Number of widowed persons as a percentage of the total population aged 15 years and older. Total. Population:

Life Domain: Population, Households and Families Goal Dimension: Socio-Economic Structure Measurement Dimension: Population and Household Structure Subdimension: Structure of Population by Marital Status Indicator: A7334 Widowed Persons Definition: Number of widowed persons as a percentage of the total population aged 15 years and older Population: Total Country 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 EU-12 EU-15 EU-25 A 11,0 9,7 9,0 9,1 9,0 B 9,5 9,2 8,9 8,9 8,8 8,8 8,7 8,7 D 10,0 10,0 10,3 9,7 9,5 9,4 9,4 9,3 9,2 9,0 8,8 10,0 8,7 D-W D-E DK 8,3 8,3 8,4 8,4 8,5 8,5 8,5 8,5 8,5 8,5 8,5 8,5 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,3 8,3 8,2 8,1 8,1 8,0 7,9 7,8 7,7 E 9,0 8,9 8,7 8,7 8,8 8,7 8,6 8,4 8,2 8,3 8,3 8,4 8,2 8,2 8,1 8,0 8,0 7,9 8,0 8,1 F 9,3 9,3 9,2 8,8 8,8 8,7 8,6 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,3 8,3 8,2 8,3 8,0 FIN 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,3 8,3 8,2 8,1 8,0 8,0 7,9 7,8 7,7 7,6 7,5 6,0 5,9 5,9 GB 9,2 9,2 9,2 9,1 9,1 9,1 8,8 8,9 8,9 8,9 8,8 8,9 8,9 8,8 8,7 8,6 8,5 8,4 GR 8,0 8,1 9,1 I 8,8 8,8 9,0 9,0 9,0 9,0 9,0 9,0 9,0 9,1 9,1 9,1 IRL 7,5 7,4 7,3 7,3 6,7 6,8 6,8 6,6 6,0 N-IRL L 9,5 9,2 9,3 9,2 NL 6,9 6,9 6,9 7,0 7,0 7,0 7,0 7,0 7,0 7,0 7,0 7,0 7,0 7,0 6,9 6,9 6,9 6,7 5,6 5,4 5,4 P 8,2 8,1 S 8,1 8,2 8,2 8,2 8,3 8,3 8,3 8,3 8,2 8,2 8,1 8,1 8,0 8,0 7,9 7,9 7,8 7,8 7,7 7,8 7,8 7,7 7,5 7,4 UK 9,2 9,0 CY 6,4 6,3 5,9 CZ 9,6 10,0 9,9 9,7 9,3 9,2 9,1 8,9 EE H 10,2 10,4 10,6 10,7 10,8 10,9 11,0 11,1 11,1 11,2 11,2 11,2 11,2 11,3 11,3 11,4 11,4 11,4 11,4 11,5 11,5 11,6 11,6 11,6 11,6 LV LT 9,7 10,7 MT PL 8,5 8,6 9,0 9,0 9,8 9,3 SK 6,7 6,7 7,1 7,1 7,1 7,1 7,1 7,1 7,2 7,1 7,0 6,9 SI CH 7,3 7,3 7,3 7,3 7,2 7,2 7,2 7,2 7,3 7,2 7,3 7,3 7,2 7,2 7,2 7,2 7,1 7,1 N 8,0 8,1 8,1 8,2 8,2 8,2 8,3 8,3 8,3 8,2 8,2 8,3 8,2 8,2 8,2 8,1 8,1 8,1 8,0 7,9 7,8 39,2 7,6 7,4 U.S. 7,4 7,2 6,9 6,6 6,6 6,6 6,6 6,5 JAP 7,6 7,7 7,6 7,8 8,0 Source: s. next page

Sources of Indicator A7334 Widowed Persons Austria 1981: Österreichisches Statistisches Zentralamt (Östat), Statistisches Handbuch für die Republik Österreich, 1990 (results of population census of May 12, 1981); Austria 1991: Statistik Austria, Statistisches Jahrbuch Österreichs 2001 (results of population census of May 15, 1991); Austria 1996-1998: Statistik Österreich, Mikrozensus, Jahresergebnisse, 1996, 1997, 1998; Belgium 1981;1991: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base, available at http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbprint.html; Belgium 1995-2000: Institut National de Statistique (INS): Statistiques Demographiques, various years; Czech Republic 1991-1993, 1996,1997: Czech Statistical Office (CSO), Statistical Yearbook of the Czech Republic, various years; Czech Republic 1998: figures available online at http://www.czso.cz/eng/figures/1/10/2000/04.htm; Czech Republic 1999: figures available online at http://www.czso.cz/eng/figures/4/40/040499.htm; Cyprus 1982, 1992, 2001: Statistical Office Cyprus, Statistical Yearbook 2002; Denmark: Figures for Population: Eurostat; Figures for Marital Status : Danmarks Statistik, retrieval of database at http://www.statistikbanken.dk; Finland 1980-1999: Statistics Finland, Population Structure, Helsinki 2000; Finland 2000-2004: Statistics Finland; Statistical Yearbooks 2000-2003; France 1980-1982,1987-1989,1991: Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE), Annuaire Statistique de la France, various years; France 1992-1998: Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE), La Situation Démographique en 1992...1998; France 1999: Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE), Recensement de