49 2 2006 3 CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS Vol. 49, No. 2 Mar., 2006,,.,2006,49 (2) : 391 397 Jiang H, Cheng G D, Wang K L. Analyzing and measuring the surface temperature of Qinghai2Tibet Plateau Chinese J. Chinese),2006,49 (2) : 391 397 Geophys. ( in,,, 730000 0 cm,.,, :, 4, - 2 ;, 16, - 3.,,.,,,,,, 0001-5733(2006)02-0391 - 07 P423 2005-05 - 20, 2005-09 - 20 Analyzing and measuring the surface temperature of Qinghai2Tibet Plateau J IANG Hao, CHENG Guo2Dong, WANG Ke2Li Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China Abstract For Qinghai2Tibet Plateau 0 cm temperatures are measured by mercury thermometer at weather stations. Also they can be obtained by upward and downward long2wave radiation and the differences between both temperatures are analyzed in this paper. The results show that, because the limitation of the measure method used mercury thermometer on the weather station observation field, there is an measuring error for the surface temperature measured by this method. On the bare surface, the difference in day can be over 4 in the summer, and the negative difference at night can be about - 2. On the dense vegetation surface, the highest difference in day can be over 16, and the negative difference at night can be about - 3. Because the differences are discrete and non2proportional, the representation of the surface temperature measured by mercury thermometer is very bad even make the average or integral process. With the more high accuracy and reliability are requested, it is important and necessary to popularize the surface temperature measure method based on the surface radiation. Keywords Qinghai2Tibet Plateau, Surface temperature, Mercury thermometer temperature, Radiation temperature, Surface temperature measure method ( KZCX12SW204) (40471005).,,1953,, -. E2mail : jiangh @lzb. ac. cn
392 (Chinese J. Geophys. ) 49 1 -., - [1 4 ]. :,. ( ) ( ),,.,,,. -,,, 1982 8 1983 7,. 2,, : R u = T 4 g + (1 - ) R d, (1) R u,, stefan2boltzmann, T g, R d. (1) T g = R u - (1 - ) R d 1 4. (2) (2),, = 1,, [ 5 ], 20, 0105 1. 0192 0198,, 0195. (2) :, 0,., [6 ],,, ;,,.,,. 1982 1983 ; 0cm ( ). 10, 00 : 00 04 : 00 06 : 00 08 : 00 10 : 00 12 : 00 14 :00 16 :00 18 :00 20 :00, 1982 8 1983 7, 4. 3 1 1,4,7,10. 1, : ( 1a),, ; ( 1b 1c), ; ( 1d),,. 1,
2 : 393 1 (a), (b), (c) (d) ( T 0 ) ( T g ) Fig. 1 Distribution of correlation between surface mercury thermometer temperature ( T 0 ) and surface radiation temperature ( T g ) at Gerze (a), Garze (b), Lhasa (c) and Nagqu (d) on the Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau. 1 1 4 Table 1 Correlation ratio of surface mercury thermometer temperature and surface radiation temperature 1 4 7 10 1105 1114 1122 1110 1107 1122 1121 1172 1124 1123 1102 1112 1172 1173 1126 0197 0175 0177 1108 0194 311,,,. 1a,, 1, 1 1. ( ),,,,, ;,, 1 1122.,,,., 312,
394 (Chinese J. Geophys. ) 49,,,, 3,,,, ( 1b). ( ),, ;,.,,,. 1, 20 %, 70 %.,, ;,,,. 313,,,, 30cm,. ( 1c), 1, 1 1105 ; ( ) ; ( ),. 1 70 %,, 1173.,, 314,, ( 1d),,. ( ),,, 1 1.,,,.,, 1 1,.,,, 1-20 %,,,.,,, 5 %, 20 %.,, 70 %, 20 %. 4 2 4., :,,,.,,,,. 3 4 ( 3a),,,, 4 ;,, - 2. ( 3b),, 6, 11., - 3. ( 3c),,,, 13.,,
2 : 395 1 Jan., 4 Apr., 7 Jul., g 10 Oct.,,,. Hollow symbol as surface mercury thermometer temperature, solid symbol as surface radiation temperature, Unit :. 2 (a), (b), (c) (d) ( T 0 ) ( T g ) Fig. 2 Diurnal variation of surface mercury thermometer temperature ( T 0 ) and surface radiation temperature ( T g ) at Gerze (a), Garze (b), Lhasa (c) and Nagqu (d) on the Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau 16., - 3. ( 3d),,.,, 3. - 1..,,,,,,., 4, - 2., 16, - 3. 5,. 2 4 1,4,7,10, 2,,.,.,.,,,
396 (Chinese J. Geophys. ) 49 1 Jan., 4 Apr., 7 Jul., 10 Oct., 3 (a), (b), (c) (d) ( T e ) Fig. 3 Diurnal variation of difference ( T e ) between surface mercury thermometer temperature and surface radiation temperature at Gerze (a), Garze (b), Lhasa (c) and Nagqu (d) on the Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau,,,,.,, 10,,,. 6 (1) 2 4 ( ) Table 2 Mean discrepance, daily amount discrepance and root2mean2square error of surface mercury thermometer temperature relative to surface radiation temperature (Unit : ) 1 4 7 10 017 110 114 016 014 217 016 019 310 015 012 215 010 011 216 117 118 317 317 510 810 111 110 314 110 116 216 119 116 213 419 717 1116 413 611 1115-014 - 015 111 117 210 314-114 - 315 416 111 117 214
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