ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION 2003 www.finnair.fi/group
AIR TRANSPORT BETTER THAN IT S REPUTATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS Finland is a geographical island and that s why air transport is particularly important for its well-being and competitiveness. Air transport has become an important everyday activity in our society, and it is a growing field of business. The interaction between air transport and the environment plays a significant role in this development. Key decisions are made from a long-term perspective. Greenhouse gas emissions, the air quality of airport surroundings and aircraft noise are the biggest challenges as Finnair reforms its operations in the spirit of sustainable development. Responsible action in environmental matters is based on Finnair s values. We take environmental aspects into account in all decision-making. We systematically gather and assess information about the environmental impact of the services we provide. Using the information received in this way, we are committed to continuous work in order to reduce environmental impact and improve the level of environmental protection. The entire world is our operating environment Finnair wants to be one of Europe s leading airlines also in environmental matters. The natural background to this aspiration consists of successful fleet solutions in terms of engine emissions and noise as well as local, rather strict, environmental requirements. The fragility of northern nature is also an important environmental aspect for us. In all of our activities we adhere to current environmental legislation and the environmental protection principles of the International Civil Aviation Organization ICAO. As a member of the International Air Transport Association IATA, we are also committed to reducing the environmental effects of our operations in an economically reasonable manner without jeopardizing air safety. Competitiveness also measured by environmental impact When people select a form of transport for a particular journey, Finnair wants to be competitive when making the journey by flying is deemed appropriate. In such instances, competitiveness also has an environmental component. From an environmental point of view, air transport is better than its reputation, and the introduction of new technologies has improved the environmental competitiveness of the business. For example, a full Airbus A321 aircraft can fly from Helsinki to Central Europe with a fuel consumption per passenger of less than three and a half litres per hundred kilometres! We consider it to be a sustainable principle to improve the compatibility of different forms of transport and to plan the transport network so that transferring from one form of transport to another is as easy as possible. The building of a rail link to Helsinki-Vantaa Airport is one desired development objective. More efficient sorting and recycling In its cabin service and catering operations Finnair has improved the sorting and recycling of waste. The carton in drinking cups can be recycled. Finnair Catering s ISO 14001 Environmental Management System provides the basis for effective guidance in environmental questions relating to cabin catering. The objective is to continually reduce the amount of unsorted waste. Noise reduced through fleet renewals Finnair s fleet renewal has been accelerated through the decommissioning of the old DC-9 aircraft. The backbone of the present fleet consists of Airbus A320 series aircraft, which are equipped with new, environmentally friendly technology. Finnair wants to be a good neighbour to residents living in the vicinity of Helsinki-Vantaa Airport. The CFM engines used in the Airbus aircraft reduce the noise disturbance in the immediate surroundings of airport. The CFM engine emissions also contain lower amounts of nitrogen oxides. Our fleet renewal will have a major effect on the ecological efficiency and noise levels of our operations. We can carry more passengers with less fuel consumption and fewer emissions. Finnair Technical Services will renew its environmental permit during 2004. The key goals are the lowering of solvent and heavy metal emissions. Jarmo Vilenius Senior Vice President, Technical Services Vice President Responsible for Environmental Affairs Finnair Plc 2