la population 1999, figures available online at http://www.recensement.insee.fr; Germany 1989-1998: Statistisches Bundesamt, Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, various years; Great Britain 1980-1990: Office for National Statistics (ONS), Annual Abstract of Statistics; various years; Great Britain 1992-1998: Office for National Statistics (ONS), Marriage, Divorce and Adoption Statistics, Series FM2 No. 26; General Register Office for Scotland, Annual Report, various years; figures for Scotland 1992-1995 provided by the General Register Office for Scotland; Greece 1981, 1991: National Statistical Service of Greece, Concise Statistical Yearbook of Greece, 1990, 1991 and 1996, 1997; Hungary: Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH), Statistical Yearbook of Hungary, various years; Ireland 1981, 1991: Central Statistics Office (CSO), Statistical Abstract, various years; Ireland 1986, 1988: United Nations, Demographic Yearbook 1990; Ireland 1996: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbprint.html; Ireland 1998-2000: Central Statistics Office (CSO), Population and Migration Estimates; Italy 1981: Istituto Centrale di Statistica (ISTAT), Annuario Statistico Italiano, 1986; Italy 1993-1998: Istituto Nationale di Statistica (ISTAT), Popolazione per sesso, età e stato civile nelle province e nei grandi comuni, various years; Italy 1991:U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbprint.html; Italy 2000: Istituto Nationale di Statistica (ISTAT), figures available online at http://demo.istat.it/e/pop1/start.html; Japan: Statistics Bureau of Japan, Management and Coordination Agency, Government of Japan, Japan Statistical Yearbook 2001; ;Japan 2000: Statistics Bureau of Japan, Population of Japan 2000; ; Lithuania 1988, 2001: Statistical Office; Statistical Yearbook 2002; Luxembourg 1981, 1987, 1990, 1991: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbprint.html; Netherlands 1981-1986, 1988-1997: Statistics Netherlands (CBS), Statistical Yearbook of Netherlands, various years; Netherlands 1998-2004: Statistics Netherlands (CBS), figures available online at http://www.cbs.nl/en/figures/keyfigures/sbv0611y.htm; Norway 1980-1996: Statistics Norway, Population Statistics 1996, Volume II, Population 1 January; Norway 1997-2004: Statistics Norway, Statistical Yearbook, various years; Poland 1980-1984: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbprint.html; Poland 1988, 1995: Central Statistical Office of Poland (GUS), Demographic Yearbook of Poland 2000; Poland 2002: Statistical Yearbook Poland 2004; Portugal 1981, 1991: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbprint.html; Slovakia: Statistical Office Slovakia, Statistical Yearbook various years; Spain: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), database available at http://www.ine.es/tempus/cgi-bin/iti; Sweden 1980, 1981, 2000-2003: Statistics Sweden (SCB), Statistical Yearbook of Sweden; Sweden 1982-1999: Statistiska Centralbyran (SCB), Befolkningsstatistik 1993, 1999; Switzerland 1980, 1984-1988 male/female: Bundesamt für Statistik (BFS), Bevölkerungsbewegung in der Schweiz 1993, 1998; Switzerland 1981-1988 total: Bundesamt für Statistik (BFS): Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Schweiz, various years; Switzerland 1989-1998: Bundesamt für Statistik (BFS), Bevölkerungsbewegung in der Schweiz 1993, 1998; United Kingdom 1981, 1991: Office for National Statistics (ONS), Annual Abstract of Statistics, various years; United States: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base, available at http://www.census.gov/population/socdemo/msla/tabms-1txt

