Reforming of natural fuels to hydrogen (H 2 ): on demand, no storage required 1
Introduction Adventure AD a newly emerging company is situated in Sofia, Bulgaria. The company, manufactures an innovative formulation of environmental catalysts, the result of more than 18 years of research and experimental work. Adventures AD owns two patented models of systems for generating of H 2 fuel (H 2 GS) from diesel, gasoline, methanol, ethanol and natural gas. Adventure AD production facilities are well equipped for the manufacture of catalytic coated ceramic and metal monoliths, a modern chemical laboratory for quality control of the production, and highly qualified engineering personal. In 2012, the Company obtained a ISO 9001 certificate. 2
Products and Technologies There are several types of catalysts and systems which are proprietary to the Company: Catalysts for emission control Gasoline ICE: TWC,OC Diesel ICE: CDPF, SCR, DOC Catalysts for reforming Gasoline Diesel Natural gas Methanol Ethanol Catalysts for purification of H 2 fuel Selox Generators of H 2 fuel Gasoline reformer (GR) Diesel reformer (DR) Natural gas reformer (NGR) Methanol reformer (MeR) The Company s catalysts are novel nanoparticles composition of noble and base metals oxides combined with rear earth oxides. The catalysts for abatement of toxic exhaust emissions from ICE have low light off temperature and incorporates NOx trap. 3
Two major objectives behind the concept of Adventure s technology for reforming natural fuels to hydrogen on demand and without need for H 2 storage, for fueling ICE and FC. The first one was reduction of fuel consumption by the ICE and thus achieving: Economical benefits Reducing of CO 2 emission 4
In the first objective the differences of various fuels were taken in consideration: the energy efficiency of natural fuels the volume of air necessary for the combustion process the carbon print of each fuel the high energy efficiency of H 2 and lack of carbon print 5
Table 1 Fuel Intrinsic Heat energy (kj) Volume air for combustion process (m 3 ) Carbon print Butane 120 000 kj/ m 3 31.0 m 3 / m 3 C 4 Propane 90 000 kj/ m 3 23.8 m 3 / m 3 C 3 Gasoline 44 000 kj/ kg 11.8 m 3 / kg C 7 C 12 Natural gas 36 000 kj/ m 3 9.52 m 3 / m 3 C 1 Ethyl alcohol 27 750 kj/ kg 7.05 m 3 / kg C 2 Methyl alcohol 22 200 kj/ kg 5.02 m 3 / kg C 1 Hydrogen 10 800 kj/ m 3 0.52 m 3 / m 3 6
However, the heat energy released of the air/fuel mixture differs from the intrinsic heat energy of the fuel itself. 7
Table 2 Heat energy Fuel air/fuel mix kj / m 3 Hydrogen 10 930 Methyl alcohol 4 400 Ethyl alcohol 4 270 Gasoline 3 720 Butane 3 650 Propane 3 500 Natural gas 3 400 8
The second reason for developing Adventure s technology for H 2 on demand was to remove the obstacles of fueling FC because: Lack of infrastructure for H 2 distribution Presently H 2 is stored under high pressure which rises safety issues H 2 storage is a problem 9
Adventure AD has developed a proprietary high efficient technology for reforming natural fuels and alcohols to hydrogen (H 2 ) The efficiency of the technology is based on the novel formulation of catalysts, manufactured by the company, as depicted in the four graphics: 10
The Company manufacture also proprietary catalyst for purification of H 2 fuel from CO impurities 11
Adventure has designed and developed two H 2 GS systems (patented) for generation of hydrogen, on demand, for stationary FC and ICE engines System for fueling of ICE System for fueling of FC with incorporated CO purifier The H 2 GS can be utilized for vehicles (on board H 2 generation) 12
The H 2 GS systems are adaptable to various fuels: Gasoline Diesel Methanol & ethanol Natural gas 13
Adventure s patented system for Hydrogen Fueled Internal Combustion Engine (H 2 ICE) 14
Efficiency of Adventure H 2 GS: H 2 GS GR for reforming of gasoline: > 88% H 2 GS DR for reforming of diesel: > 88% H 2 GS MeR for reforming of methanol: > 93% 15
Adventure patented model of Reformer and Purifier for fuel cell (FC) 16
The H 2 GS reforming system for FC consists of two units Reformer for: Methanol conversion > 93% Gasoline conversion > 88% Purifier: CO reduction < 15ppm 17
Adventure testing facilities for H 2 GS 18
Data obtained from test work with Adventure s H 2 GS models For stationary engines Table 3 Type of H 2 GS Fuel H 2 (%) Concentration obtained theoretical GR Gasoline 33.8* 28.2 DR Diesel 26.8 26.5 MeR Methanol 38.1 40 *additional H 2 from the steam 19
Adventure H 2 GS GR with engine Nissan 1.2 l System tested for 12 months Up to 20% fuel saving Up to 30% reduction of green gas emissions (CO 2 ) Very low toxic emissions from the ICE engine (without catalysts): NOx less than 5ppm CO less than 0.15% No particulate matters (PM) Due to the very low amount of NOx in the exhaust emissions SCR catalyst and AdBleu system for NOx abatement are not required Reconstruction of conventional engines is not necessary No changes in the engine details during the use of Adventure s reforming systems 2020
Adventures H 2 GS GR Comparison of emissions from Nissan 1.2 l with reformate and with gasoline without catalyst 14.1% 172 ppm168 ppm 10.4% 96ppm 0.86% 0.13% 3 ppm CO CO2 HC NOx CO CO2 HC NOx ICE Reformer ICE Gasoline 21
Adventure H 2 GS GR Comparison of fuel consumption with engine Nissan 1.2 l 2800 2600 2400 2200 Fuel consumption vs revolution ICE rpm 2000 1800 1600 ICE gasoline ICE reformate 1400 1200 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 Fuel l/h 22
Adventure s Gasoline Reformer Series (H 2 GS GR) Table 4 H 2 GS GR series GR5 GR10 GR15 GR20 Support ICE 5 kw 10 kw 15 kw 20 kw Fuel consumption 1.0 l / h 1.5 l / h 2.0 l / h 2.5 l / h Size (Ø x l) mm 180 x 560 180 x 635 240 x 710 240 x 710 Weight (kg) 30 33 40 43 23
Adventure s Methanol Reformer Series (H 2 GS MeR) Table 5 H 2 GS MeR series MeR5 MeR10 MeR20 Support Fuel Cell 5 kw 10 kw 20 kw Product (H 2 ) output 65 l / min 130 l / min 260 l / min Fuel consumption 60 ml / min 120 ml / min 240 ml / min Size (Ø x l) mm 180 x 560 180 x 635 240 x 710 Weight (kg) 30 40 43 24
Thank you for the attention 25