Progress in Understanding Mathematics Assessment (PUMA)

Progress in Understanding Mathematics Assessment (PUMA) Interim Manual for Autumn tests Years 3 to 6 Colin McCarty & Caroline Cooke

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Contents 1 Introduction 04 This interim manual 04 What is PUMA? 04 PUMA Curriculum Maps 04 Why use PUMA? 05 What does PUMA provide? 05 2 Administering the PUMA Tests 06 When to test 06 How to test 06 Group size 06 Timings 06 Preparation 06 Test conditions 06 Administration 06 3 Answers and mark schemes 07 Marking and recording results 07 PUMA 3 Autumn 08 PUMA 4 Autumn 10 PUMA 5 Autumn 12 PUMA 6 Autumn 15 4 Obtaining and interpreting test s 18 Summative measures 18 Reporting progress the PUMA Scale 20 Predicting future performance 22 5 Standardised conversion tables 24 PUMA 3 Autumn 24 PUMA 4 Autumn 25 PUMA 5 Autumn 26 PUMA 6 Autumn 28 3

1 Introduction This interim manual for PUMA Autumn We have brought forward publication of the PUMA Autumn tests, so that you can start assessing Mathematics in the Autumn term, as you start using the new National Curriculum. To support you in using the PUMA Autumn tests, we have published this free teacher guidance which provides everything you need to administer and mark the Autumn tests. More extensive teacher guidance, including information relating to the PUMA Spring and Summer tests will be provided in the full PUMA Manuals Stages 1 and 2, which will be published in March 2015, together with the PUMA tests for Spring and Summer. The PUMA Manuals will also include the following information, to assist you when using PUMA across the whole school year: Diagnostic and formative information Pupil profile sheets for each term, to enable you to review patterns of strengths and weaknesses across the year. Further information about interpreting and analysing results Technical information about the standardisation Teacher scripts and mark schemes for the PUMA Spring and Summer tests. In the meantime, should you have any queries about using the PUMA Autumn tests, please email assessment@hodder.co.uk. What is PUMA? Progress in Understanding Mathematics Assessment (PUMA) is a suite of tests written to the new National Curriculum. PUMA is designed to be used toward the end of each term, to measure and monitor pupils progress term by term, providing reliable, predictive and diagnostic information. The autumn test is a wider span test than the more focused Spring and Summer tests, with questions relating to mathematics covered in earlier years; it should be used to baseline the children (who will have only had at best one term of teaching on this year s curriculum). PUMA is designed for whole-class use, with pupils of all abilities. The tests are easy and quick to administer each taking between 30 60 minutes, depending on the year and are straightforward to mark. PUMA Curriculum Maps The PUMA tests provide thorough coverage of the new National Curriculum Programme of Study for the particular year. We have created Curriculum Maps, breaking down the Programme of Study for the year term by term. These Curriculum Maps help to define what PUMA assesses each term. The Curriculum Maps can be downloaded from www.hoddereducation.co.uk/puma. Schools taking part in the standardisation of PUMA followed these Curriculum Maps to guide them in delivering the new National Curriculum, before it was statutory. This made the standardisation of the PUMA tests a valid assessment of the new National Curriculum. 4

Why use PUMA? PUMA provides reliable summative information. For example: PUMA uniquely provides three carefully designed tests for each year, enabling you to follow the progress of your pupils from term to term, as well as year to year throughout primary school. Marks have been calibrated onto the PUMA Scale to allow you to follow progress term by term and compare progress to national norms see page 20 for further details. It allows you to predict what they should obtain in subsequent terms and so set meaningful targets. However, if you need to establish a National Curriculum level for each pupil, PUMA tests are calibrated to indicate National Curriculum levels. Also, because it has a diagnostic capability, PUMA enables you to investigate some of the strengths and weaknesses of your pupils mathematics skills. To enable you to use the information in a diagnostic/formative way, total s can be broken down into distinct aspects of mathematics, giving a useful profile which reflects the categories of the new National Curriculum. These are: Number, place value and rounding Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division; algebra Fractions, decimals and percentages, ratio and proportion Measures Geometry: shapes position, direction, motion Statistics, data handling. What does PUMA provide? PUMA provides a standardised assessment of a pupil s mathematics attainment, plus a profile that helps you to identify pupils who may need further teaching and practice, as well as helping you to identify where they are doing well. It provides four global measures of mathematics attainment for each pupil: an age-standardised (from which a percentile can be derived) a Mathematics age a on the PUMA Scale National Curriculum sublevels and APP level. Each test also gives a points (widely used by local authorities). The PUMA test results have been statistically linked from term to term and year to year to enable you to track or predict progress through the whole primary phase. This also enables detailed comparison of individual patterns of performance against the norms and patterns for the term. Underpinning all this is the PUMA Scale: this gives the equivalent of a decimalised level which enables you to monitor small increments of progress from term to term. Although National Curriculum levels are no longer in use, these tests carry forward the standard from 2014, so that you have a measure that may be compared back to previous years, at this time of transition. The PUMA Scale acts as a common spine on which all the PUMA tests across the primary phase are plotted (Table 4.3 on page 20 draws this all together). It provides the statistical basis for predicting pupil progress and future attainment, based on the termly performance data of over 10,000 pupils nationally. 5

