home countries in the 1600s to settle in North America. Discuss with students how these reasons affected new settlements. Protestant Reformation Before the 1500s, many Europeans were members of the Roman Catholic Church. The Catholic pope was responsible for leading all church officials and church members. In the early 1500s, however, a movement called the Protestant Reformation began. Protestants wanted to allow all church members, not just priests, to participate in religious activities. Although the Anglican Church was Protestant, the Puritans wanted even greater freedom from church control. REACH ALL LEARNERS Below-Level Learners To help students better understand the main idea and details in this lesson, have them make an idea map of each section. The section s main idea should be in the center of the map, with details extending from it like branches. This will enable students to understand how the details support the main idea. 188 UNIT 3

2 Hudson River NEW YORK Present-day border VERMONT NEW HAMPSHIRE Merrimack R i v er Haverhill MASSACHUSETTS Salem Massachusetts Boston Bay Cape Charles Cod River Plymouth CONNECTICUT RHODE ISLAND W ATLANTIC OCEAN Miles Kilometers Albers Equal-Area Projection N S E Massachusetts Bay Colony READING SOCIAL STUDIES Personal Response Have students consider the following question as they read: Would it be difficult to leave your home and move to a new place? Ask students to write a personal response to the question after they have finished reading the lesson. USE READING AND VOCABULARY 3-2 TRANSPARENCY 3-2. Teach Location In 1630 John Winthrop (far right) led more than 700 Puritans to Massachusetts Bay. They soon settled on the Massachusetts coast north of Plymouth. Why do you think most of the settlements in Massachusetts were located near the coast? In 1630 John Winthrop brought a second and much larger group of Puritans from England to settle along Massachusetts Bay. Winthrop served as the governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In fact, he would serve as governor of the colony several times during the next 20 years. In that time more than 20,000 newcomers, mostly Puritans, settled in the colony. Winthrop said that Puritan cities should be models for Christian living. For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are The Puritans hoped that all their communities would become models for good living. They built new villages, many of which were near Boston. In 1637 Winthrop worked at forming a confederation among the people of New England. He believed a confederation would help them better defend themselves in case they were attacked by nearby Indian groups or by the Dutch, who had started settlements to the south of New England. Winthrop became the first president of the confederation when it was formed in What did John Winthrop accomplish upon us... He worked to form. as leader of the Puritans? SUMMARIZE a confederation to help the colonists better protect themselves from attack. Chapter A City on a Hill Culture and Society Encourage a volunteer to remind the class why the Pilgrims came to Plymouth. Ask students to identify ways in which the Puritans were similar to the Pilgrims. Civics and Government Remind students that a confederation is a group of independent states or nations that work together to help one another. Q How does being part of a confederation benefit individual states? A The states help protect each other and they have more power together than apart. The states also can easily do business with each other. STUDY/RESEARCH SKILLS Using Maps Remind students that maps provide important information. Encourage students to study maps carefully as they read and to form a mental picture of an area and the events that took place in it. Explain that this will help them link events to the places where they occurred. New York MENTAL MAPPING State Location Ask students to name the five states that border Massachusetts today without looking at a map. Vermont New Hampshire Massachusetts Visual Learning Map and Picture Direct students to the map and picture on page 189. Ask them to locate Plymouth on the map. Have students follow the coastline north to Boston and Salem. CAPTION ANSWER: Settlements in Massachusetts were located near the coast because most newcomers arrived from the Atlantic Ocean. Also, living near the ocean made it easier to get supplies from England. Connecticut Rhode Island CHAPTER 5 189

