Trust in Professions 2014. GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 1

Trust in Professions 2014 GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 1

Introduction If you can trust someone, you don t need a contract. If you can t trust him, a contract is useless (J.P. Getty) In societies resting on the division of labour, professions are functionally of central importance: outside their private sphere of life, citizens and consumers come primarily into contact with representatives of professional groups, such as doctors, craftsmen, policemen or traders. Reciprocated trust is important to these relationships. This global study encompasses the empirically researched trust in over 30 professions with which people, directly or indirectly (i.e. medially communicated), can or must enter into relationships in their daily lives. In doing so, the selection process concentrated on professions that are actually present in all 25 of the countries examined. The global trust ranking is led by undisputed professions, which are essential for the basic functioning of economy and society and which must be able to be relied on especially in emergencies and other exceptional circumstances: fire fighters, paramedics, technicians and doctors, but also pilots and craftsmen. Professions such as bank assistants, traders or retailers, journalists as well as civil servants and policemen are in the trust midfield, but present themselves as very controversial in the assessment in a wide range (min. 20% and max. 80%) between individual countries. Are women more trusting than men? For Germany and a number of other European countries, it appears that women have more trust in a whole host of professions: these include priests, mayors and civil servants as well as market and opinion researchers and bank assistants but also actors and TV hosts. Men on the other hand tend to trust more strongly in technical professions such as engineers, computer specialists and architects but also professional athletes. In addition, this report contains the results of an online analysis for five selected professions in Germany and Great Britain: in Germany, policemen are subjected to the most statements or comments, market and opinion researchers the least and bankers are discussed in a negative context by far the most often on the Internet. Ronald Frank GfK Verein GfK 2014 GfK SE Contents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 2

Global Trust Around 28,000 interviews were carried out in 25 selected countries in Europe, North and South America, in the Asia/Pacific region and in Africa. Taking age restrictions into account, those questioned represent a good 2.2 billion people worldwide. The trust of the population was ascertained in 32 different professional groups. In a comparison of top professional groups in the 25 countries, i.e. the professional groups that are trusted the most, fire fighters are the favourites. In 15 of the 25 countries considered, they are at the top of the list. In each of three countries, the rankings are led by nurses or doctors, respectively. In one country in each case, the most trustworthy professional groups are the paramedics, pharmacists, farmers and teachers, the latter together with the doctors. Amongst the professional groups that meet with the lowest level of trust, the picture is more homogenous: with the exception of only two countries, the lowest level of trust is engendered by politicians. In Sweden, traders are met with the greatest scepticism, in Indonesia the insurance salesmen however, in both countries, the politicians are in the second-lowest position. Calculation of an average level of trust across all professional groups for each country shows that in South Africa, India und Canada cross-professional trust is at its greatest. Japan, Brazil and Argentina are at the lower end of the rank order with the least trust. mark, 10 of the 32 professional groups engender a very high level of trust. Mayors, insurance salesmen and politicians meet with the least amount of trust across all countries. At the same time, trust levels inside the 25 countries varies strongly. The professional group of bank assistants features the greatest spread of more than 70 percentage points: at 14%, trust in Spain is at its weakest and in India at 88% at its strongest. Trust in architects on the other hand proves to be the most consistent: here, the distance between the highest and lowest trust ratings is only 26 percentage points (90% in Canada versus 64% in South Korea). Besides the average level of trust in each country, the trust was calculated in individual professional groups across all countries. To this end, the country results were weighted in accordance with the respective number of inhabitants. The fire fighters are in the lead here, closely followed by the nurses and doctors. All the same, with ratings over the 80% GfK 2014 GfK SE Contents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 3

65 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 60 59 57 56 55 Trust in professions at a glance (Average of I completely/generally trust across all professional groups, in %) 81 78 77 75 73 72 72 71 70 68 67 67 67 South Africa India Canada Indonesia USA Turkey Belgium Switzerland Netherlands France Ø all countries Austria Sweden UK Poland Australia Germany Kenya Russia Spain Nigeria Italy South Korea Japan Brazil Argentina Base: 28,659 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 4

Professions with the highest trust rating per country UK BELGIUM Fire fighters 98% NETHERLANDS Fire fighters 96% SWEDEN Paramedics 98% POLAND Fire fighters 96% Fire fighters 94% RUSSIA Fire fighters 87% FRANCE Fire fighters 99% AUSTRIA CANADA Fire fighters 94% Fire fighters 98% USA Fire fighters 97% SPAIN Fire fighters 97% TURKEY Pharmacists 90% SOUTH KOREA Nurses 87% JAPAN SWITZERLAND Nurses 90% Fire fighters 96% INDIA BRAZIL Fire fighters 92% GERMANY Fire fighters 97% ITALY KENYA Doctors 87% Soldiers 98% INDONESIA Doctors/Teacher 93% ARGENTINA Fire fighters 92% Fire fighters 86% NIGERIA Farmers 84% SOUTH AFRICA Doctors 95% AUSTRALIA Nurses 96% Base: 28,659 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 5

Professions with the lowest trust rating per country BELGIUM SWEDEN NETHERLANDS UK Politicians 25% Politicians 29% Retailer 17% POLAND Politicians 17% Politicians 16% RUSSIA Politicians 30% FRANCE Politicians 13% AUSTRIA CANADA Politicians 20% Politicians 23% USA Politicians 23% SPAIN Politicians 5% TURKEY Politicians 34% SOUTH KOREA Politicians 21% JAPAN SWITZERLAND Politicians 14% Politicians 21% INDIA BRAZIL Politicians 6% ARGENTINA Politicians 15% GERMANY Politicians 15% ITALY Politicians 12% NIGERIA Politicians 29% KENYA Politicians 16% SOUTH AFRICA Politicians 43% AUSTRALIA Politicians 14% Politicians 43% INDONESIA Insurance agents 49% Base: 28,659 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 6

Level of trust: Public professions and Corruption Perception Index 2012 Average of I completely/generally trust across all public professions, in %; CPI in score points; the size of the displayed points represents the share of the population of the countries) Corruption Perception Index 2012 100 90 80 70 60 50 The trust in public professions is greater in those countries in which a climate with little perceived corruption predominates. Exceptions: in Japan, people trust the public professions rather less, although they have a high CPI, so that only a low level of corruption is perceived; the opposite is reflected in South Africa, Indonesia and India, where trust in public professions is strong, despite a high level of corruption. Spain 67 Sweden Australia Netherlands Switzerland Canada Germany Japan Belgium UK USA France Austria Poland South Korea Turkey South Africa Europe North- and South America Asia and the pacific Africa 48 40 Brazil Italy Argentina India 30 Russia Kenya Indonesia Nigeria 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Base: 28,659 respondents Trust in public professions GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 7

Trust in professional groups: Average across all countries (Average of I completely/generally trust across all countries, in %) Fire fighters 90 Retailer, Seller 67 Nurses 89 Civil servants 67 Doctors, physicians 89 TV-hosts, TV-moderators 66 Teachers Pharmacists Farmers Soldiers Paramedics Engineers, Technicians Pilots Architects Craftsmen Train-bus-underground- or tram drivers Computer-, Software specialists Judges Bankers, bank assistants 88 87 86 85 84 84 83 78 77 76 75 71 69 Pastors, priests Market- or opinion researchers Journalists Cab drivers Professional athletes, footballer Actors Businessmen, entrepreneurs Lawyers Police men Advertising specialists Mayors Insurance agents Politicians 31 64 64 64 63 63 61 61 61 59 56 53 48 Base: 28,659 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 8

Trust in professional groups: Range and average across all countries ( I completely/generally trust, minimum, maximum and average, in %) Range Mean across all countries Fire fighters Nurses Doctors, physicians Teachers Pharmacists Farmers Soldiers Paramedics Engineers, Technicians Pilots Architects Craftsmen Train-bus-underground- or tram drivers Computer-, Software specialists Judges Bankers, bank assistants Base: 28,659 respondents 0 20 40 60 80 100 71 69 78 77 76 75 90 89 89 88 87 86 85 84 84 83 Retailer, Seller Civil servants TV-hosts, TV-moderators Pastors, priests Market- or opinion researchers Journalists Cab drivers Professional athletes, footballer Actors Businessmen, entrepreneurs Lawyers Police men Advertising specialists Mayors Insurance agents Politicians 67 67 66 64 64 64 63 63 61 61 61 59 56 53 48 31 0 20 40 60 80 100 GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 9

At a glance: Market- or opinion researchers ( I completely/generally trust, in %) 85 77 70 69 67 64 64 63 63 63 62 61 60 South Africa India Indonesia UK Canada Sweden Ø all countries Poland Switzerland Kenya Belgium Italy Turkey 58 58 57 57 54 54 53 53 51 47 46 45 32 Germany USA Nigeria Netherlands Spain France Austria Brazil Australia South Korea Argentina Russia Japan Base: 28,659 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 10

At a glance: Professional athletes, footballer ( I completely/generally trust, in %) 84 76 74 72 70 69 69 66 64 64 63 61 60 South Africa Kenya Russia Indonesia Canada Turkey India Nigeria Sweden Argentina Ø All countries South Korea Spain 59 57 56 56 55 55 52 49 48 45 40 39 36 Japan Netherlands Belgium Poland Italy USA Switzerland Brazil Austria Australia UK Germany France GfK 2014 GfK SE Base: 28,659 respondents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 11

At a glance: Doctors, physicians ( I completely/generally trust, in %) 97 95 95 93 93 90 90 89 89 89 89 89 89 India South Africa Canada Belgium Indonesia Australia UK Turkey Austria Ø all countries France Japan Switzerland 88 88 88 88 87 86 86 80 79 79 74 74 66 Germany Netherlands Spain USA Kenya Sweden Argentina Poland South Korea Italy Russia Nigeria Brazil Base: 28,659 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 12

At a glance: Bankers, bank assistants ( I completely/generally trust, in %) 88 83 82 79 76 74 72 69 69 69 66 62 61 India Canada South Africa Kenya USA Indonesia Sweden Ø all countries South Korea Nigeria Turkey Australia Japan 60 56 55 51 49 46 45 41 41 39 36 27 14 Austria Belgium Poland Switzerland UK Brazil Russia France Argentina Germany Netherlands Italy Spain Base: 28,659 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 13