2 Administering the PUMA tests When to test The PUMA tests have been designed to assess the National Curriculum objectives presented in the PUMA Curriculum Map for that term. They should, ideally, be used just before the end of term. How to test Give each pupil a test booklet and ask them to write their names on the front cover. Before the test, tell pupils these key points: That pupils need to read the questions themselves, but weak readers may be given help with reading the question (see Administration below). There will be some sections they can do easily, particularly the earlier questions. They shouldn t worry if they find some questions difficult. They should just try their best and move on to see if they can answer some of the following questions. Ask them to write answers clearly. If they change their mind, they should cross or rub out the wrong answer and write in the new answer. Group size You can administer the tests to a whole class or large group, if you feel comfortable doing so. With weaker Year 3 children, however, it may be better to work with small groups, with the TA also delivering the test for example, five or six children of similar ability so that pauses can be taken, if required. Timings A maximum time limit of 50 minutes is advised for the Year 3 and 4 tests, and 60 minutes for the Year 5 and 6 tests. In the PUMA standardisation we found that it took well under one minute for a mark for most pupils, unless they were particularly hesitant or slow workers, where extra time may be allowed. Preparation Each pupil will need the appropriate test booklet and a pencil or pen. Test conditions For results to be reliable, it is important that the pupils work alone, without copying or discussing their answers. Administration If any pupils are uncertain about what they need to do, you may give additional explanation to help them understand the requirements of the test. Do not, however, help with the mathematical content of the question or read out any of the actual numbers that form part of the question. 6

3 Answers and mark schemes Marking and recording results Use the box in the right-hand margin alongside each question in the test booklets to record marks. Some questions have more than one part, or attract more than one mark, so please follow the mark scheme carefully. No half-marks should be awarded. Beneath each box there are code letters indicating the category of maths the question focuses on (using abbreviations for numeracy, operations, fractions, geometry, measures, statistics and problem solving). If you would like to profile the pupil s performance, add up the number of marks they have obtained in each coded category and record them on the front cover of the test booklet. You can record total marks for the page at the bottom of each page in the test booklets. Then add together the page s to find each pupil s total raw and record this at the bottom of the front cover. Please use your professional judgement when marking. For example, accept mirror reversals of single digits but not reversals of double-digit numbers. Equally, any clear indication of the answer is acceptable, irrespective of what was asked for (e.g. an object ticked instead of circled). When you have calculated the total raw for each pupil, refer to the conversion tables to obtain: the age-standardised Mathematics age PUMA Scale plus National Curriculum sublevel and APP level, as required. See Section 4: Obtaining and interpreting test s on page 18 for further details. 7

PUMA 3 Autumn answers and mark scheme Answer Category NC level 1 8, PS 1b 2 Join boy to the cylinder and girl to the triangular prism. geom 2b Both required. 3 8-5 = 3 1a 3 + 6 = 9 Both required. No mark if more than these two ticked. 4 Any four small triangles shaded frac 2b 5 (a) 40 (b) 30 num num 2b 2a 6 27, 31 and 55 circled num 2c No mark if more than these three circled. 7 (a) 60 2c (b) 11 2b 8 (a) France stat 2c (b) Greece and Turkey stat 1a (c) 25 stat, PS 2c 9 14 children, PS 2a 10 (a) Pencil and Pad (b) A 20p, 5p and a 2p circled No mark for 10p, 10p, 5p, 2p. meas, PS meas, PS 11 14cm meas 12 A cross on the pentagon in the hexagons section geom 2a 13 203, 223, 230, 302, 320 num 2b 2b 2c 14 Any two identical numbers Accept two zeros. 15 83 and 103 num 2c 2c 445 and 145 num 2c 16 Crosses drawn on both parallelogram and right-angled geom 3a triangle only. 17 7 groups, PS 18 573 3c 19 Both 740 and 46 only num 20 Square correctly completed within 2mm of correct vertex, even if ruler not used geom 8

21 4 8 20 3 12 3 24 4 6 36 4 32 60 3c 8 All three correct for 2 marks, two correct for 1 mark. 22 15 frac 3a 23 geom 24 30 num, PS 3c 25 845 + 1 3a 26 (a) 40 minutes (b) any one section shaded on cake on left any two sections shaded on cake on right meas frac 3a 3a Both required Vertical faces need not be shaded. 27 60 120 frac frac 3a 4c frac 3a frac 3a 28 ¾ 1½ Both joined near enough to be unambiguous. 0 1 2 ½ ¾ 1½ 29 118 3a 30 30cm or 0.3m if unit altered meas, PS 4b PUMA 3 Autumn: Analysis of performance by category Category Number of National marks average mark National % Number 8 4.4 55 Operations 12 6.6 52 Fractions 7 1.6 23 Measures 5 1.5 30 Geometry 5 1.8 36 Statistics 3 2.4 80 Total 40 17.9 45 Problem solving 8 4.2 60 9

PUMA 4 Autumn answers and mark scheme Answer Category NC level 1 20 2c 2 47p meas 2c 3 (a) D (b) C geom geom 2b 2a 4 (a) 25 children (b) 9 girls, PS 2c 2b 5 16mph meas 2a 6 Any two rectangles shaded frac 2a 7 250 num 2b 8 24 and 48 num 2b Both required. 9 C and D only geom 3c 10 60 cherries, PS 2a 11 num 3c rounds to 150 rounds to 160 rounds to 170 154 161 156 169 172 All four numbers correct. 12 50 num 3c 30 16 All three required. 13 (a) Isosceles triangle and trapezium ticked, only. geom 3c (b) Trapezium (correct spelling not required) geom 4b Do not accept quadrilateral. 14 20 minutes meas 3c 15 4 num 2a 16 12 and 7 3 or 3 7 num 2a Both required. 17 (a) Ben and Sarah stat 2c (b) 15 (accept 15.00, but not 15.0) stat, PS 3a (c) 80 (accept 80.00, but not 80.0) stat, PS 4c 18 7.3 frac Accept 7 3 / 10 19 3 1 / 3 and 4 2 / 3 frac 3c Both required. 20 < < > 3a 21 30 weeks meas 3a 22 522 10 frac 4c 10