Life Domain: Population, Households and Families Goal Dimension: Socio-Economic Structure Measurement Dimension: Population and Household Structure Subdimension: Structure of Population by Marital Status Indicator: A7334 Widowed Persons Definition: Number of widowed persons as a percentage of the total population aged 15 years and older Population: Men Country 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 EU-12 EU-15 EU-25 A 3,3 2,9 2,8 2,9 2,8 B 4,0 3,6 3,4 3,4 3,4 3,3 3,3 3,3 D 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,0 3,2 3,2 3,2 D-W D-E DK 3,7 3,7 3,7 3,7 3,7 3,7 3,6 3,6 3,6 3,6 3,6 3,6 3,6 3,6 3,6 3,6 3,6 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,4 3,4 3,4 E 3,5 3,3 3,3 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,0 2,9 2,9 3,0 3,0 3,0 2,8 2,8 2,8 2,7 2,8 2,8 2,8 F 3,3 3,3 3,3 3,1 3,0 3,0 2,9 2,9 2,9 2,8 2,8 2,8 2,8 2,8 2,8 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 FIN 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,5 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 GB 3,7 3,6 3,7 3,7 3,6 3,6 3,2 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,7 3,7 3,6 3,6 3,6 3,6 3,5 GR 2,3 2,6 2,6 I 3,1 3,0 2,9 2,9 2,9 2,9 2,9 2,9 2,9 2,9 2,9 2,9 IRL 3,1 3,1 3,0 3,0 2,7 2,9 3,0 2,8 2,5 N-IRL L 3,6 3,2 3,2 3,2 NL 2,7 2,7 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,6 2,5 2,5 2,6 2,6 2,5 P 3,0 3,1 S 3,6 3,6 3,6 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,4 3,4 3,3 3,3 3,3 3,3 3,3 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,1 3,1 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,1 3,1 UK 3,7 3,7 CY 2,7 2,5 2,3 CZ 2,8 3,2 3,1 3,1 2,8 2,8 2,7 2,7 EE H 3,5 3,6 3,7 3,7 3,8 3,8 3,8 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,8 3,8 3,8 3,8 LV LT 2,7 3,1 MT PL 2,5 2,5 2,7 2,9 3,0 2,9 SK 2,1 2,0 2,3 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,1 2,0 1,9 SI CH 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 N 3,4 3,4 3,4 3,3 3,3 3,3 3,3 3,3 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,0 3,0 2,9 2,9 2,9 U.S. 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,3 2,3 2,5 2,7 2,5 JAP 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,5 2,7 Source: s. next page

Sources of Indicator A7334 Widowed Persons Austria 1981: Österreichisches Statistisches Zentralamt (Östat), Statistisches Handbuch für die Republik Österreich, 1990 (results of population census of May 12, 1981); Austria 1991: Statistik Austria, Statistisches Jahrbuch Österreichs 2001 (results of population census of May 15, 1991); Austria 1996-1998: Statistik Österreich, Mikrozensus, Jahresergebnisse, 1996, 1997, 1998; Belgium 1981;1991: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base, available at http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbprint.html; Belgium 1995-2000: Institut National de Statistique (INS): Statistiques Demographiques, various years; Czech Republic 1991-1993, 1996,1997: Czech Statistical Office (CSO), Statistical Yearbook of the Czech Republic, various years; Czech Republic 1998: figures available online at http://www.czso.cz/eng/figures/1/10/2000/04.htm; Czech Republic 1999: figures available online at http://www.czso.cz/eng/figures/4/40/040499.htm; Cyprus 1982, 1992, 2001: Statistical Office Cyprus, Statistical Yearbook 2002; Denmark: Figures for Population: Eurostat; Figures for Marital Status : Danmarks Statistik, retrieval of database at http://www.statistikbanken.dk;/; Finland 1980-1999: Statistics Finland, Population Structure, Helsinki 2000; Finland 2000-2004: Statistics Finland; Statistical Yearbooks 2000-2003; France 1980-1982,1987-1989,1991: Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE), Annuaire Statistique de la France, various years; France 1992-1998: Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE), La Situation Démographique en 1992...1998; France 