At a glance: Police men ( I completely/generally trust, in %) 87 83 82 82 82 82 81 79 77 77 76 76 75 Canada Australia USA Sweden Netherlands UK Germany Austria Belgium Switzerland France Spain Italy 66 64 61 59 59 56 50 50 48 44 39 32 25 Japan Indonesia Base: 28,659 respondents South Africa Poland Ø all countries South Korea Russia India Turkey Brazil Argentina Nigeria Kenya GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 14

Results of the single countries GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 15

Austria - Findings 8.5 M Population 5.7 M Working population (Age 15 to 64) 97.8% of age 20-64 secondary-educated CPI 69 Perceived corruption 0.8% GDP growth rate 48,160 $ GNI per Capita 4.1% Unemployment rate (ILO) /- With an average trust rating of 67%, the Austrian professional groups are exactly in the middle of the countries observed. With the exception of the last five positions in the ranking, at least half the Austrians trust the respective professions. The scale is also topped by the fire fighters here (94%), followed closely by nurses and paramedics, who with 93% each are in competition for second place. Pharmacists (90%) and doctors (89%) follow in the ranking, thus the medical professions meet with a very high level of trust. Pilots and train drivers are also among the higher placed professions with 87% and 86%, respectively. The Austrian Police s high crime clear-up rate is for certain one of the reasons for the good positioning of policemen, who are trusted by 79% of the population. Equally strong trust is felt for the judges. Traders and retailers share a position with the bankers and bank assistants with 60% each. A number of bad news reports about Bank Austria such as the recently announced reduction in jobs as the result of streamlining of the network of branches and a hacking attack on the online banking system, as well as the continuing after-effects of the banking crisis, are probably responsible for this rating. With 48%, the professional athletes are below the 50% limit, followed by the journalists and insurance agents, each with five percentage points less (43%). However, the politicians meet with the highest level of mistrust; only every fifth Austrian trusts them. With that, the politicians rest clearly beaten in bottom position. For certain, trust in politicians suffers above all thanks to a multitude of cases of corruption, which have also been criticised by Transparency International; as a result, the CPI value in the Alpine Republic lies at only 69 points. In the election year 2013 after the Regional Government elections in spring, the National Council elections were coming up in autumn the voters reacted accordingly and both the large parties, SPÖ and ÖVP, lost votes. GfK 2014 GfK SE Contents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 16

Trust in professional groups in Austria ( I completely/generally trust, in %) Fire fighters 94 Soldiers 66 Nurses 93 Civil servants 66 Paramedics 93 Lawyers 65 Pharmacists 90 Businessmen, entrepreneurs 63 Doctors, physicians 89 Retailer, Seller 60 Pilots Train-bus-underground- or tram drivers 87 86 Bankers, bank assistants Pastors, priests 60 55 Engineers, Technicians Farmers 81 81 Mayors Market- or opinion researchers 54 53 Police men 79 TV-hosts, TV-moderators 52 Judges Craftsmen 79 79 Actors Professional athletes, footballer 50 48 Architects 76 Journalists 43 Teachers Computer-, Software specialists 67 76 Insurance agents Advertising specialists 34 43 Cab drivers 67 Politicians 20 Base: 1,120 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 17

Belgium - Findings 11.1 M Population 7.3 M Working population (age 15 to 64) 87.7% of age 20-64 secondary-educated CPI 75 Hardly any perceived corruption -0.3% GDP growth rate With an average rating of 72% in comparison with other countries, the Belgians prove to be slightly above average in terms of the trust expressed in the various professions. Only in the last three positions does more than half the population appear sceptical: with 45%, the clergy still engender the most trust among the lowest-placed, however, the third last position is a sign of lost trust. This could be connected with the discovery of the decades-long cases of abuse, within the Catholic Church amongst other places. The advertising specialists nevertheless are still trusted by a third of Belgians; that s seven percentage points more than for the politicians, who lie with 25% in bottom place in Belgium too. The politicians are arguably being held primarily responsible for the economic downturn, the high level of the National Debt and the high level of unemployment in the country. However, the poor positioning could also be a consequence of the 20 months without a government, as the formation of a new government took a long time after the 2011 election, due to the conflict between Flemish and Walloons. with 94% and 93% respectively. Above and beyond this, teachers and pilots are classed as particularly reliable, with 91%. At 56%, only a good half of all Belgians trust professional athletes and bank assistants. With that, they lie slightly below the professional groups of lawyers and businessmen, which are each at 58%. In comparison with other countries, TV hosts are rated very positively at 76%; they engender only very slightly less trust in the Belgian population than policemen (77%). Architects are trusted by 84%, which puts them on the same level as train drivers and engineers. 44,990 $ GNI per Capita 7.1% Unemployment rate (ILO) The head of the ranking is occupied by the fire fighters, with 98%. Directly below them follow the health professions: paramedics and pharmacists each experience 97% trust. Nursing staff and doctors are right behind them GfK 2014 GfK SE Contents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 18

Trust in professional groups in Belgium ( I completely/generally trust, in %) Fire fighters 98 Actors 73 Paramedics 97 Judges 70 Pharmacists 97 Retailer, Seller 70 Nurses 94 Cab drivers 70 Doctors, physicians 93 Civil servants 69 Teachers Pilots 91 91 Mayors Market- or opinion researchers 63 62 Farmers 89 Businessmen, entrepreneurs 58 Engineers, Technicians Train-bus-underground- or tram drivers Architects 84 84 84 Lawyers Bankers, bank assistants Professional athletes, footballer 58 56 56 Craftsmen 83 Journalists 53 Soldiers 78 Insurance agents 51 Police men 77 Pastors, priests 45 TV-hosts, TV-moderators Computer-, Software specialists 76 75 Advertising specialists Politicians 25 32 Base: 1,124 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 19

France - Findings 65.7 M Population 42.6 M Working population (age 15 to 64) 91.1% of age 20-64 secondary-educated CPI 71 Hardly any perceived corruption 0.0% GDP growth rate 41,750 $ GNI per Capita 9.3% Unemployment rate (ILO) The average trust in the various professional groups in France lies at 68%. In comparison with other countries, that means just one place above the average. With a top rating of 99%, almost all the French expressed trust in fire fighters, followed by nurses and paramedics, who share second place with 95% each. Trust in pharmacists at 93% is also very strong. Nine out of ten citizens regard pilots as being particularly reliable and almost as many feel the same about doctors and farmers. A hardly perceptible level of corruption, according to the CPI with 71 points, and a high proportion of civil servants compared to other countries, corresponds with relatively high level of trust in the professional groups that represent the civil service. Thus about three quarters of the French trust both policemen and civil servants and two thirds judges and mayors. The TV hosts, who a good half of the French trust, are followed by the bank assistants, by some margin (41%). Journalists are also viewed with some scepticism, only 40% trust them; with 36%, professional athletes lie even lower. Both, the cases of drug abuse in professional cycling discovered in the last few years, in particular in the Tour de France, and the involvement of players of the National Football Team les Bleus in sex scandals could have contributed to these doubts concerning professional athletes and footballers. More than two thirds of citizens have reservations against insurance agents, and for advertising specialists it s even three quarters of the French. However, it s the politicians who carry the red lantern in the French professional rankings, whereby they also underperform in an international comparison, with a trust rating of 13%. This mistrust could be connected with the growing dissatisfaction with President Hollande s government since he came to office in 2012. Besides the poor economic climate, the illicit earnings accounts scandal involving a budget minister may also have contributed to this weak manifestation of trust. GfK 2014 GfK SE Contents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 20

Trust in professional groups in France ( I completely/generally trust, in %) Fire fighters 99 Cab drivers 71 Nurses 95 Judges 65 Paramedics 95 Mayors 64 Pharmacists 93 Retailer, Seller 63 Pilots 90 Actors 63 Doctors, physicians 89 Lawyers 61 Farmers Train-bus-underground- or tram drivers 89 87 Pastors, priests Market- or opinion researchers 56 54 Teachers 85 Businessmen, entrepreneurs 53 Soldiers Computer-, Software specialists 85 82 TV-hosts, TV-moderators Bankers, bank assistants 41 51 Engineers, Technicians Architects 81 78 Journalists Professional athletes, footballer 40 36 Craftsmen 77 Insurance agents 31 Police men 76 Advertising specialists 24 Civil servants 74 Politicians 13 Base: 1,019 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 21

Germany - Findings 81.9 M Population 54.1 M Working population (age 15 to 64) 97.0% Of age 20-64 secondary-educated CPI 79 Hardly any perceived corruption 0.7% GDP growth rate 44,010 $ GNI per Capita 5.9% Unemployment rate (ILO) In rating the individual professions, the Germans, with an average of 64%, appear in trend rather more conservative compared with other countries. The fire fighters profession is judged to be the most reliable. It is right at the top with 97%, closely followed by social professions such as paramedics (96%) and nurses (95%). The Germans also have a relatively high level of trust in doctors and pharmacists with 88% in each case; they lie behind the pilots, who engender the trust of around nine out of ten citizens. At 87%, trust in train drivers is also strong. Judges and lawyers can be found in the midfield; in an international context, they enjoy a relatively high level of trust, at 74% and 70% respectively. This is probably also due to hardly perceived corruption in Germany with a CPI value of 79 points. Every fourth profession sampled in this study is trusted by less than half of the Germans: TV hosts and actors exhibit trust ratings that lie just below the 50% mark. The Germans are also sceptical about bankers and bank assistants (39%). Besides the continuing banking crisis, the publically discussed cases of inadequate advice quality or false advice for financial investments could also be responsible for this. The trust in professional athletes or footballers is also rather low, at 39%. This could result from the fact that recently, some athletes, e.g. professional cyclists, have had to admit to long years of drug taking. All the same, ten percentage points separate the journalists (37%) from the trio at the end of the ranking: third from bottom are the advertising specialists (27%), followed by the insurance agents, who are only just trusted by every fifth person. Finally, it comes as no surprise that also in Germany the least trust is bestowed upon the politicians, at 15%. Whether this is because the Parliamentary elections were in their final hot phase at the time of the survey and candidates love to make lots of promises will show up in the next survey in two year s time. GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 22