FINNAIR FLEET NOISE VALUES Balanced progress basis for noise prevention The Finnish Civil Aviation Administration is in charge of noise management at Finnish airports. For its own part, Finnair is responsible for decreasing the effects of noise by renewing its fleet and optimizing its takeoffs and approaches from a noise perspective. The common goal is for the smallest possible number of people to be affected by aircraft noise. Central to reaching this goal is to plan land use close to airports so that as little housing as possible exists in the vicinity of takeoff and approach routes. Noise certification standards for aircraft are determined byt the International Civil Aviation Administration ICAO. Noise measuring points are located beneath the takeoff and landing routes as well as at specific locations on the side of the runway. Noise limits for each measuring point are detetermined on the basis of the aircraft s maximum takeoff weight. Aircraft Engine Noise Takeoff noise/ Sideline noise/ Approach noise/ type type category ICAO noise limit CAO noise limit ICAO noise limit MD-11 GE CF6-80C2D1F chapter 3 94.7 / 102.3 96.2/101.8 104.1 / 105.0 B757-200 P&W 2040 chapter 3 87.3 / 93.7 94.4 / 98.2 98.1 / 101.8 B757-200 P&W 2040 chapter 3 89.7 / 94.1 94.2 / 98.4 98.1 / 102.0 A319-112 CFM56-5B6/2P chapter 3 83.4 / 90.9 93.0 / 96.4 94.7 / 100.2 A320-214 CFM56-5B4/2P chapter 3 83.6 / 91.3 94.1 / 96.7 96.0 / 100.4 A320-214 CFM56-5B4/2P chapter 3 84.9 / 91.6 93.9 / 96.9 96.0 / 100.6 A321-211 CFM56-5B3/2P chapter 3 86.4 / 92.2 97.9 / 97.2 97.0 / 100.9 A321-211 CFM56-5B3/2P chapter 3 88.3 / 92.6 97.6 / 97.5 97.0 / 101.1 MD-82 P&W JT8D-219 chapter 3 87.7 / 90.8 97.2 / 96.3 92.9 / 100.1 MD-82 P&W JT8D-219 chapter 3 88.6 / 91.0 97.1 / 96.5 92.9 / 100.2 MD-82/83 P&W JT8D-219 chapter 3 90.8 / 91.4 97.2 / 96.7 93.7 / 100.5 ATR 72 P&W124B chapter 3 86.5 / 89.0 84.7 / 94.0 94.1 / 98.0 Table 1. Finnair s aircraft types, engine types, noise certification classes, noise certification values and ICAO noise certification limits at different measuring points. Values in EPNdB (effective perceived noise). The noise values of the same aircraft type may differ due to different take-off weights. 3
AIR TRAFFIC EMISSIONS Cutting greenhouse gas emissions In aircraft engine emissions, figures for nitrogen oxides, unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are reported. Fuel consumption, number of operations as well as performance in revenue passenger kilometres (rpk) and revenue tonne kilometres (rtk) are also reported. Revenue tonne kilometres include the combined mass of passengers, baggage and cargo as well as the distance travelled. The result 133 grams per revenue tonne kilometre in 2003 given in table 3 can be considered excellent. Number of Nitrogen Unburned Carbon Carbon Fuel Flight operations oxides hydrocarbons monoxide dioxide consumption time tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes hours 2001 109 000 7 270 550 2 730 1 760 000 564 000 184 000 2002 99 000 6 950 510 3 070 1 690 000 540 000 175 000 2003 94 000 7 100 510 3 620 1 710 000 547 000 176 000 Change 02/03-5.4% 2.1% 1.3% 17.8% 1.3% 1.3% 0.6% Table 2. Number of flights, engine emissions, fuel consumption and total flight time from 2001 through 2003 including relative change from previous year. Million Nitrogen Unburned Carbon Carbon Fuel passenger oxides hydrocarbons monoxide dioxide consumption kilometres g/rpk g/rpk g/rpk g/rpk g/rpk 2001 13 000 0.56 0.042 0.21 136 44 2002 11 500 0.61 0.044 0.27 147 47 2003 12 900 0.55 0.040 0.28 133 43 Change 02/03 12.3% -9.1% -9.9% 4.9% -9.9% -9.9% Million Nitrogen Unburned Carbon Carbon Fuel tonne oxides hydrocarbons monoxide dioxide consumption kilometres g/rtk g/rtk g/rtk g/rtk g/rtk 2001 1 460 5.4 0.41 2.0 1 310 417 2002 1 410 5.0 0.36 2.2 1 200 383 2003 1 420 5.0 0.36 2.5 1 200 384 Change 02/03 1.0% 1.1% 0.2% 16.6% 0.2% 0.2% Table 3. Emissions from air traffic compared with revenue passenger kilometres (rpk) and with revenue tonne kilometres (rtk) from 2001 through 2003. The introduction of Airbus A320 family aircraft has decreased carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions. On the other hand, the engine type increases the amount of cabon monixide emissions, but the level is still low. 4
