Name Date Mastering the Content Circle the letter next to the best answer. 1. The Persian Empire began in present-day A. Iran. B. Italy. C. Russia. D. North Africa. Assessment: Fighting the Persian War 2. What was an advantage that Greece had over the Persians? A. more land B. more people C. better strategy D. strong central leadership 3. How did the Persian Empire expand its territory? A. by making friends B. by establishing colonies C. by paying others to join it D. by conquering its neighbors 4. Why did the Greeks care about what happened to Ionia? A. Greece belonged to the Turkish kingdom of Ionia. B. Greeks had established wealthy settlements in Ionia. C. Ionia was an island that had been conquered by Greece. D. Ionia was a Greek city-state between Athens and Sparta. 5. What was the outcome of the Ionian Revolt? A. The Ionians won their freedom. B. The Ionians became part of Greece. C. The Persians were defeated by Greece. D. The Persian army punished the Ionians. 6. Why did King Darius ask for presents of Greek earth and water? A. Greece was known for its fertile soil. B. Much of the Persian Empire was desert. C. Darius could not afford to pay money for those materials. D. Such gifts would mean that the Greeks had accepted Persian rule. 7. What was one reason Persia attacked Greece? A. Persia wanted revenge. B. Persia wanted farmland. C. Persia wanted Greek culture. D. Persia wanted better schools.
8. When Darius sent cavalry across the sea by boat, what must have been in the boats? A. horses B. cannons C. heavy armor D. wooden rams 9. To defeat the Persians at Marathon, the Greeks made use of A. a strong navy. B. a narrow valley. C. bows and arrows. D. long-distance runners. 10. Why did Xerxes cross the Hellespont? A. to get into the Aegean Sea B. to go from Asia into Europe C. to take the Greeks by surprise D. to escape through the mountains
11. Suppose that an Athenian soldier wrote this passage, about 480 B.C.E.. What does this passage indicate? I will stand shoulder to shoulder with the brave men of Greece- Spartans as well as my fellow Athenians- and fight to the death, if that is what it takes to stop the Persians. A. Greece had never been invaded before. B. Greek men had never fought without women before. C. Athens and Sparta together would be stronger than Persia. D. Athenians and Spartans would join to fight a common enemy. 12. What happened at the Battle of Thermopylae? A. The Spartans defeated the Persians. B. The Persians defeated the Spartans. C. The Athenians defeated the Persians. D. The Persians defeated the Athenians. 13. After the Persians burned Athens to the ground, how did the Athenians continue to fight? A. They used their navy. B. They agreed to surrender. C. They attacked several islands. D. They hid out in the mountains. 14. Which of these factors most affected the outcome of the Battle of Salamis? A. Persian use of a Greek spy B. Greek swords, spears, and armor C. Greek knowledge of local waterways D. Persian bridge made by roping boats together 15. Why was the Battle of Plataea important? A. It let Greece rule Persia. B. It caused Persia to attack. C. It ended the Persian wars. D. It destroyed the Persian navy. 16. What was an important result of the Persian wars? A. They ended Greek independence. B. They destroyed the city of Sparta. C. They caused the Greeks to invent new gods. D. They prevented Persia from conquering Greece.
Applying Social Studies Skills Use the timeline and your knowledge of history to answer the questions. Write the word or phrase in the space provided. 17. The Battle of Salamis took place about ten years after what event? 18. Athens was burned to the ground between the battles of Thermopylae and Salamis. As a result, many Athenian families lost their homes in what year? 19. In some periods, major events or battles are spread over a number of years. In other periods, several major events or battles occur close together in time. Find both kinds of periods on the timeline. From the spacing of events on the timeline, what can you conclude?
Exploring the Essential Question: What factors influenced the outcome of the Persian wars? 20. Suppose that you are making a speech in a Greek city-state during the period of the Persian wars. Complete the sentences below to offer and explain three pieces of advice about how the Greeks can defeat the Persians. Your advice should be related to events that actually happened during the wars, and to the factors that influenced their outcome. a. Fellow Greeks, to defeat the Persians, you should... b. In addition, to defeat the Persians, I recommend that you should... c. Finally, to defeat the Persians, you should...