Trust in professional groups in Germany ( I completely/generally trust, in %) Fire fighters 97 Soldiers 67 Paramedics 96 Pastors, priests 61 Nurses Pilots Doctors, physicians Pharmacists Train-bus-underground- or tram drivers 95 91 88 88 87 Civil servants Market- or opinion researchers Computer-, Software specialists Mayors Retailer, Seller 61 58 58 55 52 Police men 81 Businessmen, entrepreneurs 51 Farmers 81 TV-hosts, TV-moderators 48 Engineers, Technicians 80 Actors 44 Teachers Architects Craftsmen Judges Cab drivers Lawyers 79 74 74 74 71 70 Bankers, bank assistants Professional athletes, footballer Journalists Advertising specialists Insurance agents Politicians 15 19 27 39 39 37 Base: 2,039 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 23

Italy - Findings 60.9 M Population 39.9 M Working population (age 15 to 64 ) 87.6% Of age 20-64 secondary-educated CPI 42 High perceived corruption -2.4% GDP growth rate 33,840 $ GNI per Capita 8.4% Unemployment rate 2011 (ILO) Even under the new Government under Minister President Letta, Italy does not seem to have found its way to stability. After the Parliamentary elections in February 2013 it took around two months until, for the first time in Italy, a grand coalition was able to take up its duties. In autumn, ex-prime Minister Berlusconi attempted to destabilise the Government in order to avoid losing his political posts. This and the numerous political scandals of the last few years, not only caused by Berlusconi, are certainly the trigger for the very critical perception of politicians: only 12% of the population trust them, which means the tail light in the trust ranking. Thus, it can already almost be spoken of a climate of mistrust, that is expressed in clearly perceived corruption and causes a low level of trust in judges (52%), lawyers (43%), civil servants (41%) and mayors (37%). Almost a third of the examined professional groups rank amongst trust ratings below the 50% mark and the highest rating, enjoyed by the fire fighters, also lies merely at around 86%. This is the origin of the relatively low average trust across all professional groups; With not more than 60% compared to other countries, Italy only occupies the fifth last place. Besides political themes, the trust of the Italian population is presumably also influenced by the economy, which has been shrinking for two years, high youth unemployment and the continuing high National Debt. In the course of the banking crisis it comes as no surprise that bankers (27%) have the second worst rating; insurance agents with 29% lie only slightly above. The trust in entrepreneurs (39%) is also low compared to other countries. This might possibly be due to the recently discovered false accounting scandal of an eminent Milan family business, in which above all small shareholders were harmed. At the upper end of the ranking, also in Italy, pharmacists (85%), nurses (84%) craftsmen and farmers with 84% and 83% respectively, could position themselves in the top 5 alongside the fire fighters. Thus they rank just above teachers and paramedics with 81%. GfK 2014 GfK SE Contents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 24

Trust in professional groups in Italy ( I completely/generally trust, in %) Fire fighters Pharmacists Nurses Craftsmen Farmers Teachers Paramedics Doctors, physicians Train-bus-underground- or tram drivers 86 85 84 84 83 81 81 79 78 Market- or opinion researchers Professional athletes, footballer Retailer, Seller Actors Judges TV-hosts, TV-moderators Pastors, priests Advertising specialists Lawyers 61 55 52 52 52 51 47 47 43 Engineers, Technicians 77 Journalists 41 Pilots 76 Civil servants 41 Police men 75 Businessmen, entrepreneurs 39 Architects 74 Mayors 37 Soldiers Computer-, Software specialists 70 70 Insurance agents Bankers, bank assistants 29 27 Cab drivers 65 Politicians 12 Base: 1,003 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 25

Netherlands - Findings 16.8 M Population 11.2 M Working population (Age 15 to 64) 89.1% Of age 20-64 secondary-educated CPI 84 / Hardly any per- - ceived corruption -1.0% GDP growth rate In the Netherlands, with an average trust rating of 70% across all professional groups, the population presents itself above average compared internationally to other countries. There is a good reason for this: with a CPI of 84 points, the Netherlands boasts a hardly perceptible level of corruption even if that is certainly not the sole deciding factor for reciprocal trust. The pole position is occupied by the fire fighters here too, with 96%. They are followed with gaps of only one percentage point in each case by paramedics and nurses. The health professions are generally situated high in the ranking, as only teachers (89%) and pilots (92%) are ranked higher than the pharmacists and doctors, who account for 88% each. Policemen are also relatively well positioned in the Netherlands; 82% trust them. The fact that the art thieves of Rotterdam, who were responsible for the spectacular theft and destruction of paintings worth several million Euro, were caught very quickly could have contributed to this. In addition, the Politie has a very citizen-orientated attitude. not come as much of a surprise. Equally low levels of trust are engendered by advertising specialists (44%) and the financial sector: bankers are trusted by only 36% and insurance agents by 32% of Dutch citizens. Politicians form the tail light in the Dutch trust ranking, despite a good rating of 29% compared with other countries. The country s economic situation, which is in the third recession in four years, due to the Euro crisis and weakening exports, might well play a major role here. 48,250 $ GNI per Capita 4.4% Unemployment rate (ILO) Only five professional groups are trusted by less than half of the Dutch: Thus the clergy with 45% are met more with caution, which, in view of the proportion of those without a religious affiliation in the population (42%) does GfK 2014 GfK SE Contents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 26

Trust in professional groups in Netherlands ( I completely/generally trust, in %) Fire fighters 96 Retailer, Seller 72 Paramedics 95 Actors 68 Nurses 94 Mayors 66 Pilots 92 TV-hosts, TV-moderators 65 Teachers 89 Civil servants 64 Pharmacists Craftsmen Doctors, physicians Train-bus-underground- or tram drivers 88 88 88 88 Cab drivers Market- or opinion researchers Professional athletes, footballer Journalists 61 57 57 55 Farmers 87 Lawyers 54 Engineers, Technicians 85 Businessmen, entrepreneurs 54 Architects 85 Pastors, priests 45 Police men 82 Advertising specialists 44 Judges 79 Bankers, bank assistants 36 Soldiers Computer-, Software specialists 78 73 Insurance agents Politicians 29 32 Base: 1,001 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 27

Poland - Findings 38.5 M Population 27.6 M Working population (age 15 to 64) 87.3% Of age 20-64 secondary-educated CPI 58 Perceived corruption 1.9% GDP growth rate 12,670 $ GNI per Capita 9.6% Unemployment rate (ILO) The Pole position among the professional groups in Poland is occupied by the fire fighters, with a rating of 94%, closely followed by nurses with 93%. Paramedics and pharmacists are also classed as particularly reliable by the population, with 88% and 87%, respectively. On the other hand, doctors, who also count amongst medical staff, are only met with 80% trust. This could be connected to the increasing lack of doctors, which is partially caused by the increased emigration of young doctors to Western European countries. Due to that fact this professional group is getting steadily older in Poland. However, the scepticism towards policemen and judges is considerably greater: only 59% and 56%, respectively, trust them. This result is in line with an increased perception of corruption in Poland, which is expressed in a CPI value of 58 points. Exactly half the citizens a high proportion compared to the rest of Europe trust bank assistants. That could be related to the fact that Poland is less strongly affected by the economic and banking crisis than other countries. Journalists and civil servants lie just below the 50% mark. Also, only 47% bestow trust on the clergy. In Poland, which is characterised by Catholicism, the public debates on the abuse of children by Polish priests have certainly contributed to this sceptical rating. One place behind is the professional group of businessmen, who are only trusted by 45% of the citizens of the former communist country. Far behind at the end of the scale are the politicians, whom with only 16% clear mistrust is expressed. One reason for this could be the current dissatisfaction with the Polish Government under Prime minister Tusk, whose party has in the meantime lost in several mayoral elections in major cities. In contrast to politicians generally, the mayors, i.e. the local politicians, are met with a noticeably higher level of trust from the population: with 45%, they are ranked on the fourth from bottom place ahead of insurance agents with 39%. GfK 2014 GfK SE Contents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 28

Trust in professional groups in Poland ( I completely/generally trust, in %) Fire fighters 94 Market- or opinion researchers 63 Nurses 93 TV-hosts, TV-moderators 63 Paramedics 88 Actors 61 Pharmacists 87 Lawyers 59 Soldiers Train-bus-underground- or tram drivers Teachers 84 83 83 Police men Judges Professional athletes, footballer 59 56 56 Farmers 82 Bankers, bank assistants 55 Doctors, physicians 80 Journalists 50 Pilots 80 Civil servants 49 Engineers, Technicians 79 Pastors, priests 48 Craftsmen 76 Businessmen, entrepreneurs 47 Architects 75 Mayors 45 Retailer, Seller Computer-, Software specialists 67 75 Insurance agents Advertising specialists 39 35 Cab drivers 66 Politicians 16 Base: 1,000 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 29

Russia - Findings 143.5 M Population 103.5 M Working population (age 15 to 64) 98.0% of age 20-64 secondary-educated CPI 28 High perceived corruption 3.4% GDP growth rate 12,700 $ GNI per Capita 6.6% Unemployment rate (ILO) The Russian trust list displays a relatively small range: the highest level of trust is enjoyed by the fire fighters with 87%, a fairly low value in comparison with other countries. Politicians are at the bottom of the scale, but with 30% they score well in an international context. Trust across all levels in Russia lies, with 63%, at four percentage points below the country average. Close behind the fire fighters in second and third place are the teachers with 85% and paramedics with 83%. Four professional groups have the trust of 80%: besides the pilots and nurses, the citizens also have strong trust in farmers and engineers. Doctors are only trusted by 74% and share this rank with the professional athletes and train drivers. That can doubtlessly be attributed to health care problems that have their origins in a lack of staff and to some extent in the outdated medical equipment. The clergy are trusted by 73% of Russians. This high trust rating is clearly connected with the fact that Religion is very important in Russia: around 70% of the population are committed to the Russian Orthodox belief. Violating religious convictions became a specific criminal offence in June 2013, which can be regarded as a reaction to the performance of the band Pussy Riot in February 2012 criticising both religion and the Government, for which some of the band members were sentenced to imprisonment in prison camps. The clearly perceived corruption in Russia is reflected by the poor placing of policemen (50%), judges (49%) and civil servants (46%). This is also confirmed by an investigation by Transparency International, according to which a majority of Russians view the anti-corruption measures initiated by the Government as ineffective. The Russian population is also just as sceptical about mayors; however, the latter can still gather 10 percentage points more trust than politicians generally (30%). Businessmen are also placed at the lower end of the rankings (40%); in Russia this is a group that is met with very little trust, against a background of the wealth gained by the oligarchs. Advertising specialists and insurance agents form the tail light, with 37% each. GfK 2014 GfK SE Contents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 30

