Seven Wonders of the World and More by Don Blattner COPYRIGHT 1998 Mark Twain Media, Inc. ISBN 978-1-58037-823-9 Printing No. 1873-EB Mark Twain Media, Inc., Publishers Distributed by Carson-Dellosa Publishing Company, Inc. The purchase of this book entitles the buyer to reproduce the student pages for classroom use only. Other permissions may be obtained by writing Mark Twain Media, Inc., Publishers. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America.
Table of Contents Table of Contents Introduction...iv...1 List and Locate the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World...2 : What Did They Look Like?...3 : Where Would They Be Today?...4 The Great Pyramid of Giza...5 Inside the Pyramid...6 The Great Pyramid Quiz...7 The Pyramids and Mummies...8 Strange Facts About Ancient Egyptian Burials...9 Ancient Egyptian Terms...10 Three World Conquerors Who Invaded Egypt...11 Napoleon and the Pyramids...12 The Hanging Gardens of Babylon...13 The Hanging Gardens of Babylon Quiz...15 Create a Travel Brochure for the Hanging Gardens...16 Mesopotamia...18 Hanging Gardens of Babylon Crossword Puzzle...19 Hammurabi s Code...20 The Statue of Zeus at Olympia...23 The Statue of Zeus Quiz...24 The Greek Temples...25 Research on Temples...26 History of the Olympic Games...27 Olympic Games Synonyms...29 Strange Facts About the Early Olympics...30 The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus...31 The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus Quiz...33 Research On Greek Life...34 Temple of Artemis Word Search...35 Greek and Roman Gods...36 Greek Gods and Goddesses from A to Z...37 Creating a Greek God or Goddess...38 The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus...39 The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus Quiz...40 Burial and Death...41 Burial and Death Terms...42 It s Greek to Me Crossword Puzzle...43 ii
Table of Contents The Colossus of Rhodes...44 The Colossus of Rhodes Quiz...46 Research on Greek Warfare...47 The Lighthouse of Alexandria...48 The Lighthouse of Alexandria Quiz...50 Trading and Lighthouses...51 Sailing and Trading in Greece...52 Archaeology and the Wonders of the World...53 Archaeology Quiz...54 Other Wonders of the World...55 Stonehenge...55 Stonehenge Vocabulary...56 The Great Wall of China...57 Great Wall of China Synonyms...58 The Colosseum of Rome...59 Colosseum Vocabulary...60 The Roman Games...61 Create a Roman Character...62 Terms in Ancient Roman Life Crossword Puzzle...64 The Taj Mahal...65 Taj Mahal Vocabulary...66 The Statue of Liberty...68 Comparing the Statue of Liberty With the Colossus of Rhodes...70 Rewriting the Statue of Liberty Inscription...71 Statues...72 Research on Statues...73 Identifying Well-Known Statues...75 Buildings, Temples, and Monuments...76 Overlooked Wonders...78 Natural Wonders of the World...79 Research on Natural Wonders of the World...82 Create Your Own List of the Seven Wonders of the World...84 Answer Keys...85 Internet Resources...92 iii
Name Date About 120 b.c., a Greek poet named Antipater compiled a list that has become known as. These wonders were the most remarkable structures created by human beings between the years of about 3000 b.c. to a.d. 280. They are called wonders because of their immense size, beauty, or architectural innovation. Since the list was made by a Greek at a time when travel to distant countries was rare, it is not surprising that all of the wonders were found in the region close to Greece. Had Antipater known about the Great Wall of China, which was begun in the third century b.c. and took hundreds of years to complete, or Stonehenge, which was built at about the same time as the pyramids, he might have included them. Here are the seven wonders Antipater compiled. 1. The Great Pyramid of Giza 2. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon 3. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia 4. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus 5. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus 6. The Colossus of Rhodes 7. The Lighthouse of Alexandria The Great Pyramid at Giza. The pyramids are the oldest of the ancient wonders and the only structures on the list still standing. The three pyramids were built as tombs for, and by, Egyptian kings in about 2580 b.c. The Egyptian kings were Khufu, Khafre, and Menkure. The largest pyramid, the Great Pyramid, is about 450 feet high and each side is 755 feet long at its base. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Babylon was a rich and powerful ancient city along the Euphrates River where modern Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, is now located. Babylon had many beautiful buildings, and one of the most beautiful was the Hanging Gardens, which was a huge, terraced building planted with every kind of tree and flower available in the kingdom. The Gardens were built by Nebuchadnezzar II, who ruled Babylon from 605 to 562 b.c. He built the Hanging Gardens for Amytis, his wife, who was homesick for her native country, Persia, which had hills, trees, flowers, and plants. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus. In about 560 b.c., Croesus, the King of Lydia, had a glorious temple built in Ephesus, a Greek city on the coast of Asia Minor that is now part of present-day Turkey. The temple, built of limestone and marble, was dedicated to the Greek goddess Artemis. Artemis, a protector of animals and young girls, was considered their main goddess. The Romans called this goddess Diana. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia. Olympia in Greece, a religious center where priests lived, was the location for many religious festivals and activities. Today, people know of Olympia because it is the place where the Olympic Games began. In the fifth century b.c., however, it was famous as the location of the magnificent statue of Zeus, the king of the gods. The statue, covered in ivory, gold, and precious stones, was completed about 450 b.c. and was probably the most famous statue in the ancient world. The Greek sculptor, Phidias of Athens, was the creator of this majestic sculpture. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. Halicarnassus was the capital of a Greek city in Caria. Caria was on the coast of Asia Minor in what is now Turkey. The ruler of Caria was a man named Mausolus who had succeeded his father as governor. Mausolus was powerful and ambitious. With 1
Name money looted from victories in battle, he built the capital city of Halicarnassus and a beautiful palace for himself and his queen. He also planned a magnificent tomb that was completed after his death in 353 b.c. The tomb was so magnificent, that even today large tombs are called mausoleums. The Colossus of Rhodes. The people who lived on Rhodes, an island in the Aegean Sea off the coast of present-day Turkey, felt that Helios, the Greek sun-god, had saved their island from invaders. In gratitude, the people of Rhodes decided to build a special, large statue to honor him. The people chose Chares, an architect, to design the 120-foot statue, which was placed somewhere overlooking the harbor. The statue was called the Colossus from the Greek word kolossos, meaning a huge statue. We do not know what the statue looked like, but it is likely that the Statue of Liberty, located in New York Harbor, was inspired by the Colossus. The Colossus was completed in about 290 b.c. The Lighthouse of Alexandria. The last of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World was the Lighthouse of Alexandria, sometimes called the Pharos of Alexandria because it was built on the island of Pharos, just outside the harbor of Alexandria, Egypt. The lighthouse was so wellknown in its time that the word pharos came to mean lighthouse in many languages. Designed by the Greek architect Sostratos, the lighthouse was about 400 feet tall, and the top tower held a fire that guided boats into the harbor. The lighthouse was completed in about 280 b.c. Date List and Locate the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World In the form below, list the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World and fill in the information concerning each. Wonder Location Date Builder or Purpose Completed Designer 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 2
: What Did They Look Like? Name Date What Did They Look Like? You have read about the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Do you know what they may have looked like? While we don t know exactly how they appeared, we do have descriptions of most that have been handed down over the years. Below is a list of names of the Seven Wonders. In the space before each name on the list, put the letter of the appropriate Wonder. 1. The Great Pyramid of Giza 2. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon 3. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia 4. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus 5. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus 6. The Colossus of Rhodes 7. The Lighthouse of Alexandria A. B. C. E. D. F. G. 3