23 1 frac / 4 0.5 4c 1 / 2 0.25 0.04 frac 4c 4 / 10 0.4 0.14 24 8 jugs meas 3a 25 15 eggs frac 4c 26 (8, 3) geom 4c 27 10 735 num 3c Accept with or without space or comma. 28 958 or 938 num, PS 3a 29 (a) 9 flags, PS, PS 4b (b) 8 flags 4b 30 8575 4b PUMA 4 Autumn: Analysis of performance by category Category Number of National marks average mark National % Number 8 5.0 50 Operations 11 4.8 43 Fractions 7 2.2 32 Measures 5 2.4 48 Geometry 6 2.5 42 Statistics 3 1.5 49 Total 40 18.3 46 Problem solving 7 2.3 33 11

PUMA 5 Autumn answers and mark scheme Answer Category NC level 1 35 pebbles 2a 2 Any four rectangles shaded. frac 3 (a) 7 children (b) 22 children stat, PS stat, PS 2a 2a 4 2¾ and 1¼ frac 4b 5 Bottom right geom 3c mirror line 6 (a) 70 (b) Any one of 32, 33 or 34 num num 2a 3c 7 52 sweets, PS 3c 8 4.5cm 2 or 4½ cm 2 meas 4c 9 1.1 and 2.1 Both required. frac 3c num 10 All four correct. 456 192 758 902 89 0 to 200 201 to 400 401 to 600 601 to 800 over 800 11 3 / 8 frac 12 (a) 3.54 (b) 6.46 Accept follow through, i.e. if the answer to (a) and (b) add up to 10 (c) 8 meas meas, PS meas, PS 3a 4c 12

13 717 3a 14 (a) 764 (b) 647 or 627 15 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30 All required for the mark. Do not penalise incorrect ordering, the instruction is there to assist marking. 16 (a) 3 (b) 50 17 (a) 6 edges (b) 8 faces (c) 12 vertices 18 (a) 20 (b) 75 (c) can t tell num, PS num, PS geom, PS geom, PS geom stat stat stat 2a 3c 4b 3a 4c 3a 4a 4a 3c 3a 19 4336, PS 4a 20 (a) 60 (b) 90 (c) 40 frac frac frac 4a 5c 21 592 num 3a 22 5 cups meas 23 1 hr 40 min meas 4a 24 8 3 4 9 72 27 36 3 24 9 12 6 48 18 24 3a 8 or 9 for 2 marks; 6 or 7 correct for 1 mark. 25 1 mark for both nearest 100 i.e. 36 300 and 79 800 1 mark for both nearest 1000 i.e. 36 000 and 80 000 26 (a) 100 (b) 7500 num num 4b 4a 4b 4b 13

27 2 frac / 100 1 / 2 2 / 5 0.5 0.25 0.2 0.4 0.02 frac 5c 28 (a) A and C only (b) C and E only geom geom 4b 5c 29 23 and 29 only 4a 30 (a) 2 / 3 < 5 / 6 frac 4b (b) 3 / 4 > 8 frac 4b / 12 31 a = 3cm b = 7cm Both required. meas 5c 32 7656 5c PUMA 5 Autumn: Analysis of performance by category Category Number of National marks average mark National % Number 8 4.3 54 Operations 13 5.0 39 Fractions 11 4.0 36 Measures 7 2.3 33 Geometry 6 2.0 33 Statistics 5 3.1 63 Total 50 20.7 41 Problem solving 10 5.5 55 14

PUMA 6 Autumn answers and mark scheme Answer 1 1052 and 1152 Both required. 2 4¾ and 5¼ respectively Both required. 3 (a) 22 (b) 90 Category num frac, SP frac NC level 3c 3c 3c 4 Rectangle and both triangles ticked only geom 5 3.75 Accept 3.75p, 3-75, 3-75p. Do not accept 375 or 375p. 6 95km/h Accept 94-96 meas meas 3c 7 819 8 9 and 32 Both required. 15 and 45 Both required. 9, PS num 3c positioned closer to middle i.e. 2500, than 2000 or 3000 Accept arrows in the range 2250 and 2750 10 3/4, 0.52 and 55% only frac 3a 11 number of edges number of faces number of vertices geom geom 4c 4a cube 12 6 8 triangular prism square based pyramid 9 5 6 8 5 5 All correct for 2 marks; any 2 rows correct for 1 mark. 12 Only 164g and 159g ticked num 4c 15

13 12 9 7 3c 3a 8 96 72 56 11 132 99 77 6 72 54 42 7 or 8 correct for 2 marks; 5 or 6 correct for 1 mark. 14 22cm 15 (a) Range 85-86cm (b) Range 45-46 months (c) Range 2-3cm (d) Range 16.5-17.5cm stat stat, PS stat, PS stat, PS 3a 4b 4b 6c 16 12020 17 8 weeks 4b 18 (a) 3 / 10 frac 4c (b) 1 / 3 frac 5b 19 kilograms 5kg 2.4kg ½kg grams 5000g 2400g 500g meas meas 12.5kg or 12½ kg 12 500g All correct for 2 marks; 2 correct for 1 mark. 20 (a) 128, PS 4c (b) 30 people 4a 21 400 000 and 600 000 num 4c 22 Tom frac, PS 4b 23 253 4b 24 6 1 / 8, 6¼, 6½, 6 5 / 8, 6¾ frac 4a All required. 25 (a) 3000 (b) 60 num num 4c 3a 4c 26 1, 2, 3 and 6 only. Ignore the omission of 1 27 (a) 54cm 2 (b) 48cm meas meas 5b 5a 4a 16