Trust in professional groups in Russia ( I completely/generally trust, in %) Fire fighters 87 Computer-, Software specialists 67 Teachers 85 TV-hosts, TV-moderators 64 Paramedics 83 Actors 63 Pilots 80 Cab drivers 61 Nurses 80 Retailer, Seller 53 Farmers 80 Police men 50 Engineers, Technicians 80 Journalists 50 Soldiers 79 Judges 49 Pharmacists 79 Civil servants 46 Craftsmen Doctors, physicians Professional athletes, footballer Train-bus-underground- or tram drivers 76 74 74 74 Bankers, bank assistants Market- or opinion researchers Mayors Businessmen, entrepreneurs 45 45 40 40 Pastors, priests 73 Advertising specialists 37 Architects 72 Insurance agents 37 Lawyers 67 Politicians 30 Base: 2,178 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Contents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 31

Spain - Findings 46.2 M Population 31.4 M Working population (age 15 to 64) 76.7% of age 20-64 secondary-educated CPI 65 Perceived corruption -1.4% GDP growth rate 30,110 $ GNI per Capita 21.6% Unemployment rate 2011 (ILO) In Spain, trust in the various professional groups diverges more than in hardly any other country: while almost all Spaniards (97%) trust the fire fighters, just 5% of the population express trust in the country s politicians. Besides the continuing high level of unemployment and the poor economic situation, the discovery of various corruption scandals might also be responsible for this. Thus the Government party Partido Popular (PP) has been accused of illicit earnings transactions and illegal special payments to people at the top of the party, over many years, which has heavily damaged the standing of Prime Minister Rajoy. In Andalusia on the other hand, the political opposition also sees itself confronted with accusations of corruption. With ratings between 54% and 42%, civil servants, lawyers and judges are considerably better placed than the politicians, to be sure, but in comparison with other European countries, the level of trust tends to be low. This scepticism is doubtless also a consequence of the perceived corruption, which is reflected by a CPI of 65 points. Overall, it is no wonder that the level of trust, with an average rating of 63%, is rather subdued when compared to other countries. There are however professional groups with very high trust ratings as well as the fire fighters in first place, for instance nurses and pharmacists can register 95% and 92%, respectively. In a country context, teachers are also well-positioned; 90% of the citizens trust them, and in the process somewhat more than the doctors and farmers (each 88%). Despite the serious train accident near Santiago de Compostela in summer 2013, when many people lost their lives probably due to the train driver s negligence, 84% of Spaniards trust the train, bus, underground and tram drivers. At the end of the ranking, the banking crisis caused by the burst property bubble makes itself noticeable, as Spain was particularly badly affected by the economic downturn: in next-to-bottom place are the bankers, trusted by only 14%. GfK 2014 GfK SE Contents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 32

Trust in professional groups in Spain ( I completely/generally trust, in %) Fire fighters 97 Actors 63 Nurses Pharmacists 95 92 Businessmen, entrepreneurs Professional athletes, footballer 62 60 Teachers Farmers Doctors, physicians Train-bus-underground- or tram drivers 90 88 88 84 Soldiers Market- or opinion researchers Civil servants Lawyers 59 54 54 53 Paramedics 83 Journalists 47 Pilots 83 TV-hosts, TV-moderators 46 Retailer, Seller 82 Judges 42 Craftsmen 80 Advertising specialists 40 Cab drivers 78 Insurance agents 31 Police men 76 Pastors, priests 28 Architects 76 Mayors 20 Engineers, Technicians Computer-, Software specialists 73 67 Bankers, bank assistants Politicians 5 14 Base: 1,020 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 33

Sweden - Findings 9.5 M Population 6.2 M Working population (age 15 to 64) 95.5% of age 20-64 secondary-educated CPI 88 / Hardly any per- - ceived corruption 0.7% GDP growth rate 56,210 $ GNI per Capita 7.5% Unemployment rate (ILO) Across all professional groups, trust in Sweden lies at 67%; in comparison with other countries that means a midfield placing. The top quartet are paramedics and fire fighters, who with 98% in each case are trusted by almost all Swedes, and pilots and nurses with 96% and 94% respectively. There s already some margin to 5th place, the farmers with 89%. They lie just ahead of engineers, pharmacists, doctors and teachers, who display trust ratings of between 85% and 88%. Judges and policemen also enjoy a high level of trust with 81% and 82%, respectively, which may well be due to the hardly perceived corruption in Sweden. However, the professional groups of civil servants, who have the trust of 56% of Swedes, and the mayors, who only attain a rating of 33%, can apparently profit less from the image of low corruption. The businessmen follow at a relatively large distance; they are classed by 46% of those questioned as trustworthy. Thus they lead that group of professions, that is trusted by less than half of Swedish citizens. Clearly beaten in third last place are the advertising specialists, who are only trusted by 25%. With only 22%, politicians are rated even worse. This might possibly be connected with the youth riots in May in the suburbs of Stockholm and other towns. The violent clashes were triggered by the killing of an immigrant by the police. However, the cause is deemed to be the relative lack of prospects in these suburbs, which have a high level of youth unemployment. The tail light in the ranking of professions is constituted by the traders and retailers with a even in an international comparison low rating of 17%. In huge but thinly populated Sweden (23 residents per km2), online and mail order shopping from other countries too has played a major role for a long time. Thus negative experiences of telephone marketing and fraud on the internet have a much higher influence on the rating than it is the case in other countries with mostly over-the-counter trade. GfK 2014 GfK SE Contents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 34

Trust in professional groups in Sweden ( I completely/generally trust, in %) Paramedics 98 Soldiers 69 Fire fighters Pilots Nurses Farmers Engineers, Technicians Pharmacists Doctors, physicians Teachers Police men Judges Architects Train-bus-underground- or tram drivers 98 96 94 89 88 88 86 85 82 81 81 81 Actors Professional athletes, footballer Market- or opinion researchers Lawyers Craftsmen Cab drivers TV-hosts, TV-moderators Civil servants Businessmen, entrepreneurs Insurance agents Journalists Mayors 46 39 35 33 69 64 64 62 59 59 58 56 Pastors, priests 74 Advertising specialists 25 Bankers, bank assistants Computer-, Software specialists 72 70 Politicians Retailer, Seller 22 17 Base: 1,000 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 35

Switzerland - Findings 8.0 M Population 5.4 M Working population (age 15 to 64) 95.5% of age 20-64 secondary-educated CPI 86 / Hardly any per- - ceived corruption 1.0% GDP growth rate Overall, with 71%, an above average level of trust in the sampled professions can be observed for Switzerland. Thus, only four professional groups just fail at the 50% barrier, and two others just lie directly above. The pole position in the trust ranking in Switzerland is also occupied by the fire fighters, who meet with the trust of 96% of the citizens. In second place with only one percentage point less are the professional groups of paramedics and nurses (each 95%). Pilots, train drivers and pharmacists are also considered by the population to be particularly reliable, with over 90% approval, almost all the Swiss trust them too. The lower placings are led by the professional athletes and footballers, who with 52% have the trust of hardly more than half the population. The bankers group is next in the rank order with only one percentage point less (51%). This is doubtless the effect of the financial crisis and the banking scandals. The involvement for instance of the UBS bank in the Libor interest rate manipulation scandal made huge waves. politicians, who have the trust of only a good fifth of the citizens (21%). This rating can however still be interpreted as relatively good in comparison with other countries. One reason for this comparatively high level of trust in political personalities could lie in the Swiss form of Government, which grants the population a strong, direct right to a say and to co-determination. On the other hand, a current study by Transparency International comes to the conclusion that apparently every second Swiss suspects the political parties of corruption. Seen in total, however, a CPI value of 86 points, surveyed by the same institution, does not reflect this assessment. 82,730 $ GNI per Capita 4.1% Unemployment rate (ILO) Less than half the Swiss trusts advertising specialists and insurance agents (each 49%). Journalists are rated even worse, only 46% trust them. The tail light is constituted with a gap of 25 percentage points by the GfK 2014 GfK SE Contents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 36

Trust in professional groups in Switzerland ( I completely/generally trust, in %) Fire fighters 96 Soldiers 69 Paramedics 95 Civil servants 65 Nurses 95 Judges 64 Pilots Train-bus-underground- or tram drivers 93 92 Lawyers Market- or opinion researchers 64 63 Pharmacists 91 Retailer, Seller 62 Farmers 89 Pastors, priests 62 Doctors, physicians 89 TV-hosts, TV-moderators 61 Craftsmen 86 Actors 58 Engineers, Technicians Teachers 84 83 Mayors Professional athletes, footballer 56 52 Architects 78 Bankers, bank assistants 51 Police men Computer-, Software specialists 77 75 Insurance agents Advertising specialists 49 49 Businessmen, entrepreneurs 75 Journalists 46 Cab drivers 70 Politicians 21 Base: 1,017 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 37

Turkey - Findings 74.0 M Population 50.0 M Working population (age 15 to 64) 42.0% Of age 20-64 secondary-educated CPI 49 High perceived corruption 2.2% GDP growth rate 10,830 $ GNI per Capita 9.8% Unemployment rate (ILO) Trust in the professional groups in Turkey shows a comparatively weak spread: the field is led by the pharmacists with 90% trust. The other end of the scale is occupied by the politicians, who nevertheless still have the trust of a good third of the population. Besides the politicians, only policemen rank below the 50% mark most professional groups clearly have the trust of more than half the citizens. As already mentioned, policemen tend to be rated rather poorly, so that they rank at the next-to-bottom place with 48%. The violent reaction of the police to the protests in May and June 2013 has undoubtedly contributed to this. In confrontations between the police and demonstrators, amongst other things, tear gas, water cannon and rubber bullets were used. In the process, some demonstrators lost their lives, many were injured and hundreds were arrested. The demonstrations, which were originally triggered by Government construction plans for Gezi-Park in Istanbul, developed into a country-wide protest movement against police violence and the authoritarian leadership style of the Government under Minister President Erdogan that lasted for weeks. Against this background, the low level of trust also in politicians comes as no surprise and had the latest allegations of corruption been known at the time of the survey, the rating would doubtless have been even worse. Back to the upper end of the ranking: second place is shared by the professional groups of doctors, fire fighters and farmers, with 89% in each case. Around one third of Turkish employees, in particular in the infrastructurally lessdeveloped East and Southeast, works in agriculture and earns a total of almost 10% of the GNP. Despite the clearly perceived corruption in the country, with 85%, civil servants enjoy a relatively high level of trust. Lawyers and judges can also garner 73% approval each. The clergy are judged to be reliable by 61% of the citizens in a Turkey that is mostly characterised by Sunni Islam. GfK 2014 GfK SE Contents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 38

