Old Genes can be Stylish; Test Yours Today!

July 2015 And Others?

Now for an Historical Perspective Y-DNA mtdna atdna X-DNA

Let Us Go Far Back In Time Back to the days before Genetic DNA Testing Back to another millennium long ago Back, back to the beginning

In the beginning there was

In the Beginning, There was Bennett Greenspan

Yes, in the beginning there was Bennett Greenspan Founder of FamilyTreeDNA.com in the year 2000. Bennett started doing genealogy in 1999 while unemployed. His wife thought it would keep him out of the kitchen. He found a possible cousin in Argentina, but Bennett couldn t prove the relationship. The University of Arizona helped him do DNA testing. Realizing the potential demand, he started FTDNA.

The Pioneer in DNA Testing for Genealogical Research

The FTDNA Pitch

FamilyTreeDNA Testing Kit Buccal DNA (cheek swab) DNA collection kit

FTDNA Sample Collection Buccal swab DNA sample collection method

FTDNA Test Kit Instructions

The Four Types of DNA

How Does DNA Fit into Genealogy? Great Grandpa Great Grandma Great Grandpa Great Grandma Great Grandpa Great Grandma Great Grandpa Great Grandma Grandpa Grandma Grandpa Grandma Dad Mom Me

How The Four Types of DNA are Passed From Parent to Child Nuclear Y-DNA - patrilineal line, passed from father to son. X-DNA passed from father to daughter, and from mother to both sons and daughters. atdna (Autosomal DNA) - The other 22 pairs of non sex-linked chromosomes, inherited by everyone from both parents, half from each. Extra Nuclear mtdna (Mitochondrial DNA) Passed from mother to both sons and daughters.

Family Tree DNA Tests for Males

FTDNA Y-DNA Tests

FTDNA Y-DNA Tests The BIG Y

SNP Tests Individual SNP tests are @$39. SNP Kits, for Haplogroups G and R were offered in early 2015 @$129. The first Gs to order received a discounted price of $99. They were time consuming and FTDNA had trouble keeping up with demand. They stopped taking orders until a time when they could complete the orders in a more timely manner.

Family Tree DNA Tests for Both Males and Females

FTDNA mtdna Tests

FTDNA atdna Tests Autosomal

Family Tree DNA Combo Tests

FTDNA Comprehensive Genome DNA Test for Males

FTDNA Comprehensive Genome DNA Test for Males - Upgrade My cost only $288 Upgrade price for existing customers will be less. For example, since I have Family Finder and 37 marker Y, my cost for this would be only $288. Other upgrades have been reduced also.

Transfer DNA Tests to FTDNA

Transfer Test Results for FREE? Family Tree DNA is now accepting, in fact encouraging, data transfers from both 23andMe (V3 chip only) and Ancestry.com at no charge to the consumer. However, there is a limit to the functionality of the Family Finder interface for users of the free offer.

What s the Catch?* *For free, your top 20 matches will be visible to you. *In order to contact those matches or unlock the rest of the Family Finder functionality and tools at Family Tree DNA, you ll have to pay $39 or recruit 4 additional people to upload their files, whether they pay to join or not. *Compared to retesting at $99 or the previous transfer price of $69, this is a great value for those people who have tested with AncestryDNA or 23andMe.

Transfer DNA Tests to FTDNA

One Size Fits All Approach

AncestryDNA Introduced in 2012

AncestryDNA Autosomal testing only. No Y-DNA or mtdna. No DNA segment data discussed or even acknowledged. Upload to GEDMatch required to glean DNA segment data. A new concept called Ancestry Circles, an amorphous concept based on a readily recognizable shape, apparently meant to divert attention to the lack of segment information.

Regular Ancestry DNA Price $99

Sale Ancestry DNA Price $79

Amazon Prime $79

23andMe Testing can cover areas of interest such as adoption, deep ancestry, ethnicity, genealogy, and health

Google Co-founder Sergey Brin and his then wife Anne Wojcicki attend the 23andMe Spit Party This event to promote the launch of 23andMe took place at the IAC Building on September 9, 2008 in New York City. Anne Wojcicki is the CEO of 23andMe. Her sister, Susan, heads YouTube. Sergey Brin is a primary investor in 23andMe. Sergey Brin and Anne Wojcicki were divorced in May 2015.

Sample 23andMe DNA Collection Spit Kits 23andMe uses the saliva collection method to obtain DNA samples

23andMe Lab Video

23andMe Has Changed

23andMe Difference

See Yourself Differently

Carrier Status Reports

Ancestry Reports

Wellness Reports

Trait Reports

Research

2013 James R. Lannin, Jr. Laboratory Analysis performed by

Geno 2.0: Next Generation Reveals New Details of Your Ancient Ancestry Geno 2.0: Next Generation (Geno NextGen) is the next phase of the Genographic Project, National Geographic s pioneering effort to decode the story of individuals deep ancestry hidden within their DNA. Geno NextGen builds on the success of Geno 2.0 by growing the analytical capabilities of the test and enhancing the participant Geno 2.0 experience.

