Introduction LAB J - WORLD CLIMATE ZONES The objective of this lab is to familiarize the student with the various climates around the world and the climate controls that influence these climates. Students will also be introduced to climographs, a graphic presentation of the temperature and precipitation averages (climate) for individual locations (stations). The chief advantage of using climographs is the visual representation of a full year of data for easy station to station comparison. Monthly average temperatures are shown by means of a line graph. Monthly average precipitation totals are shown by a bar graph. Materials needed: lecture notes, textbook, atlas, and other handout resources Part I. Locations, Climate Names and Symbols The following pages contain 14 climographs for various stations around the world. Using what you have learned in lecture, examine each of the climographs paying special attention to the temperature and precipitation characteristics. After answering the questions regarding the patterns and variability in the temperatures and precipitation, you should be able to assign the Köppen symbol and climate name for each location. This is a very long lab so to shorten things a bit, do the following: for each climograph, answer questions 1-4 & 6. Then pick four climographs (any 4 you want) and answer question # where you are to determine the climate controls that influence each location and discuss their influence on that location s climate. The climate controls discussed in the text and during lecture were: Latitude (sun angle insolation), Atmospheric Circulation (pressure zones, winds, shift in the ITCZ), Air Masses (E, cp, ca, mp, ct, mt), Ocean Currents (warm, cool, cold water), Elevation, Topography (mountain barriers), Continentality (location interior to a continent), or land-water heating contrast and Storms. Try to be specific when discussing a control, for example, name the ocean current and state if it is warm or cool-cold and what influence the current has toward the climate of that location. Note: there are 14 climographs and 1 numbers on the world map - therefore, one location will not have a corresponding climograph and will not be used. The climograph on Page J-2 has been completed. Review this climograph and use it as a model for the rest of the lab. J-1
1 8 2 6 4 2 1 1-2 -4-6 Climograph A: through the seasons? Moderate difference between summer and winter temperatures. Winter (Nov Jan) mild, summer (Jun Aug) warm. a. Highest: 7 F b. Lowest: 42 F c. Range: 28 F 3. Describe the pattern of precipitation in terms of yearly amount and seasonality? This location receives an even distribution of precipitation no dry season. Each month receives at least two inches of precipitation for a total of about 3 inches. Climate Name: Marine West Coast Köppen Symbol: Cfb location? Latitude: located in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes. This location results in a moderately large difference between winter and summer average temperatures (Jan. 43 F Jul. 7 F) Maritime Location: adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean, water serves to moderate both winter and summer temperatures. North Atlantic Current is a warm current which keeps the average temperatures in the winter fairly warm. The extremes of more interior/inland locations (continentality) are absent. Atmospheric Circulation/Air Masses: In the zone of the Westerlies. West coast France receives moist, cool (mp) air year round. No dry season. A moderate, moist climate. Bordeaux, France location #6 on map of the world J-2
1 8 2 6 4 2 1 1-2 -4-6 Climograph B J-3
1 8 2 6 4 2 1 1-2 -4-6 Climograph C J-4
1 8 2 6 4 2 1 1-2 -4-6 Climograph D J-
1 8 2 6 4 2 1 1-2 -4-6 Climograph E J-6
1 8 2 6 4 2 1 1-2 -4-6 Climograph F J-7
1 8 6 2 4 2 1 1-2 -4-6 Climograph G J-8
1 8 6 2 4 2 1 1-2 -4-6 Climograph H J-9
1 8 6 2 4 2 1 1-2 -4-6 Climograph I J-1
1 8 6 2 4 2 1 1-2 -4-6 Climograph J J-11
1 8 6 2 4 2 1 1-2 -4-6 Climograph K J-12
1 8 6 2 4 2 1 1-2 -4-6 Climograph L J-13
1 8 2 6 4 2 1 1-2 -4-6 Climograph M J-14
1 8 2 6 4 2 1 1-2 -4-6 Climograph N J-1
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Part II. Stations (locations) and Climate Descriptions From the following descriptions, identify the applicable climate name and write it in the space provided. 1. Located -7 miles inland of a west coast mountain range approximately 3 to 4 North latitude. Dry, hot summer. 2. Located on a west coast at approximately 3 to 4 North. Dry, warm summer. Similar to Santiago,Chile. 3. Located near an east coast at approximately 3 North or South. No dry season. Hot, humid summers. Frequent hurricanes Summer to late Fall. 4. Location with the greatest annual temperature range.. Location with the least annual temperature range. 6. Located where cp and mt air masses are in constant contact. 7. Climate class determined by this city's elevation, and its "rain shadow" location. Marine West Coast 8. Located on a west coast at 4 - North. Climate influenced by mp air masses. A moderate, moist climate. 9. Precipitation values describe a BWk climate but this desert is "frozen". 1. Large temperature range with very hot summers and very low precipitation mark this climate type. 11. A dry region, far from moisture sources, 4 - North. 12. Large amounts of precipitation with winter dry, little temperature change over the year. 13. Enormous summer rains occur after a short dry period. 14. A polar climate, but with no true summer. Warmest month between 32 F and F. J-17