1999: Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE), Recensement de la population 1999, figures available online at http://www.recensement.insee.fr; France 1990, 2000-2004: Insee, La France en faits et chiffres, Online; Germany 1989-1998: Statistisches Bundesamt, Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, various years; Great Britain 1980-1990: Office for National Statistics (ONS), Annual Abstract of Statistics; various years; Great Britain 1992-1998: Office for National Statistics (ONS), Marriage, Divorce and Adoption Statistics, Series FM2 No. 26; General Register Office for Scotland, Annual Report, various years; figures for Scotland 1992-1995 provided by the General Register Office for Scotland; Greece 1981, 1991: National Statistical Service of Greece, Concise Statistical Yearbook of Greece, 1990, 1991 and 1996, 1997; Hungary: Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH), Statistical Yearbook of Hungary, various years; Ireland 1981, 1991: Central Statistics Office (CSO), Statistical Abstract, various years; Ireland 1986, 1988: United Nations, Demographic Yearbook 1990; Ireland 1996: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbprint.html; Ireland 1998-2000: Central Statistics Office (CSO), Population and Migration Estimates; Italy 1981: Istituto Centrale di Statistica (ISTAT), Annuario Statistico Italiano, 1986; Italy 1993-1998: Istituto Nationale di Statistica (ISTAT), Popolazione per sesso, età e stato civile nelle province e nei grandi comuni, various years; Italy 1991:U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbprint.html; Italy 2000: Istituto Nationale di Statistica (ISTAT), figures available online at http://demo.istat.it/e/pop1/start.html; Japan: Statistics Bureau of Japan, Management and Co-ordination Agency, Government of Japan, Japan Statistical Yearbook 2001; ;Japan 2000: Statistics Bureau of Japan, Population of Japan 2000; Lithuania 1988, 2001: Statistical Office; Statistical Yearbook 2002; Luxembourg 1981, 1987, 1990, 1991: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbprint.html; Netherlands 1981-1986, 1988-1997: Statistics Netherlands (CBS), Statistical Yearbook of Netherlands, various years; Netherlands 1998-2000: Statistics Netherlands (CBS), figures available online at http://www.cbs.nl/en/figures/keyfigures/sbv0611y.htm; Norway 1980-1996: Statistics Norway, Population Statistics 1996, Volume II, Population 1 January; Norway 1997-2004: Statistics Norway, Statistical Yearbook, various years; Poland 1980-1984: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbprint.html; Poland 1988, 1995: Central Statistical Office of Poland (GUS), Demographic Yearbook of Poland 2000; Poland 2002: Statistical Yearbook Poland 2004; Portugal 1981, 1991: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbprint.html; Slovakia: Statistical Office Slovakia, Statistical Yearbook various years; Spain: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), database available at http://www.ine.es/tempus/cgibin/iti; Sweden 1980, 1981, 2000-2003: Statistics Sweden (SCB), Statistical Yearbook of Sweden; Sweden 1982-1999: Statistiska Centralbyran (SCB), Befolkningsstatistik 1993, 1999; Switzerland 1980, 1984-1988 male/female: Bundesamt für Statistik (BFS), Bevölkerungsbewegung in der Schweiz 1993, 1998; Switzerland 1981-1988 total: Bundesamt für Statistik (BFS): Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Schweiz, various years; Switzerland 1989-1998: Bundesamt für Statistik (BFS), Bevölkerungsbewegung in der Schweiz 1993, 1998; United Kingdom 1981, 1991: Office for National Statistics (ONS), Annual Abstract of Statistics, various years; United States: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base, available at http://www.census.gov/population/socdemo/ms-la/tabms-1txt