28 Multiples of 7 are even Always Sometimes Never, PS 3a Prime numbers have exactly two factors, PS 6c Square numbers have an odd number of factors All correct for 2 marks; 2 correct for 1 mark. 29 590 frac 3a 1000 0.59 4a All correct for 2 marks; 2 correct for 1 mark. frac 30 Top vertex geom, PS 5b 31 16 frac 5c 32 28cm meas, PS 5b 33 (8, 10) geom, PS 5a 34 (a) 76300 (b) 88 508 Accept answer for part (b) if it is 12 208 greater than the answer for part (a). 35 999 940 num, PS 6c 5c 5a PUMA 6 Autumn: Analysis of performance by category Category Number of National marks average mark National % Number 7 3.8 54 Operations 17 8.7 51 Fractions 10 4.3 43 Measures 7 3.0 43 Geometry 5 1.7 34 Statistics 4 1.5 38 Total 50 23.0 46 Problem solving 13 5.8 32 17

4 Obtaining and interpreting test s Summative measures The results obtained from PUMA will enable you to report pupil performance in terms of: Age-standardised s (see Section 5) Mathematics ages (Table 4.2) National Curriculum sublevels (Table 4.3) APP level, subdivided as high, secure and low (Table 4.3) The PUMA Scale (Table 4.3). For a swift overview, you could compare how well a pupil has done by comparison to Table 4.1, which shows average s for each year group, by gender, for each PUMA test. You can also compare your own class average raw s against these averages. Table 4.1: Average test s by term and gender Autumn test Year Boys Girls Total 3 18.4 17.3 17.9 4 18.6 18.0 18.3 5 21.8 19.3 20.6 6 23.8 22.3 23.0 18

PUMA 3 Autumn raw Mathematics ages Many teachers use Mathematics ages as a quick reference: they shows the average chronological age of the pupils who obtained each particular raw (i.e. the chronological age at which this level of performance is typical). For more detailed comparative information, however, and especially for tracking progress over time, please refer to standardised s. Table 4.2: Mathematics ages for the Autumn term Mathematics age PUMA 4 Autumn raw Mathematics age PUMA 5 Autumn raw Mathematics age PUMA 6 Autumn raw Mathematics age 1 <7.0 1 <8:3 1 <9:0 1 <10:1 2 <7.0 2 <8:3 2 <9:0 2 <10:1 3 <7.0 3 <8:3 3 <9:0 3 <10:1 4 <7.0 4 <8:3 4 <9:0 4 <10:1 5 <7.0 5 <8:3 5 <9:0 5 <10:1 6 <7.0 6 <8:3 6 <9:0 6 <10:1 7 <7.0 7 <8:3 7 <9:0 7 <10:1 8 <7.0 8 <8:3 8 <9:0 8 <10:1 9 <7.0 9 <8:3 9 <9:0 9 <10:1 10 <7.0 10 <8:3 10 <9:0 10 <10:1 11 <7.0 11 <8:3 11 <9:0 11 <10:1 12 <7.0 12 <8:3 12 <9:0 12 <10:1 13 7:0 13 <8:3 13 <9:0 13 <10:1 14 7:2 14 <8:3 14 9:0 14 <10:1 15 7:4 15 8:3 15 9:1 15 <10:1 16 7:5 16 8:4 16 9:2 16 <10:1 17 7:7 17 8:7 17 9:4 17 <10:1 18 7:8 18 8:8 18 9:5 18 <10:1 19 7:10 19 8:9 19 9:7 19 <10:1 20 8:0 20 8:11 20 9:8 20 <10:1 21 8:1 21 9:1 21 9:10 21 10:1 22 8:3 22 9:2 22 9:11 22 10:3 23 8:4 23 9:4 23 10:0 23 10:5 24 8:6 24 9:6 24 10:2 24 10:8 25 8:7 25 9:7 25 10:3 25 10:11 26 8:9 26 9:9 26 10:4 26 11:1 27 8:11 27 9:11 27 10:6 27 11:4 28 9:0 28 10:1 28 10:7 28 11:7 29 9:2 29 10:2 29 10:9 29 11:9 30 >9:2 30 >10:2 30 10:10 30 12:0 31 >9:2 31 >10:2 31 11:0 31 12:2 32 >9:2 32 >10:2 32 11:1 32 12:5 33 >9:2 33 >10:2 33 11:3 33 >12:5 34 >9:2 34 >10:2 34 >11:3 34 >12:5 35 >9:2 35 >10:2 35 >11:3 35 >12:5 36 >9:2 36 >10:2 36 >11:3 36 >12:5 37 >9:2 37 >10:2 37 >11:3 37 >12:5 38 >9:2 38 >10:2 38 >11:3 38 >12:5 39 >9:2 39 >10:2 39 >11:3 39 >12:5 40 >9:2 40 >10:2 40 >11:3 40 >12:5 41 >11:3 41 >12:5 42 >11:3 42 >12:5 43 >11:3 43 >12:5 44 >11:3 44 >12:5 45 >11:3 45 >12:5 46 >11:3 46 >12:5 47 >11:3 47 >12:5 48 >11:3 48 >12:5 49 >11:3 49 >12:5 50 >11:3 50 >12:5 19