VOL ATILE SOLVENT EMISSIONS In 2003, the volume of VOC (volatile organic compound) emissions in aircraft maintenance and repair amounted to 21 000 kg. Table 4 provides more details on VOC emissions. Aliphatic Aromatic Ketones Alcohols Halo- Misc Total Total Total hydro- hydro- genated solvents. year year year carbons carbons hydro- 2003 2002 2001 carbons kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg Paints 3 800 3 800 4 600 3 700 Paint removers 5 000 5 000 7 800 6 200 Adhesives 700 700 800 900 Solvents 600 200 800 1 800 2 100 5 500 6 600 7 200 Anticorrosion agents 500 500 1 900 1 000 Cleaning agents 100 300 400 900 1 700 Mineral oil solvent 4000 4000 4 500 4 000 Trichloroethylene 1 100 1 100 2 200 2 000 Total 5 100 200 800 1 900 6 100 6 900 21 000 29 300 26 700 Table 4. Solvent emissions in the Finnair technical area in 2003 and the respective figures for 2001 and 2002. The table shows both the type of solvent and the source of emissions. WATER COMSUMPTION AND WAS TEWATER Finnair aims to contribute to the decrease in water consumption by training and giving guidelines to personnel. The use of appropriate water equipment has also cut the amount of waste water. The balance of water consumption has also improved thanks to the use of counter current rinse in coating methods. The quality of wastewater has improved with the use of three sewage treatment facilities in the Finnair technical area. The facilities are in use around the clock. Wastewater quality is regularly monitored and is controlled by environmental authority permits. Water consumption (m3/a) 2003 113 000 2002 116 000 2001 127 000 Table 5. Water consumption by Finnair facilities at Helsinki-Vantaa Airport from 2001 through 2003. Finnair Technical Services are responsible for approximately 50% of the water consumption described in table 5. The share of Finnair Catering is approximately 30%. Water consumption has been under special focus and has been successfully reduced. Aircraft de-/anti-icing fluids create a dominant share of the wastewater burden at Finnair. The consumption can be seen from table 14. The quality of wastewater is controlled by samples taken from three different points. In addition, the treatment quality of wastewater containing cadmium is controlled separately. 5
FINNAIR C ATERING AND C ABIN SERVICE Waste from catering and cabin services is managed by Finnair Catering. Aluminum, glass and some plastics are sorted in the cabin. Finnair Catering implements the ISO 14001 environmental management system. Total Total Total 2003 2002 2001 tonnes tonnes tonnes Unsorted waste 1 910 1 800 1 760 Biodegradable waste 51.1 75.0 56.3 Energy waste 186 81.4 70.8 Glass 229 219 193 Cardboard 155 159 268 Paper 372 404 381 Plastic (recyclable) 5.8 11.4 15.3 Aluminium (total) 19.9 10.8 48.4 Metals 12.2 19.6 2.7 Exploitable waste total 845 987 1 040 Total 2 760 2 780 2 800 Exploitability % 30.6 35.5 37.1 Table 6. Waste volumes from Finnair cabin services and Finnair Catering by category from 2001 through 2003. WAS TE FROM AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE Finnair Technical Services maintains not only the Finnair fleet but also their customer airlines aircraft. The target is to keep the sorting and recycling rate of waste at a high level. A large amount of problem waste is produced in aircraft maintenance. The collection and disposal of this waste is done responsibly by the Technical Services storage organisation. These