Life Domain: Population, Households and Families Goal Dimension: Socio-Economic Structure Measurement Dimension: Population and Household Structure Subdimension: Structure of Population by Marital Status Indicator: A7334 Widowed Persons Definition: Number of widowed persons as a percentage of the total population aged 15 years and older Population: Women Country 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 EU-12 EU-15 EU-25 A 17,6 15,9 14,7 14,9 14,7 B 14,7 14,4 14,1 14,1 14,0 13,9 13,8 13,7 D 16,3 16,2 16,9 15,8 15,5 15,4 15,2 15,1 14,9 14,7 14,2 16,4 13,9 D-W D-E DK 12,7 12,8 12,8 12,9 13,0 13,1 13,1 13,1 13,2 13,2 13,2 13,1 13,1 13,0 13,0 12,9 12,8 12,7 12,6 12,5 12,3 12,2 12,0 11,8 E 14,0 14,0 13,7 13,8 13,9 13,8 13,6 13,4 13,1 13,3 13,3 13,4 13,0 13,2 13,0 12,9 12,8 12,7 12,9 13,0 F 14,9 14,8 14,8 14,2 14,1 14,0 13,9 13,8 13,6 13,5 13,5 13,4 13,3 13,2 13,3 13,0 13,0 13,0 12,9 12,8 12,7 FIN 13,7 13,7 13,7 13,7 13,7 13,7 13,7 13,7 13,6 13,6 13,4 13,3 13,2 13,1 12,9 12,8 12,7 12,5 12,4 12,2 3,5 9,8 9,7 9,6 GB 14,4 14,3 14,3 14,2 14,2 14,1 14,0 13,9 13,9 13,8 13,7 13,9 13,8 13,7 13,5 13,3 13,1 13,0 GR 13,2 13,4 15,4 I 14,0 14,2 14,6 14,6 14,6 14,6 14,7 14,7 14,7 14,8 14,8 14,8 IRL 11,8 11,7 11,6 11,4 10,5 10,6 10,5 10,2 9,5 N-IRL L 15,1 14,7 15,0 14,8 NL 11,0 11,0 11,1 11,1 11,2 11,2 11,2 11,3 11,3 11,3 11,3 11,3 11,3 11,2 11,2 11,2 11,1 10,8 P 12,8 12,5 S 12,5 12,6 12,7 12,8 12,8 12,9 12,9 12,9 12,9 12,8 12,7 12,7 12,6 12,5 12,4 12,4 12,3 12,2 12,1 12,4 12,2 12,0 11,8 11,6 UK 14,3 13,9 CY 10,0 9,9 9,2 CZ 15,8 16,2 16,1 15,9 15,3 15,1 14,9 14,8 EE H 16,3 16,6 16,8 17,0 17,2 17,3 17,5 17,6 17,7 17,8 17,8 17,8 17,8 17,9 18,0 18,0 18,1 18,1 18,2 18,2 18,3 18,5 18,5 18,5 18,4 LV LT 15,6 17,0 MT PL 14,0 14,1 14,7 14,7 16,0 15,1 SK 11,1 11,2 11,7 11,7 11,8 11,8 11,8 11,8 11,9 11,8 11,7 11,7 SI CH 11,6 11,5 11,7 11,7 11,6 11,6 11,5 11,5 11,4 11,4 N 12,5 12,6 12,7 12,8 12,9 13,0 13,0 13,1 13,1 13,1 13,1 13,1 13,1 13,0 13,0 12,9 12,9 12,8 12,7 12,6 12,5 12,3 12,1 11,9 U.S. 12,0 11,5 11,0 10,6 10,6 10,4 10,3 10,2 JAP 12,4 12,7 12,4 12,8 13,0 Source: s. next page

Sources of Indicator A7334 Widowed Persons Austria 1981: Österreichisches Statistisches Zentralamt (Östat), Statistisches Handbuch für die Republik Österreich, 1990 (results of population census of May 12, 1981); Austria 1991: Statistik Austria, Statistisches Jahrbuch Österreichs 2001 (results of population census of May 15, 1991); Austria 1996-1998: Statistik Österreich, Mikrozensus, Jahresergebnisse, 1996, 1997, 1998; Belgium 1981;1991: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base, available at http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbprint.html; Belgium 1995-2000: Institut National de Statistique (INS): Statistiques Demographiques, various years; Czech Republic 1991-1993, 1996,1997: Czech Statistical Office (CSO), Statistical Yearbook of the Czech Republic, various years; Czech Republic 1998: figures available online at http://www.czso.cz/eng/figures/1/10/2000/04.htm; Czech Republic 1999: figures available online at http://www.czso.cz/eng/figures/4/40/040499.htm; Cyprus 1982, 1992, 2001: Statistical Office Cyprus, Statistical Yearbook 2002 Denmark: Figures for Population: Eurostat; Figures for Marital Status : Danmarks Statistik, retrieval of database at http://www.statistikbanken.dk;finland 1980-1999: Statistics Finland, Population Structure, Helsinki 2000; Finland 2000-2004: Statistics Finland; Statistical Yearbooks 2000-2003; France 1980-1982,1987-1989,1991: Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE), Annuaire Statistique de la France, various years; France 1992-1998: Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE), La Situation Démographique en 1992...1998; France 