Reporting progress the PUMA Scale In developing the PUMA tests, seven cohorts of 1,000+ pupils (just over 8,000 pupils in total) were tracked termly over four terms. Relating this data together statistically through the PUMA Scale enables you to link pupil performance from term to term and year to year. It provides a firm basis on which to project future performance. Table 4.3 provides a complete set of reference data for reporting progress for each test in terms of the PUMA Scale (and, for reference, National Curriculum and APP levels and LA points s). Find the raw in the column for the test your pupils have taken, then read across to obtain the level information in the form you require. Table 4.3: Relating s to different scales Years 3 4 PUMA Scale PUMA 3 Autumn raw PUMA 4 Autumn raw NC sublevels APP range Points PUMA Scale 1.0 <5 <3 1c 1L 8 1.0 1.1 5 3 1c 1L 8 1.1 1.2 5 3 1c 1S 8 1.2 1.3 6 4 1b 1S 9 1.3 1.4 6 4 1b 1S 9 1.4 1.5 6 4 1b 1S 10 1.5 1.6 6 4 1b 1S 10 1.6 1.7 7 5 1a 1S 11 1.7 1.8 7 5 1a 1H 11 1.8 1.9 8 5 1a 1H 12 1.9 2.0 9 6 2c 2L 13 2.0 2.1 10 7 2c 2L 13 2.1 2.2 11 8 2c 2S 14 2.2 2.3 12 13 9 2b 2S 15 2.3 2.4 14 15 9 2b 2S 15 2.4 2.5 16 17 10 2b 2S 16 2.5 2.6 18 11 2b 2S 16 2.6 2.7 19 20 12 13 2a 2S 17 2.7 2.8 21 14 2a 2H 17 2.8 2.9 22 15 2a 2H 18 2.9 3.0 23 24 16 17 3c 3L 19 3.0 3.1 25 18 19 3c 3L 19 3.1 3.2 26 20 21 3c 3S 20 3.2 3.3 27 22 3S 21 3.3 3.4 27 22 3S 21 3.4 3.5 28 23 3S 22 3.5 3.6 29 23 3S 22 3.6 3.7 30 31 24 25 3a 3S 23 3.7 3.8 32 26 3a 3H 23 3.8 3.9 33 27 3a 3H 24 3.9 4.0 34 28 4c 4L 25 4.0 4.1 34 29 4c 4L 25 4.1 4.2 35 30 4c 4S 26 4.2 4.3 36 31 4b 4S 27 4.3 4.4 36 32 4b 4S 27 4.4 4.5 37 33 4b 4S 28 4.5 4.6 38 34 4b 4S 28 4.6 4.7 39 35 4a 4S 29 4.7 4.8 39 35 4a 4H 29 4.8 4.9 40 35 4a 4H 30 4.9 5.0 36 37 5c 5L 31 5.0 5.1 38 39 5c 5L 31 5.1 5.2 40 5c 5S 32 5.2 20

Years 5 6 PUMA Scale PUMA 5 Autumn raw PUMA 6 Autumn raw NC sublevels APP range Points PUMA Scale 1.0 <3 1c 1L 8 1.0 1.1 <3 1c 1L 8 1.1 1.2 <3 1c 1S 8 1.2 1.3 <3 1b 1S 9 1.3 1.4 <3 1b 1S 9 1.4 1.5 <3 1b 1S 10 1.5 1.6 <3 1b 1S 10 1.6 1.7 3 1a 1S 11 1.7 1.8 3 1a 1H 11 1.8 1.9 3 1a 1H 12 1.9 2.0 4 1 2c 2L 13 2.0 2.1 4 2 2c 2L 13 2.1 2.2 5 3 2c 2S 14 2.2 2.3 6 4 2b 2S 15 2.3 2.4 6 4 2b 2S 15 2.4 2.5 7 5 2b 2S 16 2.5 2.6 7 5 2b 2S 16 2.6 2.7 8 6 2a 2S 17 2.7 2.8 9 7 2a 2H 17 2.8 2.9 10 8 2a 2H 18 2.9 3.0 11 12 9 3c 3L 19 3.0 3.1 13 14 10 3c 3L 19 3.1 3.2 15 11 3c 3S 20 3.2 3.3 16 12 13 3S 21 3.3 3.4 17 14 3S 21 3.4 3.5 18 15 3S 22 3.5 3.6 19 16 3S 22 3.6 3.7 20 21 17 3a 3S 23 3.7 3.8 22 23 18 3a 3H 23 3.8 3.9 24 19 3a 3H 24 3.9 4.0 25 26 20 21 4c 4L 25 4.0 4.1 27 28 22 23 4c 4L 25 4.1 4.2 29 24 25 4c 4S 26 4.2 4.3 30 31 26 27 4b 4S 27 4.3 4.4 32 33 28 4b 4S 27 4.4 4.5 34 29 4b 4S 28 4.5 4.6 35 30 4b 4S 28 4.6 4.7 36 31 32 4a 4S 29 4.7 4.8 36 33 4a 4H 29 4.8 4.9 37 34 4a 4H 30 4.9 5.0 38 38 35 36 5c 5L 31 5.0 5.1 40 37 38 5c 5L 31 5.1 5.2 41 39 5c 5S 32 5.2 5.3 42 40 5b 5S 33 5.3 5.4 43 40 5b 5S 33 5.4 5.5 44 41 5b 5S 34 5.5 5.6 45 42 5b 5S 34 5.6 5.7 46 47 43 44 5a 5S 35 5.7 5.8 48 48 45 46 5a 5H 35 5.8 5.9 49 50 47 48 5a 5H 36 5.9 6.0 49 50 6c 6L 37 6.0 21

Predicting future performance The tests for each term cover a range of demand appropriate to the year and term. In Table 4.4 below you can see at a glance the PUMA Scale of a pupil in any term and track to the next column to find the anticipated PUMA Scale they will obtain, if they make average progress. As the tests are designed to challenge pupils around the level at which they are expected to be working, you may find that pupils get similar raw s from term to term across a year, but their level of performance will continue to increase, as shown in the PUMA Scale,. You may wish to set targets, to provide an opportunity to measure the value added over a term or year. This is possible for both individual pupils and whole classes, by reference to the average performance data of over 1,000 pupils in each year group, from term to term and across all the years, in the standardisation sample. Table 4.4 provides this information. Monitoring the difference between the actual PUMA Scale and the predicted average PUMA Scale enables you to see if able children increasingly diverge from predicted progress or weaker children begin to converge toward normal progress. [See Table 4.4 on the next page] 22