3 A Puritan Village Economics Ask a volunteer to define the term barter. Discuss with students the kinds of things Puritans bartered for. Encourage them to consider why and how a barter system worked so well in Puritan society. Students may respond that most of what the Puritans needed was made by townspeople. A CLOSER LOOK A New England Town A CLOSER LOOK A New England Town Most New England towns were self-sufficient communities in which the people grew or made most of what they needed. 1 houses 8 well 2 general store 9 cobbler 3 mill 0 minister s house 4 fields a meetinghouse 5 cooper b school 6 blacksmith c minister 7 common Why do you think the common was in the center of the town? Have students carefully examine the illustration of the town on pages Encourage them to locate people and places in the town. Ask students to identify the business located along the stream. the mill Q What impact do you think specialization had on economic activity in a New England town? A Possible answer: Specialized workers could make higherquality goods. Workers who specialized traded their goods with other townspeople. CAPTION ANSWER: The common was in the center of town because it was shared by all of a village s people. 190 Unit 3 A Puritan Village At the center of each Puritan village was the common, or village green. This was a parklike area shared by all the villagers and used for grazing their animals. At one end of the common was the church, called the meetinghouse. Houses and other buildings lined the other sides of the common. In time, other buildings that might be found around the common were a general store, a sawmill, and a blacksmith shop. Blacksmithing is one particular craft in which a person in a village may have specialized. To specialize is to become skilled at one kind of job. A blacksmith might make nails for a neighbor. In exchange, the neighbor might make barrels for the blacksmith. Specialization allowed the colonists to be more productive. It also made them more dependent on each other as they bartered for goods. Another building that might be found near the common was a school. Schools were important because the Puritans wanted every person to be able to read the Bible. At first, Puritan children went to schools that were run by women in their homes. Later, villagers began to build schools after the Puritans passed a law stating that every village of 50 families or more must have a school. History Explain to students that Puritan schools were the first community schools in the English colonies. In villages with fewer than 50 families, Puritan children often attended schools run by women in their homes. INTEGRATE LANGUAGE ARTS Speaking Have students work with the school librarian to locate copies of John Winthrop s speeches. Ask them to select portions of the speeches to read dramatically to the class. Discuss with students what they know about John Winthrop from reading and hearing his speeches. Education The New England Colonies were the most literate of the English colonies. By 1750 nearly 90 percent of women and almost all men could read and write. At the time, New England had the highest literacy rate of any area in North America. 190 UNIT 3

4 1 b 3 4 Culture and Society Explain that in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the responsibility of teaching morals was the minister s. Inform students that the Puritans were opposed to behavior such as gambling, swearing, and not attending church. 0 a Puritan schools were the first community schools in the English colonies. Some of these schools still exist. They include Boston Latin School, which was founded in 1635, and Harvard College, now Harvard University, which was founded in Harvard was the first college in England s North American colonies. The small size of a Puritan village made people feel they belonged to a community and made it easier for them to help each other. Village life also made it easier for church ministers to keep their authority in the village. The duty of the minister was to make sure people lived their lives in ways that the Puritan leaders thought were right. How did the small size of villages help the Puritans? It made it easier for them to help each other. The Meetinghouse c The meetinghouse was at the center of village life because it was where church services were held. The most important part of the Puritan church service was the minister s sermon, or his explanation of the Bible s teachings. The sermon often lasted for several hours. The whole service lasted for most of the day, with a break for a meal at noon. Chapter The Meetinghouse Culture and Society Explain to students that people had assigned seats in the meetinghouse and were fined if they did not sit in them. The richest and most important people sat in the front of the meetinghouse. Q Why do you think this was so? A Answers should indicate that it was a sign of status within the community. Tell students that people often fell asleep during the all-day sermons. It was one person s job to wake up people by tickling them with a feather. Civics and Government Discuss with students how the meetinghouse was the beginning of democracy in America. Emphasize that laws were not made unless people voted on them. Have them compare this to how laws are made today. Ask students to think about their elected officials. What kinds of jobs do they do? How are those jobs similar to the jobs of Puritan officials? John Harvard John Harvard was a Puritan minister in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1638 Harvard died and willed half his estate and a collection of more than 400 books to a nearby college. In 1639 that college was renamed Harvard University in honor of its benefactor. Today Harvard University remains the nation s oldest institution of higher learning. READING SKILL Summarize Remind students that summarizing the lesson can help them remember important points. Encourage students to write a short summary of each subsection for use as a study guide. CHAPTER 5 191