1999: Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE), Recensement de la population 1999, figures available online at http://www.recensement.insee.fr; France 1990, 2000-2004: Insee, La France en faits et chiffres, Online; Germany 1989-1998: Statistisches Bundesamt, Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, various years; Great Britain 1980-1990: Office for National Statistics (ONS), Annual Abstract of Statistics; various years; Great Britain 1992-1998: Office for National Statistics (ONS), Marriage, Divorce and Adoption Statistics, Series FM2 No. 26; General Register Office for Scotland, Annual Report, various years; figures for Scotland 1992-1995 provided by the General Register Office for Scotland; Greece 1981, 1991: National Statistical Service of Greece, Concise Statistical Yearbook of Greece, 1990, 1991 and 1996, 1997; Hungary: Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH), Statistical Yearbook of Hungary, various years; Ireland 1981, 1991: Central Statistics Office (CSO), Statistical Abstract, various years; Ireland 1986, 1988: United Nations, Demographic Yearbook 1990; Ireland 1996: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbprint.html; Ireland 1998-2000: Central Statistics Office (CSO), Population and Migration Estimates; Italy 1981: Istituto Centrale di Statistica (ISTAT), Annuario Statistico Italiano, 1986; Italy 1993-1998: Istituto Nationale di Statistica (ISTAT), Popolazione per sesso, età e stato civile nelle province e nei grandi comuni, various years; Italy 1991:U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbprint.html; Italy 2000: Istituto Nationale di Statistica (ISTAT), figures available online at http://demo.istat.it/e/pop1/start.html; Japan: Statistics Bureau of Japan, Management and Co-ordination Agency, Government of Japan, Japan Statistical Yearbook 2001; ;Japan 2000: Statistics Bureau of Japan, Population of Japan 2000; Lithuania 1988, 2001: Statistical Office; Statistical Yearbook 2002; Luxembourg 1981, 1987, 1990, 1991: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbprint.html; Netherlands 1981-1986, 1988-1997: Statistics Netherlands (CBS), Statistical Yearbook of Netherlands, various years; Netherlands 1998-2000: Statistics Netherlands (CBS), figures available online at http://www.cbs.nl/en/figures/keyfigures/sbv0611y.htm; Norway 1980-1996: Statistics Norway, Population Statistics 1996, Volume II, Population 1 January; Norway 1997-2004: Statistics Norway, Statistical Yearbook, various years; Poland 1980-1984: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbprint.html; Poland 1988, 1995: Central Statistical Office of Poland (GUS), Demographic Yearbook of Poland 2000; Poland 2002: Statistical Yearbook Poland 2004; Portugal 1981, 1991: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbprint.html; Slovakia: Statistical Office Slovakia, Statistical Yearbook various years; Spain: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), database available at http://www.ine.es/tempus/cgibin/iti; Sweden 1980, 1981, 2000-2003: Statistics Sweden (SCB), Statistical Yearbook of Sweden; Sweden 1982-1999: Statistiska Centralbyran (SCB), Befolkningsstatistik 1993, 1999; Switzerland 1980, 1984-1988 male/female: Bundesamt für Statistik (BFS), Bevölkerungsbewegung in der Schweiz 1993, 1998; Switzerland 1981-1988 total: Bundesamt für Statistik (BFS): Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Schweiz, various years; Switzerland 1989-1998: Bundesamt für Statistik (BFS), Bevölkerungsbewegung in der Schweiz 1993, 1998; United Kingdom 1981, 1991: Office for National Statistics (ONS), Annual Abstract of Statistics, various years; United States: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base, available at http://www.census.gov/population/socdemo/ms-la/tabms-1txt