Trust in professional groups in Turkey ( I completely/generally trust, in %) Pharmacists Doctors, physicians Fire fighters Farmers Nurses Teachers Soldiers Pilots Paramedics Civil servants Engineers, Technicians Train-bus-underground- or tram drivers Architects Actors Lawyers Judges 90 89 89 89 88 88 87 86 86 85 84 80 80 74 73 73 Retailer, Seller Computer-, Software specialists Professional athletes, footballer Craftsmen Cab drivers Bankers, bank assistants Businessmen, entrepreneurs TV-hosts, TV-moderators Mayors Pastors, priests Market- or opinion researchers Insurance agents Journalists Advertising specialists Police men Politicians 34 72 70 69 67 66 66 64 63 62 61 60 58 58 55 48 Base: 1,011 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 39

UK - Findings 63.2 M Population 41.7 M Working population (age 15 to 64) 80.1% of age 20-64 secondary-educated CPI 74 Hardly any perceived corruption 0.3% GDP growth rate In the United Kingdom too, the fire fighters, who with 96% enjoy an exceptionally high level of trust, occupy the pole position. Above and beyond that, the British population considers in particular the medical professions to be very reliable. The ranking of medical professions is led by the paramedics with a trust rating of 95%, closely followed by the pharmacists and nurses with 93% each and finally the doctors, who like the pilots account for 90% of the trust. In the United Kingdom also, the last place on the scale is occupied by the politicians, who, with 17% meet with only a low level of trust. Amongst other things, the sluggish route out of the economic downturn and also other bad news, such as the high ratio of child poverty, might be responsible for the scepticism towards politicians: according to a Government study, in 2011 to 2012 one in six children lived in poverty. At 26%, trust in journalists is also very weak. That could be a result of the Murdoch scandal around illegal research practices. The media entrepreneur was also said to have a close relationship with Prime Minister Cameron. sector particularly suffered. A relatively poor placing, in comparison with other countries, is taken by the businessmen, who only 39% trust. Just recently, the revelation of spying activities by the British secret service, in which a multitude of communications channels were eavesdropped on with the assistance of two major British IT concerns, caused an uproar and possibly damaged the standing of businessmen generally. One position above them are the professional athletes with 40%. Hosting the 2012 Olympic Games in London apparently had no positive effect on their, in a European comparison, rather poor image. 38,250 $ GNI per Capita 7.8% Unemployment rate (ILO) Only just every second Briton, and that means a gap of 10 percentage points to the next highest placed, the lawyers, trusts the bankers or bank assistants. This is undoubtedly a consequence of the financial crisis, under which the country with its large and important financial GfK 2014 GfK SE Contents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 40

Trust in professional groups in UK ( I completely/generally trust, in %) Fire fighters 96 Cab drivers 68 Paramedics Pharmacists 95 93 Pastors, priests Computer-, Software specialists 64 64 Nurses 93 Civil servants 63 Doctors, physicians 90 Retailer, Seller 62 Pilots 90 Lawyers 59 Teachers 89 Bankers, bank assistants 49 Engineers, Technicians 88 Actors 46 Soldiers Train-bus-underground- or tram drivers Police men 87 84 82 Mayors TV-hosts, TV-moderators Professional athletes, footballer 46 42 40 Farmers 80 Businessmen, entrepreneurs 39 Architects 75 Insurance agents 28 Craftsmen Market- or opinion researchers 74 69 Advertising specialists Journalists 28 26 Judges 69 Politicians 17 Base: 985 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 41

Canada - Findings 34.9 M Population 24.2 M Working population (age 15 to 64) 93.7% of age 20-64 secondary-educated CPI 84 Hardly any perceived corruption 1.7% GDP growth rate 50,970 $ GNI per Capita 7.4% Unemployment rate (ILO) The Canadians distinguish themselves by a very high average trust across all professional groups. With a rating of 77%, the country ranks in third place in the global comparison, which is undoubtedly a result of the low level of corruption in Canada. This on the whole strongly declared trust stems from the fact that almost all professional groups experience a relatively high level of trust. Only the two lowest placed professions lie substantially below the 50% mark. Pole position is occupied by the fire fighters with 98%, closely followed by the paramedics, pharmacists and nurses, who with one percentage point less are competing for second place. Canadians also regard pilots as being particularly reliable; 96% of the people trust them. To cover long distances in the third largest country on earth, which is however very thinly populated, domestic flights are a daily necessity. Trust in doctors and farmers is not much weaker, at 95% and after all, nine out of ten citizens trust architects; train drivers and engineers each have one percentage point more. The Canadians also mistrust politicians the most (23%) and thus these occupy the bottom spot, 15 percentage points below the advertising specialists. The Canadian Government may have caused uncertainty within the population with the announcement that the secret service was monitoring international internet and telephone traffic. Although mayors lie seven percentage points above the 50% mark, they only sit in fourth bottom place, only just ahead of the insurance agents, who have 56%. A good 60% of citizens have trust in professions in the entertainment industry, namely actors and TV-hosts. Businessmen achieve a rating of 66%, which, in view of the generally high level of trust, appears relatively low. The announcement by the former smart phone market leader, Blackberry, of a massive reduction in jobs as a consequence of substantial losses and sinking market share could have affected this result. GfK 2014 GfK SE Contents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 42

Trust in professional groups in Canada ( I completely/generally trust, in %) Fire fighters 98 Bankers, bank assistants 83 Paramedics 97 Civil servants 74 Pharmacists 97 Pastors, priests 73 Nurses 97 Cab drivers 72 Pilots Farmers 96 95 Professional athletes* Market- or opinion researchers 70 67 Doctors, physicians 95 Journalists 67 Teachers 94 Businessmen, entrepreneurs 66 Engineers, Technicians Train-bus-underground- or tram drivers 91 91 Lawyers Retailer, Seller 63 63 Architects 90 TV-hosts, TV-moderators 62 Soldiers 89 Actors 61 Police men 87 Mayors 57 Judges 87 Insurance agents 56 Craftsmen Computer-, Software specialists 87 85 Advertising specialists Politicians 23 38 *different from other countries, in Canada the questionnaire referred to professional athletes in general Base: 1,005 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 43

USA - Findings 313.9 M Population 209.7 M Working population (age 15 to 64) 94.5% of age 20-64 secondary-educated CPI 73 Hardly any perceived corruption 2.2% GDP growth rate 50,120 $ GNI per Capita 8.9% Unemployment rate (ILO) With an average of 73%, the US-American population displays a particularly high level of trust in the various professional groups in comparison with other countries. A third of the professions sampled are actually trusted by more than nine out of ten citizens. The fire fighters are at the top of the trust ranking with 97%. Following directly behind, each with a one percentage point gap are paramedics (96%), nurses (95%) and pharmacists (94%). To complete the series of medical professions, we re still missing the group of doctors, who are in eleventh place with 88% trust. Despite employment falling for decades in the primary economic sector in the USA too in 2012 only 1.6% of the workforce was still employed in this industry the farmers, who are crucial for feeding the population, are classed in the USA as very trustworthy with 94%. With a trust rating of 80%, civil servants are also wellplaced. This can doubtless also be attributed to the low perception of corruption in the country. The clergy are also trusted by 80% which appears hardly astonishing considering the much-practiced multi-faceted religiousness in the country. On the other hand, market and opinion researchers (58%), TV hosts (57%) and professional athletes (55%) meet with a substantially lower level of trust. In fourth-frombottom place is the professional group of lawyers, who are trusted by only every second citizen. The US-Americans are also divided when it comes to actors, who do not quite attain the 50% mark. The lowest rank behind the advertising specialists (43%) is occupied, with a substantial gap and a trust rating of 23%, by the politicians in the USA too. A reason for this, according to current surveys, might possibly also be the US population's strong dissatisfaction with the Government under President Obama, to which the NSA affair, the planned reform of the health service and the continuing discussion regarding military intervention in the civil war in Syria have undoubtedly also contributed. GfK 2014 GfK SE Contents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 44

Trust in professional groups in USA ( I completely/generally trust, in %) Fire fighters Paramedics 97 96 Judges Train-bus-underground- or tram drivers 78 77 Nurses 95 Bankers, bank assistants 76 Pharmacists 94 Retailer, Seller 67 Farmers 94 Cab drivers 65 Soldiers 93 Journalists 60 Pilots 90 Mayors 59 Teachers Engineers, Technicians Architects Doctors, physicians Craftsmen Police men Computer-, Software specialists 84 82 81 90 89 88 88 Businessmen, entrepreneurs Market- or opinion researchers TV-hosts, TV-moderators Professional athletes* Insurance agents Lawyers Actors 58 58 57 55 54 50 49 Pastors, priests 80 Advertising specialists 43 Civil servants 80 Politicians 23 *different from other countries, in the US the questionnaire referred to professional athletes in general Base: 1,000 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 45

