Analysis of Large-System Fault with Phasor Measurements

Analysis of Large-System Fault with Phasor Measurements Sergio Luiz Zimath Reason Tecnology Ildemar Decker, Daniel Dotta and Marcelo Agostini Federal University of Santa Catarina 13 th Annual Fault Disturbance Analysis Conference Georgia Tech - Atlanta May 4 th 2010 1

Introduction Generation far from load More than 80% hydro Long transmission lines Power stability issues Many Special Protection Schemes System becomes highly nonlinear Need for better monitoring Tendency to use hydro due economical benefit 2

Medfasee Project Project started in 2003 Development of a prototype WAMS Internet communication over VPN Installation of PMUs in universities in Brazil Study, dissemination and educational use of the WAMS technology Applications for power system monitoring, control and fault location 3

Medfasee Project Five geographical regions are covered (9 universities) Virtual Private Network over Internet for communication 4

The MedFasee Eletrosul Project Developments: First installation in a 500kV system in Brazil Main transmission utility of south 4 PMUs and 1 PDC Applications for monitoring tools and fault location Power system performance analysis 5

PMUs used Multifunctional device PMU Digital Fault Recorder Power Quality Recorder Continuous Recorder Travelling Wave fault locator More IEEE C37.118 compliant ONS testing at NIST: conditionally passed Sending 60 phasors per second (3Ф) 6

Main oscillation modes of Brazil 7

Itaipu Tucurui Special Protection Schema Characteristics: Automatic dropping of generation Itaipu Hydro (14.000 MW) Tucurui Hydro (8.370 MW) Maintain integrity of the system after loosing 765 kv circuits from Itaipu transmission Power plants are 2200 miles apart 33 miliseconds delay for signal transmission 40 repeaters SPS raised in 900MW the transmission capacity from North-Southeast 8

July 4 th 2009 - Special Protection Schema tripping 9

July 4 th 2009 - Special Protection Schema tripping Characteristics: One-phase short circuit followed by the tripping of two circuits C1 and C2 from 765kV Foz do Iguaçu Ivaiporã. Successful generation dropping of 4 units of Itaipu and 2 units of Tucurui. Frequency Behavior 60.2 Frequência do S IN - S P M S MedFasee 60 59.8 Frequência (Hz) 59.6 59.4 59.2 59 UFP A UNIFE I UnB UFRJ UFC US P -S C UTFP R P UC-RS UFS C 58.8 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Tempo(s ) - Início: 04/07/2009 21:35:00 GMT Distribution system Transmission system 10

July 4 th 2009 - Special Protection Schema tripping Frequência do SIN - SPMS MedFasee Frequência (Hz) 59.9 59.85 59.8 59.75 UFPA UNIFEI UnB UFRJ UFC USP-S C UTFPR PUC-RS UFSC 59.7 59.65 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 Tem po(s) - Início: 04/07/2009 21:35:00 GM T 11

Measured oscillation modes 12

Second Schema tripping July 22, 2009 Tripping of three 765 kv lines Only 600 kv DC link Generation shedding 3180 MW from Itaipu 627 MW from Tucurui Successful without any load lost 13

October 4 th 2009 lost interconnection 14

October 4 th 2009 lost interconnection Previous flow was south to north Frequency in south reached 60.98 Hz Dominant oscillation mode measured 0.6Hz : South-Southeast North-South mode not present North-south interconnection was lost No load shedding 15

October 4 th 2009 lost interconnection F re q u ê n c ia (H z ) 61 60.9 60.8 60.7 60.6 60.5 60.4 60.3 60.2 60.1 60 Frequencies Frequência do SIN - SPMS MedFasee UNIFEI UnB COPPE USP-SC UTFPR UFSC PUC-RS 142 144 146 148 150 152 Tempo(s) - Início:04/10/2009 18:37:00 (local) M a g n i t u d e d a F r e q u ê n c i a ( H z ) 0.025 0.02 0.015 0.01 0.005 Oscillation modes Espectro de Frequências da Frequência no SIN (Janela 1) 0,6Hz UNIFEI UnB COPPE USP-SC UTFPR UFSC PUC-RS 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Frequência (Hz) 16

Now that s look when something wrong happened... 17

November 10 th 2009 - Blackout 10:13 PM Heavy rains Three phase to ground short-circuits Three 765kV circuits from Itaipu lost at same time 600kV DC link lost due voltage collapse First time Itaipu was completely shut down 3:42 hours to restore system 18

November 10 th 2009 - Blackout North Northeast Southeast Central west South 19

November 10 th 2009 - Blackout Load at area Southeast/Central = 37.7 GW 65% lost (22.5 GW) in Southeast 27% lost (0.9 GW) in Central Generation lost in corridor = 11.9 GW 31.5 % from generation on area 20

November 10 th 2009 - Blackout Sequence of events B-G A-G C-G 21

November 10 th 2009 - Blackout Sequence of events Lines in fault 22

November 10 th 2009 - Blackout North: 63,6 Hz South: 58,6 Hz Resynchroniza tion in 15 s? One 500kV line kept linking areas Asynchronous operation between areas 23

November 10 th 2009 - Blackout Frequency Power flow (MW) adjacent 500Kv line 24

November 10 th 2009 - Blackout After 90 s finally separated 25

November 10 th 2009 - Blackout November10th 2009 - Blackout Flashover 26

November 10 th 2009 - Blackout Actual status Final report still not ready Large discussions about responsibility Not a single cause Transmission utility penalized in US$ 30 millions State owned Presidential Election this year Politicians talking about power system were very funny 27

November 10 th 2009 - Blackout As the cause is raining solution is: 28

February 10 th 2010 System separation Large flow northsouth Fault caused by a tree on one 500kV circuit Automatic separation in tree systems North NORTE Marabá Itacaíunas C1 C1 Gurupi C3 C2 C4 1φg C1 C2 Tucuruí C2 Colinas Miracema C3 C3 C2 C2 C1 C1 C1 C2 Peixe 2 Açailândia Imperatriz Ribeiro Gonçalves C1 C2 Presidente Dutra São João do Piauí NORDESTE Northeast NORDESTE Teresina II Boa Esperança Sobradinho Northeast C1 C2 Peixe Rio das Éguas C1 C2 Serra da Mesa C3 Samambaia Serra da Mesa 2 CO/SE/S South-Central Bom Jesus da Lapa 2 Sem escala. LT ligada LT desligada 29

February 10 th 2010 System separation Sequence of tentative to restore the line 30

February 10 th 2010 System separation Detail of when it started 31

February 10 th 2010 System separation How far it has gone North South/Southeast Northeast 32

February 10 th 2010 System separation System restored after 13 minutes 33

February 10 th 2010 System separation All system modes measured!!! 34

Paper in IEEE GM 2010 35

Conclusion Effectively measured all oscillation modes and dumplings during faults Analysis of the bulk power system using distribution level Very easy installation Excellent educational tool Upgraded to 14 PMUs this year 36

Thanks! sergio.zimath@reason.com.br 37