5 Home and Farm Life Economics Remind students that the Puritans seldom let anything useful go to waste. Q What are the advantages of being a self-sufficient community? A Because the Puritans made almost everything they needed, they didn t have to rely on outside sources that much. Have students complete a graphic organizer like the following with items the Puritans made and items they obtained from other sources. Made butter, pickled vegetables, dried fruits, clothing, quilts, brushes, candles, shoes, tools Close Obtained sugar, material for clothing, kettles for cooking, nails, barrels Summarize Key Content John Winthrop led a settlement of Puritans to Massachusetts Bay and served as the colony s first governor. Puritans founded the first community schools in the colonies. The meetinghouse served as the center of the village, a place where church services and town meetings were held. The meetinghouse was also where the Puritans conducted all town business. Everyone in the town could attend a town meeting, but only men who owned property could vote. They voted on laws and on matters that affected the whole community. At first, a man had to be a member of the Puritan church to vote. By the end of the 1600s, however, any man who owned property could vote. Each year at a town meeting, some people were elected to public offices, or jobs for the community. Offices in a Puritan town included constable, town crier, digger of graves, drummer, sweeper of the meetinghouse, and fence viewer. The constable was in charge of maintaining order and keeping the peace. The town crier walked around and called out important news and other announcements. The fence viewer made sure that the fences around the crops were kept in good repair. A town meeting held in Haverhill, Massachusetts, once elected a man to run a ferry across the Merrimack River. he wanted, however. The town meeting set the charges. What were some of the public offices that the Puritans could be elected to? Home and Farm Life The main room of a Puritan home contained a large fireplace, where a fire was always kept burning. All cooking was done in the fireplace. Baking was done in a small oven inside the fireplace. Most food was roasted over the fire or simmered in large iron kettles hung in the fireplace. Kettles were also used to heat water for cooking and washing. Women and girls spent many hours preparing food for the rest of the family. They used churns to turn cream into butter. They dried and preserved fruits. They pickled cabbages and other vegetables grown in the gardens they tended. Pickled vegetables could be eaten throughout the cold, hard winter. The women and girls also made all the clothing for the family. Sometimes pieces He could not charge passengers any price of worn-out clothing were used to make constable, town crier, digger of graves, drummer, sweeper of the meetinghouse, fence viewer, and running a ferry This reenactment shows how Puritan women prepared meals. 192 Unit 3 Leisure Activities Puritans lived very strict lives. They believed that days on which they did not work, such as the Sabbath, should be devoted to prayer and worship. Even feast days, such as Thanksgiving, were celebrated with restraint. Most Puritans did not give their children toys to play with. Still, when Puritan children had free time they played games including tag, leapfrog, and sledding. READING SOCIAL STUDIES Create Mental Images Encourage students to use the text to form mental images of what Puritan life was like. Ask them to reread the section Home and Farm Life, concentrating on how the Puritans lived. 192 UNIT 3

6 READING SOCIAL STUDIES This scene shows a New England farm. new clothing and patchwork quilts for bedding. Nothing useful went to waste. Puritan farmers grew corn, rye, barley, and wheat. They traded some of these crops for sugar from English colonists on the Caribbean islands. Farmers also grew pumpkins and other kinds of squash among the corn. This method of farming was first used by the Wampanoag Indians. The Puritans also raised cattle, hogs, and sheep as sources of food, leather, and wool. They made their own tools from Summary Time Line John Endecott leads the first group of Puritans to New England SUMMARIZE What were the main activities that took place in a Puritan meetinghouse? 1 BIG IDEA Why did the Puritans settle in the Massachusetts Bay Colony? 2 VOCABULARY Use the term specialize in a sentence about the Puritans. 3 TIME LINE In what year did John Endecott lead the first Puritans to New England? 4 ECONOMICS In what ways were the people of wood and their own shoes from leather. They also wore warm clothing from sheep s wool. Life was difficult for the early Puritans, but children still found time for leisure activities. Because of the Puritans religious beliefs, children were not allowed to have many toys. Instead, they played games and read religious books. What kinds of crops were grown on New England farms? corn, rye, barley, wheat, pumpkins, and other kinds of squash 1630 John Winthrop brings Puritans to Massachusetts Bay 1636 Harvard College is founded 1645 the Massachusetts Bay Colony able to get the goods they needed? 5 CRITICAL THINKING Analyze How was a Puritan town like the town in which you live? How was it different? PERFORMANCE Write a Newspaper Article Imagine you have been asked to write a newspaper article about the Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Tell about the reasons why they settled there and the kinds of communities they started. Personal Response Make sure that students support their responses with details from the lesson. USE READING AND VOCABULARY 3-2 TRANSPARENCY 3-2. Assess Lesson 1 Review Answers SUMMARIZE The meetinghouse was used for church services and town meetings. 1 BIG IDEA The Puritans founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony so they could freely practice their religious beliefs and live by their Christian ideals. 2 VOCABULARY Many Puritans specialized in one particular job. 3 TIME LINE in ECONOMICS The people in the Massachusetts Bay Colony made many of the goods they needed and obtained others through a barter system. 5 CRITICAL THINKING Analysis Possible response: The town in which I live has a city hall similar to a meetinghouse and a main street with businesses similar to those of a Puritan town. Unlike a Puritan town, my town has many different churches and other structures. EXTEND AND ENRICH Research Ask students to find out more about John Winthrop. Encourage them to use primary and secondary sources to gather information about Winthrop when he was governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. RETEACH Chapter Graphic Organizer Have students complete the following graphic organizer. Remind them to use their textbook to find information. Massachusetts Bay Colony Performance Assessment Guidelines Students newspaper articles should be clearly written and informative. They should include specific reasons why the Puritans settled in the Massachusetts Bay Colony and what their towns were like. ACTIVITY BOOK Use ACTIVITY BOOK, pp , to reinforce and extend student learning. Who were the Puritans? How did the Puritans live? CHAPTER 5 193