Argentina - Findings 41.1 M Population 26.5 M Working population (age 15 to 64) 59.8% of age 20-64 secondary-educated CPI 35 High perceived corruption 1.9% GDP growth rate 9,740 $ GNI per Capita 7.2% Unemployment rate (ILO) The corruption scandals amongst members of the Government, growing criminality and the present lack of economic successes of the Government under President Kirchner appear to also have had an effect on the population's trust: with an average trust of just 55%, Argentina is the tail light in comparison with other countries. Correspondingly few of the professional groups surveyed receive high trust ratings; only around half are above the 50% mark. Dissatisfaction with the political leadership and corruption almost certainly also contribute to the lowest placings: judges lead the tail end of the rankings with 35% and even policemen are not much better rated, with 39%. That is doubtless a consequence of the increasing criminality in the country. Mayors are already viewed with mistrust by more than two thirds of the population, just 29% trust them. Civil servants and state employees receive another six percentage points less trust, with 23%. The politicians are the tail light in the ranking; with only 15% approval, the citizens are expressing massive doubts. That is hardly a surprise, as the numerous major demonstrations over the last two years were targeted amongst other things against economic mismanagement and the high rate of inflation, which according to official sources lies at around 10%, but is unofficially thought to be around 25%. At the upper end of the scale, there is a gap of almost ten percentage points from the top 6 to the next professions. All the same, the fire fighters occupy pole position with 92%, followed by the medical professions doctors (86%), nurses (84%), pharmacists (83%) and paramedics (79%). This series is only interrupted by the teachers with 82% trust. The positioning of the professional athletes/footballers with 64% trust is outstandingly good, even in comparison with other countries. That is undoubtedly also connected with the general enthusiasm for sport or the people's pride in their star footballer Messi, who was elected World Footballer of the Year in 2013, for the fourth time in succession. The election of the former Archbishop of Buenos Aires to the Papacy on the other hand apparently had no such effect: just 49% trust the priests in the characteristically Catholic country. GfK 2014 GfK SE Contents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 46

Trust in professional groups in Argentina ( I completely/generally trust, in %) Fire fighters 92 Retailer, Seller 50 Doctors, physicians 86 Journalists 49 Nurses 84 TV-hosts, TV-moderators 49 Pharmacists 83 Pastors, priests 49 Lehrer Paramedics Architects Engineers, Technicians Craftsmen Professional athletes, footballer 70 68 67 64 82 79 Businessmen, entrepreneurs Market- or opinion researchers Computer-, Software specialists Lawyers Bankers, bank assistants Police men 48 46 43 41 41 39 Pilots 63 Insurance agents 38 Soldiers 62 Advertising specialists 36 Actors 57 Judges 35 Farmers Train-bus-underground- or tram drivers 56 54 Mayors Civil servants 29 23 Cab drivers 51 Politicians 15 Base: 1,010 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 47

Brazil - Findings 198.7 M Population 134.1 M Working population (age 15 to 64) 56.8% of age 20-64 secondary-educated CPI 43 High perceived corruption 0.9% GDP growth rate 11,630 $ GNI per Capita 6.0% Unemployment rate (ILO) With an average rating of 56% in the global comparison of countries, Brazil resides at the lower end of trust in professional groups. In addition, the rankings exhibit a large spread: pole position is claimed by the fire fighters, who 92% trust. The politicians at the other end of the scale, however, are only trusted by 6% of Brazilians. Mayors are in the next-to-bottom position, with 14% they only receive a little more trust than the politicians. This poor rating appears understandable in view of the high level of corruption in the country. During the Confederations Cup in June 2013 there were massive protests. In order to cover the escalating costs of the 2014 football World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, the fares on public transport were increased. Besides the corruption in the country, the disproportionate force used by the police during these protest activities has most likely also contributed to the lack of trust in policemen (44%). With trust values of 48% and 41% respectively, considerable doubt has also been expressed in civil servants and lawyers. The professional group of teachers, which is second place with 82%, is already separated by ten percentage points from the front runner. Paramedics and pilots also meet with the trust of about four fifths of the population. Brazil is for certain the most densely populated Catholic country on earth, all the same, only every second citizen trusts priests. The first steps towards a law aimed at unrestricted legal abortions that were recently vehemently fought by the Church, could have contributed to this rating. Businessmen have achieved a trust rating of 42%. The numerous illnesses and deaths due to the decadeslong use of asbestos, which continues to be mined and processed in Brazil, may have contributed to this rather negative view. A ban on this harmful and life-endangering material, which exists in many other countries, has so far failed due to the Asbestos lobby. GfK 2014 GfK SE Contents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 48

Trust in professional groups in Brazil ( I completely/generally trust, in %) Fire fighters 92 Craftsmen 55 Teachers 82 Farmers 55 Paramedics Pilots 81 80 Advertising specialists Market- or opinion researchers 53 53 Pharmacists 76 Retailer, Seller 53 Nurse Architects Doctors, physicians Journalists Engineers, Technicians Soldiers Judges Cab drivers Actors Train-bus-underground- or tram drivers Computer-, Software specialists 72 72 66 66 64 61 59 57 57 56 56 Pastors, priests Professional athletes, footballer TV-hosts, TV-moderators Civil servants Bankers, bank assistants Police men Businessmen, entrepreneurs Lawyers Insurance agents Mayors Politicians 6 14 30 50 49 48 48 46 44 42 41 Base: 1,000 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 49

Australia - Findings 22.7 M Population 15.4 M Working population (age 15 to 64) 98.1% Of age 20-64 secondary-educated CPI 85 Hardly any perceived corruption 3.4% GDP growth rate 59,570 $ GNI per Capita 5.1% Unemployment rate (ILO) Australians trust in the various groups diverges greatly: the nurses in the lead are trusted with 96% and the politicians as tail light with only just 14%. The average trust at 65% lies only just below the average rating for all countries. Fire fighters and paramedics lie with only one percentage point difference behind the pole position. In Australia, which is regularly confronted by major bush fires, this high level of trust in the helpers is understandable. Pilots (94%) and pharmacists (93%) follow with the same gradation. In addition, nine out of ten Australians express great trust in doctors and with a rating of 89%, the farmers occupy seventh place in the trust ranking. The policemen, soldiers and engineers meet with 83% trust in each case, and thus share a rank. The low level of corruption in the country doubtless also has an effect on the positive rating of soldiers and policemen, and on other state employees such as judges and civil servants, who are trusted by 75% and 68%, respectively. The Mayors, however, are in a substantially worse position, with a trust rating of 45%. The lower end of the rankings starts with the journalists with 35%. Insurance agents and advertising specialists are viewed with even more mistrust, although with 30% they still enjoy double the amount of trust than that enjoyed by the tail light the politicians. It's likely that they struggle with the idea that after a phase of economic growth lasting 20 years, a turnaround is imminent. In the meantime, experts are warning against too strong a focus on mining, which leads to a high dependence on the main customer, China. In addition, a consequence of the revaluation of the Australian Dollar, a result of the robust economic situation, is that some businesses are no longer competitive and close down in the end, such as Ford already has or General Motors soon will. This is presumably why the population also tend to be sceptical about businessmen, who earn a trust rating of only 40%. GfK 2014 GfK SE Contents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 50

Trust in professional groups in Australia ( I completely/generally trust, in %) Nurses 96 Craftsmen 66 Fire fighters 95 Pastors, priests 62 Paramedics Pilots 95 94 Bankers, bank assistants Market- or opinion researchers 51 62 Pharmacists 93 Retailer, Seller 51 Doctors, physicians Farmers Teachers Police men Soldiers Engineers, Technicians Train-bus-underground- or tram drivers 90 89 87 83 83 83 80 Lawyers Professional athletes, footballer Mayors TV-hosts, TV-moderators Actors Cab drivers Businessmen, entrepreneurs 46 45 45 43 43 43 40 Architects 78 Journalists 35 Judges Computer-, Software specialists 75 69 Insurance agents Advertising specialists 30 30 Civil servants 68 Politicians 14 Base: 1,000 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 51

India - Findings Although the CPI discloses clearly perceived corruption in India, the Indians trust in the individual professions is the greatest in comparison with other countries, with an average of 78%. (each 89%). In addition, nine out of ten Indians rate engineers and technicians as being very reliable. Nurses, who are awarded one percentage point more than the farmers, just missed promotion to the top 3 with 93%. 1,236.7 M Population 797.7 M Working population (age 15 to 64) 42.3% of age 20-64 secondary-educated CPI 36 High perceived corruption 3.2% GDP growth rate 1,530 $ GNI per Capita 3.5% Unemployment rate (ILO) The citizens are evidently mistrustful of two professional groups: politicians and policemen. The politicians are the only professional group with a trust rating below the 50% mark and thus as in many other countries also have the red lantern. With 43% this demonstrates an above-average positive result compared to other countries. The numerous failed demands of the incensed population for effective political measures to fight the high level of rape cases that prevails in the country have undoubtedly contributed to this scepticism. The standing of policemen, who are in second-last place with 50%, may well have suffered from these events. With 86%, however, the judges are particularly highly rated. That could be due to death sentences that were pronounced on four men who participated in a brutal group rape in Spring 2013, as a result of which a young woman died from her injuries. With this maximum sentence, the judiciary wanted to set an example in the battle against such violence. Even more trust than for the judges is awarded to bank assistants (88%) and fire fighters and pharmacists Teachers enjoy 96% trust and thus only minimally less than the doctors (97%). With a peak rating of 98%, almost every Indian trusts the soldiers. This is consistent with the results of the GfK Global Trust 2013 Report, in which the Indian Army as a whole, the third largest military force in the world, also occupied the first place, with 92% trust. GfK 2014 GfK SE Contents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 52

Trust in professional groups in India ( I completely/generally trust, in %) Soldiers 98 TV-hosts, TV-moderators 79 Doctors, physicians 97 Architects 78 Teachers Nurses 96 93 Paramedics Market- or opinion researchers 78 77 Farmers 92 Advertising specialists 76 Engineers, Technicians 90 Civil servants 75 Pharmacists 89 Businessmen, entrepreneurs 74 Fire fighters 89 Actors 72 Bankers, bank assistants Judges Computer-, Software specialists 88 86 86 Pastors, priests Professional athletes, footballer Lawyers 70 69 67 Journalists 84 Cab drivers 63 Pilots 82 Insurance agents 63 Craftsmen 82 Mayors 61 Retailer, Seller Train-bus-underground- or tram drivers 81 79 Police men Politicians 43 50 Base: 1,017 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 53