Here are the new and enhanced features of Geno NextGen: They are including thousands of new Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA mutations This allows for the highest resolution in maternal and paternal haplogroup (family clan) assignment, shy of genome or chromosomal sequencing. The new mutations will allow for dozens of new haplogroup stories.

More Features Regional affiliations will now be estimated from eighteen populations. By analyzing more than 700,000 mutational markers across the entire human genome an increase from the 150,000 used in Geno 2.0 researchers can now estimate the geographical components of your DNA from double the number of regional affiliations and then compare these results to more than 50 reference populations. Participants can learn if they are similar to people from Ireland, Germany, Lebanon, or maybe all of the above.

The Genographic Project s Commitment to Participants We are recalculating the Neanderthal DNA percentage with higher precision. In the last three years, we have learned much more about who Neanderthals were and how they interacted with our ancestors, and we are incorporating what we learned into the new experience with a recalculation of participant s Neanderthal DNA. Next Gen participants looking for genealogical matches can now easily transfer results to our laboratory partners at Family Tree DNA and search for relatives across their large database. As a continued promise to all participants, the Genographic Project will not test for or report on any medical markers and will never sell DNA results. To learn more about the Genographic Project or how to get a Geno NextGen kit visit us at www.genographic.com.

Genographic Discoveries

Genographic Project DNA Collection Kit A project of the National Genographic Society, The Genographic project is directed by Spencer Wells, PhD. Dr. Wells, who received his PhD from Harvard, is both a geneticist and an anthropologist. He serves on the Advisory Board of FamilyTreeDNA.com, where the Geno 2.0 test kits are processed.

Beyond Genealogy Video with Spencer Wells, PhD

The Big Four A Summary Family Tree DNA Ancestry DNA DNA Testing Vendors Genographic Project 23andMe

Available Tests by Vendor Vendor Autosomal Y-DNA Y-SNPs mtdna X-DNA Advanced FTDNA AncestryDNA Genographic 23andMe The Genographic Project only offers the Geno 2.0 Test. They provide refined Haplogroup information to in their report, Y-DNA for males and mtdna for females and males. X-DNA Testing is done as part of the autosomal Test at Family Tree DNA and 23andMe. It can be seen on their sites as a match criterion. Ancestry DNA does not release any segment matching information on their site. Their customers must download their raw data and then upload it to GEDmatch to match by segment.

Price of Available Tests by Vendor Vendor Autosomal Y-DNA Y-SNPs mtdna X-DNA Advanced FTDNA $99.00 Family Finder $169+ @$39 or SNP Kits $199 Full Seq. In Family Finder price varies by test AncestryDNA Sale $79.00 N/A N/A N/A Incl. N/A Genographic Sale $149.95 N/A Hap Incl Hap Incl N/A N/A 23andMe $199.00 N/A N/A N/A Incl. Health

What do you want to learn? Are your goals narrow or broad?

Sex-linked DNA Tests Y-DNA tests trace a narrow band of direct paternal line ancestors and their direct line male descendants. Mitochondrial (mtdna ) tests trace a narrow band of direct maternal line ancestors and their direct line female descendants. Close matches using these methods may have a most recent common ancestor (MRCA) within a range of a thousand years or more.

Autosomal DNA Testing atdna (autosomal) is the non-sex-linked DNA. You have atdna in common with all of your immediate relatives, generally all of your close relatives, and most of your distant relatives, though this diminishes with increased genealogical distance. X-DNA (sex-linked) testing is done together with atdna testing.

Finding More Cousins In general, one will find many more cousins, of varying genetic distances, using atdna testing. These matches potentially come from all parts of your genetically related family. They are much more representative of your total genome than those found in sex-linked DNA testing.

DNA Segment Comparison Testing Company FamilyTreeDNA AncestryDNA 23andMe The Genographic Project Segment Data Compared? Yes in Family Finder; may be uploaded to DNAGedcom and GEDMatch No Raw data must be uploaded to GEDMatch to compare segments. Yes Through use of 23andMe s Chromosome Comparison Tool No and Yes Data must be transferred to FTDNA. Basic transfer is free; full Family Finder activation is $39.

Thinking outside the box.

Full personal genome sequencing for under $2,000! Comprehensive Y-DNA Sequencing FullGenomes.com

Full Genomes Corp. They re currently offering an advanced test that will provide a comprehensive sequence of your Y chromosome, called the Y-Elite Test. This Y chromosome test determines the ancestry of your paternal line back in time and will determine those markers (i.e. SNPs and STRs) that are most informative for your paternal ancestry. They also offer a full personal genome sequencing for under $2,000.

Full Genomes Corp. Purchase of: Y Elite Sequencing Price per item: $750.00 USD Purchase of: Whole Genome Sequencing Price per item: $1,850.00 USD Purchase of: Interpretation of BAM files Price per item: $50.00 USD

YSEQ DNA Shop

I ve Received My Y-Chromosome Sequencing Results What Now? YSEQ is a new company established by Thomas and Astrid Krahn in November 2013. They worked for a number of years at FTDNA, helping to build their lab program. YSEQ offer a potentially unlimited menu of single SNPs to order. They charge $17.50 per SNP.