Table 4.4: Monitoring and predicting progress from Autumn to Spring terms Average PUMA 3 Autumn PUMA Scale Average PUMA 3 Spring PUMA Scale Average PUMA 4 Autumn PUMA Scale Average PUMA 4 Spring PUMA Scale Average PUMA 5 Autumn PUMA Scale Average PUMA 5 Spring PUMA Scale Average PUMA 6 Autumn PUMA Scale Average PUMA 6 Spring PUMA Scale 1.0 1.6 1.0 1.1 1.7 1.1 1.7 1.1 2.0 1.2 1.8 1.2 1.7 1.2 2.0 1.3 1.9 1.3 1.8 1.3 2.1 1.4 2.0 1.4 1.9 1.4 2.2 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.9 1.5 2.3 1.6 2.1 1.6 2.0 1.6 2.4 1.7 2.2 1.7 2.0 1.7 2.5 1.8 2.3 1.8 2.2 1.8 2.5 1.9 2.3 1.9 2.3 1.9 2.6 2.0 2.4 2.0 2.4 2.0 2.7 2.0 2.7 2.1 2.5 2.1 2.5 2.1 2.8 2.1 2.8 2.2 2.6 2.2 2.6 2.2 2.8 2.2 2.9 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.7 2.3 2.9 2.3 3.0 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.7 2.4 3.0 2.4 3.0 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.8 2.5 3.1 2.5 3.1 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.9 2.6 3.2 2.6 3.2 2.7 3.0 2.7 3.0 2.7 3.2 2.7 3.3 2.8 3.0 2.8 3.1 2.8 3.3 2.8 3.4 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.2 2.9 3.4 2.9 3.5 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.6 3.1 3.6 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.6 3.2 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.7 3.3 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.8 3.4 3.9 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.9 3.5 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.6 4.0 3.6 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7 4.0 3.7 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8 4.1 3.8 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.9 4.2 3.9 4.3 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.3 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.3 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.6 4.4 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.5 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.6 4.9 4.8 4.9 5.0 4.9 5.1 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.0 23

Raw 5 Standardised conversion tables Age-standardised s for PUMA 3 Autumn Age in years and months 7:00 7:1 7:2 7:3 7:4 7:5 7:6 7:7 7:8 7:9 7:10 7:11 8:00 8:01 8:02 8:03 8:04 8:05 8:06 8:07 8:08 8:09 8:10 8:11 9:00 9:01 9:02 1 2 72 69 3 77 75 73 70 Award < 69 for all s in this area 4 81 79 77 76 74 72 70 5 84 82 81 79 78 76 74 72 71 6 86 85 83 82 81 79 78 76 75 73 72 70 7 89 88 86 85 83 82 81 80 78 77 76 74 72 71 69 8 92 90 89 87 86 85 83 82 81 80 78 77 76 75 73 72 70 9 93 92 91 90 89 87 86 84 83 82 81 80 79 77 76 75 74 72 71 70 10 95 94 93 92 91 90 88 87 86 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 74 73 72 70 69 11 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 89 88 87 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 73 72 71 70 12 99 98 97 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 13 101 100 99 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 14 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 77 76 15 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 96 95 94 93 92 92 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 79 78 16 106 105 104 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 80 17 108 107 106 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 95 94 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 18 110 108 107 106 105 104 103 101 101 100 99 97 96 95 94 93 93 92 91 90 89 87 86 85 85 84 83 19 112 110 109 108 107 106 105 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 20 114 113 111 110 109 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 96 95 94 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 21 116 115 113 112 111 109 108 107 106 105 104 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 93 92 91 90 89 88 22 118 116 115 114 113 112 110 109 108 107 106 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 91 90 23 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 111 110 108 107 106 105 104 102 101 100 99 99 97 96 95 94 94 93 92 91 24 122 120 119 118 117 116 114 113 112 110 109 108 107 106 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 93 25 124 123 121 120 119 118 116 115 114 113 111 110 109 107 106 105 104 103 101 101 100 99 98 96 95 95 94 26 126 125 124 122 121 120 118 117 116 115 114 112 111 109 108 107 106 105 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 27 128 127 126 125 123 122 121 119 118 117 116 114 113 112 110 109 108 107 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 28 130 129 128 127 126 125 123 122 120 119 118 116 115 114 113 111 110 108 107 106 105 104 102 101 100 99 98 29 130 129 128 127 126 124 123 121 120 119 117 116 115 114 112 110 109 108 107 106 104 103 102 101 100 30 130 129 128 127 125 124 123 121 120 118 117 116 114 113 111 110 108 107 106 105 104 102 101 31 130 129 128 127 125 124 122 121 119 118 117 115 114 112 111 109 108 107 106 104 103 32 130 129 128 126 125 124 122 120 119 118 116 115 113 112 110 109 107 106 105 33 130 129 128 126 125 123 122 120 118 117 116 114 113 111 110 108 107 34 130 129 128 126 125 123 121 120 118 117 115 114 112 110 109 35 130 129 127 126 124 123 121 119 118 116 115 113 112 36 130 129 127 126 124 122 120 119 117 116 114 Award > 130 for all s in this 37 130 129 127 125 124 122 120 118 117 38 area 130 129 127 125 123 121 119 39 130 129 127 125 123 40 130 129 127 24