Indonesia - Findings 246.9 M Population 166.4 M Working population (age 15 to 64) 55.3% of age 20-64 secondary-educated CPI 32 High perceived corruption 6.2% GDP growth rate 3,420 $ GNI per Capita 6.6% Unemployment rate (ILO) In Indonesia, three professional groups are competing for first place: doctors, teachers and farmers are classed by 93% of citizens as particularly reliable. Agriculture is an important industry in Indonesia; a good third of the working population is employed in this sector. Nurses receive only one percentage point less trust (92%). The following nine professional branches are neck and neck with a difference of just five percentage points, so that the paramedics in fifth place have 89% trust and the architects can still achieve 84% despite being placed 13th. An initial large drop in trust is visible for the train drivers, who with 76% are presented with substantially less trust. But from here on, the distances between the ranks are again two percentage points at most. These comparatively high trust ratings lead to a disproportionately high average trust of 75% across all professional groups. For this reason, Indonesia lies a full eight percentage points above the country average, which means fourth place in the country rankings. This position seems difficult to understand, given the problems that Indonesia has to cope with: these include for instance widespread corruption with a CPI of only 32 points or the lack of legal certainty, which are expressed amongst other things in state public authorities taking sides against religious minorities. A high level of poverty according to World Bank figures, more than 40% of residents have less than the equivalent of 2 US Dollars per day to live on is a sign that the economic growth and raw materials wealth of the country does not reach a considerable proportion of the population. The placing of judges and politicians in the second and third-last places also shows however that the themes legal certainty and corruption are perceived quite critically by the population. But even the lower end of the scale is consistent with the Indonesians generally high trust, as only one professional group, that of the insurance agents, remains below the 50% mark. GfK 2014 GfK SE Contents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 54

Trust in professional groups in Indonesia ( I completely/generally trust, in %) Doctors, physicians 93 Mayors 72 Teachers Farmers 93 93 Businessmen, entrepreneurs Professional athletes, footballer 72 72 Nurses Paramedics Craftsmen Fire fighters Pilots TV-hosts, TV-moderators Pharmacists Soldiers Engineers, Technicians Architects Train-bus-underground- or tram drivers Computer-, Software specialists 76 75 92 89 89 88 87 86 86 85 84 84 Civil servants Market- or opinion researchers Cab drivers Retailer, Seller Advertising specialists Journalists Police men Lawyers Actors Pastors, priests Judges Politicians 72 70 69 67 65 64 64 61 59 58 52 50 Bankers, bank assistants 74 Insurance agents 49 Base: 1,043 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 55

Japan - Findings 127.6 M Population 81.5 M Working population (age 15 to 64) 99.7% of age 20-64 secondary-educated CPI 74 Hardly any perceived corruption 1.9% GDP growth rate 47,870 $ GNI per Capita 4.5% Unemployment rate (ILO) The ranking of professional groups in Japan can be divided into seven roughly equal-sized sections. The first includes the top 4 professional groups: at the top are the nurses with 90%, then with the same number of points come the fire fighters, paramedics and doctors each with 89%. The pharmacists can be placed in the second echelon with seven percentage points less, where pilots (80%), engineers (79%) and train drivers (77%) also belong. Farmers, who are trusted by 73%, head the third unit. Here, as well as soldiers and judges with 68% and 67%, respectively, the policemen can also be found, with 66%. This high level of trust in public-sector bodies corresponds with the hardly perceived corruption in Japan, which is expressed by a CPI rating of 74 points. Bankers (61%), professional athletes (59%) and teachers (58%) are placed on the middle of the seven steps. The professional branches in the fifth section are grouped around the 50% mark: with 51%, mayors receive the trust of just over half the population, against which only 48% trust the computer and software specialists in hightechnology Japan. Civil servants and the clergy with 47% and 46%, respectively, are met with a little more scepticism. A gap of 14 percentage points separates the next level, because businessmen, actors, TV hosts and market and opinion researchers are already mistrusted in each case by around two thirds of the Japanese. Thus Japan is by a wide margin globally the country with the least trust in the opinion polling industry. The last group ought actually to be sub-divided, because with around 25% each, very little trust is placed in insurance agents, journalists, traders or advertising specialists to be certain, but politicians with only 14% have the trust of even less Japanese. That means a clear bottom place. It is highly likely that above all the inadequate crisis management connected with the reactor catastrophe in Fukushima is also responsible for this. Whether the LDP under Minister President Abe, strengthened after the elections in 2012 and 2013, can ensure the necessary economic growth and strengthen trust in politics again remains to be seen. GfK 2014 GfK SE Contents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 56

Trust in professional groups in Japan ( I completely/generally trust, in %) Nurses 90 Professional athletes, footballer 59 Fire fighters 89 Teachers 58 Paramedics 89 Mayors 51 Doctors, physicians Pharmacists Pilots Engineers, Technicians Train-bus-underground- or tram drivers 89 82 80 79 77 Cab drivers Computer-, Software specialists Civil servants Pastors, priests Businessmen, entrepreneurs 32 50 48 47 46 Farmers Craftsmen Soldiers Lawyers Judges Police men Architects Bankers, bank assistants 73 70 68 68 67 66 66 61 Actors Market- or opinion researchers TV-hosts, TV-moderators Insurance agents Journalists Retailer, Seller Advertising specialists Politicians 14 32 32 31 26 25 25 23 Base: 1,200 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 57

South Korea - Findings 50.0 M Population 36.3 M Working population (age15 to 64) 93.8% of age 20-64 secondary-educated CPI 56 Perceived corruption 2.0% GDP growth rate 22,670 $ GNI per Capita 3.4% Unemployment rate (ILO) In South Korea no professional group attained a trust rating of over 90%. Exactly half of the sampled professions are met by the South Korean population with a trust percentage of less than 60%. With that, the average trust lies at around 59%, which means the fourth-from-bottom place in comparison with other countries. The nurses lead the trust rankings with 87%. They are followed by the fire fighters with three percentage points less. Also amongst the top 5 in the ranking are the doctors and pilots with 79% in each case. With 78% each, the paramedics and farmers rank immediately behind them. The pharmacists (73%) are thus the only medical professional group that is not placed in the leading group. In tenth place are the soldiers, who are trusted by 69% of the citizens. The South Korean population lives with the constant possibility of an escalation of the conflict with the communist North. For instance, in spring 2013, North Korea cancelled all non-aggression pacts with South Korea, which heightened the tense situation between the two countries. Positioned in midfield, despite the perceived corruption in the country, are the policemen and the lawyers (each 56%) together with the civil servants (55%) and the judges (54%). All the same, only somewhat more than half the South Koreans trust these professional groups. In a Korea affected by Confucian thoughts, religious freedom prevails, however, about half the citizens are nondenominational according to surveys and no religion can dominate society. That could explain the relatively low trust rating of 56% in the clergy. The other half of the population are, apart from several minorities, Buddhists, Protestants and Catholics which represent the largest religious communities. Only a good third have any trust in mayors and somewhat less than a third class insurance agents (32%) as trustworthy. Politicians form the tail light in the South Korean rankings too; only every fifth person trusts them. GfK 2014 GfK SE Contents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 58

Trust in professional groups in South Korea ( I completely/generally trust, in %) Nurses 87 Train-bus-underground- or tram drivers 58 Fire fighters 84 Police men 56 Doctors, physicians 79 Lawyers 56 Pilots 79 Pastors, priests 56 Paramedics 78 Civil servants 55 Farmers 78 Judges 54 Engineers, Technicians 73 Advertising specialists 51 Pharmacists Teachers Soldiers Bankers, bank assistants TV-hosts, TV-moderators Computer-, Software specialists 73 70 69 69 66 65 Actors Market- or opinion researchers Retailer, Seller Journalists Cab drivers Businessmen, entrepreneurs 50 47 47 45 43 41 Architects Professional athletes, footballer 64 61 Mayors Insurance agents 36 32 Craftsmen 60 Politicians 21 Base: 1,591 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 59

Kenya - Findings 43.2 M Population 23.7 M Working population (age 15 to 64) 36.3% of age 20-64 secondary-educated CPI 27 High perceived corruption 4.3% GDP growth rate In the former British colony, only the top 5 in the professional rankings sit above the 80% limit. The field is led by the doctors, with 87% trust. Closely behind are the nurses with a gap of only one percentage point. As regards the other medicinal professions, i.e. the paramedics (74%) and especially the pharmacists (67%), the Kenyan population already reacts more sceptically. With 84%, the farmers are also met with the same high level of trust as the teachers in Kenya, more than two thirds of the population works in the agricultural sector. With 82%, the pilots also register a high level of trust and the bank assistants with 79% are met with a very high level of trust in comparison with other countries. Professional athletes follow in the ranking as do the engineers and the TV hosts with 76%. The high level of trust in professional athletes can doubtless also be traced back to the international successes of Kenyans in light athletics, especially in the sport of running. The good performance of businessmen with 75% is of course due amongst other things to the country's position as an economic trailblazer in East Africa. who are ranked with 37% on the third-from-bottom place, however, are met with even more scepticism. Doubts about policemen are expressed by a full three out of four citizens. The deepest mistrust however, is in the politicians, who are trusted by only 16%. In spring 2013, the former controversial Deputy Prime Minister Kenyatta was elected as the new President of the country. Following the election there were openly-voiced allegations of irregularities in the counting of votes, which were however rejected by the Kenyan Supreme Court. Kenyatta is currently indicted by the International Criminal Court in The Hague. He is accused of being responsible for the unrest after the 2007 elections in which more than a thousand people were killed. 840 $ GNI per Capita ca. 40% Unemployment rate (ILO) The clearly perceived corruption in Kenya is probably a trigger for the deep mistrust in a majority of the state or state-related professional groups. These mostly occupy the lower end of the scale: trust in the judges at 50% is still somewhat higher than in the lawyers (42%). The mayors, GfK 2014 GfK SE Contents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 60

Trust in professional groups in Kenya ( I completely/generally trust, in %) Doctors, physicians 87 Computer-, Software specialists 65 Nurses 86 Retailer, Seller 64 Farmers Teachers Pilots Bankers, bank assistants Engineers, Technicians Professional athletes, footballer TV-hosts, TV-moderators Businessmen, entrepreneurs Paramedics Journalists Architects Fire fighters Pharmacists Soldiers 84 84 82 79 76 76 76 75 74 71 70 68 67 65 Actors Market- or opinion researchers Craftsmen Pastors, priests Advertising specialists Civil servants Train-bus-underground- or tram drivers Cab drivers Judges Insurance agents Lawyers Mayors Police men Politicians 16 25 63 63 61 58 57 56 54 53 50 49 42 37 Base: 1,030 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 61