activities are also controlled by strict environmental authority permits. Waste Waste Waste Waste in 2003 in 2002 in 2001 tonnes tonnes tonnes Ultrafiltration concentrate 13 19 37 Metallic hydroxide sediment 1.4 2.0 2.5 Cleaning solvent 32 46 43 Waste oil 64 57 70 Waste adhesives and paint 34 21 18 Paint thinner 10 10 10 Other waste solvent 15 3.0 16 Items containing heavy metals, such as batteries 1.0 18 5.4 Dust from plastic blasting equipment 5.8 4.1 5.0 Electronics waste 0.8 3.4 Scrap metal 58.7 130 160 Tires 11 21 17 Cardboard 30 33 35 Paper 70 72 70 Biodegradable waste from personnel canteens 38 37 12 Municipal waste 260 870 800 Table 7. Waste produced in aircraft repair and maintenance from 2001 through 2003. 6
GROUND EQUIPMENT FUEL CONSUMPTION 2003/litres 2002/litres 2001/litres 95E gasoline 80 000 53 000 85 000 Diesel 537 000 413 000 596 000 Heating oil 1 290 000 784 000 1 155 000 Table 8. The volumes of liquid fuels used by Finnair s ground support equipment from 2001 through 2003. 2003/tonnes 2002/tonnes 2001/tonnes Carbon dioxide (CO2) 5 090 3 300 4 900 Carbon monoxide (CO) 29 32 34 Hydrocarbons (HC) 7.6 8.4 8.5 Nitrogen oxides (NOx) 23 27 27 Particles 3.7 3.9 3.8 Table 9. The emissions from Finnair s ground equipment at Helsinki-Vantaa Airport from 2001 through 2003. The Carbon dioxide emissions have been calculated directly from fuel consumption on the basis of rates given by fuel suppliers. Other emissions have been calculated with the help of the LIPASTO programme developed for traffic emission calculations. Finnair has approximately 800 ground equipment vehicles. Ground support equipment emissions at other domestic stations counted for about 4% of Helsinki-Vantaa Airport ground support equipment emissions. HEATING FACILITIES Thermal energy consumption at Finnair facilities is greatly affected by the heating of large aircraft hangars in the winter. Opening the doors of the hangars makes a great impact on thermal energy consumption. A significant amount of energy can be saved if several aircraft can be moved in to the hangar at one time. Outside temperature also greatly influences consumption figures. Consumption of thermal energy in Finnair facilities MWh 2003 63 000 2002 57 300 2001 57 800 Rated consumption of thermal energy in Finnair facilities kwh/m3 2003 26.6 2002 24.0 2001 28.5 Table 10. Consumption of thermal energy in Finnair facilities from 2001 through 2003. Table 11. Rated consumption of thermal energy in Finnair facilities from 2001 through 2003. ELECTRICIT Y CONSUMPTION Most of modern technology is based on technology that uses electricity. Despite the fact that modern electrical appliances consume less electricity than old ones, the expansion of operations and increase in the use of electrical equipment in aircraft maintenance and facilities can be seen in the figures presenting electricity consumption. Electrical Energy Consumption at Finnair, MWh 2003 55 300 2002 54 200 2001 51 300 Specific consumption of electrical energy at Finnair, kwh/m3 2003 22.9 2002 22.4 2001 21.6 Table 12. Electrical energy consumption at Finnair from 2001 through 2003. Table 13. Specific consumption of electrical energy at Finnair from 2001 through 2003. 7
INCOMING MATERIAL FLOW S Raw materials and supplies used by Finnair Technical Services 2003 2002 2001 De-icing fluids 2 870 2 190 2 460 Adhesives and sealants 2.8 2.9 4.1 Paints 7.1 12.0 9.3 Paint removers 14 14 14 Wielding filler rods and thermal spray powder 0.9 0.9 0.7 Chemical for plating and water treatment 21 16 20 Anticorrosion agents 1.5 1.8 2.7 Cleaning agents containing solvents 84 76 75 Oils and hydraulic fluids 59 66 65 Table 14. Amounts of environmentally significant raw materials and supplies used by Finnair Technical services from 2001 through 2003. Material acquisitions by Finnair Catering as well as purchased equipment, spare parts and metallic materials are not included in the table. The consumption of aircraft fuel is presented in the chapters dealing with engine emissions. 8