Age-standardised s for PUMA 4 Autumn Raw Age In years and months 8:3 8:4 8:5 8:6 8:7 8:8 8:9 8:10 8:11 9:0 9:1 902 9:3 9:4 9:5 9:6 9:7 9:8 9:9 9:10 9:11 10:0 10:1 10:2 1 2 70 3 73 72 70 Award < 69 for all s in this area 4 77 75 73 72 70 5 80 78 76 75 73 72 70 6 82 81 79 78 76 75 73 72 70 7 84 83 82 81 79 78 76 75 73 72 70 8 86 85 84 83 81 80 79 77 76 75 73 72 70 9 89 87 86 85 84 82 81 80 79 77 76 75 73 72 71 69 10 91 90 88 87 86 84 83 82 81 80 78 77 76 74 73 72 71 69 11 93 92 91 89 88 87 85 84 83 82 81 80 78 77 76 74 73 72 71 69 12 94 93 93 92 90 89 88 86 85 84 83 82 81 79 78 77 76 74 73 72 71 70 13 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 87 86 85 84 83 81 80 79 78 77 75 74 73 72 71 70 14 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 88 87 86 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 75 74 73 72 15 100 99 98 96 95 94 94 93 92 90 89 88 87 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 76 75 74 16 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 77 76 17 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 78 18 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 89 88 87 86 84 83 82 81 80 19 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 93 91 90 89 88 86 85 84 83 82 20 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 87 86 85 84 21 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 89 88 87 86 22 111 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 96 95 94 93 93 92 90 89 88 23 113 112 111 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 24 115 114 113 112 111 111 110 109 108 107 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 25 117 116 115 114 113 112 111 110 110 109 108 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 96 95 94 94 26 118 117 117 116 115 114 113 112 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 97 96 95 27 120 119 118 118 117 116 115 114 113 112 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 101 100 99 98 97 28 122 121 120 119 118 118 117 116 115 114 113 112 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 103 102 101 100 99 29 124 123 122 121 120 120 119 118 117 116 116 115 113 112 111 110 109 108 107 106 104 103 102 101 30 126 125 124 123 123 122 121 120 119 118 117 117 116 115 114 112 111 110 109 108 107 105 104 103 31 128 128 127 126 125 124 123 122 121 120 119 118 118 117 116 115 114 112 111 110 109 108 107 105 32 130 129 129 128 127 126 125 124 123 122 121 120 119 118 117 116 115 114 112 111 110 109 108 33 130 129 129 128 126 125 124 123 122 121 120 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 111 110 34 131 130 129 128 126 125 124 123 122 121 120 118 117 116 115 114 113 35 130 129 127 126 125 124 123 121 120 119 118 117 115 36 130 129 127 126 125 123 122 121 119 118 37 Award > 131 for all s in this area 130 129 127 126 124 123 121 38 130 129 127 125 39 131 40 25

Age-standardised s for PUMA 5 Autumn Raw Age in years and months 9:0 9:1 9:2 9:3 9:4 9:5 9:6 9:7 9:8 9:9 9:10 9:11 10:0 10:1 10:2 10:3 10:4 10:5 10:6 10:7 10:8 10:9 10:10 10:11 11:0 11:01 11:2 11:3 1 2 71 3 77 76 73 71 Award < 69 for all s in this area 4 80 79 78 76 75 73 71 70 5 83 82 81 79 78 77 76 75 73 72 70 6 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 73 72 70 7 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 77 76 75 73 72 71 69 8 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 76 75 73 72 71 70 9 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 78 77 76 76 75 73 72 71 70 10 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 79 78 77 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 11 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 85 84 83 82 81 81 80 79 78 78 77 76 76 75 74 73 72 12 97 96 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 88 87 86 85 85 84 83 82 81 81 80 79 79 78 77 77 76 76 75 13 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 87 86 85 85 84 83 82 82 81 80 80 79 78 78 77 77 14 100 99 98 97 96 94 93 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 87 86 85 85 84 83 82 82 81 81 80 79 79 78 15 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 89 88 87 86 86 85 85 84 83 83 82 81 81 80 80 16 102 101 100 99 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 88 87 86 86 85 85 84 83 83 82 81 81 17 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 92 91 90 89 88 88 87 86 86 85 85 84 83 83 82 18 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 90 89 88 88 87 86 86 85 85 84 83 19 106 105 105 104 102 101 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 93 92 91 90 89 89 88 87 87 86 86 85 85 20 107 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 91 90 89 89 88 87 87 86 86 21 108 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 94 93 92 91 90 90 89 88 88 87 87 22 110 109 108 107 106 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 92 91 90 90 89 88 88 23 112 110 109 108 107 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 94 93 92 91 91 90 89 89 24 113 112 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 104 102 101 101 100 99 98 98 97 96 95 94 93 93 92 91 90 90 25 114 113 113 111 110 109 108 107 106 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 99 98 97 96 96 95 94 93 92 92 91 [Table continues on next page] 26

[PUMA 5 Table cont.] Raw Age in years and months 9:0 9:1 9:2 9:3 9:4 9:5 9:6 9:7 9:8 9:9 9:10 9:11 10:0 10:1 10:2 10:3 10:4 10:5 10:6 10:7 10:8 10:9 10:10 10:11 11:0 11:01 11:2 11:3 26 116 115 114 113 112 111 109 108 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 101 100 99 98 98 97 96 95 94 93 93 92 27 117 116 115 114 113 112 111 110 109 108 107 106 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 99 98 97 97 96 95 94 93 28 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 111 110 109 108 107 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 100 99 98 98 97 96 95 94 29 121 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 112 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 104 102 102 101 100 99 99 98 97 97 96 30 123 121 120 119 118 116 115 114 113 112 111 110 109 108 107 106 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 100 99 98 98 97 31 125 123 122 121 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 112 110 109 108 107 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 101 100 99 99 98 32 127 125 124 123 121 120 119 117 116 115 114 113 112 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 105 104 103 102 101 100 100 99 33 129 128 126 125 123 122 121 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 111 110 109 108 107 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 101 100 34 130 129 127 126 124 123 121 120 118 117 116 115 114 113 112 111 109 108 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 102 101 35 130 128 126 125 123 122 120 119 118 117 115 114 113 112 111 110 109 108 107 106 106 105 104 103 102 36 131 129 127 126 124 123 121 120 118 117 116 115 114 113 112 110 109 108 107 107 106 105 104 103 37 130 128 127 125 123 122 120 119 118 116 115 114 113 112 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 105 38 129 128 126 124 123 121 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 111 110 109 108 107 106 106 39 130 128 127 125 123 122 120 119 118 116 115 114 113 112 110 109 108 107 107 40 129 128 126 124 123 121 119 118 117 116 114 113 112 111 110 109 108 41 131 129 127 125 123 122 120 119 117 116 115 114 113 112 110 109 42 130 128 126 124 123 121 119 118 117 115 114 113 112 111 43 129 127 125 123 122 120 118 117 116 115 114 113 44 130 128 126 124 122 121 119 118 116 115 114 45 129 127 125 123 122 120 118 117 116 46 130 128 126 124 122 121 119 118 47 Award > 131 for all s in this area 130 127 125 123 122 120 48 129 126 124 122 49 130 128 125 50 129 27