Nigeria - Findings 168.8 M Population 90.8 M Working population (age 15 to 64) 47.5% of age 20-64 secondary-educated CPI 27 High perceived corruption 6.6% GDP growth rate 1,430 $ GNI per Capita ca. 22% Unemployment rate (ILO) In Nigeria, the professional group of farmers lies alone at the top; they are trusted by 84% of the citizens. In the most highly-populated country in Africa, the agricultural sector accounts for around 40% of the GDP and around 60% of the population works in this industry. However, the rural economy is underdeveloped and hardly in a position to cover the domestic demand for foodstuffs. Pharmacists lie below the top position with a gap of eight percentage points; immediately behind them are the teachers and the doctors with 75% and 74% respectively. Most state professional groups can be found amongst the bottom rankings: the judges (50%) and mayors (48%) are met with scepticism from around half the population. As many as two out of three citizens express criticism of policemen (32%) and politicians (29%), which is why they trail far behind in the bottom places. This can undoubtedly be traced back to the massive corruption in the country, which is confirmed by a CPI of 27 points, although reforms have already been initiated to fight it. In the country with the largest oil reserves globally, they have so far not yet succeeded in using this wealth for the economic and social development of the whole population more than two thirds of people live in poverty. The deep mistrust in the Nigerian police hardly comes as a surprise either: They are also commonly known as kill and go police due to their brutal behaviour and violations of human rights. The military also stands accused of serious human rights offences, yet 64% of Nigerians claim to trust the soldiers. It is possible however that their attitude in the battle against Islamic terror is felt to be the comparatively lesser evil. The average trust in professional groups in Nigeria lies with 62% below the average of the countries considered here. It is highly likely that ethnic, regional, social, religious and political tensions, which are caused principally by strong socio-economical inequalities, are responsible for this cautious attitude amongst the population. GfK 2014 GfK SE Contents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 62

Trust in professional groups in Nigeria ( I completely/generally trust, in %) Farmers 84 Paramedics 63 Pharmacists 76 Businessmen, entrepreneurs 62 Teachers 75 Actors 62 Doctors, physicians 74 Civil servants 61 TV-hosts, TV-moderators 72 Craftsmen 60 Retailer, Seller Engineers, Technicians 72 72 Cab drivers Market- or opinion researchers 59 57 Pilots 71 Advertising specialists 57 Nurses Bankers, bank assistants Architects Computer-, Software specialists Professional athletes, footballer 69 69 68 67 66 Journalists Train-bus-underground- or tram drivers Insurance agents Judges Lawyers 56 51 50 50 49 Pastors, priests 65 Mayors 48 Fire fighters 65 Police men 32 Soldiers 64 Politicians 29 Base: 1,168 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 63

South Africa - Findings 51.2 M Population 33.4 M Working population (age 15 to 64) 55.8% of age 20-64 secondary-educated CPI 43 High perceived corruption 2.5% GDP growth rate Amongst the 26 countries examined, the average trust expressed in all professional groups is at its highest level in South Africa, with 81%. In view of the many sources of conflict in the very ethnically mixed country, this high level of trust appears surprising: the problems range from the hardened fronts between employees and employers and the resulting to some extent violent strikes, via the fall in value of the national currency, the Rand, to racism against immigrants from other African countries. All the same, only just a quarter of the professional groups considered lies below the 80% limit in South Africa. Only from this point are notable drops to be seen. The ranking is thus characterised by a very limited spread: the pole position is occupied by the doctors with 95%; at the other end of the scale can be found the politicians, who are still met with 43% trust. With that, this is also the only professional group in which more than half the population announces its mistrust. Causes of the lack of trust are undoubtedly corruption, the complicated bureaucracy and a Government that, according to the media, engages itself too little in economic development. allegations of too harsh action for instance, there are many deaths in police custody. Only in spring of this year, a case in which a taxi driver from Mozambique was tied up by policemen and dragged to death by a police car aroused the populations displeasure. The top 6 professions all lie above the 90% mark. After the doctors in pole position follow the engineers and fire fighters (each with 93%). The pharmacists and teachers are also met by a high level of trust of 92% in each case. With the paramedics (91%), another medical profession occupies one of the upper ranks. 7,610 $ GNI per Capita 24.7% Unemployment rate (ILO) Policemen are ranked ahead of insurance agents and the politicians in third-from-last place. Still, 61% of South Africans have trust in the policemen; their relatively poor placing, however, can presumably most likely be traced to GfK 2014 GfK SE Contents Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 64

Trust in professional groups in South Africa ( I completely/generally trust, in %) Doctors, physicians 95 Craftsmen 83 Engineers, Technicians 93 TV-hosts, TV-moderators 82 Fire fighters 93 Soldiers 82 Pharmacists 92 Bankers, bank assistants 82 Teachers 92 Civil servants 81 Paramedics 91 Judges 80 Pilots 90 Advertising specialists 80 Nurses Farmers 88 88 Retailer, Seller Train-bus-underground- or tram drivers 80 75 Architects Computer-, Software specialists 86 86 Lawyers Mayors 73 69 Pastors, priests Market- or opinion researchers Professional athletes, footballer Actors Businessmen, entrepreneurs 85 85 84 83 83 Cab drivers Journalists Police men Insurance agents Politicians 43 68 65 61 57 Base: 1,194 respondents GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 65

Background information and methodology GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 66

Background information Europe Europe Total population Share of working population (15-64 years) Expected population growth p.a. Average per capita income (2012) Share of pop. at least secondaryeducated (20-64 years) Corruption Perception Index CPI (2012) Unemployment rate (2011) Gross domestic product GDP (real) in % (2012) Austria 8.5M 67.7% 14K 48,160 $ 97.8% 69 4.1 0.8 Belgium 11.1M 657% 31K 44,990 $ 87.7% 75 7.1-0.3 France 65.7M 64.9% 325K 41,750 $ 91.1% 71 9.3 0.0 Germany 81.9M 66.1% -166K 44,010 $ 97.0% 79 5.9 0.7 Italy 60.9M 65.5% 138K 33,840 $ 87.6% 42 8.4-2.4 Netherlands 16.8M 67.0% 47K 48,250 $ 89.1% 84 4.4-1.0 Poland 38.5M 71.6% 16K 12,670 $ 87.3% 58 9.6 1.9 Russia 143.5M 72.1% -146K 12,700 $ 98.0% 28 6.6 3.4 Spain 46.2M 68.0% 291K 30,110 $ 76.7% 65 21.6-1.4 Sweden 9.5M 65.3% 54K 56,210 $ 95.5% 88 7.5 0.7 Switzerland 8.0M 68.1% 30K 82,730 $ 95.5% 86 4.1 1.0 Turkey 74.0M 67.6% 850K 10,830 $ 420% 49 9.8 2.2 UK 63.2M 66.0% 380K 38,250 $ 80.1% 74 7.8 0.3 Source World Bank, Stand 09/2013 United Nations, Country Profiles, Stand 09/2011 United Nations, Country Profiles, Stand 09/2011 World Bank, GNI per Capita, Atlas Method (current US$) IIASA Education Projection 2010 Transparency International World Bank, Unemployment Rate, ILO definition World Bank, GDP growth, Stand 09/2013 GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 67

Background information North- and South America North- and South America Total population Share of working population (15-64 years) Expected population growth p.a. Average per capita income (2012) Share of pop. at least secondaryeducated (20-64 years) Corruption Perception Index CPI (2012) Unemployment rate (2011) Gross domestic product GDP (real) in % (2012) Canada 34.9M 69.5% 322K 50,970 $ 93.7% 84 7.4 1.7 USA 313.9M 66.8% 2,700K 50,120 $ 945% 73 8.9 2.2 Argentina 41.1M 64.5% 353K 9,740 $ 59.8% 35 7.2 1.2 Brazil 198.7M 67.5% 1,669K 11,630 $ 56.8% 43 6.0 0.9 Source World Bank, Stand 09/2013 United Nations, Country Profiles, Stand 09/2011 United Nations, Country Profiles, Stand 09/2011 World Bank, GNI per Capita, Atlas Method (current US$) IIASA Education Projection 2010 Transparency International World Bank, Unemployment Rate, ILO definition World Bank, GDP growth, Stand 09/2013 GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 68

Background information Asia, Pacific region, Africa Asia and the Pacific region Total population Share of working population (15-64 years) Expected population growth p.a. Average per capita income (2012) Share of pop. at least secondaryeducated (20-64 years) Corruption Perception Index CPI (2012) Unemployment rate (2011) Gross domestic product GDP (real) in % (2012) Australia 22.7M 67.7% 305K 59,570 $ 98.1% 85 5.1 3.4 India 1,236.7M 64.5% 16,721K 1,530 $ 42.3% 36 3.5 3.2 Indonesia 246.9M 67.4% 2,402K 3,420 $ 55.3% 32 6.6 6.2 Japan 127.6M 63.9% -93K 47,870 $ 99.7% 74 4.5 1.9 South Korea 50,0M 72.5% 187K 22,670 $ 93.8% 56 3.4 2.0 Africa Kenya 43.2M 54.8% 1,168K 0,840 $ 36.3% 27-4.3 Nigeria 168.8M 53.8% 4,274K 1,430 $ 47.5% 27-6.6 South Africa 51.2M 65.2% 260K 7,610 $ 55.8% 43 24.7 2.5 Source World Bank, Stand 09/2013 United Nations, Country Profiles, Stand 09/2011 United Nations, Country Profiles, Stand 09/2011 World Bank, GNI per Capita, Atlas Method (current US$) IIASA Education Projection 2010 Transparency International World Bank, Unemployment Rate, ILO definition World Bank, GDP growth, Stand 09/2013 GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 69

Methodology in general Comment Explanation Query in general For all queried professional groups the following scale was applied: 1) I completely trust them 2) I generally trust them 3) I do not trust them much 4) I do not trust them at all 9) No comment Presentation in general For a better comparability only I completely/generally trust has been displayed graphically Additional question in Germany For the queried trust into people in general, the following answer categories had been used: 1) In the first place, I generally trust everybody 2) Everybody who doesn t give me a reason not to trust them 3) Only people I have had positive experiences with 4) In the first place, I generally don t trust anybody 9) No comment GfK 2014 GfK SE Source: GfK Verein, Trust in Professions 2014 70