Inquiring minds want to know Was I born this way? Can I (or Did I) pass it on to my descendants?

What Can Our DNA Tell Us? We can learn the genetic distance we share with other tested individuals. We can find genetic cousins, and by developing cousin teams, we can find Common Ancestors and learn the nature of our genealogical relationships. We can learn about our Ethno-ancestry; from what ethnic groups and geographical areas did our ancestors come?

What Else Can Our DNA Tell Us? Through specialized DNA testing, we can learn about genetically inherited diseases and health issues. The FDA shut down 23andMe s health related DNA testing, but now they re back. We can use SNPedia.com s Promethease.com to have their autosomal DNA (raw data downloaded from FTDNA) analyzed for only $5. Gene by Gene will perform a wide variety of tests in coordination with your physician. And now Genes for Good will do both health and ethnoancestry testing for free! The author is not a physician, and is not offering medical advice. Consult a physician for medical advice.

From Live in the D on WDIV Detroit Channel 4 - March 21, 2015 http://www.clickondetroit.com/news/live-in-the-d/um-facebook-team-up-on-genes-for-good/32114766

https://genesforgood.sph.umich.edu/

Click Through to the Facebook App

Health Results We're excited to help you keep track of your own health information! Through the app, you'll be able to see plots of both Health History and Health Tracking results. Then, you'll also be able to download your survey responses and information, if you'd like a copy to save. From the Health History surveys, we'll plot information that lets you see where you fit into the overall population of the study. For instance, after responding to the questionnaire about personality, you'll be able to learn about five major aspects of your personality and how you relate to others.

Health History Result - Personality

Your Responses Compared to the Group We will also plot your information from the Health Tracking surveys so you can compare your responses to summary information about other participants and -- perhaps even more importantly -- keep track of your own health behaviors. For example, you can see in the mock-up below how we'll plot trends in alcohol use and stress over time. You'll be able to zoom in and out and decide which aspects of health to plot simultaneously. To protect the privacy of those who first join the study, we will not compare participants to others before we have 250 participants. We will also exclude the 4 most extreme individuals from average information.

Sample Comparison

Learning About Your Genome Once we've extracted the DNA from your saliva sample, we'll have a lot to share with you! We re very grateful that you re participating in this important health research, since it takes many thousands of people to generate enough data to do genetic studies. Though our research projects will take several years, we want you to get back some interesting information about yourself in the meantime! It is voluntary to provide a saliva sample, but rest assured that we take privacy issues around sensitive health and genetic information very seriously. If you are willing, we will send you a spit-kit free of charge and return information directly to you. You ll be able to learn about your genetic ancestry, estimate the proportion of Neanderthal DNA in your genotype, and receive your raw genetic data. We have the tools to give you information about what proportions of which ancestries are suggested by your DNA, such as percentage Korean, Scandinavian, or Native American. We will also show you an interactive map that gives information about themigration patterns of your maternal and paternal ancestors. Below is an example of one way we ll plot information and, don t worry, we ll help you interpret it!

A Sample Genome Plot

Parent Company of Family Tree DNA

FTDNA s Parent Company Testing Service Price Enhanced Item Price Whole Exome Sequencing ¹ $1095 Raw Data Only Illumina OMNI Express Array ² $199 Complete Mitochondrial Sequencing - MTDNA Whole Genome Sequencing ³ $10,395 No Analysis $1295 With Alignment and Variant Calling N/A $495 N/A $10,795 With Alignment and Variant Calling ¹ The exome contains the functionally important coding regions of the human genome. ² Optimized tag SNP content from all three HapMap phases has been strategically selected to capture the greatest amount of common variation and drive the discovery of novel associations with traits and conditions. ³ Gene By Gene s whole genome sequencing service allows for a high degree of accuracy in identifying variants across the entire scope of the human genome.

Brought to you by SNPedia.com Prometheus was the deity in Greek mythology who was the creator of mankind and its greatest benefactor, who gifted mankind with fire stolen from Mount Olympus.

What is Promethease? Promethease is a website to learn about the health implications of various SNPs in your personal genome. One can obtain the raw data from an autosomal test taken through Family Tree DNA, AncestryDNA or 23andMe, upload it to Promethease.com, pay $5, and within about 15 minutes have an extremely detailed report and download it to one s own personal computer.

Brought to you by SNPedia.com Prometheus was the deity in Greek mythology who was the creator of mankind and its greatest benefactor, who gifted mankind with fire stolen from Mount Olympus.

Who is Behind Promethease? Promethease was created by a tiny, twoman company run as a side project by Greg Lennon, a geneticist based in Maryland, and Mike Cariaso, a computer programmer in Portland, Oregon. It works by comparing a person s DNA data with entries in SNPedia, a sprawling public wiki on human genetics that the pair created eight years ago and run with the help of a few dozen volunteer editors. Lennon says Promethease is being used to build as many as 500 gene reports a day. From How a Wiki Is Keeping Direct-to-Consumer Genetics Alive by Antonio Regalado on October 19, 2014 in the MIT Technology Review

How to use Promethease