Age-standardised s for PUMA 6 Autumn Raw 1 2 3 Age in years and months 10:1 10:2 10:3 10:4 10:5 10:6 10:7 10:8 10:9 10:10 10:11 11:0 11:1 11:2 11:3 11:4 11:5 11:6 11:7 11:8 11:9 11:10 11:11 12:0 12:1 12:2 Award < 70 for all s in this area 4 5 72 70 6 76 75 73 71 7 79 78 77 76 74 72 70 8 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 73 71 9 83 82 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 72 70 10 85 84 84 83 82 81 80 80 79 78 77 76 74 71 11 86 86 85 85 84 83 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 72 70 12 87 87 86 86 86 85 85 84 83 82 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 74 71 13 88 88 88 87 87 86 86 85 85 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 72 70 14 90 89 89 88 88 88 87 87 86 86 85 85 84 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 74 71 15 91 90 90 89 89 89 88 88 87 87 87 86 86 85 85 84 83 82 82 81 80 79 78 76 75 73 16 92 92 91 91 90 90 89 89 89 88 88 87 87 86 86 86 85 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 17 94 93 93 92 92 91 91 90 90 89 89 88 88 88 87 87 86 86 85 85 84 84 83 82 81 80 18 95 95 94 94 93 93 92 92 91 91 90 90 89 89 88 88 88 87 87 86 86 85 85 84 83 82 19 96 96 95 95 95 94 94 93 93 92 91 91 90 90 90 89 89 88 88 87 87 87 86 86 85 85 20 98 97 97 96 96 95 95 95 94 94 93 92 92 91 91 90 90 89 89 89 88 88 87 87 86 86 21 100 99 98 98 97 96 96 96 95 95 95 94 94 93 92 92 91 91 90 90 89 89 89 88 88 87 22 102 101 100 100 99 98 97 97 96 96 95 95 95 94 94 93 93 92 92 91 91 90 90 89 89 88 23 103 103 102 101 101 100 99 98 98 97 97 96 96 95 95 95 94 94 93 93 92 92 91 91 90 90 24 105 104 104 103 102 102 101 101 100 99 98 98 97 96 96 96 95 95 95 94 94 93 92 92 91 91 25 107 106 105 105 104 103 103 102 101 101 100 100 99 98 97 97 96 96 96 95 95 95 94 94 93 92 [Table continues on next page] 28

[PUMA 6 Table cont.] Raw Age in years and months 10:1 10:2 10:3 10:4 10:5 10:6 10:7 10:8 10:9 10:10 10:11 11:0 11:1 11:2 11:3 11:4 11:5 11:6 11:7 11:8 11:9 11:10 11:11 12:0 12:1 12:2 26 108 108 107 106 105 105 104 104 103 102 102 101 101 100 99 98 98 97 97 96 96 95 95 95 94 94 27 109 109 109 108 107 106 106 105 105 104 103 103 102 101 101 100 100 99 98 98 97 96 96 96 95 95 28 110 110 109 109 109 108 108 107 106 105 105 104 104 103 102 102 101 101 100 99 99 98 97 97 96 96 29 111 111 110 110 109 109 109 108 108 107 106 105 105 104 104 103 103 102 102 101 100 100 99 98 98 97 30 113 112 111 111 110 110 110 109 109 108 108 107 106 106 105 105 104 104 103 102 102 101 101 100 100 99 31 115 114 112 112 111 111 110 110 110 109 109 108 108 108 107 106 105 105 104 104 103 103 102 102 101 101 32 117 116 115 113 112 112 111 111 110 110 110 109 109 109 108 108 107 106 106 105 105 104 104 103 102 102 33 119 118 117 116 114 113 112 112 111 111 110 110 110 109 109 109 108 108 107 106 106 105 105 104 104 103 34 123 121 119 118 116 115 114 113 112 112 111 111 110 110 110 109 109 109 108 108 108 107 106 105 105 104 35 127 124 122 120 118 117 116 115 114 113 112 112 111 111 110 110 110 109 109 109 108 108 108 107 106 106 36 130 124 122 121 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 112 112 111 111 110 110 110 109 109 109 109 108 108 107 37 126 123 122 120 119 118 117 116 114 113 113 112 112 111 111 111 110 110 109 109 109 109 108 38 128 124 122 121 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 112 112 112 111 111 111 110 110 110 109 109 39 130 125 123 122 120 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 112 112 112 111 111 111 110 110 110 40 127 124 122 121 120 118 118 117 116 115 114 113 112 112 112 111 111 111 110 41 129 125 123 122 120 119 118 117 116 116 115 114 113 112 112 112 111 111 42 130 126 124 122 121 120 119 118 117 116 115 114 114 113 112 112 112 43 128 124 123 122 120 119 118 117 117 116 115 114 113 113 112 44 129 126 124 122 121 120 119 118 117 116 116 115 114 113 45 131 127 124 123 122 121 119 119 118 117 116 116 115 46 128 125 124 122 121 120 119 118 117 117 116 47 Award > 131 for all s in this area 130 126 124 123 122 121 120 119 118 117 48 128 125 123 122 121 120 119 118 49 129 126 124 123 122 121 120 50 130 127 124 123 122 121 29