PRATIE TEST: LASSIFIATION OF MATTER Please do not write on this paper. 1. The following data was collected by students in lab. Element Appearance Results of rushing onductivity X dull, yellow powder brittle no Y very shiny, gray malleable yes Z shiny, silver/gray malleable yes lassify the three elements based on the data above. A B X is a metal, Y is a nonmetal, Z is a metal X is a metal, Y is a nonmetal, Z is a nonmetal X is a nonmetal, Y is a nonmetal, Z is a metal X is a nonmetal, Y is a metal, Z is a metal So I need to determine figure out whether each element is a metal on nonmetal. To do this I need to remember the properties of metals and non-metals. I know metals are malleable and conduct electricity. They are also shiny. So Y and Z are metals. X is a nonmetal. Therefore is the best answer. 2. How would you classify an element that is brittle, does not react with acid, and conducts electricity? A metal B nonmetal metalloid nonmetalloid At first this seems like a non-metal since it is brittle and doesn t react with acid. But that doesn t work because the element conducts electricity. Since the element has properties of both metals and non-metals it should be classified as a metalloid. 1 3. Based on the periodic table above, what do the numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent? A metal, metal, nonmetal, metalloid
B metal, metal, metalloid, nonmetal nonmetal, nonmetal, metal, metalloid nonmetal, metal, metalloid, metal To answer this you have to know that metals are on the left-hand side of the Periodic Table (you already know that elements like u, Fe, Au are metals and can find them on the left of the P-Table). Non-metals are on the right (with the exception of Hydrogen it s a non-metal but the left of the table). The metalloids are in-between. Therefore B is the best answer. 4. A student is given several mixtures to test and classify. The results are provided in the table below. Sample A Shake ontainer/wait 5 min After waiting 5 minutes the particles in the mixture have fallen to the bottom of the container. Shine Light Light does not easily pass through the mixture. Sample B No difference after shaking. Light passes through the liquid. Sample No difference after shaking. Light spreads out and is visible in the liquid. Some passes though. Based on the data above, what are the mixtures? A solution, suspension, colloid B solution, colloid, suspension colloid, solution, suspension suspension, solution, colloid 5. Brass is made up of a mixture of copper and zinc and is often used to make musical instruments because of its acoustic properties. Which of the following is a term for a mixture of two or more metals? A alloy B compound colloid homogenous mixture 6. Which of the following can be used to separate salt crystals from a solution of saltwater? A filtering the solution through a paper filter B adding more water to the solution freezing the solution very quickly using heat to evaporate the water 7. Which of the following best describes a compound?
A B can be easily separated into its elements in the lab has a variable composition consists of more than one type of atom chemically bonded can consist only of liquids 8. hoose the best description for a mixture of salt and water. A homogenous mixture B heterogeneous mixture compound pure substance 9. Air is a mixture of nitrogen (about 78%), oxygen (about 21%), argon (about 1%), and carbon dioxide (about 0.03%). Which of the choices below best describes air? A pure substance B homogenous mixture heterogeneous mixture compound 10. A drop of a clear liquid is placed on a microscope slide and allowed to evaporate. Viewing the slide under a microscope white crystals are visible. What term describes the liquid? A a pure substance B a solution an element an alloy 11. Which of the following is a process representing a physical change? A evaporation of water B formation of H 2 O from H 2 + O 2 the reaction between u + S formation of a precipitate 12. A student drops 5 grams of a solid substance in a test-tube filled with a clear liquid. Bubbles begin to from immediately. After several minutes the solid has disappeared and a black substance can now be seen at the bottom of the test-tube. Based on the information provided, what has taken place in the test-tube? A the water has become warmer B the water has become colder a physical change has taken place a chemical change has taken place 13. Select the response that lists only physical changes. A photosynthesis, burning paper, digesting food B grinding chalk, burning paper, boiling water grinding chalk, melting ice, breaking glass melting plastic, lighting a match, hair growing
14. Small pieces of cork and sand are mixed together in a beaker. What physical property would allow you to easily separate them? A solubility B density/buoyancy boiling point melting point 15. Students are using heat, chemicals and glassware in a laboratory experiment. Which of these is the best method of eye protection? A safety goggles B contact lenses prescription glasses eye protection is not needed. 16. A student cuts their hand during an experiment. What should they do immediately? A tell the teacher B go to the health room for treatment. continue with the experiment to prevent loss of data record the injury in their lab notebook if it affected data collection Brief onstructed Responses 1. A student plans to conduct an inquiry project that involves the use of hydrochloric acid, a corrosive substance. escribe the steps the student should take before, during, and after the investigation. (HS 1.3.2 and HS 1.3.3) Prior to beginning the investigation the student should discuss the inquiry project with the teacher and obtain approval for the inquiry project. This includes researching the risks and safety precautions necessary for using hydrochloric acid. The student should also make sure that they have a clean and uncluttered space to do their work. uring the lab the student should wear goggles and an apron at all times. Gloves could also be used to protect the hands. If the student has long hair, they should tie it back and make sure that they are not wearing open-toed shoes. If an accident occurs, the student should notify the teacher immediately. After the experiment the work area should be free of any chemicals or spills. Goggles and aprons should be worn until the experiment is complete and all of the chemicals are safely put away. 2. escribe how you would separate a mixture of water, sand, sugar, and marbles based on their physical properties. In your description be sure to include: any laboratory equipment you would use the steps you would take to separate the mixture.
a flowchart giving an overview of the process (HS1.2.5 and HS4.2.3.A) Separating the mixture of water, sand, sugar, and marbles would be accomplished based on the differences in physical properties of the different components of the mixture. The first step would be to use filter paper to separate the sand and marbles from the mixture. Pour the mixture though a funnel lined with filter paper into a beaker. Because sugar is soluble in water the water and sugar would pass though the through the filter paper. The sand and marbles are too large and would be stopped by the filter paper. You would now have two different mixtures, one made up of sugar and water and the other of sand and marbles. Since the marbles are much larger than the sand they could easily be removed by hand and placed in two separate beakers. To separate the sugar and water, you could heat the solution and evaporate the water. The sugar would be left in the beaker. Alternatively distillation could be use if the water was to be collected. Flowchart of Process detailing steps. 3. ompare and contrast physical and chemical changes. Give a real-world example of each and explain your reasoning why it is either chemical or physical. (HS4.4.2.A and HS1.5.7) There are two major types of change, chemical and physical. hemical changes result in the formation of a new substance and are not easily reversed. In a chemical change the atoms are rearranged into new combinations. Physical changes do not result in the formation of a new substance and are easier to reverse. An example of a chemical change is burning paper. In burning, oxygen and paper react to form new substances. The gases given off are different from the starting materials and cannot easily be changed back into paper and oxygen. An example of a physical change is water freezing. When water freezes, the atoms are not rearranged and no new substance are formed. In addition, it is easy to change the ice back to water by applying heat.