Seed Storage Committee (STO) Hugh W. Pritchard Chairman h.pritchard@kew.org
Committee Membership 2010-13 S. Ajayi - Nigeria Agricultural seed quality S. Ashmore Australia In vitro and cryopreservation P. Berjak / Sershen - RSA Recalcitrant seeds A. Börner Germany Agricultural seed storage R. Chaudhury - India Agricultural seed storage I. Ferraz Brazil Tropical wet forest species E. Gonzalez-Benito Spain Ultra-dry storage R. Jamnadass Kenya Tree seed storage Africa Americas Asia Europe
Committee Membership 2010-13 P. Leon-lobos Chile Mediterranean sp O. Neya Burkina Faso Tropical dryland trees I. Martin / C. Cuadra Spain Seed health D. Mycock RSA In vitro and cryopreservation H. Pritchard UK Wild species conservation M. Sacandé UK Tropical dryland trees X-Y. Yang China Wild species conservation Africa Americas Asia Europe
Purpose 1. To characterise and maximise seed storage of horticultural, crop and forestry species, and their wild relatives, so that their sustainable use in trade is enhanced; 2. To develop and amend guidelines on the storage of seeds
Rules Chapter 2: Sampling 2.5.4.6 Storage of submitted samples after testing Samples.shall be stored for one year The laboratory cannot be held responsible for any deterioration during storage. Chapter 7: Seed health 7.4.3 Sample storage.the selection of the appropriate storage conditions must take into account the optimal storage temperature and container.. in order to maintain sample integrity.
(B2) Training Publications on Seed Testing Target 1: Publish the questionnaire on seed storage as practiced in ISTA laboratories based on 45 replies (28 countries): Progress: Findings presented at 2010 Congress now published in Seed Testing International Number 142 (October 2011). Average storage conditions in ISTA labs = 10% MC (erh = 53%) and 13 C Half-lives: brassica c.2 y; sunflower c. 7 months; Triticum c. 5 y
(B1) Publications Target 1: Produce Guidelines on Seed Storage 9 chapters (> 40 sections) + Annex Aim: first complete draft of text by June 2012 Chapter 1 Seed storage behaviour revisited Chapter 2 Drying protocols for seed storage assessment Chapter 3 Drying protocols of seed parts Chapter 4 Moisture, temperature and longevity in the dry state Chapter 5 Ultra-dry storage
(B1) Publications Target 1: Produce Guidelines on Seed Storage 9 chapters (> 40 sections) + Annex. Aim: first complete draft of text by June 2012 Chapter 6 Cryopreservation of desiccation tolerant seeds Chapter 7 Large and small scale seed storage facilities Chapter 8 Seed storage in the wet state Chapter 9 Fungal pathogens and seed storage ANNEX Checklist of seed storage behaviour for ISTA-listed species (relates to Target B3.1 on review of rules species storage)
(B3) Scientific publications Target 2: 30 papers on seed / embryo storage: Progress: 20 papers published in 2011, including CryoLetters = 3 In vitro Cellular and Devel. Biol. Plant = 2 Protoplasma = 2 South African J. Botany = 2 J. Experimental Botany = 1 Plant Genetic Resources = 1 Seed Science and Technology = 1 Seed Science Research = 1 Seed Testing International = 1
(B3) Scientific publications Target 2: 30 papers on seed / embryo storage: Progress: 20 papers published in 2011, on topics. Characterisation of desiccation tolerance: oaks (Quercus and Cyclobalanopsis) Low temperature storage (cryo): Landolphia, Ekebergia, Amaryllis, etc. Dry storage: Genetic studies in Brassica and wheat, Solanum and other species longevity Innovations: Two, including low weight thiols Cyclobalanopsis lamellosa + 10 more species drying sensitive
(F) Special projects Target 1: 100 species newly characterised for seed biology: Progress: 36 species in 2011, including Allanblackia stuhlmannii http://database.prota.org/ Seeds dried to 10% moisture content give TTC result; seeds take 7 months to germinate.
(F) Special projects Target 1: 100 species newly characterised for seed biology: Progress: 36 species in 2011, including 34 palm species Bismarkia nobili - desiccation tolerant 19 species TOLERANT; 15 species SENSITIVE = 34 species
(F) Special projects 100 % Germination 80 60 40 20 0 16 10 7 % Moisture Content Control Thrinax radiata - desiccation sensitive Rapid warming Slow warming
(F) Special projects Target 2: Develop 5 innovations : Progress: Patent applied for cathodic protection system; one innovation published on oxidative markers for seed ageing
Ageing 1 ROS GSH 2 E GSSG Trd ASK 1 3 Trd + ASK 1 SH SH SS MAPK cascade 5 4 Cytochrome c 8 Ca ++ 6 Bax Bcl 12 9 7 11 Cytochrome c ox Metacaspases 10 Metacaspases SH SH E>70 mv SS 13 Death Reactive oxygen species and programmed cell death
Target 3: Maximise dry storage of 70 species. Progress: > 30 accessions from 30 y at < 7 %MC and -18 C Germination rate (%) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Progress (2011): (F) Special projects 92,44 91,78 Phaseolus vulgaris (9 accessions) 0 10 20 30 95,33 Years of storage Lens (20 accessions); Lupinus (7 accessions; some ageing)
(F) Special projects Target 3: Maximise dry storage of 70 species. Progress: Drying and Phaseolus seed health SMC (%) Rhizopus stolonifer Mucor sp. Aspergillus flavus Aspergillus niger Penicillium sp. Cladosporium herbarum Alternaria alternata Fusarium spp. Botrytis cinerea Rhizoctonia solani D0 12,04 10,17 a 1,33 b 0,83 6,75 b 7,67 a 4,67 a 4,75 a 1,67 0,92 2,00 D1 6,88 5,08 b 1,83 ab 6,00 13,75 b 4,67 ab 4,33 a 5,33 a 0,83 0,67 0,67 D2 4,7 6,75 ab 4,67 a 1,75 28,83 a 2,25 b 1,58 b 2,58 b 0,17 0,00 0,08 NBPGR (India): 10-18 y cryo-stored Vigna, Sesamum, Eruca, Brassica, Triticum and Zea mays pathogen free. Cf. Capsicum with pathogen
(C1) Workshops and Seminars Target 1: Two workshops. Progress: None in 2011, but.. 1. Water activity workshop, France, Oct 2010; 2. Desiccation tolerance workshop, South Africa, Jan 2012 Not optimal for storage
Questions?