20/05/2013 company presentation 2012 1

Boiler technology for biomass residues Michael Beyer AHK Business Trip Energy from biomass and biogas in the Agroindustry to Indonesia renewables Made in Germany initiative 20.-24. May 2013 2

Background of Eckrohrkessel History and references Eckrohr boiler technology was developed in the mid 1940s first licensees started to build Eckrohr-boilers worldwide; ERK offers engineering only outsourcing of the ERK technology from La Mont Kessel GmbH in 1977 today more than 30 licensees worldwide (from small boiler manufacturers to turn-key suppliers for example in Indonesia Basuki and Germany Schneider) >5.900 boiler and heater references with thermal outputs of 0.3-250MWth all over the world references for biomass (>450), waste (>580), cogeneration (>200), fuel mixtures (>350) as well as coal, oil and gas (>4,000) 3

Background Eckrohrkessel Licensees all over the world (currently 33) 4

Energy from biomass Conversion technologies fuels combustion (grate and fluidised bed) gasification ERK has references for all aforementioned conversion technologies choice of firing system depends on fuel quality, process and efficiency requirements as well as commercial constraints 5

Energy from biomass Target of efficient combustion 1.) total burnout of fuel no carbon content in the ash no CO or pyrolytic gases in the flue gas for higher efficiency and environment 2.) low NOx emission in flue gases, less effort for secondary DeNOx treatment for the environment 3.) low dust content in flue gases less fouling and corrosion in the boiler for a higher availability of the boiler 6

Grate system with boiler meltic eutectic with corrosion evaporator economiser secondary air 3-4 m/s CO-corrosion superheater fine dust 650 C secondary air slagging high temperature corrosion 7

Boiler weight 8

Grate system with boiler Advantages: very low demands to fuel treatment Disadvantages: cooled mechanical grate for higher calorific values (higher plant and operation costs) ( scuffing of grate bars) smooth packed bed hard to ensure areas with cold streaks with CO and high dust loads higher central excess air for sufficient burnout boiler and flue gas treatment unit larger due to type of incineration (excess air) 9

Types of gas generators 10

Energy from biomass Gasification Principle: generation of carbon monoxide and hydrogen under sub-stoichiometric conditions (first phase) high temperature combustion in the second stage low gasification temperatures keep complicated fuels, e.g. chlorine and potassium, in the ash, thus reducing fouling and corrosion Advantages higher steam parameters due to absence of complicated substances; higher plant efficiency reduced maintenance & small plant components low investment and complexity Disadvantages not proven for highly contaminated wood waste yet no existing references larger 70 MWth yet 11

Direct relation of two systems temperature in C 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 excess air: 1,4 NOx excess air: ~ 0,5 excess air: 1,2 high temperature combustion CO streak low temperature CO streak low temperature high velocity with high dust content (alkaline metals: Na, K) grate lenght air DeNOx alkaline condensation (Na, K) gasifier hight gases to burner controlled burnout fuel ash cool ashes ash cooling low dust content air for drying air for gasifying and pyrolysis air for carbon burnout in ash high ash heat loss 12 air air preheating air for carbon burnout air for degasifying and pyrolysis air for drying fuel

Advantages of counter current flow gasification 1) Spatial separation of drying and gasification from the combustion process leads to uniform flue gas burnout. 2) Little excess air (20 %) in the subsequent combustion system leads to a smaller boiler (~25 %) and a smaller flue gas treatment unit. 3) Simpler and more robust gasification reactor less prone to interference 4) Little loss of fuel due to extremely low carbon levels in the ash and cold ash removal 5) Concentration of nitrous oxide in the flue gas at a minimum even at a high concentration in the fuel due to low gasification temperature 6) Low levels of dust and contaminants, since the gasifier s fixed bed serves as a filter in the counter flow higher efficiency factor than the entire plant, since the boiler runs with higher steam parameters at low facility costs 13

Energy from biomass Gasification references >100 references for biomass gasification plants (1-70MWth) Simple scale-up to 40MWel >40MWel plants possible, but unusual for biomass; gasifier adaptation necessary MWth 5 25 40 70 130 14

Gasifying Plant with Eckrohrkessel boiler 15

40 MW Gasifying Plant Villacanas 16

Contact Prof. Dr.-Ing. Udo Hellwig p: +49 30 8977 460 e: uhellwig@eckrohrkessel.com Michael Beyer p: +49 30 8977 4615 e: mbeyer@eckrohrkessel.com Address: Am Treptower Park 28-30 Schuckert-Höfe, Haus A 12435 Berlin Germany 17

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